| The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India. | In this report, the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are described. HIV-infected children aged 2-12 years were prospectively enrolled in 2007-2008. Measured parameters included serum ferritin, vitamin B(12), red-cell folate, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein. Children received antiretroviral therapy (ART), iron and, folate supplements as per standard of care. Among 80 enrolled HIV-infected childr ... | 2011 | 22009132 |
| short-term additional enfuvirtide therapy is associated with a greater immunological recovery in hiv very late presenters: a controlled pilot study. | objectives: to evaluate whether the addition of enfuvirtide to standard highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) could confer immunovirological benefits in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected very late presenters. the current study is an open comparative therapeutic trial of standard protease inhibitor (pi)-based haart ± additional enfuvirtide in treatment-naïve deeply immunologically impaired hiv-positive patients. method ... | 2011 | 22135137 |
| Quantitative Multicolor Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Tetherin HIV-1 Interaction. | Virus assembly and interaction with host-cell proteins occur at length scales below the diffraction limit of visible light. Novel super-resolution microscopy techniques achieve nanometer resolution of fluorescently labeled molecules. The cellular restriction factor tetherin (also known as CD317, BST-2 or HM1.24) inhibits the release of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) through direct incorporation into viral membranes and is counteracted by the HIV-1 protein Vpu. For super-resolution analys ... | 2011 | 22194693 |
| T-cell differentiation factor CBF-ß regulates HIV-1 Vif-mediated evasion of host restriction. | The human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are potent inhibitors of diverse retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 Vif forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with cullin 5 (CUL5), elongin B and elongin C , which promotes the polyubiquitination and degradation of APOBEC3 substrates. Here we demonstrate in human T cells that core binding factor ß (CBF-ß) is a key regulator of the evasion of HIV-1 from the host defence mediated by APOBEC3. CBF-ß, the non-DNA-binding subunit ... | 2011 | 22190036 |
| Altered phenotype of regulatory T cells associated with lack of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific suppressive function. | Mechanisms by which CD4+ regulatory T cells (T(regs)) mediate suppression of virus-specific responses remain poorly defined. Adenosine, mediated via CD39 and CD73, has been shown to play a role in the action of murine T(regs) . In this study we investigate the phenotype of T(regs) in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, and the function of these cells in response to HIV-1-Gag and cytomegalovirus (CMV) peptides. Phenotypic data demonstrate a decrease in forkhead box tran ... | 2011 | 21985365 |
| Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis. | Tuberculosis and malnutrition are linked in a complex relationship. The infection may cause undernutrition through increased metabolic demands and decreased intake, and nutritional deficiencies may worsen the disease, or delay recovery by depressing important immune functions. At present, there are no evidence-based nutritional guidance for adults and children being treated for tuberculosis. | 2011 | 22071828 |
| Accelerated aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Emerging challenges of growing older in the era of successful antiretroviral therapy. | HIV-infected patients are living longer as a result of potent antiretroviral therapy. Immuno-inflammatory phenomena implicated in the normal aging process, including immune senescence, depreciation of the adaptive immune system, and heightened systemic inflammation are also pathophysiologic sequelae of HIV infection, suggesting HIV infection can potentiate the biological mechanisms of aging. Aging HIV-infected patients manifest many comorbidities at earlier ages, and sometimes with more aggressi ... | 2011 | 22205585 |
| Correlation between lamivudine plasma concentrations and patient self-reported adherence to antiretroviral treatment in experienced HIV patients. | Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is important to achieve treatment success in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Most HIV clinics apply the patient self-report (PSR) method. However, the reliability of this method in experienced HIV patients remains questionable. | 2011 | 22162920 |
| Significant hepatic histopathology in chronic hepatitis B patients with serum ALT less than twice ULN and high HBV-DNA levels in Indonesia. | To study the prevalence of significant hepatic histopathology in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) = twice upper limit of normal (ULN) and its association with age, HBeAg status, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA level and viral genotype. | 2011 | 22118698 |
| establishment of a new human pneumococcal standard reference serum, 007sp. | lot 89sf has been the reference standard serum pool used in pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) since 1990. in 2005, it was estimated that there remained between 2 and 5 years' supply of lot 89sf. since lot 89sf was the reference standard used in the evaluation of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine prevnar (pcv7), the link to clinical efficacy would be severed if stocks became completely depleted. furthermore, demonstration of immune responses comparable to thos ... | 2011 | 21852547 |
| participation of women in hiv clinical trials: the ipec-fiocruz experience. | fifty percent of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) worldwide are female. in brazil, for example, 240,000 women are infected with hiv, rates of infection in women have increased over the last two decades, and addressing hiv prevention and treatment for women at risk for, or living with, hiv/aids remains a challenge. to better address the needs of women living with hiv in brazil, the instituto de pesquisa clínica evandro chagas - fun ... | 2011 | 22096408 |
| downregulation of apobec3g by xenotropic murine leukemia-virus related virus (xmrv) in prostate cancer cells. | abstract: background: xenotropic murine leukemia virus (mlv)-related virus (xmrv) is a gammaretrovirus that was discovered in prostate cancer tissues. recently, it has been proposed that xmrv is a laboratory contaminant and may have originated via a rare recombination event. host restriction factor apobec3g (a3g) has been reported to severely restrict xmrv replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. interestingly, xmrv infects and replicates efficiently in prostate cancer cells of ... | 2011 | 22152111 |
| susceptibility of hiv type 2 primary isolates to ccr5 and cxcr4 monoclonal antibodies, ligands, and small molecule inhibitors. | abstract human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) entry into susceptible cells involves the interaction between viral envelope glycoproteins with cd4 and a chemokine receptor (coreceptor), namely ccr5 and cxcr4. this interaction has been studied to enable the discovery of a new class of antiretroviral drugs that targets the envelope glycoprotein-coreceptor interaction. however, very few data exist regarding hiv-2 susceptibility to these coreceptor inhibitors. with this work we aimed to identify this ... | 2011 | 21902586 |
| focal epithelial hyperplasia: case report. | the purpose of the present article is to present a 15 year-old patient with focal epithelial hyperplasia and to review the references on the subject-related etiological, pathological, diagnostic and treatment aspects. focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare human papilloma virus (hpv) related to oral lesion with very low frequency within our population. surgical treatment with a biopsy was performed, acanthosis and parakeratosis are consistent histopathological features, since the patient had no ... | 2011 | 22071419 |
| effects of haart on platelet-activating factor metabolism in naive hiv-infected patients i: study of the tenofovir-df/emtricitabine/efavirenz haart regimen. | abstract platelet-activating factor (paf) is implicated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related manifestations. increased paf synthesis has been recently detected in hiv-infected patients. in this study, we examined in naive hiv-infected patients the in vivo effects of a highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) regimen, containing tenofovir-df/emtricitabine/efavirenz, on paf metabolism. the specific activities of paf basic biosynthetic enzymes, paf-cholinephosphotransferase (paf-cpt) ... | 2011 | 22050695 |
| interactions of protein side chains with rna defined with redor solid state nmr. | formation of the complex between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat protein and the transactivation response region (tar) rna is vital for transcriptional elongation, yet the structure of the tat-tar complex remains to be established. the nmr structures of free tar, and tar bound to tat-derived peptides have been obtained by solution nmr, but only a small number of intermolecular noes could be identified unambiguously, preventing the determination of a complete structure. here we show that ... | 2011 | 21947838 |
| [roll of antibodies antiplatelets in viral infection: a systematic review of literature]. | thrombocytopenia is a frequent phenomenon in viral infections. peripheral platelet destruction mediated by anti-platelet antibodies has been one of the proposed causal mechanisms. | 2011 | 22159482 |
| The health of HIV-exposed children after early weaning. | There are potential health risks associated with the use of early weaning to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-poor settings. Our objective was to examine growth and nutrient inadequacies among a cohort of children weaned early. Children participating in the Breastfeeding Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) Study in Lilongwe, Malawi, had HIV-infected mothers, were weaned at 6 months and fed LNS until 12 months. 40 HIV-negative, BAN-exited chil ... | 2011 | 22099216 |
| Poverty, folate deficiency, human immunodeficiency virus and ulcerated vulval sexually transmitted diseases in Jamaica. | Sexually transmitted genital ulcerative conditions are declining in Jamaica. The rates at present are far lower than that seen in the 1950s-1960s. Review of the records of the national Comprehensive Clinic has revealed that all of the major sexually transmitted conditions (Syphilis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV), Chancroid, Granuloma Inguinale and Herpes Simplex) have declined but have had three peaks between 1958 and 2000. Closer review seems to suggest that the peaks were associated firstly w ... | 2011 | 21942116 |
| once-daily antiretroviral therapy among treatment-experienced muslim patients fasting for the month of ramadan. | many countries with a considerable burden of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in africa and asia also have a substantial muslim population. anti-retroviral therapy (art) has led to reductions in hiv morbidity and mortality in those areas. however, for art to remain durably effective its provision should be adapted to local and religious customary practices such as ramadan fasting. the fasting is often observed by muslims with hiv infection and art might be compromised by sub-optimal ... | 2011 | 21914677 |
| alterations in t cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with co-infections in southern mozambique. | t cell activation and depletion of naive t cells are hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pathogenesis. this study explored the relationships between certain co-infections (including syphilis, hepatitis b and c, human t cell lymphotrophic viruses i and ii [htlv-i/ii], kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [kshv], plasmodium falciparum malaria, and tuberculosis), and levels of activated cd8 and cd4 t cell subsets as well as naive and memory cd4 t cells in hiv-infected adults in a rural ... | 2011 | 21976586 |
| randomized trial comparing dose reduction and growth factor supplementation for management of hematological side effects in hiv/hepatitis c virus patients receiving pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. | pegylated-interferon (peg-ifn) and ribavirin (rbv), current standard treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, are frequently associated with neutropenia and anemia, leading to high treatment discontinuation rates in hiv/hcv-coinfected patients. our objective was to compare the effectiveness of intervening with hematologic growth factors versus dose reductions of standard hcv therapy for the management of treatment-induced hematologic disorders. | 2011 | 21876446 |
| IRGM Is a Common Target of RNA Viruses that Subvert the Autophagy Network. | Autophagy is a conserved degradative pathway used as a host defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. However, several viruses can evade or subvert autophagy to insure their own replication. Nevertheless, the molecular details of viral interaction with autophagy remain largely unknown. We have determined the ability of 83 proteins of several families of RNA viruses (Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Retroviridae and Togaviridae), to interact with 44 human autophagy-associ ... | 2011 | 22174682 |
| Differential virus restriction patterns of rhesus macaque and human APOBEC3A: implications for lentivirus evolution. | The human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic peptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; A3) family of proteins (A3A-H) are known to restrict various retroviruses and retroelements, but the full complement of rhesus macaque A3 proteins remains unclear. We report the isolation and characterization of the hA3A homologue from rhesus macaques (rhA3A) and show that the rhesus macaque and human A3 genes are orthologous. RhA3A is expressed at high levels in activated CD4+ T cells, is widely expressed in macaq ... | 2011 | 21868050 |
| Prevalence and factors associated with traditional herbal medicine use among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatment for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related problems. Concurrent use of traditional herbal medicines (THM) with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is widespread among HIV infected patients. However, the extent of THM use is not known in most settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with THM use among HIV infected patients on highly active antiretroviral ... | 2011 | 22074367 |
| Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 genomic integration in invasive and in situ cervical carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. | Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of developing precancerous and cancerous lesions in cervix because of persistence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Scarce information about the HPV genotypes attributed to cervical cancer in the HIV-infected population is available, especially in countries with a low prevalence of this pathology. | 2011 | 21892092 |
| Acute HIV infection in Singapore: predominance of men who have sex with men. | Introduction: The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Singapore is on the rise. We aimed to study the clinical epidemiology of acute HIV infection in Singapore. Methods: All patients that fulfilled the criteria for definite and probable acute HIV infection were prospectively identified from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2006. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Results: A total of 16 out of 34 patients had definite acute HIV infection, and 68 perce ... | 2011 | 22159926 |
| Predictive Utility of Brief Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral medication nonadherence. | Alcohol use negatively affects adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), thus human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) care providers need accurate, efficient assessments of alcohol use. Using existing data from an efficacy trial of 2 cognitive-behavioral ART adherence interventions, the authors sought to determine if results on 2 common alcohol screening tests (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test--Consumption [AUDIT-C] and its binge-related question [AUD ... | 2011 | 22014256 |
| [A case of disseminated gonococcal infection without typical skin rash]. | Few case reports have been published on disseminated gonococcal infection in Japan. We report such a non-HIV case without typical skin rash. A 49-year-old Japanese man living in Thailand on business was seen for fever and multiple arthralgia after returning to Japan. Given the travel history, differential diagnoses included endemic viral infection such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue fever, and chikungunya. Diagnosis was based on right-knee arthrocentesis, and synovial fluid cultur ... | 2011 | 21861441 |
| HIV ENV glycoprotein-mediated bystander apoptosis depends on expression of the CCR5 co-receptor at the cell surface and ENV fusogenic activity. | HIV-1 infections lead to a progressive depletion of CD4 cells culminating in AIDS. The coreceptor usage by HIV varies from CCR5 (R5) tropic early in infection to CXCR4 (X4) tropic in later infections. Although the coreceptor switch from R5 to X4 tropic HIV is well associated with progression to AIDS, the role of CCR5 in disease progression especially in patients infected exclusively with R5 isolates throughout the disease remains enigmatic. To better understand the role of CCR5 and R5 tropic HIV ... | 2011 | 21859712 |
| A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22082156 |
| Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, human immunodeficiency virus/herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection, and associated risk factors in a national, population-based survey in Kenya. | Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a known biologic cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition. The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007 provided Kenya's first nationally representative estimate of HSV-2 prevalence and risk factors. | 2011 | 21992985 |
| design of therapeutic vaccines: hepatitis b as an example. | therapeutic vaccines are currently developed for chronic viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (hpv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), herpesvirus and hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) virus infections. as an alternative to antiviral treatment or to support only partially effective therapy a therapeutic vaccine shall activate the patient's immune system to fight and finally control or ideally even eliminate the virus. whereas the success of prophylactic vaccination is based on rapid neut ... | 2011 | 21958338 |
| hiv and hepatitis c coinfection: pathogenesis and microbial translocation. | human immune deficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfected individuals progress more rapidly to fibrosis than their hcv mono-infected counterparts. increased microbial translocation in hiv-1/hcv coinfection may play an important role. | 2011 | 21918438 |
| hiv-related risk perception among female sex workers in nigeria. | over one-third of sex workers in nigeria are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), yet there is a lack of understanding of sex workers' own perception of sexual risk-taking. applying the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper examined the personal hiv risk perception of brothel-based sex workers. | 2011 | 22096411 |
| broad neutralization coverage of hiv by multiple highly potent antibodies. | broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly variable viral pathogens are much sought after to treat or protect against global circulating viruses. here we probed the neutralizing antibody repertoires of four human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected donors with remarkably broad and potent neutralizing responses and rescued 17 new monoclonal antibodies that neutralize broadly across clades. many of the new monoclonal antibodies are almost tenfold more potent than the recently described pg9, ... | 2011 | 21849977 |
| targeting hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers to b cells using april improves antibody responses. | an hiv-1 vaccine remains elusive, in part because various factors limit the quantity and quality of the antibodies raised against the viral envelope glycoprotein complex (env). we hypothesized that targeting env vaccines directly to b cells, by fusing them to molecules that bind and activate these cells, would improve env-specific antibody responses. therefore, we fused trimeric env gp140 to a proliferation-inducing ligand (april), b-cell activating factor (baff), and cd40 ligand (cd40l). the en ... | 2011 | 22205734 |
| soluble cd27 induces igg production through activation of antigen-primed b cells. | abstract. dang lvp, nilsson a, ingelman-sundberg h, cagigi a, gelinck lbs, titanji k, de milito a, grutzmeier s, hedlund j, kroon fp, chiodi f (karolinska institutet, stockholm; karolinska university hospital huddinge, stockholm; erasmus medical center, rotterdam, the netherlands; emory university school of medicine, atlanta, ga, usa; karolinska institutet, stockholm; the soder hospital, stockholm; karolinska university hospital, solna, sweden; leiden university medical center (lumc), leiden, t ... | 2011 | 21917027 |
| increasing diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes circulating in australia. | abstract characterization of hiv subtypes can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemic within a distinct region, and when combined with notification data, may also be helpful in enhancing current hiv prevention strategies. in this study, we characterized 1056 hiv-positive individuals (948 males and 108 females) living in victoria and whose infection was detected for the first time between 2005 and 2010 inclusive. hiv-1 strains were subtyped based on pol gene sequence. phyloge ... | 2011 | 22077905 |
| role for the terminal clasp of hiv-1 gp41 glycoprotein in the initiation of membrane fusion. | the binding by hiv-1 gp120 to cd4 and a chemokine receptor activates the membrane fusion glycoprotein, gp41. the fusion function of gp41 involves the refolding of its core into a 6-helix bundle, which apposes the lipophilic termini (the fusion peptide and transmembrane domain) and the associated cell and viral membranes, leading to their fusion. in this study, we examined the functional role of the polar segment and membrane proximal external region (mper), which link the fusion peptide and tran ... | 2011 | 21976663 |
| morphine potentiates neurodegenerative effects of hiv-1 tat through actions at μ-opioid receptor-expressing glia. | individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 who abuse opiates can have a higher incidence of virus-associated neuropathology. human immunodeficiency virus does not infect neurons, but viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription and glycoprotein 120, originating from infected glia, are neurotoxic. moreover, functional changes in glial cells that enhance inflammation and reduce trophic support are increasingly implicated in human immunodeficiency virus neuropathology. in pr ... | 2011 | 22102648 |
| Antiretroviral therapy-associated dyslipidemia in patients from a reference center in Brazil. | The aim of this study was to determine the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the lipid profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients before and after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This was a cross-sectional analysis of patients receiving HAART at a reference center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, on the basis of medical records from 2002 to 2006. Patients were included if they had at least one lipid test or a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of dyslipidemi ... | 2011 | 22052375 |
| samhd1-deficient cd14+ cells from individuals with aicardi-goutières syndrome are highly susceptible to hiv-1 infection. | myeloid blood cells are largely resistant to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). recently, it was reported that vpx from hiv-2/sivsm facilitates infection of these cells by counteracting the host restriction factor samhd1. here, we independently confirmed that vpx interacts with samhd1 and targets it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. we found that vpx-mediated samhd1 degradation rendered primary monocytes highly susceptible to hiv-1 infection; vpx with a t17a mutation, ... | 2011 | 22174685 |
| antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | abstract: | 2011 | 22044844 |
| Successful treatment of aciclovir and foscarnet resistant Herpes simplex virus lesions with topical imiquimod in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | Aciclovir (ACV)-resistant Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infections are observed commonly in patients also infected with HIV-1. The use of foscarnet (FOS) in these patients may also lead to resistance. This situation can become a difficult therapeutic challenge. Four cases of patients infected with HIV and with mucocutaneous HSV-2 resistant to ACV and FOS are reported. These patients were treated successfully with topical 5% imiquimod. Imiquimod treatment also appeared to delay the time to ... | 2012 | 22170537 |
| Non-Enzymatic Functions of Retroviral Integrase: The Next Target for Novel Anti-HIV Drug Development. | Integrase (IN) is a retroviral enzyme that catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA (vDNA) into host chromosomal DNA, which is necessary for efficient viral replication. The crystal structure of prototype foamy virus IN bound to cognate vDNA ends, a complex referred to as the intasome, has recently been resolved. Structure analysis of the intasome revealed a tetramer structure of IN that was required for its catalytic function, and also showed the inhibitory mechanism of the IN inhibitor. Genetic an ... | 2011 | 22016749 |
| F18, a Novel Small-Molecule Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Inhibits HIV-1 Replication Using Distinct Binding Motifs as Demonstrated by Resistance Selection and Docking Analysis. | Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are one of the key components of antiretroviral therapy drug regimen against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We previously described a newly synthesized small molecule, 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A (F18), a (+)-calanolide A analog, as a novel anti-HIV-1 NNRTI (H. Xue et al., J. Med. Chem. 53:1397-1401, 2010). Here, we further investigated its antiviral range, drug resistance profile, and underlyin ... | 2012 | 22037848 |
| [The health conditions of prison inmates in Tuscany]. | Objective: investigation of health conditions of prison inmates inTuscany (Italy) comparedwith non-institutionalized population and literature data. Design: cross-sectional descriptive study of a sample recruited for a prospective cohort study. Setting e participants: prison inmates detained inTuscany on June 15th 2009. Istat data concerning the survey "Aspects of daily life" 2006-2009 has been used for comparison. Main outcome measures: themeasures used for the analysis are prevalence data by a ... | 2011 | 22166776 |
| hiv-1 envelope protein gp120 up regulates ccl5 production in astrocytes which can be circumvented by inhibitors of nf-κb pathway. | hiv associated neurological disorders (hand) is a common neurological complication in patients infected with hiv. the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced by astrocytes play a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory processes in the brain and viral envelope gp120 has been implicated in this process. in view of increased levels of ccl5 observed in the csf of hiv-1 infected patients, we studied the effects of gp120 on ccl5 expression in astrocytes and the possible mechanisms responsible for ... | 2011 | 21945445 |
| incarceration is a major risk factor for blood-borne infection among intravenous drug users: incarceration and blood borne infection among intravenous drug users. | there is a strong association between hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection which are mainly transmitted by contamination with blood via intravenous drug abuse (ivdu) or sexual contact. | 2011 | 22087111 |
| transforming the uk's response to hiv: addressing aids in the community. | hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) is a serious public health issue in uk. more than 90000 people are currently living with hiv and a full quarter of these people are not aware that they have it. further, there are 6000-7000 new hiv diagnoses every year. | 2011 | 22067572 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein Gp120 induces proliferation but not apoptosis in osteoblasts at physiologic concentrations. | Patients with HIV infection have decreased numbers of osteoblasts, decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture compared to uninfected patients; however, the molecular mechanisms behind these associations remain unclear. We questioned whether Gp120, a component of the envelope protein of HIV capable of inducing apoptosis in many cell types, is able to induce cell death in bone-forming osteoblasts. We show that treatment of immortalized osteoblast-like cells and primary human ost ... | 2011 | 21931863 |
| arc of a vicious circle: pathways activated by mycobacterium tuberculosis that target the hiv-1 long terminal repeat. | in this review, we examine how a subset of signal transduction cascades initiated by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection modulates transcription mediated by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (hiv-1 ltr). we describe two distinct phases of signaling that target transcription factors known to bind the hiv-1 ltr, and thus drive viral transcription and replication, in cells of the mtb-infected host. first, mtb-derived molecules, including cell wall components and dn ... | 2011 | 21852682 |
| a panel of igg1 b12 variants with selectively diminished or enhanced affinity for fcγ receptors to define the role of effector functions in protection against hiv. | passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies is effective in protecting rhesus macaques against simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) challenge. in addition to neutralization, effector functions of the crystallizable fragment (fc) of antibodies are involved in antibody-mediated protection against a number of viruses. we recently showed that interaction between the fc fragment of the broadly neutralizing antibody igg1 b12 and cellular fcγ receptors (fcγrs) plays an important role in protectio ... | 2011 | 21849450 |
| Direct effects of HIV-1 Tat on excitability and survival of primary dorsal root ganglion neurons: possible contribution to HIV-1-associated pain. | The vast majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have pain syndrome, which has a significant impact on their quality of life. The underlying causes of HIV-1-associated pain are not likely attributable to direct viral infection of the nervous system due to the lack of evidence of neuronal infection by HIV-1. However, HIV-1 proteins are possibly involved as they have been implicated in neuronal damage and death. The current study assesses the direct effects of HI ... | 2011 | 21912693 |
| a highly conserved residue in the c-terminal helix of hiv-1 matrix is required for envelope incorporation into virus particles. | the incorporation of viral envelope glycoproteins (env) into nascent particles is an essential step in the production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). this process has been shown to require interactions between env and the matrix (ma) domain of the gag polyprotein. previous studies indicate that several residues in the n-terminal region of ma are required for env incorporation. however, the precise mechanism by which env proteins are acquired during virus assembly has y ... | 2011 | 22156517 |
| modulation of hiv-1 integrase activity by single-stranded oligonucleotides and their conjugates with eosin. | integration of the dna copy of the genomic rna into an infected cell genome is one of the key steps of the replication cycle of all retroviruses. it is catalyzed by the viral enzyme, integrase. we have shown that conjugates of short single-stranded oligonucleotides with eosin efficiently inhibit the catalytic activity of the hiv-1 integrase. in this article, we have found that the dependence of the integrase catalytic activity on the concentration of oligonucleotides has a bell-shaped pattern. t ... | 2011 | 21888554 |
| Attitudes and practices towards HAART among people living with HIV/AIDS in a resource-limited setting in northern Burkina Faso. | To assess the perception of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and attitudes and practices towards highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among patients living in a resource-poor region of northern Burkina Faso, where HAART has only become available in recent years. | 2011 | 22015209 |
| molecular determinants of hiv-2 r5-x4 tropism in the v3 loop: development of a new genotypic tool. | objective. the use of ccr5 inhibitors requires a tool to predict human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) tropism, as established in hiv-1. the aim of our study was to identify genotypic determinants of hiv-2 tropism located in the gp105 v3 loop. methods. hiv-2 tropism phenotypic assays were performed on 53 hiv-2 clinical isolates using gfp expressing human osteosarcoma t4 [ghost(3)] cell lines expressing cd4 and ccr5 or cxcr4 coreceptors. the gp105 v3 loop was sequenced and analyzed. results ... | 2012 | 22140264 |
| increasing the potency and breadth of an hiv antibody by using structure-based rational design. | antibodies against the cd4 binding site (cd4bs) on the hiv-1 spike protein gp120 can show exceptional potency and breadth. we determined structures of nih45-46, a more potent clonal variant of vrc01, alone and bound to gp120. comparisons with vrc01-gp120 revealed that a four-residue insertion in heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (cdrh3) contributed to increased interaction between nih45-46 and the gp120 inner domain, which correlated with enhanced neutralization. we used structure ... | 2011 | 22033520 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease forum 2010: Conference proceedings. | Liver disease continues to represent a critical mediator of morbidity and mortality in those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The frequent presence and overlap of concomitant injurious processes, including hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections, hepatoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapeutic agents, alcohol, and other toxins, in the setting of immunosuppression lead to rapid fibrotic progression and early development of end-stage liver disease. This confere ... | 2011 | 21898501 |
| gamma delta t cells from hiv(+) donors can be expanded in vitro by zoledronate/interleukin-2 to become cytotoxic effectors for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. | abstract background aims. immunotherapy using γδ t cells capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) is a promising anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strategy. approved aminobispohsphonate drugs, for example zoledronate (zometa), stimulate γδ t cells in cancer patients, where they may promote direct tumor killing. knowing that γδ t cells are modulated during hiv disease, documenting their responses and potential for controlling hiv is important. we investigated w ... | 2011 | 22029653 |
| The Hematopoietic Cell-Specific Rho GTPase Inhibitor ARHGDIB/D4GDI Limits HIV Type 1 Replication. | Abstract Rho GTPases are able to influence the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, little is known about the regulation of HIV-1 replication by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), one of the three major regulators of the Rho GTPase activation cycle. From a T cell-based cDNA library screening, ARHGDIB/RhoGDIß, a hematopoietic lineage-specific GDI family protein, was identified as a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication. Up-regulation of ARHGDIB ... | 2011 | 21936715 |
| [Design and expression of an inhibitor for HIV-1 targeting dendritic cell]. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects the host cells by the fusion of viral and cell membranes. Blocking the combining between HIV and the receptors can prevent HIV from entering the host cells. We designed an invasion-inhibitor for HIV-1 targeting dendritic cell (DC), including 2 important HIV-1 receptors CD4 and CCR5, and 2 molecules Flt3-L and Mip-3alpha. With the synthetic gene of the inhibitor, 2 eukaryotic expression vectors pABK-CKR5-CD4/Flt3L-Mip3alpha (pABK-HIV-MF) and pABK-CKR5-CD ... | 2011 | 22097808 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in ireland: phylogenetic evidence for risk group-specific sub-epidemics. | hiv genetic diversity may impact on viral pathogenesis, transmission, response to treatment, and vaccine development. public health surveillance that monitors the frequency & variety of hiv subtypes in a particular region or patient group is vital to successfully control the pandemic. we present the first comprehensive report on hiv diversity in ireland. this study comprised all new hiv-1 diagnoses that were confirmed in the national virus reference laboratory, university college dublin, fr ... | 2011 | 22176216 |
| tetherin has negligible activity in restricting hepatitis c virus in hepatocytes. | we investigated the ability of tetherin, a recently identified antiviral factor, in restricting hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the japanese fulminant hepatitis-1 (jfh-1) infectious cell culture system. human hepatocytes (huh7, huh7.5.1) expressedlow levels of endogenous tetherin, which could be induced by ifn-α. however, tetherin contributes little to ifn-α-mediated anti-hcv jfh-1 activity. although tetherin could inhibit vpu-deleted hiv-1 release, it had negligible activity in restricting hcv jfh-1 ... | 2011 | 21940748 |
| New Clinical and Histological Patterns of Acute Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. | Histoplasmosis has attained increasing relevance in the past 3 decades because of the appearance of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In most immunocompetent persons, the infection is asymptomatic or can produce a respiratory condition with symptoms and radiological images similar to those observed in pulmonary tuberculosis; in non-HIV+ immunocompromised patients, it can cause respiratory symptoms or evolve into a disseminated infection. The same can occur in acquired immunodeficiency synd ... | 2011 | 22157244 |
| Subunit-specific mutational analysis of residue N348 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. | N348I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) confers resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and nevirapine. Biochemical studies demonstrated that N348I indirectly increases AZT resistance by decreasing the frequency of secondary ribonuclease H (RNase H) cleavages that reduce the RNA/DNA duplex length of the template/primer (T/P) and diminish the efficiency of AZT-monophosphate (MP) excision. By contrast, there is some discrepancy in the literature in regard to the mechanisms associated with nevirapine resi ... | 2011 | 21859446 |
| Surgical treatment for locally advanced lung cancer in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the most common cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These patients are known to be at increased risk for lung cancer compared with the general population. Recently, HIV-infected patients who need surgical treatment of lung cancers are becoming increasingly common. We present a 60-year-old HIV-infected man with locally advanced lung cancer with a helper T-lymphocyte count of 195 cells/µl at th ... | 2011 | 22173683 |
| Impaired CD4+ cell recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV resistance mutations. | Antiretroviral therapy is limited by the development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistance mutations. Although resistance testing is recommended during therapy failure, little is known about the optimal time points for testing or its impact on treatment. In this study, we investigated HIV polymorphisms and mutations and assessed their influence on the outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We focused on viral load and CD4+ cell counts as the most important parameters ... | 2011 | 22179846 |
| Importance of high IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii titers and PCR detection of T. gondii DNA in peripheral blood samples for the diagnosis of AIDS-related cerebral toxoplasmosis: a case-control study. | Cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Brazil. In clinical practice, the initial diagnosis is usually presumptive and alternative diagnosis tools are necessary. Our objective was to evaluate whether the detection of high titers of IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii and T. gondii DNA in blood samples are associated with the diagnosis of CT. | 2011 | 21861006 |
| hla-b*57 micropolymorphism shapes hla allele-specific epitope immunogenicity, selection pressure, and hiv immune control. | the genetic polymorphism that has the greatest impact on immune control of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is expression of hla-b*57. understanding of the mechanism for this strong effect remains incomplete. hla-b*57 alleles and the closely related hla-b*5801 are often grouped together because of their similar peptide-binding motifs and hiv disease outcome associations. however, we show here that the apparently small differences between hla-b*57 alleles, termed hla-b*57 micropolymor ... | 2012 | 22090105 |
| tumorigenesis related to retroviral infections. | retroviral infections are considered important risk factors for cancer development in humans since approximately 15-20% of cancer worldwide is caused by an infectious agent. this report discusses the most established oncogenic retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-1 and -2), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), abelson murine leukemia virus (a-mulv), moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv), murine mammary tumor virus (mmtv), bovine leukemia virus, (blv ... | 2011 | 22112727 |
| Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach. | Maraviroc (MVC) is the first licensed antiretroviral drug from the class of coreceptor antagonists. It binds to the host coreceptor CCR5, which is used by the majority of HIV strains in order to infect the human immune cells (Fig. 1). Other HIV isolates use a different coreceptor, the CXCR4. Which receptor is used, is determined in the virus by the Env protein (Fig. 2). Depending on the coreceptor used, the viruses are classified as R5 or X4, respectively. MVC binds to the CCR5 receptor inhibiti ... | 2011 | 22157596 |
| Genetic and functional heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus p7 ion channel during natural chronic infection. | The present study describes natural genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein, the ion channel that plays a critical role in assembly and release of HCV, within 299 variants isolated from serum specimens of 27 chronically infected patients, 12 of whom with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Liver fibrosis stage was inversely correlated with p7 synonymous substitutions (dS) (p=0.033), and indices of p7 genetic diversity were significantly higher in HIV-negative sub ... | 2011 | 22172518 |
| Understanding the impact of HIV diagnosis amongst gay men in Scotland: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. | Although a wide literature details the psychological impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis, it predates the introduction of effective treatment for HIV (i.e. anti-retroviral therapies, ARTs). This article explores the psychological impact of HIV diagnosis in post-ART accounts. This is important, given the recent policy developments which focus upon increasing HIV testing and thus diagnoses. | 2011 | 22010635 |
| Perception of quality of care in HIV/AIDS programmes among patients in a tertiary health care facility in Anambra State. | Continuous quality improvement is linked to the use of timely and useful feedback from clients in Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) care. HIV experts and care professionals agree that consumer involvement, such as patient satisfaction survey, is an essential part of HIV care and policy making today. The introduction ofAnti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) services in Nigeria has significantly impacted positively on the overall well being of People Living with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndr ... | 2011 | 21970277 |
| Accurate sampling and deep sequencing of the HIV-1 protease gene using a Primer ID. | Viruses can create complex genetic populations within a host, and deep sequencing technologies allow extensive sampling of these populations. Limitations of these technologies, however, potentially bias this sampling, particularly when a PCR step precedes the sequencing protocol. Typically, an unknown number of templates are used in initiating the PCR amplification, and this can lead to unrecognized sequence resampling creating apparent homogeneity; also, PCR-mediated recombination can disrupt l ... | 2011 | 22135472 |
| Raltegravir dosage adjustment in HIV-infected patients receiving etravirine. | The pharmacokinetic interaction of etravirine and raltegravir is reviewed, with discussion of implications for clinical practice. | 2011 | 22011983 |
| A Review of the Content and Format of Transgender-Related Webpages. | Transgender persons represent a highly diverse group of individuals who have been historically underserved, despite being disproportionately at risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and other health conditions. Despite the need for more research on transgender health issues, no review of online transgender-related resources has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to broadly characterize (1) the types of transgender-related webpages that appear as a result of keyword searches, and ... | 2011 | 22007970 |
| TMC310911, a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, shows in vitro an improved resistance profile and higher genetic barrier to resistance compared with current protease inhibitors. | TMC310911 is a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) structurally closely related to darunavir (DRV) but with improved virological characteristics. TMC310911 has potent activity against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 (median 50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 14 nM) and a wide spectrum of recombinant HIV-1 clinical isolates, including multiple-PI-resistant strains with decreased susceptibility to currently approved PIs (fold change [FC] in EC(50), >10). For a panel o ... | 2011 | 21896904 |
| Occult hepatitis B virus infection: A major concern in HIV-infected patients: Occult HBV in HIV. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected patients are at risk of acquiring viral hepatitis, due to common routes of transmission. As the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduced the frequency of opportunistic infections and improved survival, viral hepatitis emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected cases. Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by presence of HBV infection without detectable hepatitis B surface ant ... | 2011 | 22087108 |
| X4 tropic multi-drug resistant quasi-species detected at the time of primary HIV-1 infection remain exclusive or at least dominant far from PHI. | Our objective was to analyze the evolution of resistance mutations (RM) and viral tropism of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains detected at primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). MDR HIV strain was defined as the presence of genotypic resistance to at least 1 antiretroviral of the 3 classes. Tropism determinations (CCR5 or CXCR4) were performed on baseline plasma HIV-RNA and/or PBMC-HIV-DNA samples, then during follow-up using population-based sequencing of V3 loop and phenotypic tests. Clonal analysis ... | 2011 | 21887243 |
| The HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate MVA-B administered as a single immunogen in humans triggers robust, polyfunctional, and selective effector memory T cell responses to HIV-1 antigens. | Attenuated poxvirus vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigens are considered promising HIV/AIDS vaccine candidates. Here, we describe the nature of T cell immune responses induced in healthy volunteers participating in a phase I clinical trial in Spain after intramuscular administration of three doses of the recombinant MVA-B-expressing monomeric gp120 and the fused Gag-Pol-Nef (GPN) polyprotein of clade B. The majority (92.3%) of the volunteers immunized had a posi ... | 2011 | 21865377 |
| [genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in newly confirmed human immunodeficiency virus infectors in beijing]. | to examine the prevalence of drug resistance mutations among the treatment-naive hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infectors living in beijing so as to provide the basal information for clinical antiviral treatment. | 2011 | 21914279 |
| an update on the use of atripla in the treatment of hiv in the united states. | atripla(®) (gilead sciences inc, foster city, ca, usa and bristol-myers squibb, new york city, ny, usa) is a coformulated single pill composed of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil, intended as a once-daily potent combination antiretroviral therapeutic agent. its efficacy is equivalent to the 3 component drugs taken in a combination as single medications. the coformulated antiretroviral regimen can be quite effective in patients whose human immunodeficiency virus is sensitive to ... | 2010 | 22096391 |
| hiv, sex work, and civil society in china. | harm reduction programs for sex workers have been hampered by the prioritization of law enforcement over aids prevention. for example, the april 2010 "strike-hard" campaign against prostitution in beijing, during which bars, nightclubs, saunas, and karaoke bars were raided, created an atmosphere that critically impeded human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) outreach activities for sex workers. in china, criminalization has limited the growth of a coherent and cohesive set of nongovernmental organiza ... | 2011 | 22043035 |
| [analysis of genetic diversity and amino acid sequence of hiv-1tat in cns and peripheral tissue of a patient with adc and a patient with non-adc]. | to study the diversity of hiv-1 tat gene in cns and peripheral tissue of a patient with adc and a patient with non-adc, so as to research hiv evolution, the mechanism of cns invasion and the pathogenesis of adc. | 2011 | 22097599 |
| the diagnostic value of intraocular fluid analysis by polymerase chain reaction in thai patients with uveitis. | uveitis is a major cause of severe visual impairment throughout the world and can be initiated by various infectious and non-infectious causes. early recognition of specific infections is important as the treatment with antimicrobial agents might stop the progression or even cure the eye disease. to determine the infectious causes of uveitis in thailand, intraocular fluid samples of 100 hiv-negative patients and 47 hiv-positive patients with uveitis were examined using real-time pcr analysis for ... | 2011 | 21943559 |
| mapping of the primary mannose binding site of pradimicin a. | pradimicin a (prm-a) is an actinomycete-derived antibiotic with the lectin-like property of being able to recognize d-mannopyranoside (man) in the presence of ca(2+) ion. prm-a and its derivatives have been attracting a great deal of attention as the only family of natural carbohydrate receptors with nonpeptidic skeleton and, more recently, as conceptually novel drug candidates for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). despite its scientific interest and potential therapeutic importance, understan ... | 2011 | 21942374 |
| characterization of natural killer cell phenotype and function during recurrent human hsv-2 infection. | human natural killer (nk) cell differentiation, characterized by a loss of nkg2a in parallel with the acquisition of nkg2c, kirs, and cd57 is stimulated by a number of virus infections, including infection with human cytomegalovirus (cmv), hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1. here, we addressed if hsv-2 infection in a similar way drives nk cell differentiation towards an nkg2a(-)nkg2c(+)kir(+)cd57(+) phenotype. in contrast to infection with cmv, hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1, rec ... | 2011 | 22110712 |
| diffuse interstitial lung infiltrates in a smoker with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare interstitial lung disease characteristically affecting middle-aged smokers. it has unpredictable clinical course and may be associated with malignant neoplasms. opportunistic lung infections are frequently considered when patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection present with respiratory symptoms and an abnormal chest x-ray. though fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is diagnostic for infectious etiologies, surgic ... | 2011 | 21886957 |
| Diagnostic value of an immunochromatographic test over clinical predictors for tuberculosis in HIV patients. | The value of an immunochromatographic test for tuberculosis (ICT-TB) combined with clinical predictors has yet to be evaluated in Thailand. This study aimed to assess any additional diagnostic value of an ICT-TB test over that of clinical predictors in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients as well as in subgroups of HIV patients classified by clinical risk scores. | 2011 | 22003307 |
| De novo assembly of Euphorbia fischeriana root transcriptome identifies prostratin pathway related genes. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Euphorbia fischeriana is an important medicinal plant found in Northeast China. The plant roots contain many medicinal compounds including 12-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate, commonly known as prostratin that is a phorbol ester from the tigliane diterpene series. Prostratin is a protein kinase C activator and is effective in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by acting as a latent HIV activator. Latent HIV is currently the biggest limitation for viral eradication. ... | 2011 | 22151917 |
| Binding of HIV-1 gp120 Glycoprotein to Silica Nanoparticles Modified with CD4 Glycoprotein and CD4 Peptide Fragments. | An important step in human immunodeficiency virus infection involves the interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the human host cell surface receptor CD4. Herein, we describe a CD4-functionalized mesoporous silica-based system to selectively capture HIV-gp120 with high binding efficiency. Using a protection-deprotection strategy developed recently by our group, the external surface of the mesoporous particles was selectively functionalized with soluble CD4 ("sCD4") or an 18 ... | 2011 | 22117536 |
| psychological and behavioral factors predicting attendance at a community-based hiv prevention intervention. | to date, virtualiy no research has addressed individuals' characteristics which influence their participation in prevention interventions targeting the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). identification of these characteristics is important, for no intervention is effective if not attended. this study explored stage of condom adoption and selected other psychological and behavioral factors, to determine which of these predicted attendance at a clinic-based hiv intervention. stage of condom adopt ... | 1997 | 22012799 |
| dynamic antibody specificities and virion concentrations in circulating immune complexes in acute to chronic hiv-1 infection. | understanding the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) virions and antibodies (ab) produced during acute hiv-1 infection (ahi) is critical for defining antibody antiviral capabilities. antibodies that bind virions may prevent transmission by neutralization of virus or mechanically prevent hiv-1 migration through mucosal layers. in this study, we quantified circulating hiv-1 virion-immune complexes (ics), present in approximately 90% of ahi subjects, and compared the l ... | 2011 | 21865397 |
| Vaccine induced antibodies to the first variable loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120, mediate antibody-dependent virus inhibition in macaques. | The role of antibodies directed against the hyper variable envelope region V1 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), has not been thoroughly studied. We show that a vaccine able to elicit strain-specific non-neutralizing antibodies to this region of gp120 is associated with control of highly pathogenic chimeric SHIV(89.6P) replication in rhesus macaques. The vaccinated animal that had the highest titers of antibodies to the amino terminus portion of V1, prior to challenge, had secondary ... | 2011 | 22037204 |
| Polymorphisms in the a4 integrin of neotropical primates: insights for binding of natural ligands and HIV-1 gp120 to the human a4ß7. | The a4 integrin subunit associates with ß7 and ß1 and plays important roles in immune function and cell trafficking. The gut-homing receptor a4ß7 has been recently described as a new receptor for HIV. Here, we describe polymorphisms of ITGA4 gene in New World primates (NWP), and tested their impact on the binding to monoclonal antibodies, natural ligands (MAdCAM and VCAM), and several gp120 HIV-1 envelope proteins. Genomic DNA of NWP specimens comprising all genera of the group had their exons 5 ... | 2011 | 21912696 |
| Predictors for recombinant HIV infection in a Thai cohort. | Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with exchange of sex for money, =1 sex partner within the prior 6 months, and decline in CD4 cell count in this Thai cohort study. These findings suggest that recombinant HIV infection may have implications for HIV disease progression, safer sex practices, and vaccine development. | 2011 | 21992982 |