| a whole-genome rnai screen uncovers a novel role for human potassium channels in cell killing by the parasite entamoeba histolytica. | the parasite entamoeba histolytica kills human cells resulting in ulceration, inflammation and invasion of the colonic epithelium. we used the cytotoxic properties of ameba to select a genome-wide rnai library to reveal novel host factors that control susceptibility to amebic killing. we identified 281 candidate susceptibility genes and bioinformatics analyses revealed that ion transporters were significantly enriched among susceptibility genes. potassium (k(+)) channels were the most common tra ... | 2015 | 26346926 |
| a surface membrane protein of entamoeba histolytica functions as a receptor for human chemokine il-8: its role in the attraction of trophozoites to inflammation sites. | entamoeba histolytica trophozoites respond to the presence of il-8, moving by chemotaxis towards the source of the chemokine. il-8 binds to the trophozoite membrane and triggers a response that activates signaling pathways that in turn regulate actin/myosin cytoskeleton organisation to initiate migration towards the chemokine, suggesting the presence of a receptor for il-8 in the parasite. antibodies directed to the human il-8 receptor (cxcr1) specifically recognised a 29 kda protein in trophozo ... | 2015 | 26343219 |
| entamoeba invadens: identification of a serca protein and effect of serca inhibitors on encystation. | calcium has an important role on signaling of different cellular processes, including growth and differentiation. signaling by calcium also has an essential function in pathogenesis and differentiation of the protozoan parasites entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba invadens. however, the proteins of these parasites that regulate the cytoplasmic concentration of this ion are poorly studied. in eukaryotic cells, the calcium-atpase of the serca type plays an important role in calcium homeostasis by ... | 2015 | 26318877 |
| structure-based design of inhibitors of the crucial cysteine biosynthetic pathway enzyme o-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase. | the cysteine biosynthetic pathway is of fundamental importance for the growth, survival, and pathogenicity of the many pathogens. this pathway is present in many species but is absent in mammals. the ability of pathogens to counteract the oxidative defences of a host is critical for the survival of these pathogens during their long latent phases, especially in anaerobic pathogens such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, trichomonas vaginalis, and salmonella typhimurium. all of these o ... | 2016 | 26303427 |
| pulmonary thromboembolism complicating amebic liver abscess: first reported case in the united states-case report and literature review. | even in the absence of amebic colitis, amebic liver abscess (ala) is the most common extraintestinal complication of entamoeba histolytica infection. in the usa, it is most prevalent in middle aged immigrant males from endemic countries such as africa, mexico, and india. one of the complications of ala is inferior vena cava (ivc) thrombosis, which is believed to result from the mechanical compression of the ivc and the consequent thrombogenic nidus elicited from the resultant inflammatory respon ... | 2015 | 26294987 |
| synthesis and characterization with antineoplastic, biochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial studies of schiff base cu(ii) ion complexes. | copper(ii) complexes containing two schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol have been synthesized and characterized by means of analytical, magnetic, and spectroscopic methods. bacteria, fungus, entamoeba histolytica, and antineoplastic activities of the synthesized complexes have been determined by monitoring the parameters cell growth inhibition, survival time of tumour mice, time-body relation, causing of intraperitoneal cells and macrophage ... | 2015 | 26294901 |
| therapy of liver abscesses. | liver abscess (la) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening disease with significant morbidity and mortality. | 2014 | 26287275 |
| ethanol and isopropanol in concentrations present in hand sanitizers sharply reduce excystation of giardia and entamoeba and eliminate oral infectivity of giardia cysts in gerbils. | enteric protozoan parasites, which are spread by the fecal-oral route, are important causes of diarrhea (giardia duodenalis) and amebic dysentery (entamoeba histolytica). cyst walls of giardia and entamoeba have a single layer composed of fibrils of β-1,3-linked galnac and β-1,4-linked glcnac (chitin), respectively. the goal here was to determine whether hand sanitizers that contain ethanol or isopropanol as the active microbicide might reduce transmission of these parasites. we found that treat ... | 2015 | 26282413 |
| taking a bite: amoebic trogocytosis in entamoeba histolytica and beyond. | entamoeba histolytica is a diarrheal pathogen with the ability to cause profound host tissue damage. this organism possesses contact-dependent cell killing activity, which is likely to be a major contributor to tissue damage. e. histolytica trophozoites were recently shown to ingest fragments of living human cells. it was demonstrated that this process, termed amoebic trogocytosis, contributes to cell killing. recent advances in ex vivo and 3-d cell culture approaches have shed light on mechanis ... | 2015 | 26277085 |
| multiple amoebic liver abscess as initial manifestation in hiv sero-positive male. | amoebic liver abscess is the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of entamoeba histolytica infection. immunosuppression is known to predispose to amoebic liver abscess. although amoebic liver abscess is seen more commonly in patients of human-immunodeficiency virus (hiv), first presentation of hiv sero-positive patient as multiple liver abscess is quite uncommon.the author reports an unusual case of multiple liver abscesses in an hiv seropositive patient. this middle aged male with histo ... | 2015 | 26266151 |
| magnetic removal of entamoeba cysts from water using chitosan oligosaccharide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. | amebiasis, a major health problem in developing countries, is the second most common cause of death due to parasitic infection. amebiasis is usually transmitted by the ingestion of entamoeba histolytica cysts through oral-fecal route. herein, we report on the use of chitosan oligosaccharide-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient capture and removal of pathogenic protozoan cysts under the influence of an external magnetic field. these nanoparticles were synthesized through a chemic ... | 2015 | 26261417 |
| the effect of ifn-γ and tgf-β in the functional activity of mononuclear cells in the presence of entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) causes amoebiasis, which is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. phagocytic cells and cytokines appear to be important in amoebiasis, but very little is known about the influence of these cells and cytokines in protozoan infections. the aim of this study was to analyse the supernatant of cultures of mononuclear (mn) cells with e. histolytica to determine: 1) the levels of the cytokines ifn-γ and tgf-β, and 2) the amoebicidal activity of mn ce ... | 2015 | 26249205 |
| high throughput sequencing of entamoeba 27nt small rna population reveals role in permanent gene silencing but no effect on regulating gene expression changes during stage conversion, oxidative, or heat shock stress. | the human parasite entamoeba histolytica has an active rna interference (rnai) pathway with an extensive repertoire of 27nt small rnas that silence genes. however the role of this pathway in regulating amebic biology remains unknown. in this study, we address whether silencing via 27nt small rnas may be a mechanism for controlling gene expression changes during conversion between the trophozoite and cyst stages of the parasite. we sequenced small rna libraries generated from trophozoites, early ... | 2015 | 26248204 |
| post-transcriptional regulation of ribosomal protein genes during serum starvation in entamoeba histolytica. | ribosome synthesis involves all three rna polymerases which are co-ordinately regulated to produce equimolar amounts of rrnas and ribosomal proteins (rps). unlike model organisms where transcription of rrna and rp genes slows down during stress, in e. histolytica rdna transcription continues but pre-rrna processing slows down and unprocessed pre-rrna accumulates during serum starvation. to investigate the regulation of rp genes under stress we measured transcription of six selected rp genes from ... | 2015 | 26247142 |
| ehvps32 is a vacuole-associated protein involved in pinocytosis and phagocytosis of entamoeaba histolytica. | here, we investigated the role of ehvps32 protein (a member of the endosomal-sorting complex required for transport) in endocytosis of entamoeba histolytica, a professional phagocyte. confocal microscopy, tem and cell fractionation revealed ehvps32 in cytoplasmic vesicles and also located adjacent to the plasma membrane. between 5 to 30 min of phagocytosis, ehvps32 was detected on some erythrocytes-containing phagosomes of acidic nature, and at 60 min it returned to cytoplasmic vesicles and also ... | 2015 | 26230715 |
| a single rnaseiii domain protein from entamoeba histolytica has dsrna cleavage activity and can help mediate rnai gene silencing in a heterologous system. | dicer enzymes process double-stranded rna (dsrna) into small rnas that target gene silencing through the rna interference (rnai) pathway. dicer enzymes are complex, multi-domain rnaseiii proteins, however structural minimalism of this protein has recently emerged in parasitic and fungal systems. the most minimal dicer, saccharomyces castellii dicer1, has a single rnaseiii domain and two double stranded rna binding domains. in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica 27nt small rnas are abund ... | 2015 | 26230096 |
| possible hematological changes associated with acute gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in gaza. | gastroenteritis is considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children especially in developing countries. it is a major childhood problem in gaza and one of the most common etiologic agents of iron deficiency anemia (ida). | 2017 | 26229719 |
| data set for the proteomics analysis of the endomembrane system from the unicellular entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite agent of amebiasis, an infectious disease of the human intestine and liver. this parasite contact and kills human cells by an active process involving pathogenic factors. cellular traffic and secretion activities are poorly characterized in e. histolytica. in this work, we took advantage of a wide proteomic analysis to search for principal components of the endomembrane system in e. histolytica. a total of 5683 peptides matching with 1531 proteins ... | 2014 | 26217682 |
| serosurvey of entamoeba histolytica exposure among tepehuanos population in durango, mexico. | the seroepidemiology of entamoeba histolytica infection in tepehuanos population in mexico is largely unknown. this study aimed to study the seroprevalence and correlates of e. histolytica antibodies in tepehuanos in durango, mexico. through a cross-sectional study, we determined the frequency of e. histolytica igg antibodies in 156 tepehuanos people in durango, mexico using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. furthermore, we studied the association of e. histolytica seroprevalence with the socio-demo ... | 2015 | 26199578 |
| antiamoebic and antigiardial activity of clerodane diterpenes from mexican salvia species used for the treatment of diarrhea. | terpenoids from salvia species have been identified to possess biological properties as antiprotozoal agents. here, we evaluated the antiamoebic and antigiardial activities of 14 known clerodane and modified clerodane-type diterpenes isolated from five mexican salvia species against entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia, and analyzed the effects of the functionalities in decalin ring or in the whole clerodane framework to visualize the structural requirements necessary to produce an antiprot ... | 2015 | 26190323 |
| metronidazole hydrazone conjugates: design, synthesis, antiamoebic and molecular docking studies. | metronidazole hydrazone conjugates (2-13) were synthesized and screened in vitro for antiamoebic activity against hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. six compounds were found to be better inhibitors of e. histolytica than the reference drug metronidazole. these compounds showed greater than 50-60% viability against hela cervical cancer cell line after 72 h treatment. also, molecular docking study was undertaken on e. histolytica thioredoxin reductase (ehthrase) protein which showed signif ... | 2015 | 26174554 |
| molecular biology research to benefit patients with entamoeba histolytica infection. | the development of molecular microbiology has made it possible for us to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of amebiasis. research using the trophozoite form of entamoeba histolytica has clearly shown us the importance of the interface between the parasite and host cells in vitro. immuno-pathogenesis after excystation was similarly well advanced by the use of a novel murine model of amebic colitis. however, it is still challenging to apply these findings to clinical and epidemiological ... | 2015 | 26173474 |
| dimethylated h3k27 is a repressive epigenetic histone mark in the protist entamoeba histolytica and is significantly enriched in genes silenced via the rnai pathway. | rna interference (rnai) is a fundamental biological process that plays a crucial role in regulation of gene expression in many organisms. transcriptional gene silencing (tgs) is one of the important nuclear roles of rnai. our previous data show that entamoeba histolytica has a robust rnai pathway that links to tgs via argonaute 2-2 (ago2-2) associated 27-nucleotide small rnas with 5'-polyphosphate termini. here, we report the first repressive histone mark to be identified in e. histolytica, dime ... | 2015 | 26149683 |
| in entamoeba histolytica, a bspa family protein is required for chemotaxis toward tumour necrosis factor. | entamoeba histolytica cell migration is essential for the development of human amoebiasis (an infectious disease characterized by tissue invasion and destruction). the tissue inflammation associated with tumour necrosis factor (tnf) secretion by host cells is a well-documented feature of amoebiasis. tumour necrosis factor is a chemoattractant for e. histolytica, and the parasite may have a tnf receptor at its cell surface. | 2015 | 28357299 |
| entamoeba histolytica - tumor necrosis factor: a fatal attraction. | | 2015 | 28357296 |
| magnetic resonance imaging of pathogenic protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. | the aim of this study was to establish a noninvasive tracking of the pathogenic parasite entamoeba histolytica (eh) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (spio) labeling by magnetic resonance imaging (mri) on a single-cell level in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for amebic liver abscess (ala). | 2015 | 26135016 |
| detection of entamoeba histolytica by recombinase polymerase amplification. | amebiasis is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and has been associated with childhood malnutrition. traditional microscopy approaches are neither sensitive nor specific for entamoeba histolytica. antigen assays are more specific, but many cases are missed unless tested by molecular methods. although polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is effective, the need for sophisticated, expensive equipment, infrastructure, and trained personnel limits its usefulness, especially in the resource- ... | 2015 | 26123960 |
| [drainage of amoebic liver abscess by single incision laparoscopic surgery. report of a case]. | single incision laparoscopic surgery has increased recently due to successful results, achieved in several procedures. the aim of the present work is to present the first case in which single incision laparoscopy is used for the drainage of an amoebic liver abscess. | 2015 | 26118779 |
| molecular detection of the carriage rate of four intestinal protozoa with real-time polymerase chain reaction: possible overdiagnosis of entamoeba histolytica in nigeria. | diarrhea remains the second largest killer of children worldwide, and nigeria ranks number two on the list of global deaths attributable to diarrhea. meanwhile, prevalence studies on potentially diarrheagenic protozoa in asymptomatic carriers using molecular detection methods remain scarce in sub-saharan countries. to overcome sensitivity issues related to microscopic detection and identification of cysts in stool concentrates, real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to analyze genomi ... | 2015 | 26101274 |
| insights into endosomal maturation of human holo-transferrin in the enteric parasite entamoeba histolytica: essential roles of rab7a and rab5 in biogenesis of giant early endocytic vacuoles. | the pathogenic amoeba entamoeba histolytica is one of the causative agents of health hazards in tropical countries. it causes amoebic dysentery, colitis and liver abscesses in human. iron is one of the essential nutritional resources for survival and chronic infection caused by the amoeba. the parasite has developed multiple ways to import, sequester and utilize iron from various iron-binding proteins from its host. in spite of its central role in pathogenesis, the mechanism of iron uptake by th ... | 2015 | 26096601 |
| protection against amoebic liver abscess in hamster by intramuscular immunization with an autographa californica baculovirus driving the expression of the gal-lectin lc3 fragment. | in a previous study, we demonstrated that oral immunization using autographa californica baculovirus driving the expression of the gal-lectin lc3 fragment (acnpv-lc3) of entamoeba histolytica conferred protection against ala development in hamsters. in this study, we determined the ability of acnpv-lc3 to protect against ala by the intramuscular route as well as the liver immune response associated with protection. results showed that 55% of hamsters im immunized with acnpv-lc3 showed sterile pr ... | 2015 | 26090442 |
| binding and endocytosis of bovine hololactoferrin by the parasite entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is a human parasite that requires iron (fe) for its metabolic function and virulence. bovine lactoferrin (b-lf) and its peptides can be found in the digestive tract after dairy products are ingested. the aim of this study was to compare virulent trophozoites recently isolated from hamster liver abscesses with nonvirulent trophozoites maintained for more than 30 years in cultures in vitro regarding their interaction with iron-charged b-lf (b-holo-lf). we performed growth kin ... | 2015 | 26090404 |
| cytotoxicity of protein-carbon nanotubes on j774 macrophages is a functionalization grade-dependent effect. | carbon nanotubes (cnts) are used as carriers in medicine due to their ability to be functionalized with chemical substances. however, cytotoxicity analysis is required prior to use for in vivo models. the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cnts functionalized with a 46 kda surface protein from entamoeba histolytica (p46-cnts) on j774a macrophages. with this purpose, cnts were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and purified (p-cnts) using sonication for 48 h. a 46 kda protein, ... | 2015 | 26075262 |
| chew on this: amoebic trogocytosis and host cell killing by entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica was named 'histolytica' (from histo-, 'tissue'; lytic-, 'dissolving') for its ability to destroy host tissues. direct killing of host cells by the amoebae is likely to be the driving factor that underlies tissue destruction, but the mechanism was unclear. we recently showed that, after attaching to host cells, amoebae bite off and ingest distinct host cell fragments, and that this contributes to cell killing. we review this process, termed 'amoebic trogocytosis' (trogo-, 'n ... | 2015 | 26070402 |
| potential amoebicidal activity of hydrazone derivatives: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical behavior, theoretical study and evaluation of the biological activity. | four new hydrazones were synthesized by the condensation of the selected hydrazine and the appropriate nitrobenzaldehyde. a complete characterization was done employing 1h- and 13c-nmr, electrochemical techniques and theoretical studies. after the characterization and electrochemical analysis of each compound, amoebicidal activity was tested in vitro against the hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. the results showed the influence of the nitrobenzene group and the hydrazone linkage on the a ... | 2015 | 26035095 |
| heat shock protein 90 inhibitors repurposed against entamoeba histolytica. | hsp90 is an essential chaperone responsible for trafficking a vast array of client proteins, which are substrates that hsp90 regulates in eukaryotic cells under stress conditions. the atp-binding n-terminal domain of hsp90 (also known as a ghkl type atpase domain) can serve as a specific drug target, because sufficient structural diversity in the atp-binding pocket of hsp90 allows for ortholog selectivity of hsp90 inhibitors. the primary objective of this study is to identify inhibitors specific ... | 2015 | 26029171 |
| synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity of chalcones bearing n-substituted ethanamine tail. | a series of chalcones (4-21) possessing n-substituted ethanamine were synthesized by the aldol condensation reaction of 1-(4-(2-substituted ethoxy)phenyl)ethanones with different aldehydes preceded by the reaction of 2-chloro n-substituted ethanamine hydrochloride and 4-hydroxy acetophenone. the structure of all the synthesized compounds was elucidated by various spectral and x-ray diffraction studies. the compounds were screened against hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica and cytotoxicity ... | 2015 | 26021707 |
| palladium(ii) complexes of os donor n-(di(butyl/phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide and their antiamoebic activity. | two promising palladium(ii) compounds of general formula, cis-[pd(l-o,s)2] [where hl-o,s = n-(di(butyl/phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide] as metal based antiamoebic drug candidates, have been synthesized. both complexes are characterized in the solid state by ft-ir spectroscopy, tga and single crystal x-ray study, as well as in solution by other spectroscopic techniques such as (1)h and (13)c nmr, and uv-visible. all these studies confirm the coordination of ligands through oxygen and sulphur atoms ... | 2015 | 26005916 |
| parasitism in children aged three years and under: relationship between infection and growth in rural coastal kenya. | parasitic infections, which are among the most common infections worldwide, disproportionately affect children; however, little is known about the impact of parasitic disease on growth in very early childhood. our objective was to document the prevalence of parasitic infections and examine their association with growth during the first three years of life among children in coastal kenya. | 2015 | 25996157 |
| a rare case of multilocus brain abscess due to entamoeba histolytica infection in a child. | | 2015 | 25987125 |
| entamoeba mitosomes play an important role in encystation by association with cholesteryl sulfate synthesis. | hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are mitochondrion-related organelles (mros) that have highly reduced and divergent functions in anaerobic/microaerophilic eukaryotes. entamoeba histolytica, a microaerophilic, parasitic amoebozoan species, which causes intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis in humans, possesses mitosomes, the existence and biological functions of which have been a longstanding enigma in the evolution of mitochondria. we previously demonstrated that sulfate activation, which is not ... | 2015 | 25986376 |
| amoeboma-lest we forget!!! | amoebiasis is an infection with the parasitic intestinal protozoan entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica). most infections are usually asymptomatic, but the disease spectrum can range from dysentery to extraintestinal infections, including liver abscesses. the management of a 68-year-old male with amoeboma, a rare manifestation of intestinal amoebiasis, is described along with a review of literature. | 2015 | 25972693 |
| [coecum amoebiasis can be a rare manifestation of entamoeba histolytica infection]. | a 58-year-old danish male was admitted to hospital with acute abdominal pain. laparoscopy showed a normal appendix. however, a tumour in the ascending colon was found and hemicolectomy was performed. pathological examination showed deep ulcerations with undermined edges and massive inflammation and necrosis. periodic acid schiff (pas)-positive amoebae trophozoites were identified, and the patient was diagnosed with and treated for amoebiasis. the patient had not been abroad for 14 years but he w ... | 2015 | 25967092 |
| iron status of schoolchildren (6-15 years) and associated factors in rural nigeria. | schoolchildren are vulnerable to anaemia because of their higher iron need to meet the demands of puberty and adolescence. | 2015 | 25952679 |
| structure of an adp-ribosylation factor, arf1, from entamoeba histolytica bound to mg(2+)-gdp. | entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis, a diarrheal disease which causes amoebic liver abscesses and amoebic colitis. approximately 50 million people are infected worldwide with e. histolytica. with only 10% of infected people developing symptomatic amebiasis, there are still an estimated 100,000 deaths each year. because of the emergence of resistant strains of the parasite, it is necessary to find a treatment which would be a proper response to this challenge. adp-ribosyla ... | 2015 | 25945714 |
| structures of a histidine triad family protein from entamoeba histolytica bound to sulfate, amp and gmp. | three structures of the histidine triad family protein from entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic dysentery, were solved at high resolution within the seattle structural genomics center for infectious disease (ssgcid). the structures have sulfate (pdb entry 3oj7), amp (pdb entry 3omf) or gmp (pdb entry 3oxk) bound in the active site, with sulfate occupying the same space as the α-phosphate of the two nucleotides. the c(α) backbones of the three structures are nearly superimposabl ... | 2015 | 25945711 |
| characterization of ph-induced transitions of entamoeba histolytica d-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. | entamoeba histolytica d-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (ehpgdh) exists as a functionally active homodimer at ph 7. our earlier studies have shown that ionic interactions are essentially required for the oligomeric status and activity of the protein. present study focuses on ph associated structural modulations of ehpgdh. far-uv cd spectra showed loss in the secondary structure of the protein as a function of low ph, however, the protein was not completely unfolded even at ph 2. energy minimized ... | 2015 | 25944370 |
| amino acid residues leu135 and tyr236 are required for rna binding activity of cfim25 in entamoeba histolytica. | pre-mrna 3' end processing in the nucleus is essential for mrna stability, efficient nuclear transport, and translation in eukaryotic cells. in human, the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery contains the 25 kda subunit of the cleavage factor im (cfim25), which specifically recognizes two ugua elements and regulates the assembly of polyadenylation factors, poly(a) site selection and polyadenylation. in entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis, ehcfim25 has bee ... | 2015 | 25941172 |
| detection and molecular characterisation of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba spp. among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in gambo hospital, oromia region, southern ethiopia. | to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of the enteric protozoa species g. duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms compatible with infections by these pathogens seeking medical attention in a rural area in southern ethiopia. | 2015 | 25939247 |
| atg8 is involved in endosomal and phagosomal acidification in the parasitic protist entamoeba histolytica. | autophagy is one of two major bulk protein degradation systems and is conserved throughout eukaryotes. the protozoan entamoeba histolytica, which is a human intestinal parasite, possesses a restricted set of autophagy-related (atg) proteins compared with other eukaryotes and thus represents a suitable model organism for studying the minimal essential components and ancestral functions of autophagy. e. histolytica possesses two conjugation systems: atg8 and atg5/12, although a gene encoding atg12 ... | 2015 | 25923949 |
| [amoebic liver abscess in a patient initially diagnosed with pneumonia: case report and discussion of relevant literature]. | in one-third of the patients with amoebiasis, amoebic liver abscess (ala) may occur after the penetration of amoebic trophozoites through the intestinal wall. ala is seen mostly among men aged 20-45 years with a serious clinical outcome, with fever and abdominal pain on the right upper quadrant. most patients have no recent history of amoebic colitis; indeed, they have neither gastrointestinal complaints nor entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) cysts/trophozoites in their stools. therefore, ul ... | 2015 | 25917589 |
| identification of entamoeba histolytica by molecular method in surface water of rasht city, iran. | this study was conducted with the aim of determining surface water contamination with cysts of entamoeba histolytica using pcr in rasht city, northern iran. | 2015 | 25905058 |
| entamoeba histolytica: protein arginine transferase 1a methylates arginine residues and potentially modify the h4 histone. | in eukaryotes, histone arginine methylation associates with both active and repressed chromatin states depending on the residues involved and the status of methylation. even when the amino-terminus of entamoeba histolytica histones diverge from metazoan sequences, these regions contain arginine residues that are potential targets for methylation. however, histone arginine methylation as well as the activity of arginine methyltransferases (prmts) has not been studied in this parasite. the aim of ... | 2015 | 25889855 |
| entamoeba histolytica rhomboid protease 1 has a role in migration and motility as validated by two independent genetic approaches. | rhomboid proteins represent a recently discovered family of intramembrane proteases present in a broad range of organisms and with increasing links to human diseases. the enteric parasite entamoeba histolytica has evolved multiple mechanisms to adapt to the human host environment and establish infection. our recent studies identified ehrom1 as a functional e. histolytica rhomboid protease with roles in adhesion to and phagocytosis of host cells. since those studies were performed in a non-virule ... | 2015 | 25889553 |
| chemokine levels and parasite- and allergen-specific antibody responses in children and adults with severe or uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. | chemokine and antibody response profiles were investigated in children and adults with severe or uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria; the aim was to reveal which profiles are associated with severe disease, as often seen in nonimmune children, or with mild and uncomplicated disease, as seen in semi-immune adults. blood samples were obtained from children under 5 years of age as well as adults with falciparum malaria. classification of malaria was performed according to parasite densities ... | 2015 | 25883801 |
| seroepidemiology of entamoeba histolytica infection in general population in rural durango, mexico. | the seroepidemiology of entamoeba histolytica in mexico has been scantily studied. the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and correlates of e. histolytica antibodies in adults in rural areas in durango, mexico. | 2015 | 25883706 |
| assessments of immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects against induction of entamoeba histolytica (hm1 ims strain) crude extract antigen in complete freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis female wistar rats. | today it is well known about mechanisms of cell communication, how the cells that mediate immune response and tissue injury accumulate in tissues but the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is still unknown. this study was to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of crude entamoeba histolytica (hm1 ims strain) antigen in complete freund's adjuvant female wistar rats by studying the alterations in humoral and cell mediated immune responses and also the inflammatory effects by evaluating the change ... | 2015 | 25881902 |
| antiprotozoal nitazoxanide derivatives: synthesis, bioassays and qsar study combined with docking for mechanistic insight. | in view of the serious health problems concerning infectious diseases in heavily populated areas, we followed the strategy of lead compound diversification to evaluate the near-by chemical space for new organic compounds. to this end, twenty derivatives of nitazoxanide (ntz) were synthesized and tested for activity against entamoeba histolytica parasites. to ensure drug-likeliness and activity relatedness of the new compounds, the synthetic work was assisted by a quantitative structure-activity ... | 2015 | 25872791 |
| roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut. | the gastrointestinal tract is coated by a thick layer of mucus that forms the front line of innate host defense. mucus consists of high molecular weight glycoproteins called mucins that are synthesized and secreted by goblet cells and functions primarily to lubricate the epithelium and protect it from damage by noxious substances. recent studies have also suggested the involvement of goblet cells and mucins in complex immune functions such as antigen presentation and tolerance. under normal phys ... | 2015 | 25838985 |
| correction: crystal structure of calcium binding protein-5 from entamoeba histolytica and its involvement in initiation of phagocytosis of human erythrocytes. | | 2015 | 25816121 |
| pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as novel inhibitors of o-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase of entamoeba histolytica: an in silico study. | amoebiasis, a worldwide explosive epidemic, caused by the gastrointestinal anaerobic protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, infects the large intestine and, in advance stages, liver, kidney, brain and lung. metronidazole (mnz)-the first line medicament against amoebiasis-is potentially carcinogenic to humans and shows significant side-effects. pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds have been reported to demonstrate antiamoebic activity. in silico molecular docking simulations on nine pyrazolo[3, ... | 2015 | 25799964 |
| homology modeling of mdr1 gene mdr1_enthi of e. histolytica & its molecular docking with anti-entamoeba histolytica agents. | to investigate the theoretical model of the three-dimensional structure of multidrug resistance protein 1(p-glycoprotein, expressed by mdr1 gene of e. histolytica) and its molecular docking with anti-amoebic agents. the theoretical model of multidrug resistance protein 1(p-glyoprotein, expressed by mdr1 gene of e. histolytica) was predicted by homology modeling on the structure of the 3g61. docking studies were performed to investigate the interaction of p-glycoprotein with antiamoebic gents. mr ... | 2015 | 25786505 |
| functional correlation of medicinal chemistry and entamoeba histolytica treatment: an emphasis on the past, present and future chemotherapy. | entamoeba being an internal parasite is the causative organism of many human and animal infections with lethal consequences. chemotherapy against entamoeba was well established by both synthetic and natural products. vigorous attainments were made by different researchers all over the world for discovering better chemical entities and the potent formulations. preexisting compounds were developed into non-cytotoxic and with an enhanced therapeutic compounds by usage of multiparametric optimizatio ... | 2015 | 25769970 |
| enteric pathogens of food sellers in rural gambia with incidental finding of myxobolus species (protozoa: myxozoa). | ongoing surveillance of enteric pathogens of public health significance among casual food sellers is undertaken in many resource-limited countries. we report the results of a survey in kiang west province, the gambia, and provide an exemplar methodology for such surveys in resource-limited laboratories. | 2015 | 25758855 |
| a rare case of multilocus brain abscess due to entamoeba histolytica infection in a child. | brain abscess due to entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) may pose a diagnostic problem or a therapeutic challenge, as evidenced by the paucity of papers reporting complete recovery after treatment. an 11-year-old girl presented with progressive drowsiness, diminished movements of the left upper limb, and swallowing problems. cranial mri showed multiple, contrast-dense masses with fluid content. she was started on meropenem. surgical drainage was performed. no bacterial or fungal growth was ob ... | 2015 | 25737180 |
| small gtpase rab21 mediates fibronectin induced actin reorganization in entamoeba histolytica: implications in pathogen invasion. | the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes a wide spectrum of intestinal infections. in severe cases, the trophozoites can breach the mucosal barrier, invade the intestinal epithelium and travel via the portal circulation to the liver, where they cause hepatic abscesses, which can prove fatal if left untreated. the host extra cellular matrix (ecm) plays a crucial role in amoebic invasion by triggering an array of cellular responses in the parasite, including induction of actin rich adhe ... | 2015 | 25730114 |
| new enzymatic pathways for the reduction of reactive oxygen species in entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal parasite that is the causative agent of amoebiasis, is exposed to elevated amounts of highly toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during tissue invasion. a flavodiiron protein and a rubrerythrin have been characterized in this human pathogen, although their physiological reductants have not been identified. | 2015 | 25725270 |
| a novel mitosomal β-barrel outer membrane protein in entamoeba. | entamoeba possesses a highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelle known as the mitosome. here, we report the discovery of a novel protein in entamoeba, which we name mitosomal β-barrel outer membrane protein of 30 kda (mbomp30). initially identified through in silico analysis, we experimentally confirmed that mbomp30 is indeed a β-barrel protein. circular dichroism analysis showed mbomp30 has a predominant β-sheet structure. localization to entamoeba histolytica mitosomes was observed throu ... | 2015 | 25711150 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites among the population of the gaza strip, palestine. | intestinal parasitic diseases in gaza strip are a significant health problem. the main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection among patients in the five governorates of the gaza strip. a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted on 600 patients. stool specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasite eggs or larvae/cysts per wet amount by the saline iodine and formol-ether concentration method. of 600 subjects examined, 245 (40.8%) w ... | 2014 | 25706427 |
| a new anthraquinone from morinda elliptica ridl. | a new anthraquinone, morinquinone, together with 18 known anthraquinones were isolated from the stems of morinda elliptica ridl. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. they each showed weak inhibitory activity against a susceptible strain of staphylococcus aureus and a methicillin-resistant s. aureus. damnacanthal was effective against microsporum gypseum (mic 1 μg/ml). lucidin was active against entamoeba histolytica (mic 31.25 μg/ml) and giardia intestinalis (mic ... | 2015 | 25686628 |
| molecular and functional characterisation of a stress responsive cysteine protease, ehcp6 from entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica cysteine protease 6 (ehcp6) is a stress responsive cysteine protease that is upregulated in response to heat shock and during pathogen invasion of the host tissue. in the present study an attempt has been made to express and purify recombinant ehcp6 in order to gain insights into its biochemical properties. the recombinant and refolded protein has been shown to undergo autoproteolysis in the presence of dtt and sds to give rise to ∼25kda mature form. the mature form of the ... | 2015 | 25680771 |
| a pcr-rflp method for the simultaneous differentiation of three entamoeba species. | amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica continues to be one of the most common parasitic diseases in the developing world. despite its relevance, due to the lack of accurate diagnostic methods, the true clinical and public health importance of this parasite remains uncertain. the aim of this study was to develop a new diagnostic tool to differentiate e.histolytica from the morphologically undistinguishable e.dispar and e.moshkovskii. we developed a specific, fast and simple pcr-rflp method th ... | 2015 | 25680279 |
| importance of microscopic stool examination in patients with diarrhoea. | loose motion is a common symptom in patients reporting to our hospital. as it is a small set up where only facility for microscopic stool examination is available, we designed this study to know how much microscopic stool examination can help us in management of patients with diarrhoea. | 2015 | 25672169 |
| entamoeba histolytica: adhesins and lectins in the trophozoite surface. | entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in humans and is responsible for 100,000 deaths annually, making it the third leading cause of death due to a protozoan parasite. pathogenesis appears to result from the potent cytotoxic activity of the parasite, which kills host cells within minutes. although the mechanism is unknown, it is well established to be contact-dependent. the life cycle of the parasite alternates with two forms: the resistant cyst and the invasive trophozoite. ... | 2015 | 25671365 |
| comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests, elisa, microscopy and pcr for the detection of giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in feces. | microscopy is the diagnostic reference standard for the detection of parasites, but it is labor-intensive and requires experience. rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) can provide an alternative to microscopy. | 2015 | 25615719 |
| maintenance of intracellular hypoxia and adequate heat shock response are essential requirements for pathogenicity and virulence of entamoeba histolytica. | adhesion to cells, cytotoxicity and proteolysis are functions required for virulence and pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica. however, there was no correlation between these in vitro functions and the early elimination of non-pathogenic e. dispar and non-virulent e. histolytica (nveh) in experimental amoebic liver abscesses developed in hamsters. thus, additional functions may be involved in amoebic pathogenicity and virulence. in the present study, an integral experimental assessment, includ ... | 2015 | 25611463 |
| is the evaluation of entamoeba histolytica infection in hiv-positive patients of any clinical significance? | amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) is one of the most problematic parasitic infections worldwide. data regarding the effect of hiv-induced immunodeficiency on the status of e. histolytica infection are sparse in iran. this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-e. histolytica igg among iranian hiv patients. further, it determined whether the advancement of immunodeficiency accompanies an increased risk of amoebiasis. a total of 91 hiv-infected patients and 91 c ... | 2015 | 25597605 |
| prevalence of hiv infection and risky sexual practices among adult males with travel-associated entamoeba histolytica infection in taiwan, 2006-2013. | | 2015 | 25593040 |
| notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by shigella flexneri - american samoa, may-june 2014. | on may 9, 2014, a physician at hospital a in american samoa noticed an abnormally high number of children presenting to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea. based on preliminary testing of stool specimens, entamoeba histolytica infection was suspected as a possible cause. shigella was also suspected in a subset of samples. on may 22, the american samoa department of health requested assistance from cdc with the outbreak investigation. the goals of the investigation were to establish th ... | 2015 | 25590684 |
| copro prevalence and estimated risk of entamoeba histolytica in diarrheic patients at beni-suef, egypt. | amoebiasis diagnosis is usually based on microscopy that cannot differentiate pathogenic e. histolytica from morphologically identical non-pathogenic species. 194 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic &/or dysenteric patients and examined for entamoeba complex microscopically, e. histolytica/e. dispar coproantigen using ict and e. histolytica coproantigen using tech lab e. histolytica ii elisa test. entamoeba complex trophozoites/cysts, e. histolytica/e. dispar coproantigen and e. histolyt ... | 2015 | 25542044 |
| entamoeba histolytica racc selectively engages p21-activated kinase effectors. | rho family gtpases modulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by signaling through multiple effectors, including the p21-activated kinases (paks). the intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica expresses ∼20 rho family gtpases and seven isoforms of pak, two of which have been implicated in pathogenesis-related processes such as amoebic motility and invasion and host cell phagocytosis. here, we describe two previously unstudied pak isoforms, ehpak4 and ehpak5, as highly specific effectors of ehracc. a s ... | 2015 | 25529118 |
| antiprotozoal activity against entamoeba histolytica of plants used in northeast mexican traditional medicine. bioactive compounds from lippia graveolens and ruta chalepensis. | amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. we collected 32 plants used in northeast mex ... | 2014 | 25517343 |
| leptin receptor mutation results in defective neutrophil recruitment to the colon during entamoeba histolytica infection. | amebiasis is an enteric infection caused by entamoeba histolytica, with symptoms ranging in severity from asymptomatic colonization to dysentery. humans with the q223r leptin receptor mutation have increased susceptibility to amebiasis, but the mechanism has been unclear. using a mouse model expressing the mutation, we tested the impact of the q223r mutation on the innate immune response to e. histolytica infection. the 223r mutation resulted in delayed clearance of amebae from the cecum, as had ... | 2014 | 25516614 |
| evolutionary genomics and population structure of entamoeba histolytica. | amoebiasis caused by the gastrointestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica has diverse disease outcomes. study of genome and evolution of this fascinating parasite will help us to understand the basis of its virulence and explain why, when and how it causes diseases. in this review, we have summarized current knowledge regarding evolutionary genomics of e. histolytica and discussed their association with parasite phenotypes and its differential pathogenic behavior. how genetic diversity reveals pa ... | 2014 | 25505504 |
| crystal structure of calcium binding protein-5 from entamoeba histolytica and its involvement in initiation of phagocytosis of human erythrocytes. | entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of human amoebic colitis and liver abscess, and causes a high level of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. there are a number of studies that have shown a crucial role for ca2+ and its binding protein in amoebic biology. ehcabp5 is one of the ef hand calcium-binding proteins of e. histolytica. we have determined the crystal structure of ehcabp5 at 1.9 å resolution in the ca2+-bound state, which shows an unconvent ... | 2014 | 25502654 |
| modulation of endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor (icp) 1 expression in entamoeba histolytica affects amoebic adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. | entamoeba histolytica is an enteric tissue-invading protozoan parasite that causes amoebic colitis and occasionally liver abscess in humans. during tissue invasion, amoebic adhesion to host components is an important event for host cell death leading to successful invasion and infection. among amoebic virulence factors, gal/galnac lectin is known to be major adhesion factor to host cells. in this study, we investigated the role of amoebic secreted cp (cysteine proteases) in amoebic adhesion to e ... | 2015 | 25500214 |
| regulation of serum-responsive transmembrane kinase ehtmkb1-9 by an unsaturated lipid, oleic acid in protistan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | transmembrane kinases of entamoeba histolytica are known to play a wide range of roles from virulence, phagocytosis, and proliferation to stress response. transmembrane kinase ehtmkb1-9 is thought to be involved in early proliferative response and it was originally identified as a serum inducible gene. ability to stimulate ehtmkb1 expression of serum starved cells resides in unsaturated fatty acids associated with albumin fraction of serum and the mechanism of stimulation follows activation of e ... | 2014 | 25497959 |
| ascaris spp. and capillaria caudinflata infections in captive-bred crested ibis (nipponia nippon) in china. | crested ibis (nipponia nippon), an endan gered native bird, was called the "precious stone" of oriental birds. n. nippon was considered a critically endangered species in the iucn red list of threatened species and a first-class national protected animal in china. the chinese government had exerted considerable effort to protect the n. nippon population. an effective approach to increase the number of these birds was captive breeding. however, several pathogens, including parasites, could jeopar ... | 2015 | 25486916 |
| amebiasis presenting as acute appendicitis: report of a case and review of japanese literature. | outside of these high-risk regions, acute amebic appendicitis is considerably rarer and the mortality rate is much higher than with non-amebic appendicitis. | 2014 | 25460473 |
| [colonic perforation due to invasive amebic colitis during anti-tnf therapy for spondyloarthritis]. | tnf blockade has been successful in the treatment of some rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis. many infectious complications have been reported with anti-tnf therapy, mainly bacterial, mycobacterial, viral and fungal infections. entamoeba histolytica is an extracellular protozoan parasite that mainly causes colitis and hepatic abscess; bowel perforation is an uncommon complication with high mortality. tnf is considered the principal mediator of cell immunity against amebiasis. initially ... | 2016 | 25458030 |
| immunization with the entamoeba histolytica surface metalloprotease ehmsp-1 protects hamsters from amebic liver abscess. | diarrhea and amebic liver abscesses due to invasive entamoeba histolytica infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. entamoeba histolytica adherence and cell migration, two phenotypes linked to virulence, are both aberrant in trophozoites deficient in the metallosurface protease ehmsp-1, which is a homologue of the leishmania vaccine candidate leishmanolysin (gp63). we examined the potential of ehmsp-1 for use as a vaccine antigen to protect against ame ... | 2015 | 25452550 |
| crystal structures of entamoeba histolytica lysyl-trna synthetase reveal conformational changes upon lysine binding and a specific helix bundle domain. | the class ii lysyl-trna synthetases (krs) are conserved aminoacyl-trna synthetases that attach lysine to the cognate trna in a two-step mechanism. the enzyme from the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica was crystallized in the presence of small ligands to generate snapshots of the lysine-adenylate formation. the residues involved in lysine activation are highly conserved and the active site closes around the lysyl-adenylate, as observed in bacterial krs. the entamoeba emapii-like polypepti ... | 2014 | 25448989 |
| multisite clinical evaluation of a rapid test for entamoeba histolytica in stool. | rapid point-of-care detection of enteric protozoa in diarrheal stool is desirable in clinical and research settings to efficiently determine the etiology of diarrhea. we analyzed the ability of the third-generation e. histolytica quik chek assay developed by techlab to detect amebic antigens in fecal samples collected from independent study populations in south africa and bangladesh. we compared the performance of this recently released rapid test to that of the commercially available prospect e ... | 2015 | 25428152 |
| immune markers characteristic for asymptomatically infected and diseased entamoeba histolytica individuals and their relation to sex. | the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) usually asymptomatically colonizes the human intestine. in the minority of the cases, the parasite evades from the gut and can induce severe symptoms like colitis or amebic liver abscess (ala). interestingly, ala predominates in adult men despite a higher prevalence of the parasite in women. the present study aimed to identify characteristic serum markers in a unique cohort of clearly defined asymptomatically infected e. histolytica i ... | 2014 | 25420932 |
| [entamoeba histolytica: erythrocyt e phagocytosis and capture distance]. | | 2016 | 25418666 |
| [the current view of the diagnosis and management of amebiasis in the light of the authors own case reports]. | this comprehensive review is focused on a serious protozoan disease, amebiasis. this disease is caused by the human parasite entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica), the second leading cause of mortality due to protozoan disease worldwide (the leading cause is malaria). the incidence of amebiasis in the czech republic is very low, but it may be underreported as the disease often escapes diagnosis. intestinal colonisation by e. histolytica may be asymptomatic. the clinical picture ranges from diar ... | 2014 | 25412488 |
| headache following occipital brain lesion: a case of migraine triggered by occipital spikes? | this study describes the case of an 8-year-old boy who developed a genuine migraine after the surgical excision, from the right occipital lobe, of brain abscesses due to selective infestation of the cerebrum by entamoeba histolytica. after the surgical treatment, the boy presented daily headaches with typical migraine features, including right-side parieto-temporal pain, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. electroencephalography (eeg) showed epileptiform discharges in the right occipital lobe, al ... | 2015 | 25406125 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in renal transplant recipients presenting with acute diarrhea at a single center in pakistan. | cryptosporidium is an intracellular protozoan organism which causes diarrhea, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. renal transplant recipients are prone to develop a variety of infections including protozoal infections. | 2014 | 25374881 |
| structure-based identification of inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase from entamoeba histolytica. | inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase from entamoeba histolytica (ehippase) is an mg(2+)-dependent and li(+)-sensitive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inositol 1,4-bisphosphate [ins(1,4)p2] into myo-inositol 1-monophosphate and po4(3-). in the present work, ehippase has been biochemically identified and its crystal structure has been determined in the presence of mg(2+) and po4(3-) at 2.5 å resolution. this enzyme was previously classified as a 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase in the n ... | 2014 | 25372691 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of l-cysteine metabolism: physiological role and fate of l-cysteine in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | l-cysteine is essential for virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. besides having a role in the synthesis of virtually all proteins and of taurine, cysteamine, glutathione, and other redox-regulating proteins, l-cysteine has important functions under anaerobic/microaerophilic conditions. in anaerobic or microaerophilic protozoan parasites, such as entamoeba histolytica, l-cysteine has been implicated in growth, attachment, survival, and protection from oxidative stre ... | 2014 | 25370494 |