| mode of action and specificity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the control of caterpillars and stink bugs in soybean culture. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. in brazil, the introduction of bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. however, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in ... | 2014 | 24575310 |
| cellular responses in bacillus thuringiensis cs33 during bacteriophage btcs33 infection. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely used for 50years as a biopesticide for controlling insect pests. however, bacteriophage infection can cause failures in 50%-80% of the batches during bt fermentation, resulting in severe losses. in the present work, the physiological and biochemical impacts of bt strain cs33 have been studied during bacteriophage infection. this study adopted a gel-based proteomics approach to probe the sequential changed proteins in phage-infected bt cells. to phage, ... | 2014 | 24565692 |
| draft genome sequence of highly nematicidal bacillus thuringiensis db27. | here, we report the genome sequence of nematicidal bacillus thuringiensis db27, which provides first insights into the genetic determinants of its pathogenicity to nematodes. the genome consists of a 5.7-mb chromosome and seven plasmids, three of which contain genes encoding nematicidal proteins. | 2014 | 24558243 |
| tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolution to bt-toxin in helicoverpa armigera: regulated by vitellogenin gene expression. | evolution of resistance to insecticides usually has fitness tradeoffs associated with adaptation to the stress. the basic regulation mechanism of tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolution to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (ha), based on the vitellogenin (vg) gene expression was analyzed here. the full-length cdna of the vg gene havg (jx504706) was cloned and identified. havg has 5704 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame (orf) of ... | 2014 | 24555504 |
| assessment of a direct application of two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations for immediate and residual control of aedes albopictus. | the bacterial agent bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) is a highly effective larvicide against various medically important mosquito and black fly vector species. recent formulations of this powerful larvicidal tool have been evaluated for their field efficacy in integrated mosquito management programs. laboratory and controlled-condition trials have indicated long periods of residual efficacy, whereas field persistence is often much lower in duration. we investigated the residual persisten ... | 2013 | 24551974 |
| bacterial tubulin tubz-bt transitions between a two-stranded intermediate and a four-stranded filament upon gtp hydrolysis. | cytoskeletal filaments form diverse superstructures that are highly adapted for specific functions. the recently discovered tubz subfamily of tubulins is involved in type iii plasmid partitioning systems, facilitating faithful segregation of low copy-number plasmids during bacterial cell division. one such protein, tubz-bt, is found on the large pbtoxis plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis, and interacts via its extended c terminus with a dna adaptor protein tubr. here, we use cryo-electron microsc ... | 2014 | 24550513 |
| the ecological roles of bacillus thuringiensis within phyllosphere environments. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is one of the most used bio-control agents to control plant insects, but little is known about its effect on the microbial population and communities on plant leaves. with the culture dependent method, it has been observed that the dynamics of bt within the phyllosphere varied dependent on both the doses of bt sprayed on the leaves and the plant species, however, bt's population size kept stable at about 1000 cfu g(-1) after 15 d since inoculation. by comparing the ba ... | 2014 | 24534157 |
| control of diatraea saccharalis by the endophytic pantoea agglomerans 33.1 expressing cry1ac7. | despite the fact that bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is found in more than 90 % of the products used against insects, it has some difficulty reaching the internal regions where the larvae feed. to solve this problem, many genetically modified microorganisms that colonize the same pests have been developed. thus, the endophytic bacterium pantoea agglomerans (33.1), which has been recently described as a promising sugarcane growth promoter, was genetically modified with the pjtt vector (which carries ... | 2014 | 24531524 |
| a versatile system for functional analysis of genes and micrornas in cotton. | cotton is an important economic crop worldwide. due to its long growth cycle, large genome size and recalcitrance to stable transformation, traditional methods for the analysis of gene function in this crop are difficult and labour intensive. here, we report a cotton leaf crumple virus (clcrv)-based vector and its application in gene function analysis through virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) and overexpression of micrornas (mirnas), small tandem target mimic (sttm) and artificial mirna (amirn ... | 2014 | 24521483 |
| immunotoxicological evaluation of corn genetically modified with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ah gene by a 30-day feeding study in balb/c mice. | this study was to investigate the immunotoxicological potential of corn genetically modified (gm) with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ah gene in balb/c mice. female balb/c mice were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: the negative control group, the parental corn group, the gm corn group and the positive control group with 10 mice per group. mice in the gm corn group and the parental corn group were fed with diets containing 70% corresponding corn for 30 days. mice in the negative cont ... | 2014 | 24520311 |
| application of statistical experimental design for optimisation of bioinsecticides production by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strain on cheap medium. | in order to overproduce bioinsecticides production by a sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strain, an optimal composition of a cheap medium was defined using a response surface methodology. in a first step, a plackett-burman design used to evaluate the effects of eight medium components on delta-endotoxin production showed that starch, soya bean and sodium chloride exhibited significant effects on bioinsecticides production. in a second step, these parameters were selected for further optimisation ... | 2013 | 24516462 |
| a screening of five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests. | five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins (vip3aa, vip3ab, vip3ad, vip3ae and vip3af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: agrotis ipsilon, helicoverpa armigera, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, ostrinia nubilalis and lobesia botrana. toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10 days. no major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activat ... | 2014 | 24508583 |
| potency of insect-specific scorpion toxins on mosquito control using bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa. | two insect-specific scorpion toxins, bjαit and aahit were produced as alkali-soluble protein inclusions in escherichia coli. the inclusion bodies themselves exhibited no toxicity against culex pipiens larvae. however, coadministration with cry4aa toxin enhanced the mosquitocidal activity by 2-3 fold. insect-specific scorpion toxins can be good supplements for cry toxin-based bioinsecticides. | 2014 | 24508022 |
| fitness costs and stability of cry1ab resistance in sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.). | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a major target species of transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins in south america and the u.s. mid-south region. in this study, the fitness of seven insect genotypes of d. saccharalis were assayed on non-toxic diet, which included a cry1ab-susceptible strain (ss-2009), two cry1ab-resistant strains (rr-43a(bc), rr-l5b(bc)), and four f1 hybrids (f1-r43a(m)s(f), f1-r43a(f)s(m), f1-r5b(m)s(f), and f1-r5b(f)s(m)). the f1 hybr ... | 2014 | 24503242 |
| evaluation of tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins among laboratory-reared western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the western bean cutworm, striacosta albicosta (smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a destructive insect pest of dry beans and corn within its native range of western nebraska and eastern colorado. however, since the initiation of an eastward range expansion of s. albicosta in the late 1990s, economic damage has been observed in the midwest, and the species has now reached the atlantic coast and quebec. economic damage to corn occurs by larval feeding on ears, which is not controlled by commerci ... | 2013 | 24498749 |
| market forces and technological substitutes cause fluctuations in the value of bat pest-control services for cotton. | critics of the market-based, ecosystem services approach to biodiversity conservation worry that volatile market conditions and technological substitutes will diminish the value of ecosystem services and obviate the "economic benefits" arguments for conservation. to explore the effects of market forces and substitutes on service values, we assessed how the value of the pest-control services provided by mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) to cotton production in the southwes ... | 2014 | 24498400 |
| sinr controls enterotoxin expression in bacillus thuringiensis biofilms. | the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis produces dense biofilms under various conditions. here, we report that the transition phase regulators spo0a, abrb and sinr control biofilm formation and swimming motility in b. thuringiensis, just as they control biofilm formation and swarming motility in the closely related saprophyte species b. subtilis. however, microarray analysis indicated that in b. thuringiensis, in contrast to b. subtilis, sinr does not control an eps operon involved in exopolys ... | 2014 | 24498128 |
| nondestructive determination of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice seeds (oryza sativa l.) using multispectral imaging and chemometric methods. | crop-to-crop transgene flow may affect the seed purity of non-transgenic rice varieties, resulting in unwanted biosafety consequences. the feasibility of a rapid and nondestructive determination of transgenic rice seeds from its non-transgenic counterparts was examined by using multispectral imaging system combined with chemometric data analysis. principal component analysis (pca), partial least squares discriminant analysis (plsda), least squares-support vector machines (ls-svm), and pca-back p ... | 2014 | 24491704 |
| coadministration of protoxin cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis with metacestode extract confers protective immunity to murine cysticercosis. | the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac protoxin (pcry1ac) is a promising mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that induces protective immunity against naegleria fowleri and malaria infection models. we determined whether pcry1ac acted as a protective adjuvant against infection with taenia crassiceps. balb/c mice were thrice i.p. immunized with (i) pcry1ac, (ii) metacestode extract, (iii) extract + pcry1ac or (iv) vehicle, challenged with metacestodes on day 26 and then sacrificed 35 days later. cysticerci ... | 2014 | 24484070 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain brmgv02-jm63, a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated mangrove soil in brazil. | here, we report the draft genome sequence and the automatic annotation of bacillus thuringiensis strain brmgv02-jm63. this genome comprises a set of genes involved in the metabolism of chitin and n-acetylglucosamine utilization, thus suggesting the possible role of this strain in the cycling of organic matter in mangrove soils. | 2014 | 24482524 |
| dominant resistance to bt cotton and minor cross-resistance to bt toxin cry2ab in cotton bollworm from china. | evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the long-term benefits of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). previous work has detected increases in the frequency of resistance to bt toxin cry1ac in populations of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, from northern china where bt cotton producing cry1ac has been grown extensively for more than a decade. confirming that trend, we report evidence from 2011 showing that the percentage of individ ... | 2013 | 24478804 |
| effect of midgut proteolytic activity on susceptibility of lepidopteran larvae to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is the most effective microbial control agent for controlling numerous species from different insect orders. all subspecies and strains of b. thuringiensis can produce a spore and a crystalline parasporal body. this crystal which contains proteinaceous protoxins is dissolved in the alkaline midgut, the resulting molecule is then cleaved and activated by proteolytic enzymes and acts as a toxin. an interesting aspect of this activation process is that variations in midg ... | 2013 | 24474937 |
| established a new double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab toxin based single-chain variable fragments from a naïve mouse phage displayed library. | scfvs are composed of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains via a short linker that maintain the specific antigen binding abilities of antibodies. in this study, we constructed a naïve mouse phage displayed library to generate scfvs against cry1ab toxin. after affinity panning, positive phage-scfvs were isolated, sequenced and characterized by elisa. the best binding ability scfv-g9 was expressed and purified. sds-page indicated that the relative molecular mass of scfv was estimated ... | 2014 | 24472345 |
| using resistant prey demonstrates that bt plants producing cry1ac, cry2ab, and cry1f have no negative effects on geocoris punctipes and orius insidiosus. | geocoris punctipes (say) and orius insidiosus (say) are generalist predators found in a wide range of crops, including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and maize (zea mays l.), where they provide important biological control services by feeding on an array of pests, including eggs and small larvae of caterpillars. a high percentage of cotton and maize in the united states and several other countries are transgenic cultivars that produce one or more of the insecticidal cry proteins of bacillus thur ... | 2014 | 24472212 |
| target and nontarget effects of novel "triple-stacked" bt-transgenic cotton 1: canopy arthropod communities. | transgenic cotton varieties (bollgard ii) expressing two proteins (cry1ac and cry2ab) from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been widely adopted in australia to control larvae of helicoverpa. a triple-stacked bt-transgenic cotton producing cry1ac, cry2ab, and vip3a proteins (genuity bollgard iii) is being developed to reduce the chance that helicoverpa will develop resistance to the bt proteins. before its introduction, nontarget effects on the agro-ecosystem need to be evaluated under field cond ... | 2014 | 24472211 |
| impacts of bt rice expressing cry1c or cry2a protein on the performance of nontarget leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps (hemiptera: cicadellidae), under laboratory and field conditions. | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) protein can effectively control target insects including stem borers and leaf folders. however, the potential effects of bt rice on nontarget organisms including nontarget herbivores have not been fully evaluated. in the current study, ecological fitness parameters of the nontarget herbivore, nephotettix cincticeps (uhler) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), fed on t1c-19 (cry1c) or t2a-1 (cry2a) rice were compared with non-bt rice (mh63) un ... | 2014 | 24472210 |
| genetic resistance to bacillus thuringiensis alters feeding behaviour in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | evolved resistance to xenobiotics and parasites is often associated with fitness costs when the selection pressure is absent. resistance to the widely used microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has evolved in several insect species through the modification of insect midgut binding sites for bt toxins, and reports of costs associated with bt resistance are common. studies on the costs of bt-resistance restrict the insect to a single artificial diet or host-plant. however, it is well d ... | 2014 | 24465656 |
| bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1 as a factory to synthesize alkali-labile chia74∆sp chitinase inclusions, cry crystals and spores for applied use. | the endochitinase chia74 is a soluble secreted enzyme produced by bacillus thuringiensis that synergizes the entomotoxigenecity of cry proteins that accumulate as intracellular crystalline inclusion during sporulation. the purpose of this study was to produce alkaline-soluble chia74∆sp inclusions in b. thuringiensis, and to determine its effect on cry crystal production, sporulation and toxicity to an important agronomical insect, manduca sexta. to this end we deleted the secretion signal peptid ... | 2014 | 24460864 |
| optimization of bioinsecticides overproduction by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki using linear regression. | a multiple linear regression analyses were performed to screen for the significant factors simultaneously influencing production of deltaendotoxin, proteolytic activities and spore formation by a bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain. investigated factors included: ph of the medium, available oxygen and inoculum size. it was observed that oxygen availability was the most influencing setting on both deltaendotoxins production and spores counts, followed by initial ph of the medium and inoculum s ... | 2013 | 24459834 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: a specific gamma-cyclodextrin producer strain. | an anaerobic microbial isolate bacillus species, designated b. thuringiensis gu-2, was isolated from soil as a specific γ-cyclodextrin (cd) producer strain in alkaline medium under anaerobic conditions. the optimum ph and temperature for bacterial growth and γ-cd production were estimated to be ph 8.5 and 37°c in the presence of 1.0% starch substrate, respectively. a high purity yield >95% of γ-cd from the total cd yield in the reaction mixture was obtained from starch that was supposed to be co ... | 2014 | 24456970 |
| activation of map kinase pathways in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis. | we followed changes in the level of phospho-map kinases in the greater wax moth galleria mellonella after infection with bacillus thuringiensis. we observed an enhanced level of phosphorylated p38 and jnk in fat bodies of the infected larvae. in hemocytes, injection of b. thuringiensis caused the highest increase in phospho-jnk, however, all pathways were activated after aseptic injection. we report that galleria mellonella larvae exposed to heat shock before infection showed an enhanced level o ... | 2014 | 24455757 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry6a exhibits nematicidal activity to caenorhabditis elegans bre mutants and synergistic activity with cry5b to c. elegans. | the group of nematicidal crystal protein cry6a shares very low identity and exhibits different structure with cry5b, another well-studied group of nematicidal crystal protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis. in this study, we assayed the susceptibility of bre mutants (caenorhabditis elegans with resistance to cry5b) to cry6aa2 and examined the synergistic activity between cry6aa2 and cry5ba2. our results show that all bre mutants are susceptible to cry6aa2 on the lethal activity, growth inhib ... | 2014 | 24450432 |
| new bacillus thuringiensis toxin combinations for biological control of lepidopteran larvae. | cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is known by its synergistical activity with b. thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus toxins. it is able to improve dipteran specific toxins activity and can prevent or overcome larval resistance to those proteins. the objective of the current study was to investigate the possible improvement of larvicidal activity of b. thuringiensis kurstaki expressing heterogeneous proteins cyt1a and p20. cyt1a98 and p20 genes encoding the cytolytic protein (cyt1a ... | 2014 | 24444881 |
| insilico structural 3d modelling of novel cry1ib9 and cry3a toxins from local isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | three-dimensional (3d) models for the 79.2 kda activated cry1ib9 and 77.4 kda activated cry3a δ-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) native isolates that are specifically toxic to coleopteran insect pests were constructed by utilizing homology modeling online tool. evidences presented here, based on the identification of structural equivalent residues of cry1ib9 and cry3a toxin through homology modelling indicate that, they share a common bt toxin tridimensional structure. the main differ ... | 2014 | 24426173 |
| production of polyhydroxyalkanoate co-polymer by bacillus thuringiensis. | integrative processes for the production of bioenergy and biopolymers are gaining importance in recent years as alternatives to fossil fuels and synthetic plastics. in the present study, bacillus thuringiensis strain egu45 has been used to generate hydrogen (h2), polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) and new co-polymers (np). under batch culture conditions with 250 ml synthetic media, b. thuringiensis egu45 produced up to 0.58 mol h2/mol of glucose. effluent from the h2 production stage was incubated under ... | 2013 | 24426082 |
| microbial dynamics and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in textile effluent polluted and non-polluted rice field soils of orissa, india. | microbial diversity was assessed in the soils of non-polluted rice fields of central rice research institute and choudwar, and textile effluent contaminated (about 30 years) rice fields of choudwar about 4 years after cessation of pollution. the soils contained 0.62-1.01 % organic c and 0.07-0.12 % total n, and measured 6.18-8.24 ph and 0.6-2.68 ms/cm eh which were more in the polluted choudwar soil. the microbial populations (×10(6) cfu/g soil) in the soils were: heterotrophs 1.21-10.9, spore f ... | 2013 | 24426074 |
| coexpression of the silent cry2ab27 together with cry1 genes in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai sp41 leads to formation of amorphous crystal toxin and enhanced toxicity against helicoverpa armigera. | the unexpressed cry2ab27 gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai sp41 (sp41) consists of a single open reading frame (orf) of 1902bp encoding for 634 amino acid residues. the cry2ab27 gene appears to be silent due to the lack of promoter and terminator sequences. in this study we fused the cry2ab27 orf with the cry1ab promoter (500bp) and the terminator (300bp) in vector pht304-18z in order to drive the expression of cry2ab27 in both sp41 and an acrystaliferous, b. thuringiensis subsp. thu ... | 2014 | 24412546 |
| persistence and recycling of bioinsecticidal bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores in contrasting environments: evidence from field monitoring and laboratory experiments. | sprays of commercial preparations of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis are widely used for the control of mosquito larvae. despite an abundant literature on b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis field efficiency on mosquito control, few studies have evaluated the fate of spores in the environment after treatments. in the present article, two complementary experiments were conducted to study the effect of different parameters on b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis persistence ... | 2014 | 24402370 |
| hexamerin a novel protein associated with bacillus sphaericus resistance in culex quinquefasciatus. | bacterial insecticides like, bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, have been used for the control of nuisance and vector mosquitoes for more than two decades. for many years, it was assumed that the use of microbial larvicides based on b. sphaericus would not lead to resistance in mosquitoes. however, recent reports have shown that b. sphaericus toxins are not free from this problem. therefore, the resistance of mosquito populations to be will seriously threaten the ... | 2014 | 24395693 |
| development of a high efficient "dual bt-plus" insecticide using a primary form of an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila. | a phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila. compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. this study showed that the phase variation of x. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. a secondary form of x. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absor ... | 2014 | 24394195 |
| improved insecticidal toxicity by fusing cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis with av3 of anemonia viridis. | av3, a neurotoxin of anemonia viridis, is toxic to crustaceans and cockroaches but inactive in mammals. in the present study, av3 was expressed in escherichia coli origami b (de3) and purified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. the purified av3 was injected into the hemocoel of helicoverpa armigera, rendering the worm paralyzed. then, av3 was expressed alone or fusion expressed with the cry1ac in acrystalliferous strain cry(-)b of bacillus thuringiensis. the shape of cry1ac was changed by ... | 2014 | 24375189 |
| genotoxic evaluation in oreochromis niloticus (fish: characidae) of recombinant spore-crystal complexes cry1ia, cry10aa and cry1ba6 from bacillus thuringiensis. | bioinsecticides from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used around the world in biological control against larval stages of many insect species. bt has been considered a biopesticide that is highly specific to different orders of insects, non-polluting and harmless to humans and other vertebrates, thus becoming a viable alternative for combating agricultural pests and insect vectors of diseases. the family of bt δ-endotoxins are crystal-protein inclusions showing toxicity to insects' midgut ... | 2014 | 24374720 |
| characterization of parasporin gene harboring indian isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is popularly known as insecticidal bacterium. however, non-insecticidal bt strains are more extensively available in natural environment than the insecticidal ones. parasporin (ps) is a collection of genealogically heterogeneous cry proteins synthesized in non-insecticidal isolates of bt. an important character generally related with ps proteins is their strong cytocidal activity preferentially on human cancer cells of various origins. identification and characterizat ... | 2014 | 28324389 |
| proposed measures of control management of the grape moth, lobesia botrana den and schiff (lepidoptera: tortricidae), in reference to infestation percentages, yield loss and economics of control in egypt. | this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of five measures; including the release of two strains of trichogramma, bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.). sweetened b.t. and the environmentally friend insecticide (tracer®), to manage the grape moth, lobesia botrana that infested the grape vines c.v. "thompson seedless " in egypt severely during the two successive years of 2011 and 2012. in concern to the release of the worldwide, trichogramma evanescens westwood., the mean total grape yield ranged from 8.0 ... | 2014 | 26084105 |
| molecular characterization of bacillus thuringiensis using rep-pcr. | the genetic divergence of 65 strains of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was determined using rep-pcr. based on the repetitive sequences the box primer was the most informative with 26 fragments, followed by eric (19) and rep (10), generating a total of 55 fragments. the dendogram shows that ten groups were formed when 45% was the average distance of the population: group 1 with 41,5% of the isolates, 33,8% of the isolates were distributed in other groups and 24,6% did not formed distinct group. 53,2 ... | 2013 | 24363981 |
| synthetic fusion-protein containing domains of bt cry1ac and allium sativum lectin (asal) conferred enhanced insecticidal activity against major lepidopteran pests. | different transgenic crop plants, developed with δ-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and mannose-specific plant lectins, exhibited significant protection against chewing and sucking insects. in the present study, a synthetic gene (cry-asal) encoding the fusion-protein having 488 amino acids, comprising di and dii domains from bt cry1ac and allium sativum agglutinin (asal), was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. ligand blot analysis disclosed that the fusion-protein could bind to m ... | 2014 | 24355805 |
| dermal toxicity, eye and dermal irritation and skin sensitization evaluation of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis sh-14. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is the best known and most widely used of all pesticidal microbes. the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis sh-14 in rats through acute dermal toxicity, dermal and eye irritation experiments. the acute dermal toxicity and dermal and eye irritation studies were performed using rabbits according to the united states environmental protection agency guidelines 885.3100, 870.2500 and 870.2500, respectiv ... | 2014 | 24342232 |
| bacillus thuringiensis poisoning related acute transverse myelitis. | | 2013 | 24340786 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1518, a typical strain with high toxicity to nematodes. | bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium and has been widely used as a biopesticide for controlling agricultural insects by the production of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). b. thuringiensis ybt-1518 displays effective toxicity to nematodes. this strain harbors three nematicidal crystal protein genes, including cry55aa1, cry6aa2 and cry5ba2, and also contains multiple potential virulence factors. here, we report the complete genome sequence of b. thuringiensis ybt-151 ... | 2014 | 24333130 |
| delivery of intrahemocoelic peptides for insect pest management. | the extensive use of chemical insecticides for insect pest management has resulted in insecticide resistance now being recorded in >500 species of insects and mites. although gut-active toxins such as those derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been successfully used for insect pest management, a diverse range of insect-specific insecticidal peptides remains an untapped resource for pest management efforts. these toxins act within the insect hemocoel (body cavity) and hence require a del ... | 2014 | 24331760 |
| up-regulated death-associated lim-only protein contributes to fitness costs of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac resistance in helicoverpa armigera. | the evolution of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) resistance provides a useful pathway for the study of fitness trade-offs associated with stress adaptation. in a previous study, we used cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (cdna-alfp) analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (degs) in cry1ac-susceptible (96s) and -resistant (bt-r) helicoverpa armigera larvae. among these degs, a death-associated lim-only protein (hadalp) was identified. in the current study, the full-length cdn ... | 2014 | 24326206 |
| the glycosyltransferase involved in thurandacin biosynthesis catalyzes both o- and s-glycosylation. | the s-glycosyltransferase suns is a recently discovered enzyme that selectively catalyzes the conjugation of carbohydrates to the cysteine thiol of proteins. this study reports the discovery of a second s-glycosyltransferase, thus, and shows that thus catalyzes both s-glycosylation of the thiol of cysteine and o-glycosylation of the hydroxyl group of serine in peptide substrates. thus-catalyzed s-glycosylation is more efficient than o-glycosylation, and the enzyme demonstrates high tolerance wit ... | 2014 | 24325644 |
| cloning and analysis of a large plasmid pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis revealed a novel plasmid organization. | in this study, we report a rapid cloning strategy for large native plasmids via a contig linkage map by bac libraries. using this method, we cloned a large plasmid pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar tenebrionis strain ybt-1765. complete sequencing showed that pbmb165 is 77,627 bp long with a gc-content of 35.36%, and contains 103 open reading frames (orfs). sequence analysis and comparison reveals that pbmb165 represents a novel plasmid organization: it mainly consists of a pxo2-like re ... | 2013 | 24312580 |
| purification, biochemical characterization and self-assembled structure of a fengycin-like antifungal peptide from bacillus thuringiensis strain sm1. | an antifungal lipopeptide fengycin, producing strain sm1 was isolated from farm land soil sample and identified as bacillus thuringiensis strain sm1 by using 16s rdna analysis. fengycin detected in the culture extract was further purified using hplc and showed a molecular mass of 1492.8 da by maldi-tof-ms analysis. purified fengycin was allowed to construct their self-assembled structure onto a hydrophobic surface showing a clear improvement of antibacterial activity. in self-assembly, fengycin ... | 2013 | 24312083 |
| identification of genes required by bacillus thuringiensis for survival in soil by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing. | transposon-directed insertion site sequencing was used to identify genes required by bacillus thuringiensis to survive in non-axenic plant/soil microcosms. a total of 516 genetic loci fulfilled the criteria as conferring survival characteristics. of these, 127 (24.6 %) were associated with uptake and transport systems; 227 loci (44.0 %) coded for enzymatic properties; 49 (9.5 %) were gene regulation or sensory loci; 40 (7.8 %) were structural proteins found in the cell envelope or had enzymatic ... | 2014 | 24310935 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain hd-789. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial insecticide for controlling agricultural pests. we report the finished genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain hd-789, which contains genes encoding 7 parasporal crystals consisting of cry4aa3, cry4ba5 (2 genes), cry10aa3, cry11aa3, cry60ba3, and cry60aa3, plus 3 cyt toxin genes and 1 hemagglutinin gene. | 2013 | 24309743 |
| complete genome of bacillus thuringiensis myophage spock. | bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive, sporulating soil microbe with valuable pesticide-producing properties. the study of bacteriophages of b. thuringiensis could provide new biotechnological tools for the use of this bacterium. here, we present the complete annotated genome of spock, a myophage of b. thuringiensis, and describe its features. | 2013 | 24309729 |
| domain wise docking analyses of the modular chitin binding protein cbp50 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian s4. | this paper presents an in silico characterization of the chitin binding protein cbp50 from b. thuringiensis serovar konkukian s4 through homology modeling and molecular docking. the cbp50 has shown a modular structure containing an n-terminal cbm33 domain, two consecutive fibronectin-iii (fn-iii) like domains and a c-terminal cbm5 domain. the protein presented a unique modular structure which could not be modeled using ordinary procedures. so, domain wise modeling using modeller and docking anal ... | 2013 | 24307767 |
| bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt. | the research work was performed to investigate the potential of bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 to induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt. roots of two-week-old seedlings of tomato plants were primed with bacterial strain. after 10 days of transplantation, some pots of tomato seedlings were provided with inoculum of fusarium oxysporum lycopersici according to experimental design to induce disease. after 15 days of incubation period, plants challenged with f. oxysporum lycop ... | 2013 | 24294498 |
| the basis for rootstock resilient to capnodis species: screening for genes encoding δ-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | conventional methods often fail to control the flatheaded borers capnodis spp., major pests of stone fruit trees; the larvae are protected from insecticides and predation because they feed deep in the roots. a potential solution is transgenic trees producing in their roots toxic compounds such as cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). | 2014 | 24293325 |
| persistence of the spores of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki from foray bioinsecticide in gleysol soil and on leaves. | the aim of this study was to determine how long the spores of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 from foray bioinsecticide persist in soil and on leaf surface after application of the bioinsecticide in an oak forest. foray 04 ul was sprayed over a 195-hectare oak forest on the krotoszyn plateau in poland. b. thuringiensis was isolated from soil samples and tree leaves taken from randomly chosen sites. b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 in the samples was identified upon clonal analys ... | 2014 | 24291630 |
| proteomics study of silver nanoparticles toxicity on bacillus thuringiensis. | emerging technologies in functional genomics and proteomics provide a way of achieving high-throughput analyses, understanding effects on protein populations and sub-populations and follow up environmental stresses. to accomplish these, the action of homemade spherical silver nanoparticles colloidal suspension (agnps) against bacillus thuringiensis (isolate from oryza sativa l. rhizosphere) was investigated by a proteomic approach (2-de and nanolc/ft-icr ms identification). thirty four responsiv ... | 2014 | 24290895 |
| bioavailability of the anti-clostridial bacteriocin thuricin cd in gastrointestinal tract. | thuricin cd is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against clostridium difficile. this study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. one of the peptides, trn-β, was found to be degraded by the gastric enzymes pepsin and α-chymotrypsin both in vitro and in vivo, whereas trn-α was resistant to digestion by these enzymes and hence was detected in the intes ... | 2014 | 24287693 |
| structural, evolutionary and functional analysis of apn genes in the lepidoptera bombyx mori. | aminopeptidases n (apns), the receptors of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in the lepidopteran midgut, are involved in the bt pathogen infection mechanism. in the present work, we screened 102 apns from silkdb, butterflybase and monarchbase; 16 apns were identified from the silkworm (bombyx mori) and 24 from the monarch butterfly (danaus plexippus). syntenic and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that apn genes have developed multi-family genes before evolutionary divergence of the lepidoptera. ... | 2014 | 24286860 |
| a novel cry9aa with increased toxicity for spodoptera exigua (hübner). | cry9aa, produced by bacillus thuringiensis is reported to be not active against spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm). in this study we have cloned a new cry9aa5 gene encoding a protoxin with increased activity against s. exigua as compared to cry9aa1. when aligned to cry9aa1, four amino acid substitutions in domain i and one substitution in the c-terminal protein extension of cry9aa5 were identified. toxicity of cry9aa5, produced in recombinant escherichia coli was assessed and compared to the acti ... | 2014 | 24286660 |
| genomic analysis of a phage and prophage from a bacillus thuringiensis strain. | bacteriophages have been found to be the most abundant and also potentially most diverse biological entities on earth. in the present study, bacillus phages were isolated rapidly and shown to have a high degree of diversity. the genomes of a newly isolated phage, phicm3, and a prophage, procm3, from the bacillus thuringiensis strain ym-03 were sequenced and characterized. comparative genome analysis showed that the phicm3 genome is highly similar to the genomes of eight other bacillus phages and ... | 2014 | 24285088 |
| uv light and urban pollution: bad cocktail for mosquitoes? | mosquito breeding sites consist of water pools, which can either be large open areas or highly covered ponds with vegetation, thus with different light exposures combined with the presence in water of xenobiotics including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) generated by urban pollution. uv light and pahs are abiotic factors known to both affect the mosquito insecticide resistance status. nonetheless, their potential combined effects on the mosquito physiology have never been investigated. t ... | 2014 | 24275062 |
| characterization of four midgut aminopeptidase n isozymes from ostrinia furnacalis strains with different susceptibilities to bacillus thuringiensis. | the full-length cdna of four ofapn aminopeptidases were cloned and sequenced from susceptible and resistant ostrinia furnacalis strains. four sequences were identified as apn because they shared the common structural features with apn from lepidoptera, including the signal peptide, gpi anchor signal, the zinc binding/gluzincin motif hex2hx18e and the gluzincin aminopeptidase motif gamen. compared with apn sequences from the susceptible strain, there were 9, 5, 10 and 12 amino acid variations in ... | 2014 | 24269376 |
| prohibitin, an essential protein for colorado potato beetle larval viability, is relevant to bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxicity. | bacillus thuringienesis (bt) cry toxins constitute the most extensively used environmentally safe biopesticide and their mode of action relies on the interaction of the toxins with membrane proteins in the midgut of susceptible insects that mediate toxicity and insect specificity. therefore, identification of bt cry toxin interacting proteins in the midgut of target insects and understanding their role in toxicity is of great interest to exploit their insecticidal action. using ligand blot, we d ... | 2013 | 24267691 |
| intravital imaging of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin binding sites in the midgut of silkworm. | identification of the resistance mechanism of insects against bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin is becoming an increasingly challenging task. this fact highlights the need for establishing new methods to further explore the molecular interactions of cry1a toxin with insects and the receptor-binding region of cry1a toxins for their wider application as biopesticides and a gene source for gene-modified crops. in this contribution, a quantum dot-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging method has ... | 2014 | 24252542 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel native bacillus thuringiensis strain brc-hzm2 capable of degrading chlorpyrifos. | studies were carried out to isolate chlorpyrifos degrading bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains from chlorpyrifos-contaminated samples. six bt strains (isolation rate 2.7%) were isolated by modified sodium acetate antibiotic heat treatment, and one novel strain (brc-hzm2) was selected for further analysis. phenotype and phylogeny analysis of this strain was conducted on the basis of biochemical reactions, antibiotic sensitivity, 16s rrna genes, plasmid profile, insecticidal crystal protein profil ... | 2015 | 24243520 |
| inducible expression of a fusion gene encoding two proteinase inhibitors leads to insect and pathogen resistance in transgenic rice. | plant proteinase inhibitors (pis) are considered as candidates for increased insect resistance in transgenic plants. insect adaptation to pi ingestion might, however, compromise the benefits received by transgenic expression of pis. in this study, the maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi), an inhibitor of insect serine proteinases, and the potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (pci) were fused into a single open reading frame and introduced into rice plants. the two pis were linked using either the proce ... | 2014 | 24237606 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of molecules associated with bacterial quorum sensing using an acyl homoserine lactonase from a novel bacillus thuringiensis strain. | n-acyl homoserine lactones are key components of quorum sensing, the bacterial communication system. this communication mechanism regulates the expression of genes, including those involved in virulence and biofilm formation. this system can be interrupted by the action of enzymes that hydrolyze the signaling molecules. in this work, we studied the enzymatic properties of a recombinant ahl-lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis strain 147-11516, using substrates with acyl chains of different leng ... | 2014 | 24233057 |
| in silico modeling and functional interpretations of cry1ab15 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis btb-hm-16. | the theoretical homology based structural model of cry1ab15 δ-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis btb-hm-16 was predicted using the cry1aa template (resolution 2.25 å). the cry1ab15 resembles the template structure by sharing a common three-domain extending conformation structure responsible for pore-forming and specificity determination. the novel structural differences found are the presence of β0 and α3, and the absence of α7b, β1a, α10a, α10b, β12, and α11a while α9 is located spati ... | 2013 | 24228249 |
| cadherin adcad1 in alphitobius diaperinus larvae is a receptor of cry3bb toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins are used as components of biopesticides or expressed in transgenic crops to control diverse insect pests worldwide. these cry toxins bind to receptors on the midgut brush border membrane and kill enterocytes culminating in larval mortality. cadherin proteins have been identified as cry toxin receptors in diverse lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran species. in the present work we report a 185 kda cadherin (adcad1) from larvae of the lesser mealworm (al ... | 2014 | 24225445 |
| applying an integrated refuge to manage western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae): effects on survival, fitness, and selection pressure. | the refuge strategy can delay resistance of insect pests to transgenic maize producing toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). this is important for the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), because of its history of adaptation to several management practices. a 2-yr study across four locations was conducted to measure the effects of integrated refuge (i.e., blended refuge) on western corn rootworm survival to adulthood, fitness characteristi ... | 2013 | 24224265 |
| effect of bt maize and soil insecticides on yield, injury, and rootworm survival: implications for resistance management. | a 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects on diabrotica spp. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) of an insecticidal seed treatment (poncho 1250, (ai)/clothianidin) and a granular insecticide (aztec 2.1g, (ai)/tebupirimphos and cyfluthrin) alone and in combination with maize producing the insectidical toxin cry3bb1 derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). yields for bt maize plots were significantly greater than for non-bt maize; however, insecticides did not significa ... | 2013 | 24224233 |
| increased survival in the red flour beetle after oral priming with bacteria-conditioned media. | immune priming is defined as enhanced protection upon secondary exposure to a pathogen. such enhanced resistance after prior exposure has been demonstrated for a number of insect species including the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. in testing this phenomenon, the majority of studies have focused on introducing the pathogen into the insect's hemocoel via septic wounding through the cuticle. although such septic injury can occur in nature, many pathogens enter their hosts via the oral rout ... | 2014 | 24216503 |
| expression profile and regulation of spore and parasporal crystal formation-associated genes in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis, a gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium, is characterized by the formation of parasporal crystals consisting of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) during sporulation. we reveal gene expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms associated with spore and parasporal crystal formation based on transcriptomics and proteomics data of b. thuringiensis strain ct-43. during sporulation, five icp genes encoded by ct-43 were specifically transcribed; moreover, most of the spo ... | 2013 | 24215520 |
| laboratory tests on the efficacy of vbc60035, a combined larvicidal formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (strain am65-52) and bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) against aedes albopictus in simulated catch basins. | catch basins are a common breeding site for mosquito larvae in urban areas. the arrival in spain of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, has turned catch basins into a challenging public health issue in some areas such as the baix llobregat region, where more than 135,000 units are treated per year in a large-scale application program. although biorational larvicides are used, modern formulations providing longer efficacy periods could lead to manpower savings. laboratory indoor trials ar ... | 2013 | 24199503 |
| receptors and lethal effect of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins to the anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | bioassays with insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) from bacillus thuringiensis have demonstrated that cry1aa, cry1ac, and cry1ba are the most active toxins on larvae of the anticarsia gemmatalis. the toxins cry1da and cry1ea are less toxic, and toxins cry2aa are not active. binding of these icps to midgut sections of the a. gemmatalis larvae was studied using streptavidin-mediated detection. the observed staining patterns showed that cry1aa and cry1ac bound to the brush border throughout the wh ... | 2013 | 24195006 |
| potential of sugarcane bagasse (agro-industrial waste) for the production of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | sugarcane bagasse is a renewable resource that can be used to produce biopesticide for the control of mosquito vectors. in the present study, we demonstrated that cane processed bagasse could be used to produce bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) for control of mosquito vectors viz: culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. biochemical studies indicated that the bti spore/crystal toxins produced from the test culture medium (bagasse, bg + soybean, sb) are higher ... | 2013 | 24189680 |
| toxicity and mode of action of insecticidal cry1a proteins from bacillus thuringiensis in an insect cell line, cf-1. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are insecticidal proteins used to control insect pests. the interaction of cry toxins with the midgut of susceptible insects is a dynamic process involving activation of the toxin, binding to midgut receptors in the apical epithelium and conformational changes in the toxin molecule, leading to pore formation and cell lysis. an understanding of the molecular events underlying toxin mode of action is essential for the continued use of cry toxins. in this work, we ... | 2014 | 24189038 |
| bacillus thuringiensis subsp. sichuansis strain mc28 produces a novel crystal protein with activity against culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. sichuansis mc28 strain produces spherical parasporal crystals during sporulation and exhibits remarkable insecticidal activity against dipteran and lepidopteran pests. we characterized a novel cry gene (cry69aa1), which was found in the pmc95 plasmid of the mc28 strain. the cry69aa1 gene was inserted into a shuttle vector (pstk) and expressed in an acrystalliferous mutant b. thuringiensis hd73⁻. in this transformant, a large number of spherical parasporal crysta ... | 2014 | 24185745 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacillus thuringiensis against dengue vector, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the present study reveals the larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) against aedes aegypti responsible for the diseases of public health importance. the bt-agnps were characterized by using uv-visible spectrophotometer followed by scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy. a surface plasmon resonance spectrum of agnps was obtained at 420 nm. the particle sizes were measured through sem imaging ranging ... | 2014 | 24173811 |
| green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their characterization, application and antibacterial activity. | our research focused on the production, characterization and application of silver nanoparticles (agnps), which can be utilized in biomedical research and environmental cleaning applications. we used an environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique for the production of the agnps. the reducing agents used to produce the nanoparticles were from aqueous extracts made from the leaves of various plants. synthesis of colloidal agnps was monitored by uv-visible spectroscopy. the uv-vis ... | 2013 | 24157517 |
| cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis promotes macrophage activation by upregulating cd80 and cd86 and by inducing il-6, mcp-1 and tnf-α cytokines. | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac protoxin (pcry1ac) is a promising mucosal adjuvant, but its action mechanism is unknown. we examined in vivo whether pcry1ac promotes the activation of macrophages in the peritoneum, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes or in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage after intraperitoneal or intranasal pcry1ac administration, respectively, in balb/c mice. pcry1ac upregulated the costimulatory molecules cd80 and cd86 in these macrophages, but with distinct kinetics. in vitro ... | 2013 | 24157331 |
| structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of novel δ-endotoxin cry1id from bacillus thuringiensis to pave the way for development of novel fusion proteins against insect pests of crops. | the theoretical three-dimensional structure of a novel δ-endotoxin cry1id (81 kda) belonging to cry1i class, toxic to many of the lepidopteran pests has been investigated through comparative modeling. molecular dynamics (md) simulations was carried out to characterize its structural and dynamical features at 10 ns in explicit solvent using the gromacs version 4.5.4. finally the simulated model was validated by the saves, what if, metamqap, proq, modfold and molprobity servers. despite low sequen ... | 2013 | 24154610 |
| dissipation of insecticidal cry1ac protein and its toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms. | the widespread cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis crops has raised public concerns on their risk to nontarget organisms. persistence of cry1ac protein in soil, sediment and water and its toxicity to nontarget aquatic organisms were determined. the dissipation of cry1ac toxin was well described using first order kinetics, with the half-lives (dt50) ranging from 0.8 to 3.2, 2.1 to 7.6 and 11.0 to 15.8 d in soil, sediment and water, respectively. microbial degradation played a key role in the di ... | 2013 | 24151928 |
| single and fused transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice alter the species-specific responses of non-target planthoppers to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. | the approval of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice by china was momentous for biotech crops, although it has yet to be approved for commercial production. non-target pest problems in rice paddies, such as the three ecologically similar species of planthoppers nilaparvata lugens, laodelphax striatellus and sogatella furcifera, could become increasingly serious under global climate change. fused (cry1ab/cry1ac) and single (cry1ab) transgenic bt rice were evaluated for effects on species-s ... | 2014 | 24136625 |
| estimating the frequency of cry1f resistance in field populations of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have suppressed european corn borer populations and reduced the pest status of this insect throughout much of the us corn belt. a major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management and bt corn is that the frequency of resistance alleles is low so that resistant pests surviving exposure to bt corn will be rare. | 2014 | 24124030 |
| selection and characterisation of an hd1-like bacillus thuringiensis isolate with a high insecticidal activity against spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) larvae are known by their susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strains. in order to prevent the appearance of b. thuringiensis (bt) resistance and to develop economical bt-based biopesticides, the selection and the characterisation of a b. thuringiensis isolate toxic against s. littoralis larvae and overproducing δ-endotoxins were investigated. | 2014 | 24124020 |
| detection of minimum activity fragment of a novel cry7ab3 protein specific to henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (coleopteran: coccinellidae). | bacillus thuringiensis cry7ab3 toxin has insecticidal activity against larvae of henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. cry7ab3 toxin is solubilized under alkaline condition and activated by proteases within the larval gut. in order to assess the functions of the n- and c-terminal regions, several n- and c-terminal truncated forms of cry7ab3 were constructed. it was determined that amino acid removal at the n-terminal, which disrupt the α-helico structure, resulted in the inactivation of the protei ... | 2014 | 24123206 |
| transcriptional profile of tomato roots exhibiting bacillus thuringiensis-induced resistance to ralstonia solanacearum. | activation of sa-dependent signaling pathway and suppression of ja-dependent signaling pathway seem to play key roles inb. thuringiensis-induced resistance tor. solanacearumin tomato plants. bacillus thuringiensis, a well-known and effective bio-insecticide, has attracted considerable attention as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of plant diseases. treatment of tomato roots with a filter-sterilized cell-free filtrate (cf) of b. thuringiensis systemically suppresses bacter ... | 2014 | 24121643 |
| unlinked genetic loci control the reduced transcription of aminopeptidase n 1 and 3 in the european corn borer and determine tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | transgenic expression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystalline (cry) toxins by crop plants result in reduced insect feeding damage, but sustainability is threatened by the development of resistance traits in target insect populations. we investigated bt toxin resistance trait in a laboratory colony of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, selected for increased survival when exposed to cry1ab and correlated survival on cry1ab toxin with a constitutive ∼146.2 ± 17.3-fold reduction in mid ... | 2013 | 24121099 |
| midgut transcriptome response to a cry toxin in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | to investigate the response of plutella xylostella transcriptome in defending against a bt toxin, high-throughput rna-sequencing was carried out to examine cry1ac-susceptible and -resistant strains. the comparative analysis indentified over 2900 differentially expressed unigenes (deus) between these two strains. gene ontology analysis placed these unigenes primarily into cell, cell part, organelle, binding, catalytic, cellular process, metabolic process, and response to stimulus categories. base ... | 2014 | 24120626 |
| importance of polarity of the α4-α5 loop residue-asn(166) in the pore-forming domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin: implications for ion permeation and pore opening. | bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin is lethal to mosquito-larvae by forming ion-permeable pores in the target midgut cell membrane. previously, the polarity of asn(166) located within the α4-α5 loop composing the cry4ba pore-forming domain was shown to be crucial for larvicidal activity. here, structurally stable-mutant toxins of both larvicidal-active (n166d) and inactive (n166a and n166i) mutants were fplc-purified and characterized for their relative activities in liposomal-membrane permeatio ... | 2014 | 24120447 |
| biosorption of heavy metals by bacillus thuringiensis strain osm29 originating from industrial effluent contaminated north indian soil. | the study was navigated to examine the metal biosorbing ability of bacterial strain osm29 recovered from rhizosphere of cauliflower grown in soil irrigated consistently with industrial effluents. the metal tolerant bacterial strain osm29 was identified as bacillus thuringiensis following 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. in the presence of the varying concentrations (25-150 mgl(-1)) of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel, the b. thuringiensis strain osm29 showed an ob ... | 2013 | 24115905 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain t01-328, a brazilian isolate that produces a soluble pesticide protein, cry1ia. | bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain t01-328, isolated from cubatão county (são paulo state, brazil), produces a soluble pesticide protein, cry1ia, during vegetative growth. here, we report the 7.089-mbp draft genome sequence, composed of a 5.5-mb chromosome and 14 plasmids, which is the largest b. thuringiensis genome sequenced to date. | 2013 | 24115545 |
| characterization and potential application in mercury bioremediation of highly mercury-resistant marine bacterium bacillus thuringiensis pw-05. | bacillus thuringiensis pw-05 was isolated from the odisha coast and was found to resist 50 ppm of hg as hgcl2 as well as higher concentrations of cdcl2, znso4, pbno3 and na2haso4. resistance towards several antibiotics, viz amoxycillin, ampicillin, methicillin, azithromycin and cephradine (cv) was also observed. the mer operon possessed by most of the mercury-resistant bacteria was also found in this isolate. atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the isolate can volatilize >90 % of inorga ... | 2014 | 24114385 |