| pathogenicity and transmission of h5 and h7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards. | wild aquatic birds have been associated with the intercontinental spread of h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the a/goose/guangdong/1/96 (gs/gd) lineage during 2005, 2010, and 2014, but dispersion by wild waterfowl has not been implicated with spread of other hpai viruses. to better understand why gs/gd h5 hpai viruses infect and transmit more efficiently in waterfowl than other hpai viruses, groups of mallard ducks were challenged with one of 14 different h5 and h7 ... | 2016 | 27558429 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of h5, h6 and h9 avian influenza viruses circulating in live bird markets with intervention in the center part of vietnam. | a total of 3,045 environmental samples and oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from apparently healthy poultry have been collected at three live bird markets (lbms) at which practices were applied to reduce avian influenza (ai) virus transmission (intervention lbms) and six conventional lbms (non-intervention lbms) in thua thien hue province in 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention lbms. the 178 ai viruses, including h3 (19 viruses), h4 (2), h5 (8), h6 (30), h9 (114), and h11 (5), were i ... | 2016 | 27527783 |
| clade-level spatial modelling of hpai h5n1 dynamics in the mekong region reveals new patterns and associations with agro-ecological factors. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has been circulating in asia since 2003 and diversified into several genetic lineages, or clades. although the spatial distribution of its outbreaks was extensively studied, differences in clades were never previously taken into account. we developed models to quantify associations over time and space between different hpai h5n1 viruses from clade 1, 2.3.4 and 2.3.2 and agro-ecological factors. we found that the distribution of clades in th ... | 2016 | 27453195 |
| recombinant turkey herpesvirus-ai vaccine virus replication in different species of waterfowl. | waterfowl play a key role in the epidemiology of the h5n1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus; therefore, efficient immunization of domesticated ducks and geese to maximize the impact of other control measures is of great importance. a recombinant (r)hvt-ai, expressing the ha gene of a clade 2.2 h5n1 hpai strain had been developed and proved to be efficient against different clades of h5n1 hpai virus in chickens after a single vaccination at 1 day old and could provide long ... | 2016 | 27309057 |
| new reassortant h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in southern china, 2014. | new reassortant h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in southern china in 2014. our results show that the viruses grew efficiently in eggs and replicated systemically in chickens. they were completely lethal in chicken (100% mortality), and the mean death time was 6 to 7 days post-inoculation. the viruses could transmit in chickens by naïve contact. blast analysis revealed that their ha gene was most closely related to a/wild ... | 2016 | 27242767 |
| hemato-biochemical and pathological changes on avian influenza in naturally infected domestic ducks in egypt. | few studies have been made in regard to avian influenza (ai) in ducks, thus the aim of this work was planned to investigate the hematological, biochemical, and pathological changes in domestic egyptian ducks naturally infected with ai. | 2015 | 27047014 |
| efficacy of a recombinant turkey herpesvirus h5 vaccine against challenge with h5n1 clades 1.1.2 and 2.3.2.1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | domestic ducks are the second most abundant poultry species in many asian countries and have played a critical role in the epizootiology of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai).in this study, the protective efficacy of a live recombinant vector vaccine based on a turkey herpesvirus (hvt) expressing the h5 gene from a clade 2.2 h5n1 hpai strain (a/swan/hungary/4999/ 2006) (rhvt-h5/2.2), given at 3 days of age, was examined in pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). the vaccine was g ... | 2016 | 26953940 |
| phylogenetic and biological characterization of three k1203 (h5n8)-like avian influenza a virus reassortants in china in 2014. | three h5n8 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic geese in china in 2014 were characterized phylogenetically and biologically. phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequences of the three isolates from this study and those of 61 other h5n8 viruses retrieved from the gisaid platform indicated that, chronologically and geographically, all h5n8 viruses of the asian h5n1 ha lineage of clade 2.3.4.4 are the direct descendents of the k1203 (h5n8)-like viruses first isolated in china in ... | 2016 | 26526148 |
| corneal opacity in domestic ducks experimentally infected with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | domestic ducks can be a key factor in the regional spread of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus in asia. the authors performed experimental infections to examine the relationship between corneal opacity and h5n1 hpai virus infection in domestic ducks (anas platyrhyncha var domestica). a total of 99 domestic ducks, including 3 control birds, were used in the study. in experiment 1, when domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally with 2 h5n1 hpai viruses, corneal opacity appeared ... | 2016 | 26123230 |
| wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density shape the epidemiology of highly pathogenic h5n8 influenza in the republic of korea. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses threaten human and animal health yet their emergence is poorly understood, partly because sampling of the hpai asian-origin h5n1 lineage immediately after its identification in 1996 was comparatively sparse. the discovery of a novel h5n8 virus in 2013 provides a new opportunity to investigate hpai emergence in greater detail. here we investigate the origin and transmission of h5n8 in the republic of korea, the second country to report the new stra ... | 2015 | 26079277 |
| immune response in domestic ducks following intradermal delivery of inactivated vaccine against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus adjuvanted with oligodeoxynucleotides containing cpg motifs. | ducks are a natural reservoir for h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses, which produces a range of clinical outcomes from asymptomatic infections to severe disease with mortality. vaccination against hpai is one of the few methods available for controlling avian influenza virus (aiv) infection in domestic ducks; therefore, it is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy against hpai in domestic ducks. however, few studies have focused on enhancing the immune response by testing alter ... | 2015 | 26069254 |
| pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n8) virus. | the endemicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses in asia has led to the generation of reassortant h5 strains with novel gene constellations. a newly emerged hpai a(h5n8) virus caused poultry outbreaks in the republic of korea in 2014. because newly emerging high-pathogenicity h5 viruses continue to pose public health risks, it is imperative that their pathobiological properties be examined. here, we characterized a/mallard duck/korea/w452/2014 (mdk/w452(h5n8)), a repres ... | 2014 | 26038499 |
| novel reassortant influenza a(h5n8) viruses among inoculated domestic and wild ducks, south korea, 2014. | an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by a novel reassortant influenza a (h5n8) virus, occurred among poultry and wild birds in south korea in 2014. the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis in and mode of transmission of this virus among domestic and wild ducks. three of the viruses had similar pathogenicity among infected domestic ducks: the h5n8 viruses were moderately pathogenic (0%-20% mortality rate); in wild mallard ducks, the h5n8 and h5n1 viruses did not ... | 2015 | 25625281 |
| genetic characterization of an h5n1 avian influenza virus from a vaccinated duck flock in vietnam. | this study reports the genetic characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 isolated from a moribund domestic duck in central vietnam during 2012. in the moribund duck's flock, within 6 days after vaccination with a commercial h5n1 vaccine (re-5) to 59-day-old birds, 120 out of 2,000 ducks died. genetic analysis revealed a substantial number of mutations in the ha gene of the isolate in comparison with the vaccine strains, re-1 and re-5. similar mutations were also ... | 2014 | 24880916 |
| avian influenza surveillance in the danube delta using sentinel geese and ducks. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus incursions from migrating birds have occurred multiple times in romania since 2005. beginning in september 2008 through april 2013, seasonal sentinel surveillance for avian influenza a viruses (aivs) using domestic geese (anser cygnoides) and ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in the danube delta was established by placing 15 geese and 5 ducks at seven sites. tracheal and cloacal swabs, and sera collections (starting in 2009) were taken monthly. we stu ... | 2014 | 24795823 |
| h5-based dna constructs derived from selected highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus induce high levels of humoral antibodies in muscovy ducks against low pathogenic viruses. | h5 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) infection in domestic ducks is a major problem in duck producing countries. their silent circulation is an ongoing source of potential highly pathogenic or zoonotic emerging strains. to prevent such events, vaccination of domestic ducks might be attempted but remains challenging. currently licensed vector vaccines derived from h5n1 hpaiv possess clade 0, clade 2.2 or clade 2.3.4 ha sequences: selection of the best ha candidate inducing the largest ... | 2014 | 24762011 |
| investigation of avian influenza infections in wild birds, poultry and humans in eastern dongting lake, china. | we investigated avian influenza infections in wild birds, poultry, and humans at eastern dongting lake, china. we analyzed 6,621 environmental samples, including fresh fecal and water samples, from wild birds and domestic ducks that were collected from the eastern dongting lake area from november 2011 to april 2012. we also conducted two cross-sectional serological studies in november 2011 and april 2012, with 1,050 serum samples collected from people exposed to wild birds and/or domestic ducks. ... | 2014 | 24755911 |
| a 20-amino-acid deletion in the neuraminidase stalk and a five-amino-acid deletion in the ns1 protein both contribute to the pathogenicity of h5n1 avian influenza viruses in mallard ducks. | since 2003, h5n1-subtype avian influenza viruses (aivs) with both a deletion of 20 amino acids in the stalk of the neuraminidase (na) glycoprotein (a-) and a deletion of five amino acids at positions 80 to 84 in the non-structural protein ns1 (s-) have become predominant. to understand the influence of these double deletions in the na and ns1 proteins on the pathogenicity of h5n1-subtype aivs, we selected a/mallard/huadong/s/2005 as a parental strain to generate rescued wild-type a-s- and three ... | 2014 | 24743258 |
| experimentally infected domestic ducks show efficient transmission of indonesian h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, but lack persistent viral shedding. | ducks are important maintenance hosts for avian influenza, including h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. a previous study indicated that persistence of h5n1 viruses in ducks after the development of humoral immunity may drive viral evolution following immune selection. as h5n1 hpai is endemic in indonesia, this mechanism may be important in understanding h5n1 evolution in that region. to determine the capability of domestic ducks to maintain prolonged shedding of indonesian clade 2.1 ... | 2014 | 24392085 |
| quantitative transmission characteristics of different h5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in muscovy ducks. | eu annual serosurveillance programs show that domestic duck flocks have the highest seroprevalence of h5 antibodies, demonstrating the circulation of notifiable avian influenza virus (aiv) according to oie, likely low pathogenic (lp). therefore, transmission characteristics of lpaiv within these flocks can help to understand virus circulation and possible risk of propagation. this study aimed at estimating transmission parameters of four h5 lpaiv (three field strains from french poultry and deco ... | 2014 | 24287046 |
| pathogenicity of an h5n1 avian influenza virus isolated in vietnam in 2012 and reliability of conjunctival samples for diagnosis of infection. | the continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) subtype h5n1 among poultry in vietnam poses a potential threat to animals and public health. to evaluate the pathogenicity of a 2012 h5n1 hpaiv isolate and to assess the utility of conjunctival swabs for viral detection and isolation in surveillance, an experimental infection with hpaiv subtype h5n1 was carried out in domestic ducks. ducks were infected with 10(7.2) tcid50 of a/duck/vietnam/qb1207/2012 (h5n1), which was isol ... | 2014 | 24211664 |
| evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against the h5 subtype of influenza a virus in waterfowl. | the id screen influenza h5 antibody competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested for the detection of antibodies to the h5 subtype of influenza a (ia) virus in waterfowl. assays were conducted with sera obtained from mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica), experimentally infected with eight low pathogenic (lp) and nine highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1 ia viral strains. three incubation periods (1, 4 and 18 hours) and two dilutions (1:2 and 1:5) were t ... | 2013 | 24192340 |
| pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice of highly pathogenic h5n1 clade 2.3.2.1 influenza viruses recently circulating in eastern asia. | influenza virus a (h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1 has recently caused widespread outbreaks of disease in domestic poultry and wild birds in eastern asia. in the current study, the antigenicity and pathogenicity of three clade 2.3.2.1 viruses (ck/kr/gimje/08, ws/mongolia/1/09, and ws/mongolia/7/10) were investigated in domestic ducks and mice. the h5n1 influenza viruses in this study were antigenically similar to each other (r-values of 0.35-1.4). the three viruses replicated systemically in all tissues tes ... | 2013 | 24120936 |
| surveillance of avian influenza virus type a in semi-scavenging ducks in bangladesh. | ducks are the natural reservoir of influenza a virus and the central host for highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n1), while domestic ducks rearing in semi-scavenging system could serve as re-assortment vessels for re-emerging new subtypes of influenza viruses between birds to human. avian influenza virus (aiv) surveillance in bangladesh has been passive, relying on poultry farmers to report suspected outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza. here, the results of an active surveillance eff ... | 2013 | 24099526 |
| success factors for avian influenza vaccine use in poultry and potential impact at the wild bird-agricultural interface. | thirty-two epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influenza (hpai) have been reported in poultry and other birds since 1959. the ongoing h5n1 hpai epizootic that began in 1996 has also spilled over to infect wild birds. traditional stamping-out programs in poultry have resulted in eradication of most hpai epizootics. however, vaccination of poultry was added as a control tool in 1995 and has been used during five epizootics. over 113 billion doses of ai vaccine have been used in poultry from 200 ... | 2014 | 24026475 |
| differential cellular gene expression in duck trachea infected with a highly or low pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus. | avian influenza a (ai) viruses of subtypes h5 can cause serious disease outbreaks in poultry including panzootic due to h5n1 highly pathogenic (hp) viruses. these viruses are a threat not only for animal health but also public health due to their zoonotic potential. the domestic duck plays a major role in the epidemiological cycle of influenza virus subtypes h5 but little is known concerning host/pathogen interactions during influenza infection in duck species. in this study, a subtracted librar ... | 2013 | 24015922 |
| suboptimal protection against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from vietnam in ducks vaccinated with commercial poultry vaccines. | domestic ducks are the second most abundant poultry species in many asian countries including vietnam, and play a critical role in the epizootiology of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) [fao]. in this study, we examined the protective efficacy in ducks of two commercial h5n1 vaccines widely used in vietnam; re-1 containing a/goose/guangdong/1/1996 hemagglutinin (ha) clade 0 antigens, and re-5 containing a/duck/anhui/1/2006 ha clade 2.3.4 antigens. ducks received two doses of either v ... | 2013 | 23994373 |
| differential immune response of mallard duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells to two highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses with distinct pathogenicity in mallard ducks. | ck10 and gs10 are two h5n1 highly pathogenic influenza viruses of similar genetic background but differ in their pathogenicity in mallard ducks. ck10 is highly pathogenic whereas gs10 is low pathogenic. in this study, strong inflammatory response in terms of the expression level of several cytokines was observed in mallard duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) infected with ck10 while mild response was triggered in those by gs10 infection. two remarkable and intense peaks of immune resp ... | 2014 | 23963518 |
| the pa and ha gene-mediated high viral load and intense innate immune response in the brain contribute to the high pathogenicity of h5n1 avian influenza virus in mallard ducks. | most highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses cause only mild clinical signs in ducks, serving as an important natural reservoir of influenza a viruses. however, we isolated two h5n1 viruses that are genetically similar but differ greatly in virulence in ducks. a/chicken/jiangsu/k0402/2010 (ck10) is highly pathogenic, whereas a/goose/jiangsu/k0403/2010 (gs10) is low pathogenic. to determine the genetic basis for the high virulence of ck10 in ducks, we generated a series of single-gene reassor ... | 2013 | 23926340 |
| vaccination of domestic ducks against h5n1 hpai: a review. | domestic ducks play an important role in the epidemiology of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses. consequently, successful control of h5n1 hpai in ducks is important for the eradication of the disease in poultry and in preventing infections in humans. domestic ducks, however, include different species and breeds, and the susceptibility to infection, disease and response to vaccination can vary depending on the species and age of the bird. most domestic duck species are descenda ... | 2013 | 23916865 |
| effect of species, breed and route of virus inoculation on the pathogenicity of h5n1 highly pathogenic influenza (hpai) viruses in domestic ducks. | h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses continue to be a threat to poultry in many regions of the world. domestic ducks have been recognized as one of the primary factors in the spread of h5n1 hpai. in this study we examined the pathogenicity of h5n1 hpai viruses in different species and breeds of domestic ducks and the effect of route of virus inoculation on the outcome of infection. we determined that the pathogenicity of h5n1 hpai viruses varies between the two common farmed duc ... | 2013 | 23876184 |
| geographical distribution of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of domestic poultry in vietnam and their genetic relevance with asian isolates. | from the avian influenza virus (aiv) outbreaks and market surveillances in vietnam during november 2011 and march 2012, a total of 196 aiv were isolated. although h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) was the most prevalent subtype in vietnam, 57 low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses were identified from mainly domestic ducks and some chickens. of note, various subtypes of lpai viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in vietnam: h3 (n = 16), h4 (n = 4), h6 (n = 24), h7 (n = 1), ... | 2013 | 23873548 |
| the genetic and antigenic diversity of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks, muscovy ducks, and chickens in northern and southern vietnam, 2010-2012. | to estimate the prevalence of avian influenza virus infection in vietnam, surveillance was conducted in domestic and wild birds from households, live-bird markets, slaughtering sites, and bird sanctuaries in vietnam between october 2010 and october 2012. of the 4,550 samples collected, 226 influenza a virus isolates were obtained from domestic ducks, muscovy ducks, and chickens. of these, 25 and 22 h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) were isolated from apparently healthy dome ... | 2013 | 23861018 |
| the duck genome and transcriptome provide insight into an avian influenza virus reservoir species. | the duck (anas platyrhynchos) is one of the principal natural hosts of influenza a viruses. we present the duck genome sequence and perform deep transcriptome analyses to investigate immune-related genes. our data indicate that the duck possesses a contractive immune gene repertoire, as in chicken and zebra finch, and this repertoire has been shaped through lineage-specific duplications. we identify genes that are responsive to influenza a viruses using the lung transcriptomes of control ducks a ... | 2013 | 23749191 |
| differences in the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus in feather samples from 4-week-old and 24-week-old infected pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos var. domestica). | previous studies have reported the detection of h5n1 hpai virus in feathers from ducks naturally and experimentally infected and suggested that feather calami (fc) could be used as diagnostic samples for the early detection of h5n1 hpai infections. ducks are readily infected with h5n1 hpai viruses although the development of clinical signs and deaths were reported as age-related with younger birds being more susceptible. the correlation between age and virus localisation in fc of infected ducks ... | 2013 | 23608476 |
| the pb2, pa, ha, np, and ns genes of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/whooper swan/mongolia/3/2005 (h5n1) are responsible for pathogenicity in ducks. | wild ducks are the natural hosts of influenza a viruses. duck influenza, therefore, has been believed inapparent infection with influenza a viruses, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in chickens. in fact, ducks experimentally infected with an hpaiv strain, a/hong kong/483/1997 (h5n1) (hk483), did not show any clinical signs. another hpaiv strain, a/whooper swan/mongolia/3/2005 (h5n1) (mon3) isolated from a dead swan, however, caused neurological dysfunction and death i ... | 2013 | 23374292 |
| genome sequence of a natural reassortant h5n2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern china. | here, we report the genomic sequence of a chinese reassortant h5n2 avian influenza virus which possessed the polybasic motif plrekrrk-r/gl at the hemagglutinin cleavage site. phylogenetic analysis showed that all eight genes were of the eurasian lineage, five of which were highly homologous to the endemic clade 2.3.4 h5n1 viruses and their h5n5 reassortant descendants. these data suggested that novel multisubtypic na reassortants bearing the h5n1 backbone could be generated through genetic reass ... | 2012 | 23087121 |
| differences in pathogenicity, response to vaccination, and innate immune responses in different types of ducks infected with a virulent h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from vietnam. | in a previous study, we found clear differences in pathogenicity and response to vaccination against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai; ha dade 2.3.4) between pekin (anas platyrhynchos var. domestica) and muscovy (cairina moschata) ducks vaccinated using a commercial inactivated vaccine (re-1). the objective of the present study was to further investigate the pathogenicity of h5n1 hpai viruses in different species of ducks by examining clinical signs and innate immune responses to inf ... | 2012 | 23050463 |
| novel reassortant highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza viruses in poultry in china. | there has been multiple evidence that domestic poultry may act as a vessel for the generation of novel influenza a viruses. in this study, we have analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of 4 h5n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from apparently healthy poultry from h5n1 virus endemic areas in china. phylogenetic analysis revealed that two of these viruses, a/duck/eastern china/1111/2011 (dk/ec/1111/11) and a/goose/eastern china/1112/2011 (gs/ec/1112/11) were derived from reassortment events in ... | 2012 | 23049973 |
| saving resources: avian influenza surveillance using pooled swab samples and reduced reaction volumes in real-time rt-pcr. | the occurrence of highly pathogenic (hp) avian influenza (ai) h5n1 in asia and its spread to africa and europe prompted costly monitoring programs of wild birds and domestic poultry. ai virus excretion is tested by examining avian swab samples by real-time reverse transcription pcr (rt-qpcr). in this study, pools of swab samples and a reagents volume reduction per rt-qpcr were evaluated as measures of economization. viral transport medium and faecal matrices were spiked with different low pathog ... | 2012 | 22925717 |
| avian influenza surveillance reveals presence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in poultry during 2009-2011 in the west bengal state, india. | more than 70 outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 have been reported in poultry in the western and north-eastern parts of india. therefore, in view of the recent hpai h5n1 outbreaks in poultry, active ai surveillance encompassing wild, resident, migratory birds and poultry was undertaken during 2009-2011 in the state of west bengal. | 2012 | 22867041 |
| effect of age on the pathogenesis and innate immune responses in pekin ducks infected with different h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | the pathogenicity of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in domestic ducks varies between different viruses and is affected by the age of the ducks, with younger ducks presenting a more severe disease. in order to better understand the pathobiology of h5n1 hpai in ducks including the role of host responses, 2 and 5-week-old pekin ducks were infected with three different h5n1 hpai viruses. virus-induced pathology ranged from no clinical signs to severe disease and mortality, wit ... | 2012 | 22595263 |
| establishment and lineage replacement of h6 influenza viruses in domestic ducks in southern china. | domestic ducks in southern china act as an important reservoir for influenza viruses and have also facilitated the establishment of multiple h6 influenza virus lineages. to understand the continuing evolution of these established lineages, 297 h6 viruses isolated from domestic ducks during 2006 and 2007 were genetically and antigenically analyzed. phylogenetic analyses showed that group ii duck h6 viruses had replaced the previously predominant group i lineage and extended their geographic distr ... | 2012 | 22438558 |
| characterization of a highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus isolated from ducks in eastern china in 2011. | this study describes the characterization of seven h5n1 avian influenza viruses from domestic ducks in eastern china in 2011. phylogenetic analysis showed these viruses were closely related to an h5n1 virus circulating in wild birds in hong kong. some characteristics of these viruses were similar to those of an h5n1 strain that circulated in china and vietnam (2003-2004). the virulence of three isolates was examined in chickens and mice, and they were found to be highly pathogenic in chickens bu ... | 2012 | 22371029 |
| lessons from the largest epidemic of avian influenza viruses in taiwan, 2015. | the largest epidemic of avian influenza (ai) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout taiwan starting january 6, 2015. this study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. the h5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic ai viruses (hpaivs) had not been detected in taiwan before 2015. during this epidemic, four types of etiologi ... | 2016 | 27309051 |
| circulation of the low pathogenic avian influenza subtype h5n2 virus in ducks at a live bird market in ibadan, nigeria. | to monitor carrier hosts of avian influenza in nigeria, we randomly collected cloaca swab specimens from 155 ducks at a live bird market (lbm) in ibadan, southwest nigeria, between july 2011 and july 2012. | 2014 | 25671118 |
| prolonged excretion of a low-pathogenicity h5n2 avian influenza virus strain in the pekin duck. | h5n2 strains of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (lpaiv) have been circulating for at least 17 years in some mexican chicken farms. we measured the rate and duration of viral excretion from pekin ducks that were experimentally inoculated with an h5n2 lpaiv that causes death in embryonated chicken eggs (a/chicken/mexico/2007). leghorn chickens were used as susceptible host controls. the degree of viral excretion was evaluated with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2013 | 23820212 |
| effect of oseltamivir carboxylate consumption on emergence of drug-resistant h5n2 avian influenza virus in mallard ducks. | oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) has been detected in environmental waters at various levels during recent influenza seasons in humans, reflecting levels of usage and stability of this drug. in consideration of the role of waterfowl as hosts for influenza viruses that may contribute to human infections, we evaluated the effect of consumption of low doses of oc on development of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus mutants in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) infected with two different low-pathoge ... | 2013 | 23459475 |
| the impact of viral tropism and housing conditions on the transmission of three h5/h7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens. | in this study, shedding and transmission of three h5/h7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) in poultry was characterized and the impact of floor system on transmission was assessed. transmission experiments were simultaneously conducted with two groups of animals housed on either a grid or a floor covered with litter. transmission was observed for h5n2 a/ch/belgium/150vb/99 lpaiv. this virus was shed almost exclusively via the oropharynx and no impact of floor system was seen. transm ... | 2013 | 23398968 |
| migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | studies of pathogen transmission typically overlook that wildlife hosts can include both migrant and resident populations when attempting to model circulation. through the application of stable isotopes in flight feathers, we estimated the migration strategy of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) occurring on california wintering grounds. our study demonstrates that mallards- a principal host of avian influenza virus (aiv) in nature, contribute differently to virus gene flow depending on migration str ... | 2012 | 22971007 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in south korea between 2012 and 2014. | national surveillance of avian influenza virus (aiv) in south korea has been annually conducted for the early detection of aiv and responses to the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus. in this study, we report on a nationwide surveillance study of aiv in domestic poultry and wild birds in south korea between 2012 and 2014. | 2017 | 28292308 |
| neuroinvasive influenza virus a(h5n8) in fattening ducks, hungary, 2015. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a virus h5n8 was detected in far east asian countries during 2014 and emerged in late 2014 in european countries. hungary reported a hpai a(h5n8) outbreak during late winter of 2015 at a pekin duck fattening facility. epidemiologic monitoring was extended to holdings in neighboring areas and nearby habitats used by wild birds but failed to identify the source of infection. in addition to respiratory symptoms, the affected birds showed lethargy and neurona ... | 2016 | 27215706 |
| genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n8) virus from domestic ducks, england, november 2014. | genetic sequences of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n8) virus in england have high homology to those detected in mainland europe and asia during 2014. genetic characterization suggests this virus is an avian-adapted virus without specific affinity for zoonoses. spatio-temporal detections of h5n8 imply a role for wild birds in virus spread. | 2015 | 25898126 |
| pathologic changes in wild birds infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n8) viruses, south korea, 2014. | in january 2014, an outbreak of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n8) virus began on a duck farm in south korea and spread to other poultry farms nearby. during this outbreak, many sick or dead wild birds were found around habitats frequented by migratory birds. to determine the causes of death, we examined 771 wild bird carcasses and identified hpai a(h5n8) virus in 167. gross and histologic lesions were observed in pancreas, lung, brain, and kidney of baikal teals, be ... | 2015 | 25897841 |
| a novel highly pathogenic h5n8 avian influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in china. | migrating wild birds are considered natural reservoirs of influenza viruses and serve as a potential source of novel influenza strains in humans and livestock. during routine avian influenza surveillance conducted in eastern china, a novel h5n8 (sh-9) reassortant influenza virus was isolated from a mallard duck in china. blast analysis revealed that the ha, na, pb1, pa, np, and m segments of sh-9 were most closely related to the corresponding segments of a/duck/jiangsu/k1203/2010 (h5n8). the sh- ... | 2014 | 25363159 |
| novel reassortant influenza a(h5n8) viruses in domestic ducks, eastern china. | domestic ducks are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses and serve as reassortant hosts for new virus subtypes. we isolated 2 novel influenza a(h5n8) viruses from domestic ducks in eastern china, sequenced their genomes, and tested their pathogenicity in chickens and mice. circulation of these viruses may pose health risks for humans. | 2014 | 25075453 |
| a combination of ha and pa mutations enhances virulence in a mouse-adapted h6n6 influenza a virus. | h6n6 viruses are commonly isolated from domestic ducks, and avian-to-swine transmissions of h6n6 viruses have been detected in china. whether subsequent adaptation of h6n6 viruses in mammals would increase their pathogenicity toward humans is not known. to address this, we generated a mouse-adapted (ma) swine influenza h6n6 virus (a/swine/guangdong/k6/2010 [gdk6-ma]) which exhibited greater virulence than the wild-type virus (gdk6). amino acid substitutions in pb2 (e627k), pa (i38m), and hemaggl ... | 2014 | 25275121 |
| characterisation of one h6n6 influenza virus isolated from swine in china. | there is multiple evidence that swine may act as a vessel for the generation of novel influenza a viruses. in this study, we have analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of one strain of h6n6 influenza virus isolated from swine with clinical signs of infection in china. although phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus might originate from domestic ducks, pathogenicity experiments indicated that the virus replicated in mice without prior adaptation. these findings suggest that the virus h ... | 2013 | 23856405 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h6n8 avian influenza virus isolated from wild waterfowl in poyang lake, china. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of an h6n8 avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from wild waterfowl in poyang lake, china, in 2016. phylogenetic analysis showed that it was a novel reassortant aiv between domestic ducks and wild waterfowl. the finding of this study is helpful for our understanding of the ecology and the evolutionary characteristics of h6 subtypes of aiv in birds. | 2017 | 28153897 |
| a comparison of virulence of influenza a virus isolates from mallards in experimentally inoculated turkeys. | low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaiv) from wild waterfowl can and do cross species barriers, infecting and sometimes becoming established in domestic poultry. turkeys are naturally highly susceptible to lpaiv infections, especially with viruses from ducks. in this study, we describe clinical signs and lesions in experimentally inoculated commercial turkeys produced by a lpaiv, a/mallard/mn/1714/09 (h7n1), isolated from a mallard duck. our results demonstrate that this h7n1 isolate produ ... | 2013 | 24597123 |
| replication and adaptive mutations of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in tracheal organ cultures of different avian species. | transmission of avian influenza viruses (aiv) between different avian species may require genome mutations that allow efficient virus replication in a new species and could increase virulence. to study the role of domestic poultry in the evolution of aiv we compared replication of low pathogenic (lp) aiv of subtypes h9n2, h7n7 and h6n8 in tracheal organ cultures (toc) and primary embryo fibroblast cultures of chicken, turkey, pekin duck and homing pigeon. virus strain-dependent and avian species ... | 2012 | 22912693 |
| human infections with the emerging avian influenza a h7n9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome. | human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus emerged in eastern china in february, 2013, and has been associated with exposure to poultry. we report the clinical and microbiological features of patients infected with influenza a h7n9 virus and compare genomic features of the human virus with those of the virus in market poultry in zhejiang, china. | 2013 | 23623390 |
| phylogenetic and molecular analysis of an h7n7 avian influenza virus isolated in east dongting lake in 2012. | in march 2012, an h7n7 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) named a/wild goose/dongting/pc0360/2012 (h7n7) (dt/pc0360) was recovered from a wild goose in east dongting lake. we performed whole-genome sequencing of the isolate, and analyzed the phylogenetic and molecular characterization. | 2015 | 26248736 |
| the genesis and source of the h7n9 influenza viruses causing human infections in china. | a novel h7n9 influenza a virus first detected in march 2013 has since caused more than 130 human infections in china, resulting in 40 deaths. preliminary analyses suggest that the virus is a reassortant of h7, n9 and h9n2 avian influenza viruses, and carries some amino acids associated with mammalian receptor binding, raising concerns of a new pandemic. however, neither the source populations of the h7n9 outbreak lineage nor the conditions for its genesis are fully known. using a combination of ... | 2013 | 23965623 |
| transient expression of hemagglutinin antigen from low pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n7) in nicotiana benthamiana. | the influenza a virus is of global concern for the poultry industry, especially the h5 and h7 subtypes as they have the potential to become highly pathogenic for poultry. in this study, the hemagglutinin (ha) of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h7n7 subtype isolated from a swedish mallard anas platyrhynchos was sequenced, characterized and transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. recently, plant expression systems have gained interest as an alternative for the production of v ... | 2012 | 22442675 |
| protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against h9n2 avian influenza virus in ducks. | wild ducks play an important role in the evolution of avian influenza viruses (aivs). domestic ducks in china are known to carry and spread h9n2 aivs that are thought to have contributed internal genes for the recent outbreak of zoonotic h7n9 virus. in order to protect animal and public health, an effective vaccine is urgently needed to block and prevent the spread of h9n2 virus in ducks. we developed an inactivated h9n2 vaccine (with adjuvant montanide isa 70vg) based on an endemic h9n2 aiv and ... | 2015 | 26377565 |
| influenza a(h7n9) virus acquires resistance-related neuraminidase i222t substitution when infected mallards are exposed to low levels of oseltamivir in water. | influenza a virus (iav) has its natural reservoir in wild waterfowl, and new human iavs often contain gene segments originating from avian iavs. treatment options for severe human influenza are principally restricted to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), among which oseltamivir is stockpiled in preparedness for influenza pandemics. there is evolutionary pressure in the environment for resistance development to oseltamivir in avian iavs, as the active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) passes ... | 2015 | 26077257 |
| characterization of h7 influenza a virus in wild and domestic birds in korea. | during surveillance programs in korea between january 2006 and march 2011, 31 h7 avian influenza viruses were isolated from wild birds and domestic ducks and genetically characterized using large-scale sequence data. all korean h7 viruses belonged to the eurasian lineage, which showed substantial genetic diversity, in particular in the wild birds. the korean h7 viruses from poultry were closely related to those of wild birds. interestingly, two viruses originating in domestic ducks in our study ... | 2014 | 24776918 |
| role of poultry in the spread of novel h7n9 influenza virus in china. | the recent outbreak of h7n9 influenza in china has resulted in many human cases with a high fatality rate. poultry are the likely source of infection for humans on the basis of sequence analysis and virus isolations from live bird markets, but it is not clear which species of birds are most likely to be infected and shedding levels of virus sufficient to infect humans. intranasal inoculation of chickens, japanese quail, pigeons, pekin ducks, mallard ducks, muscovy ducks, and embden geese with 10 ... | 2014 | 24574407 |
| trim25 identification in the chinese goose: gene structure, tissue expression profiles, and antiviral immune responses in vivo and in vitro. | the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and the rig-i-like receptor (rlr) protein play a critical role in the interferon (ifn) response during rna virus infection. the tripartite motif containing 25 proteins (trim25) was reported to modify caspase activation and rig-i recruitment domains (cards) via ubiquitin. these modifications allow trim25 to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling molecules (mavs) and form card-card tetramers. goose trim25 was cloned from gosling lungs, which poss ... | 2016 | 27995135 |
| different outcomes of infection of chickens and ducks with a duck-origin h9n2 influenza a virus. | as the major aquatic and terrestrial hosts for avian influenza viruses (aivs), ducks and chickens play a critical role in the evolution and spread of the h9n2 virus. however, the outcomes of infection of ducks and chickens with the h9n2 virus are not sufficiently documented. in this study, we compared the outcomes of infection of chickens and peking ducks with a duck-origin h9n2 virus. the results showed that this virus caused more pronounced clinical signs and histological lesions in chickens. ... | 2014 | 25283856 |
| no evidence for homosubtypic immunity of influenza h3 in mallards following vaccination in a natural experimental system. | the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) is an important reservoir species for influenza a viruses (iav), and in this host, prevalence and virus diversity are high. studies have demonstrated the presence of homosubtypic immunity, where individuals are unlikely to be reinfected with the same subtype within an autumn season. further, evidence for heterosubtypic immunity exists, whereby immune responses specific for one subtype offer partial or complete protection against related ha subtypes. we utilized a ... | 2017 | 27997047 |
| an epidemiological study of avian influenza a (h5) virus in nomadic ducks and their raising practices in northeastern bangladesh, 2011-2012. | in bangladesh, nomadic duck flocks are groups of domestic ducks reared for egg production that are moved to access feeding sites beyond their owners' village boundaries and are housed overnight in portable enclosures in scavenging areas. the objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of influenza a virus rna and h5-specific antibodies in nomadic ducks and to characterize nomadic duck raising practices in northeastern bangladesh. | 2016 | 27966289 |
| does influenza a virus infection affect movement behaviour during stopover in its wild reservoir host? | the last decade has seen a surge in research on avian influenza a viruses (iavs), in part fuelled by the emergence, spread and potential zoonotic importance of highly pathogenic virus subtypes. the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread dabbling duck in the world, and one of the most important natural hosts for studying iav transmission dynamics. in order to predict the likelihood of iav transmission between individual ducks and to other hosts, as well as between geogra ... | 2016 | 26998334 |
| when fur and feather occur together: interclass transmission of avian influenza a virus from mammals to birds through common resources. | the potential role of wild mammals in avian influenza a virus (iav) transmission cycles has received some attention in recent years and cases where birds have transmitted iav to mammals have been documented. however, the contrasting cycle, wherein a mammal could transmit an avian iav to birds, has been largely overlooked. we experimentally tested the abilities of two mammalian species to transmit avian iav to mallards (anas platyrhynchos) in simulated natural environments. results suggested that ... | 2015 | 26400374 |
| duck trim27-l enhances mavs signaling and is absent in chickens and turkeys. | wild waterfowl, including mallard ducks, are the natural reservoir of avian influenza a virus and they are resistant to strains that would cause fatal infection in chickens. here we investigate potential involvement of trim proteins in the differential response of ducks and chickens to influenza. we examine a cluster of trim genes located on a single scaffold in the duck genome, which is a conserved synteny group with a trim cluster located in the extended mhc region in chickens and turkeys. we ... | 2015 | 26254985 |
| influenza a virus on oceanic islands: host and viral diversity in seabirds in the western indian ocean. | ducks and seabirds are natural hosts for influenza a viruses (iav). on oceanic islands, the ecology of iav could be affected by the relative diversity, abundance and density of seabirds and ducks. seabirds are the most abundant and widespread avifauna in the western indian ocean and, in this region, oceanic islands represent major breeding sites for a large diversity of potential iav host species. based on serological assays, we assessed the host range of iav and the virus subtype diversity in t ... | 2015 | 25996394 |
| infected or not: are pcr-positive oropharyngeal swabs indicative of low pathogenic influenza a virus infection in the respiratory tract of mallard anas platyrhynchos? | detection of influenza virus in oropharyngeal swabs collected during wild bird surveillance is assumed to represent respiratory infection, although intestine is the main site of infection. we tested this assumption by histological examination of the respiratory tract of wild mallards with virus-positive oropharyngeal swabs. thirty-two of 125 mallards tested had viral-rna positive oropharyngeal swabs. the respiratory tracts of four mallards with the most virus were examined in detail by immunohis ... | 2014 | 24885647 |
| spillover of ph1n1 to swine in cameroon: an investigation of risk factors. | the 2009 ph1n1 influenza pandemic resulted in at least 18,500 deaths worldwide. while ph1n1 is now considered to be in a post-pandemic stage in humans it has nevertheless spilled back into swine in at least 20 countries. understanding the factors that increase the risk of spillover events between swine and humans is essential to predicting and preventing future outbreaks. we assessed risk factors that may have led to spillover of ph1n1 from humans to swine in cameroon, central africa. we sampled ... | 2014 | 24593895 |
| prevalence of influenza a viruses in livestock and free-living waterfowl in uganda. | avian influenza viruses may cause severe disease in a variety of domestic animal species worldwide, with high mortality in chickens and turkeys. to reduce the information gap about prevalence of these viruses in animals in uganda, this study was undertaken. | 2014 | 24576325 |
| prevalence of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in mallards during autumn migration in the western baltic sea region. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) is the causative agent of the newcastle disease, a severe disease in birds associated with substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. sweden is situated along the western european waterfowl flyway and applies a non-vaccination policy combined with directives of immediate euthanisation of ndv infected flocks. during the last decades there have been several outbreaks with ndv in poultry in sweden. however, less is known about the virus prevalence i ... | 2013 | 24028398 |
| heterosubtypic immunity to influenza a virus infections in mallards may explain existence of multiple virus subtypes. | wild birds, particularly duck species, are the main reservoir of influenza a virus (iav) in nature. however, knowledge of iav infection dynamics in the wild bird reservoir, and the development of immune responses, are essentially absent. importantly, a detailed understanding of how subtype diversity is generated and maintained is lacking. to address this, 18,679 samples from 7728 mallard ducks captured between 2002 and 2009 at a single stopover site in sweden were screened for iav infections, an ... | 2013 | 23818849 |
| individual variation in influenza a virus infection histories and long-term immune responses in mallards. | wild dabbling ducks (genus anas) are the main reservoir for influenza a virus (iav) in the northern hemisphere. current understanding of disease dynamics and epidemiology in this virus-host system has primarily been based on population-level surveillance studies and infection experiments conducted in laboratory settings. using a combined experimental-natural approach with wild-strain captive mallards (anas platyrhynchos), we monitored individual iav infection histories and immunological response ... | 2013 | 23637797 |
| reassortant influenza a viruses in wild duck populations: effects on viral shedding and persistence in water. | wild ducks of the genus anas represent the natural hosts for a large genetic diversity of influenza a viruses. in these hosts, co-infections with different virus genotypes are frequent and result in high rates of genetic reassortment. recent genomic data have provided information regarding the pattern and frequency of these reassortant viruses in duck populations; however, potential consequences on viral shedding and maintenance in the environment have not been investigated. on the basis of full ... | 2012 | 22859590 |
| experimental exposure of franklins' gulls ( larvus pipixcan ) and mallards ( anas platyrhynchos ) to a turkey influenza a virus a/turkey/minn/bf/72 (hav6neq2). | gulls ( larvus pipixcan ) and mallards ( anas platyrhynchos ) were experimentally exposed to a turkey influenza a isolant, a/turkey/minn/bf/72 (hav6neq 2). no clinical signs of disease were observed in either species. tracheal shedding of virus from the gulls persisted for 24 days post-inoculation but virus later than 6 days post exposure could not be demonstrated in either tracheal or cloacal samples from the mallards. precipitating antibodies were not detected. hemagglutination-inhibition anti ... | 1977 | 24228965 |
| serological evidence of widespread west nile virus and japanese encephalitis virus infection in native domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos var domesticus) in kuttanad region, kerala, india. | birds can act as reservoirs of west nile virus (wnv) with a key role in its epidemiology. wnv lineage 1 associated fatal cases of human encephalitis in 2011 and acute flaccid paralysis in 2013 were reported in alappuzha district, kerala, india. but no information is available on wnv circulation in domestic ducks, which are abundant, cohabit with humans and occupy wetlands and water bodies in the region. to determine the extent of wnv infection, we investigated 209 sera, 250 oral and 350 cloacal ... | 2016 | 27638121 |
| two new species of maritrema nicoll, 1907 (digenea: microphallidae) from new zealand: morphological and molecular characterisation. | two new species of the microphallid genus maritrema (maritrema) nicoll, 1907 are described from freshwaters in the south island of new zealand. maritrema deblocki n. sp. occurs as an adult in the mallard anas platyrhynchos (l.); maritrema poulini n. sp. is found as sporocysts/cercariae in potamopyrgus antipodarum (gray) and as metacercariae in two species of amphipod and two species of isopod. we use morphological and molecular characterisation to distinguish between the two species, and compare ... | 2014 | 24562817 |
| [metorchis orientalis founded in basin of wuhu city, anhui province]. | to investigate the epidemic situation of metorchis orientalis in wuhu city, anhui province. | 2015 | 26510365 |
| outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial domestic pekin ducks ( anas platyrhynchos domestica). | avian tuberculosis is a contagious disease affecting various domestic and wild bird species, and is caused by mycobacterium avium . it is reported extremely rarely in commercial poultry flocks and has not been reported in commercial domestic ducks to date, with domestic ducks reported to be moderately resistant to m. avium infection. here, we report the outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos domestica) flocks. postmortem and histopathologic findings included ... | 2016 | 27610730 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium, isolated from commercial domestic pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica), determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | mycobacterium avium is an important pathogenic bacterium in birds and has never, to our knowledge, reported to be isolated from domestic ducks. we present here the complete genome sequence of a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium, isolated from domestic pekin ducks for the first time, which was determined by pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | 2016 | 27587804 |
| neospora caninum in wild waterfowl: occurrence of parasite dna and low antibody titers. | thirty-five adult waterfowl (14 males and 21 females) representing various orders and species were sampled during the hunting season from 2015 to 2016. antibodies to neospora caninum were detected by ifat on blood samples, while heart and brain were subjected to molecular analysis for the detection of neospora caninum dna. twelve birds (34.3%) (6 anas crecca , 3 anas platyrhynchos , 2 anas penelope , 1 anas acuta ) showed antibodies versus n. caninum , while 10 animals out of 35 (4 a. crecca , 2 ... | 2017 | 27805842 |
| complete genome sequence of a virulent newcastle disease virus strain isolated from a clinically healthy duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in pakistan. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of a virulent newcastle disease virus (vndv) strain, duck/pakistan/lahore/aw-123/2015, isolated from apparently healthy laying ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) from the province of punjab, pakistan. the virus has a genome length of 15,192 nucleotides and is classified as member of subgenotype viii, class ii. | 2016 | 27469959 |
| complete genome sequence of a genotype xvii newcastle disease virus, isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck in nigeria. | the first complete genome sequence of a strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) of genotype xvii is described here. a velogenic strain (duck/nigeria/903/kudu-113/1992) was isolated from an apparently healthy free-roaming domestic duck sampled in kuru, nigeria, in 1992. phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein gene and complete genome classified the isolate as a member of ndv class ii, genotype xvii. | 2016 | 26847901 |
| wild birds in romania are more exposed to west nile virus than to newcastle disease virus. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of west nile virus (wnv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) in wild and domestic birds from romania. during 2011-2014, 159 plasma samples from wild birds assigned to 11 orders, 27 families, and 61 species and from 21 domestic birds (gallus gallus domesticus, anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected. the sera were assayed by two commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) kits for antibodies against wnv and ndv. we ... | 2016 | 26824796 |
| identification and complete genome sequence analysis of a genotype xiv newcastle disease virus from nigeria. | the first complete genome sequence of a strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) from genotype xiv is reported here. strain duck/nigeria/ng-695/kg.lom.11-16/2009 was isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck from a live bird market in kogi state, nigeria, in 2009. this strain is classified as a member of subgenotype xivb of class ii. | 2016 | 26823576 |
| genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of newcastle disease virus isolated from domestic duck in south korea. | domestic ducks are considered a potential reservoir of newcastle disease virus. in the study, a newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolated from a domestic duck during surveillance in south korea was characterized. the complete genome of the ndv isolate was sequenced, and the phylogenetic relationship to reference strains was studied. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain clustered in genotype i of class ii nd viruses, has highly phylogenetic similarity to ndv strains isolated from waterfowl ... | 2016 | 26721461 |
| complete genome sequence of genotype ib newcastle disease virus isolated from a mallard (anas platyrhynchos) in russia. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a newcastle disease virus isolate, ndv/yakutiya/mallard/852/2011, isolated from a mallard in russia. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, this strain was clustered into class ii genotype ib. | 2015 | 26634762 |
| experimental co-infections of domestic ducks with a virulent newcastle disease virus and low or highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | infections with avian influenza viruses (aiv) of low and high pathogenicity (lp and hp) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) are commonly reported in domestic ducks in many parts of the world. however, it is not clear if co-infections with these viruses affect the severity of the diseases they produce, the amount of virus shed, and transmission of the viruses. in this study we infected domestic ducks with a virulent ndv virus (vndv) and either a lpaiv or a hpaiv by giving the viruses individually, ... | 2015 | 25759292 |
| molecular and antigenic characteristics of newcastle disease virus isolates from domestic ducks in china. | newcastle disease (nd) is one of the most devastating diseases to the poultry industry. the causative agents of nd are virulent strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv), which are members of the genus avulavirus within the family paramyxoviridae. waterfowl, such as ducks and geese, are generally considered potential reservoirs of ndv and may show few or no clinical signs when infected with viruses that are obviously virulent in chickens. however, nd outbreaks in domestic waterfowl have been freq ... | 2015 | 25725159 |
| phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity variation of two newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in southern china. | newcastle disease (nd) is an oie listed disease caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (apmv-1) strains, which is enzootic and causes large economic losses in the poultry sector. genotype vii and genotype ix ndv viruses were the predominant circulating genotype in china, which may possibly be responsible for disease outbreaks in chicken flocks in recent years. while ducks and geese usually have exhibited inapparent infections. | 2014 | 25117968 |