| usefulness of silkworm as a model animal for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity. | candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida grabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans are causative pathogens of opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised human patients. silkworms are killed by injection of these pathogenic fungi into their hemolymph. in this paper, we describe recent results by our laboratory and other researchers using gene-deficient strains of these pathogenic fungi. the silkworm is considered to be a useful model animal for understanding the pathogenicity of these fungi. si ... | 2015 | 26370522 |
| antimicrobial triterpenes from the stem bark of crossopteryx febrifuga. | phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of crossopteryx febrifuga resulted in the isolation of epimeric mixtures of 3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), as well as: 3β-d-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-d-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), together with some known compounds such as the monoglyceride of palmitic acid, as well as β-sitosterol and its glucoside. the structure ... | 2015 | 26352201 |
| cyclopalladated compound 7a induces apoptosis- and autophagy-like mechanisms in paracoccidioides and is a candidate for paracoccidioidomycosis treatment. | paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), caused by paracoccidioides species, is the main cause of death due to systemic mycoses in brazil and other latin american countries. therapeutic options for pcm and other systemic mycoses are limited and time-consuming, and there are high rates of noncompliance, relapses, toxic side effects, and sequelae. previous work has shown that the cyclopalladated 7a compound is effective in treating several kinds of cancer and parasitic chagas disease without significant toxi ... | 2015 | 26349827 |
| artemisia herba-alba essential oil from buseirah (south jordan): chemical characterization and assessment of safe antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses. | artemisia herba-alba asso ("desert wormwood" in english; "armoise blanche" in french; "shaih" in arabic), is a medicinal and strongly aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine by many cultures since ancient times. it is used to treat inflammatory disorders (colds, coughing, bronchitis, diarrhea), infectious diseases (skin diseases, scabies, syphilis) and others (diabetes, neuralgias). in jordanian traditional medicine, this plant is used as antiseptic and against skin diseases, scabies, ... | 2015 | 26277492 |
| clinical significance of the isolation of candida species from hospitalized patients. | in this study, we isolated and phenotypically identified 108 yeast strains from various clinical specimens collected from 100 hospitalized patients at three tertiary hospitals in são luís-maranhão, brazil, from july to december 2010. the isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to four of the most widely used antifungal agents in the surveyed hospitals, amphotericin b, fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and voriconazole. the species identified were candida albicans (41.4%), candida tropicalis (30 ... | 2015 | 26221096 |
| synthesis and antifungal evaluation of head-to-head and head-to-tail bisamidine compounds. | herein, we describe the antifungal evaluation of 43 bisamidine compounds, of which 26 are new, having the scaffold [am]-[hetar]-[linker]-[hetar]-[am], in which [am] is a cyclic or acyclic amidine group, [linker] is a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine ring, or an aliphatic chain of two to four carbon, and [hetar] is a 5,6-bicyclic heterocycle such as indole, benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, benzofuran, or benzothiophene. in the head-to-head series the two [hetar] units are oriented such that ... | 2015 | 26209266 |
| [evaluation of common commercial systems for the identification of yeast isolates in microbiology laboratories: a multicenter study]. | accurate and rapid identification of yeast isolates have become important in recent years for not only antifungal susceptibility testing due to the species-specific clinical resistance breakpoints but also early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in clinical microbiology laboratories species identification of yeasts is often performed with several commercial systems based on biochemical properties and rarely according to the physiological and morphological characteristics. the aim of ... | 2015 | 26167821 |
| soudanones a-g: antifungal isochromanones from the ascomycetous fungus cadophora sp. isolated from an iron mine. | one new isochromane (pseudoanguillosporin c, 2), seven isochromanones (soudanones a-g, 3-9), and six known analogues including 10 and 11 were isolated from a culture of the fungus cadophora sp. 10-5-2 m, collected from the subterranean 10th level of the soudan underground iron mine in minnesota. all of the compounds were tested against a panel of microbial pathogens, and 2, 3, 10, and 11 were found to have activity against cryptococcus neoformans (mic = 35, 40, 20, and 30 μg/ml, respectively). c ... | 2015 | 26035018 |
| synthesis, antiproliferative and antifungal activities of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted carnosic acid and carnosol derivatives. | abietane diterpenes exhibit an array of interesting biological activities, which have generated significant interest among the pharmacological community. starting from the abietane diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol, twenty four new triazole derivatives were synthesized using click chemistry. the compounds differ in the length of the linker and the substituent on the triazole moiety. the compounds were assessed as antiproliferative and antifungal agents. the antiproliferative activity was det ... | 2015 | 26007173 |
| synergistic antifungal activity of berberine derivative b-7b and fluconazole. | our previous study demonstrated berberine (bbr) and fluconazole (flc) used concomitantly exhibited a synergism against flc-resistant candida albicans in vitro. we also suggested bbr played a major antifungal role in the synergism of flc and bbr, while flc increased intracellular bbr concentrations. our following systematic structural modification and reconstruction of bbr core identified the novel scaffold of n-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)acet-amide derivatives 7a-i ... | 2015 | 25992630 |
| isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents' susceptibility profiles for common and uncommon opportunistic fungi collected in 2013: temporal analysis of antifungal drug resistance using clsi species-specific clinical breakpoints and proposed epidemiological cutoff values. | the in vitro activities of isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents were determined for 1613 clinical isolates of fungi (1320 isolates of candida spp., 155 of aspergillus spp., 103 of non-candida yeasts, and 35 non-aspergillus molds) collected during a global survey conducted in 2013. the vast majority of the isolates of the 21 different species of candida, with the exception of candida glabrata (mic90, 2 μg/ml), candida krusei (mic90, 1 μg/ml), and candida guilliermondii (m ... | 2015 | 25986029 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-g][1,8]naphthyridin-5-amine with potential antifungal and antitumor activity. | the microwave assisted reaction between heterocyclic o-aminonitriles 1 and cyclic ketones 2 catalyzed by zinc chloride led to new series of pyrazolo[3,4-b] [1,8]naphthyridin-5-amines 3 in good yields. this procedure provides several advantages such as being environmentally friendly, high yields, simple work-up procedure, broad scope of applicability and the protocol provides an alternative for the synthesis of pyrazolonaphthyridines. the whole series showed antifungal activities against candida ... | 2015 | 25985354 |
| antifungal susceptibility profiles of bloodstream yeast isolates by sensititre yeastone over nine years at a large italian teaching hospital. | sensititre yeastone (syo) is an affordable alternative to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing. in this study, the mics of yeast isolates from 1,214 bloodstream infection episodes, generated by syo during hospital laboratory activity (january 2005 to december 2013), were reanalyzed using current clsi clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cutoff values to assign susceptibility (or the wild-type [wt] phenotype) to systemic ant ... | 2015 | 25896705 |
| strong nucleosomes of yeasts. | yeast genome lacks visibly periodic sequences characteristic of strong nucleosomes (sns) originally discovered in a. thaliana, c. elegans, and h. sapiens. yet, the sequences with good match to the (rrrrryyyyy)n consensus of the sns do show preference to centromere regions of schizosaccharomyces pombe, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and cryptococcus neoformans - property characteristic of sns of higher eukaryotes. candida albicans is the first exception detected so far, where their sns do not have any ... | 2016 | 25893982 |
| global analysis of fungal morphology exposes mechanisms of host cell escape. | developmental transitions between single-cell yeast and multicellular filaments underpin virulence of diverse fungal pathogens. for the leading human fungal pathogen candida albicans, filamentation is thought to be required for immune cell escape via induction of an inflammatory programmed cell death. here we perform a genome-scale analysis of c. albicans morphogenesis and identify 102 negative morphogenetic regulators and 872 positive regulators, highlighting key roles for ergosterol biosynthes ... | 2015 | 25824284 |
| clerodane type diterpene as a novel antifungal agent from polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. | bioactivity-guided chemical examination of methanolic extract of leaves of polyalthia longifolia var. pendula led to the isolation of the active constituent, a diterpene 1 which was identified as 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)z-dien-15,16-olide on the basis of its spectral data. among the tested strains, diterpene 1 was found to exhibit antifungal activities having mic90 values of 50.3, 100.6 and 201.2 μm against candida albicans ncim3557, cryptococcus neoformans ncim3542 (human pathogens) and neur ... | 2015 | 25747495 |
| synthesis of novel thiazole-based 8,9-dihydro-7h-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines as potential antitumor and antifungal agents. | a new series of novel thiazole-based 8,9-dihydro-7h-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines 6a-g and 7a-g were obtained with high regioselectivity from the reaction of triamino- or tetraaminopyrimidines 4 and 5 with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 3a-g based on 2,4-dichlorothiazol-5-carbaldehyde 1. twelve of the synthesized compounds were selected and tested by us national cancer institute (nci) for their antitumor activity against 60 different human tumor cell lines. compounds 7d and 7g showed import ... | 2015 | 25638570 |
| antifungal activity of extracts from cynomorium coccineum growing wild in sardinia island (italy). | cynomorium coccineum l. is a non-photosynthetic plant, spread over mediterranean countries, amply used in traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the antifungal activity of its extracts. the antifungal activity was evaluated using the macrodilution method against candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophyte strains. the methanolic extract was very active against c. neoformans, candida guilliermondii and candida krusei, with minimal inhibitory conc ... | 2015 | 25598435 |
| extracellular vesicle-mediated export of fungal rna. | extracellular vesicles (evs) play an important role in the biology of various organisms, including fungi, in which they are required for the trafficking of molecules across the cell wall. fungal evs contain a complex combination of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and glycans. in this work, we aimed to describe and characterize rna in ev preparations from the human pathogens cryptococcus neoformans, paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and candida albicans, and from the model yeast saccharomyc ... | 2015 | 25586039 |
| unisexual reproduction drives meiotic recombination and phenotypic and karyotypic plasticity in cryptococcus neoformans. | in fungi, unisexual reproduction, where sexual development is initiated without the presence of two compatible mating type alleles, has been observed in several species that can also undergo traditional bisexual reproduction, including the important human fungal pathogens cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans. while unisexual reproduction has been well characterized qualitatively, detailed quantifications are still lacking for aspects of this process, such as the frequency of recombinatio ... | 2014 | 25503976 |
| in vitro anti-yeast activity of chloramphenicol: a preliminary report. | chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent but its antifungal activity is not known. the present study aimed to investigate the activity of chloramphenicol against 30 representative yeasts. the antimicrobial assay of chloramphenicol (50mg/ml; 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml) was determined by the disc diffusion method using mueller-hinton agar against 30 representative yeast strains. zone of inhibition was read after 48-72h incubation at 37°c and results were compared with some standard antif ... | 2015 | 25497707 |
| anti-candida and anti-cryptococcus antifungal produced by marine microorganisms. | in order to search for antifungal from biological origin, we performed a screening of marine microorganisms isolated from seawater, seaweed, sediment and marine invertebrates collected from different coastal areas of the moroccan atlantic ocean. the antifungal activities of these isolates were investigated against the pathogenic yeasts involved in medical mycology. whole cultures of 34 marine microorganisms were screened for antifungal activities using the method of agar diffusion against four y ... | 2014 | 25442916 |
| functional profiling of human fungal pathogen genomes. | fungal infections are challenging to diagnose and often difficult to treat, with only a handful of drug classes existing. understanding the molecular mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi cause human disease is imperative. here, we discuss how the development and use of genome-scale genetic resources, such as whole-genome knockout collections, can address this unmet need. using work in saccharomcyes cerevisiae as a guide, studies of cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans have shown how the ... | 2014 | 25377143 |
| comparative genomics of pneumocystis species suggests the absence of genes for myo-inositol synthesis and reliance on inositol transport and metabolism. | in the context of deciphering the metabolic strategies of the obligate pathogenic fungi in the genus pneumocystis, the genomes of three species (p. carinii, p. murina, and p. jirovecii) were compared among themselves and with the free-living, phylogenetically related fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe). the underrepresentation of amino acid metabolism pathways compared to those in s. pombe, as well as the incomplete steroid biosynthesis pathway, were confirmed for p. carinii and p. jirovec ... | 2014 | 25370490 |
| host cell invasion by medically important fungi. | to infect the host and cause disease, many medically important fungi invade normally nonphagocytic host cells, such as endothelial cells and epithelial cells. host cell invasion is a two-step process consisting of adherence followed by invasion. there are two general mechanisms of host cell invasion, induced endocytosis and active penetration. furthermore, fungi can traverse epithelial or endothelial cell barriers either by proteolytic degradation of intercellular tight junctions or via a trojan ... | 2014 | 25367974 |
| compositional and immunobiological analyses of extracellular vesicles released by candida albicans. | the release of extracellular vesicles (ev) by fungal organisms is considered an alternative transport mechanism to trans-cell wall passage of macromolecules. previous studies have revealed the presence of ev in culture supernatants from fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, malassezia sympodialis and candida albicans. here we investigated the size, composition, kinetics of internalization by bone marrow-der ... | 2015 | 25287304 |
| epidemiology and identification of potential fungal pathogens causing invasive fungal infections in a tertiary care hospital in northeast thailand. | invasive fungal infections (ifis) are life threatening and associated with a high mortality rate. here, we describe the distribution of pathogens, host risk factors, and significance of fungi isolated from patients with ifis. the study included 861 fungal isolates recovered between 2006 and 2011 from 802 patients at srinagarind hospital, thailand. based on the european organization for research and treatment of cancer/invasive fungal infections cooperative group and the national institute of all ... | 2014 | 25231771 |
| novel triazole alcohol antifungals derived from fluconazole: design, synthesis, and biological activity. | a series of new triazole alcohol antifungals were designed by replacing one of the triazolyl moiety from fluconazole with a distinct 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole motif, which is found in some antimicrobial agents. the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of target compounds demonstrated that the direct analogs of fluconazole (difluorophenethyl-triazoles) were less active against fungi, while compound 10h containing dichloro substitutions on both phenyl rings of the molecule had potent activ ... | 2015 | 25182365 |
| which tree orders in southern africa have the highest antimicrobial activity and selectivity against bacterial and fungal pathogens of animals? | the study randomly screened leaf extracts of several hundred southern african tree species against important microbial pathogens to determine which taxa have the highest activity and may yield useful products to treat infections in the animal health market. | 2014 | 25164197 |
| the production of reactive oxygen species is a universal action mechanism of amphotericin b against pathogenic yeasts and contributes to the fungicidal effect of this drug. | amphotericin b (amb) is an antifungal drug that binds to ergosterol and forms pores at the cell membrane, causing the loss of ions. in addition, amb induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), and although these molecules have multiple deleterious effects on fungal cells, their specific role in the action mechanism of amb remains unknown. in this work, we studied the role of ros in the action mechanism of amb. we determined the intracellular induction of ros in 44 isolates of diff ... | 2014 | 25155595 |
| supercritical co₂ extraction of volatile oils from sardinian foeniculum vulgare ssp. vulgare (apiaceae): chemical composition and biological activity. | this article reports the results on the composition and antifungal effect of volatile extracts obtained from the aerial parts of sardinian wild fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill.), by supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) and by hydrodistillation (hd). the extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for qualitative composition and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector to establish the percentage of constituents. the main components were fenchone (7.1% vs. 8.8%), estragole ... | 2014 | 25115687 |
| rapid mechanisms for generating genome diversity: whole ploidy shifts, aneuploidy, and loss of heterozygosity. | human fungal pathogens can exist in a variety of ploidy states, including euploid and aneuploid forms. ploidy change has a major impact on phenotypic properties, including the regulation of interactions with the human host. in addition, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant isolates is often associated with the formation of specific supernumerary chromosomes. pathogens such as candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans appear particularly well adapted for propagation in multiple ploidy states ... | 2014 | 25081629 |
| synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin and fluconazole. | the incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in recent years. the present study mainly investigated glabridin (gla) alone and especially in combination with fluconazole (flc) against cryptococcus neoformans and candida species (candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis and candida glabratas) by different methods. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) indicated that gla possessed a broad-spectrum ant ... | 2014 | 25058485 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of supercritical extract and essential oil of tanacetum vulgare growing wild in lithuania. | this article reports the results concerning the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts of tanacetum vulgare, collected in lithuania, by supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) with co2 at 90 bar and 40 °c and by hydrodistillation (hd). gc-ms and gc-fid analysis revealed that the oils mainly consisted of 1,8-cineole, trans-thujone, cis-chrysanthenol, borneol and myrtenol. oils obtained by hd displayed, with respect to the sfe volatile oil, a highe ... | 2014 | 25055158 |
| antifungal terpenoids from hyalis argentea var. latisquama. | a detailed chemical study of the aerial parts and rhizomes of hyalis argentea var. latisquama yielded a variety of sesqui- and diterpenes. in total, 26 compounds were isolated and identified, of which four are new, namely, two ent-kaurenes (1 and 2), a diterpene lactone (3), and a lindenanolide (4). the previously reported compounds included a series of lindenanolides, guaianolides, elemanolides, and additional diterpenes. the antifungal activity of the isolated compounds was tested against cryp ... | 2014 | 25026191 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity correlation study of a series of imidazol-based compounds as candida albicans inhibitors. | a new series of 2-(1h-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethanol derivatives was synthesized. the antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against different fungal species. the biological results show that the most active compounds possess an antifungal activity comparable or higher than fluconazole against candida albicans, non-albicans candida species, cryptococcus neoformans and dermathophytes. because of their racemic nature, the most active compounds 5f and 6c were tested as pure enantiomers. for 6c ... | 2014 | 25010937 |
| [establishment and evaluation of a double antibody sandwich elisa to detect csa2 protein of candida albicans]. | to establish a double antibody sandwich elisa for detecting csa2 protein in candida albicans infection and evaluate its specificity and sensitivity. | 2014 | 25001939 |
| design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel triazole derivatives containing substituted 1,2,3-triazole-piperdine side chains. | due to increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections and severe drug resistance to triazole antifungal agents, a series of novel antifungal triazoles with substituted triazole-piperidine side chains were designed and synthesized. most of the target compounds showed good inhibitory activity against a variety of clinically important fungal pathogens. in particular, compounds 8t and 8v were highly active against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans with mic values in the range of 0.125 ... | 2014 | 24934573 |
| concurrent subcutaneous candidal abscesses and pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and a history of corticosteroid therapy. | a 50-year-old man with a history of long-term corticosteroid treatment following adrenalectomy for cushing's syndrome and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was admitted for an examination of an abnormal thoracic shadow. cryptococcal serum antigens were positive, and the histopathology of a lung biopsy showed encapsulated yeast resembling cryptococcus neoformans. on admission, the serum β-d-glucan level was approximately twice the cutoff value, several nodules were observed on both legs and magnetic ... | 2014 | 24930663 |
| efficient synthesis of novel 3-aryl-5-(4-chloro-2-morpholinothiazol-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles and their antifungal activity alone and in combination with commercial antifungal agents. | the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 5a-f were prepared by reaction between 2-chloro-4-morpholinothiazol-5-carbaldehyde 3 and substituted acetophenones 4a-f. treatment of compounds 5a-f with hydrazine hydrate employing mild reaction conditions led to the formation of 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles 6a-f. then the treatment with acetic anhydride or formic acid afforded the expected 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles 7a-f and 8a-f. the antifungal activity of each series of synthesized compounds was determined ag ... | 2014 | 24895219 |
| unisexual reproduction. | sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, but the capacity of pathogenic fungi to undergo sexual reproduction has been a matter of intense debate. pathogenic fungi maintained a complement of conserved meiotic genes but the populations appeared to be clonally derived. this debate was resolved first with the discovery of an extant sexual cycle and then unisexual reproduction. unisexual reproduction is a distinct form of homothallism that dispenses with the requirement fo ... | 2014 | 24880737 |
| cold-active antibacterial and antifungal activities and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from an alpine hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial site. | selection pressure in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils may lead not only to increased microbial resistance to antibiotics, but also to increased capacity of the soil indigenous population to produce antimicrobial compounds. therefore, we studied the antibiotic resistance pattern and antibacterial and/or antifungal activities of 47 bacterial strains isolated from an industrial alpine site heavily polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. resistance to penicillin was more widespread (49%) than resistanc ... | 2014 | 24880083 |
| multi-probe real-time pcr identification of four common candida species in blood culture broth. | we developed a single-tube real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with multiple hybridization probes for detecting candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. glabrata, and c. parapsilosis. primers were designed to amplify 18s rrna gene of the genus candida, and dna probes were designed to hybridize two areas of the amplicons. the amplification curves and specific melting peaks of the probes hybridized with pcr product were used for definite species identifications. the reaction specificity was ... | 2014 | 24740169 |
| use of the vitek 2 system to identify and test the antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant yeast species. | eleven quality control isolates (candida albicans atcc 64548, c. tropicalis atcc 200956, c. glabrata atcc 90030, c. lusitaniae atcc 200951, c. parapsilosis atcc 22019, c. krusei atcc 6258, c. dubliniensis atcc 6330, saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc 9763, cryptococcus neoformans atcc 90012, c. gattii fiocruz-cpf 60, and trichosporon mucoides atcc 204094) and 32 bloodstream isolates, including c. albicans, c. tropicalis, c. parapsilosis, c. glabrata, c. krusei, c. guilliermondii, c. pelliculosa (pich ... | 2013 | 24688520 |
| antifungal chitinase against human pathogenic yeasts from coprinellus congregatus. | the inky cap, coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms which become autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets, in which no cell wall is detected by microscopy. a chitinase (chi2) which is synthesized during the autolytic phase of c. congregatus inhibits the growths of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans up to 10% at the concentration of 10 μg/ml, about 50% at concentration of 20 μg/ml, and up to 95% at the concentration of 70 μg/ml. upon treatment these yeast cells are obse ... | 2014 | 24535739 |
| differentiation of the emerging human pathogens trichosporon asahii and trichosporon asteroides from other pathogenic yeasts and moulds by using species-specific monoclonal antibodies. | the fungal genus trichosporon contains emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans, and is the third most commonly isolated non-candidal yeast from humans. trichosporon asahii and t. asteroides are the most important species causing disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, while inhalation of t. asahii spores is the most important cause of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in healthy individuals. trichosporonosis is misdiagnosed as candidiasis or cryptococcosis due to a lack of ... | 2014 | 24392156 |
| the cellular roles of ccr4-not in model and pathogenic fungi-implications for fungal virulence. | the fungal ccr4-not complex has been implicated in orchestrating gene expression networks that impact on pathways key for virulence in pathogenic species. the activity of ccr4-not regulates cell wall integrity, antifungal drug susceptibility, adaptation to host temperature, and the developmental switches that enable the formation of pathogenic structures, such as filamentous hyphae. moreover, ccr4-not impacts on dna repair pathways and genome stability, opening the possibility that this gene reg ... | 2013 | 24391665 |
| quorum sensing-mediated, cell density-dependent regulation of growth and virulence in cryptococcus neoformans. | quorum sensing (qs) is a cell density-dependent mechanism of communication between microorganisms, characterized by the release of signaling molecules that affect microbial metabolism and gene expression in a synchronized way. in this study, we investigated cell density-dependent behaviors mediated by conditioned medium (cm) in the pathogenic encapsulated fungus cryptococcus neoformans. cm produced dose-dependent increases in the growth of planktonic and biofilm cells, glucuronoxylomannan releas ... | 2013 | 24381301 |
| ordered kinetochore assembly in the human-pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans. | kinetochores facilitate interaction between chromosomes and the spindle apparatus. the formation of a metazoan trilayered kinetochore is an ordered event in which inner, middle, and outer layers assemble during disassembly of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. the existence of a similar strong correlation between kinetochore assembly and nuclear envelope breakdown in unicellular eukaryotes is unclear. studies in the hemiascomycetous budding yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans ... | 2013 | 24085781 |
| antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from the cerrado of the centralwestern region of brazil. | ethanol extracts from six selected species from the cerrado of the central-western region of brazil, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and other medical conditions, namely erythroxylum suberosum st. hil. (erythroxylaceae), hyptis crenata pohl. ex benth. (lamiaceae), roupala brasiliensis klotz. (proteaceae), simarouba versicolor st. hil. (simaroubaceae), guazuma ulmifolia lam. (sterculiaceae) and protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march. (burseraceae), as w ... | 2012 | 24031956 |
| antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi derived from three seagrass species: cymodocea serrulata, halophila ovalis and thalassia hemprichii. | endophytic fungi from three commonly found seagrasses in southern thailand were explored for their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites. one hundred and sixty endophytic fungi derived from cymodoceaserrulata (family cymodoceaceae), halophilaovalis and thalassiahemprichii (family hydrocharitaceae) were screened for production of antimicrobial compounds by a colorimetric broth microdilution test against ten human pathogenic microorganisms including staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, a clini ... | 2013 | 23977310 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans and other opportunistic fungi from pigeon droppings. | invasive fungal infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. pigeon droppings could especially be a potential carrier in the spread of pathogenic yeasts and mold fungi into the environment. the objective of this study was to isolation of cryptococcus neoformans and other opportunistic fungi from pigeon droppings. | 2013 | 23901339 |
| lipolytic enzymes involved in the virulence of human pathogenic fungi. | pathogenic microbes secrete various enzymes with lipolytic activities to facilitate their survival within the host. lipolytic enzymes include extracellular lipases and phospholipases, and several lines of evidence have suggested that these enzymes contribute to the virulence of pathogenic fungi. candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans are the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogens, and several biochemical and molecular approaches have identified their extracellular lipolytic enzymes. ... | 2013 | 23874127 |
| invasive fungal infections in argentine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). invasive fungal infections (ifi) comprise a group of diseases caused by cryptococcus, histoplasma, aspergillus and candida. few studies of ifi have been published in patients with sle and associated factors have not been completely defined. | 2013 | 23861029 |
| use of image cytometry for quantification of pathogenic fungi in association with host cells. | studies of the cellular pathogenesis mechanisms of pathogenic yeasts such as candida albicans, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus neoformans commonly employ infection of mammalian hosts or host cells (i.e. macrophages) followed by yeast quantification using colony forming unit analysis or flow cytometry. while colony forming unit enumeration has been the most commonly used method in the field, this technique has disadvantages and limitations, including slow growth of some fungal species on ... | 2013 | 23851941 |
| in vitro activities of isavuconazole and comparator antifungal agents tested against a global collection of opportunistic yeasts and molds. | isavuconazole is a new broad-spectrum triazole with a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. we report the mic distributions for isavuconazole and 111 isolates of candida (42 candida albicans, 25 candida glabrata, 22 candida parapsilosis, 14 candida tropicalis, and 8 candida krusei isolates), as determined by clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) and european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) broth microdilution (bmd) methods. also, the relative activ ... | 2013 | 23740727 |
| echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for clinical opportunistic yeast and mold isolates collected from 2010 to 2011: application of new clsi clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values for characterization of geographic and temporal trends of antifungal resistance. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program monitors global susceptibility and resistance rates of newer and established antifungal agents. we report the echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility patterns for 3,418 contemporary clinical isolates of yeasts and molds. the isolates were obtained from 98 laboratories in 34 countries during 2010 and 2011. yeasts not presumptively identified by chromagar, the trehalose test, or growth at 42°c and all molds were sequence identified using in ... | 2013 | 23720791 |
| discovery of highly potent triazole antifungal derivatives by heterocycle-benzene bioisosteric replacement. | on the basis of our previously discovered triazole antifungal lead compounds, heterocycle-benzene bioisosteric replacement was used to improve their pharmacokinetic profile. the designed new triazole derivatives have good antifungal activity toward a wide range of pathogenic fungi. their binding mode with the target enzyme was clarified by molecular docking. the mic value of the highly potent compound 8f against candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and cryptococcus neoformans is 0.016 μg/ml, 0. ... | 2013 | 23643831 |
| facile construction of structurally diverse thiazolidinedione-derived compounds via divergent stereoselective cascade organocatalysis and their biological exploratory studies. | in this article, we present a new approach by merging two powerful synthetic tactics, divergent synthesis and cascade organocatalysis, to create a divergent cascade organocatalysis strategy for the facile construction of new "privileged" substructure-based dos (pdos) library. as demonstrated, notably 5 distinct molecular architectures are produced facilely from readily available simple synthons thiazolidinedione and its analogues and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in 1-3 steps with the powerful strat ... | 2013 | 23614347 |
| regulation of copper toxicity by candida albicans gpa2. | copper is an essential nutrient that is toxic to cells when present in excess. the fungal pathogen candida albicans employs several mechanisms to survive in the presence of excess copper, but the molecular pathways that govern these responses are not completely understood. we report that deletion of gpa2, which specifies a g-protein α subunit, confers increased resistance to excess copper and propose that the increased resistance is due to a combination of decreased copper uptake and an increase ... | 2013 | 23584994 |
| ploidy variation as an adaptive mechanism in human pathogenic fungi. | changes in ploidy have a profound and usually negative influence on cellular viability and proliferation, yet the vast majority of cancers and tumours exhibit an aneuploid karyotype. whether this genomic plasticity is a cause or consequence of malignant transformation remains uncertain. systemic fungal pathogens regularly develop aneuploidies in a similar manner during human infection, often far in excess of the natural rate of chromosome nondisjunction. as both processes fundamentally represent ... | 2013 | 23380396 |
| determination of chitin content in fungal cell wall: an alternative flow cytometric method. | the conventional methods used to evaluate chitin content in fungi, such as biochemical assessment of glucosamine release after acid hydrolysis or epifluorescence microscopy, are low throughput, laborious, time-consuming, and cannot evaluate a large number of cells. we developed a flow cytometric assay, efficient, and fast, based on calcofluor white staining to measure chitin content in yeast cells. a staining index was defined, its value was directly related to chitin amount and taking into cons ... | 2013 | 23359335 |
| assessment of plant lectin antifungal potential against yeasts of major importance in medical mycology. | the search for new compounds with antifungal activity is accelerating due to rising yeast and fungal resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. among the molecules being investigated, plant lectins can be highlighted. the present work shows the potential of six plant lectins which were tested in vitro against yeasts of medical importance, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, cryptococcus gattii, cryptococcus neoformans, malassezia pachydermatis, rhodotorula sp. and trichospo ... | 2013 | 23161017 |
| new secondary metabolites from bioactive extracts of the fungus armillaria tabescens. | ethyl acetate extracts of armillaria tabescens (strain jnb-oz344) showed significant fungistatic and bacteristatic activities against several major human pathogens including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, escherichia coli and mycobacterium intracellulare. chemical analysis of these extracts led to the isolation and identification of four new compounds, emestrin-f (1), emestrin-g (2), 6-o-(4-o-methyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-8-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4h-benzopyran-4-one (3) and cephalosporoli ... | 2013 | 23140424 |
| 1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides: inhibitory effect on virulence factors of candida albicans and on the growth of bacterial pathogens. | a homologous series of 1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides, termed compounds 1-11, was synthesized and studied for antibacterial and antifungal activity. of these, compound 8, containing a ten-carbon alkyl chain, showed maximum inhibition against all the tested bacterial strains. the highest antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion method was recorded against mycobacterium smegmatis [zone of inhibition (zoi): 45.75±0.25 mm], followed by escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, vibrio ... | 2013 | 23118472 |
| lipid raft involvement in yeast cell growth and death. | the notion that cellular membranes contain distinct microdomains, acting as scaffolds for signal transduction processes, has gained considerable momentum. in particular, a class of such domains that is rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol, termed as lipid rafts, is thought to compartmentalize the plasma membrane, and to have important roles in survival and cell death signaling in mammalian cells. likewise, yeast lipid rafts are membrane domains enriched in sphingolipids and ergosterol, the yeas ... | 2012 | 23087902 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of diverse c-2 pyridinyl and pyridinylvinyl substituted quinolines. | diverse 2-pyridinyl quinolines 6-12 and 2-pyridinilvinyl quinolines 13-17 were prepared using a straightforward synthesis based on the bicl(3)-catalyzed multicomponent imino diels-alder (imino da) reaction or a novel tandem imino da/catalytic tetrahydroquinoline ring oxidation/perkin condensation sequential process. all members of the series showed activities against dermatophytes and some of them possessed a broad spectrum of action. 2-(pyridin-4-yl)quinoline 9 and 2-(2-pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)quino ... | 2012 | 23036332 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole as determined by the 2010 national china hospital invasive fungal surveillance net (chif-net) study. | we conducted active, laboratory-based surveillance for isolates from patients with invasive infections across china from august 2009 to july 2010. dna sequencing methods were used to define species, and susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole was determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute m44-a2 disk diffusion method but using up-to-date clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cutoff values. candida spp. made up 90.5% of the 814 yeast strains isolated, followed by crypt ... | 2012 | 23035204 |
| structure-activity relationship study of nitrosopyrimidines acting as antifungal agents. | the design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and conformational study of nitrosopyrimidine derivatives acting as antifungal agents are reported. different compounds structurally related with 4,6-bis(alkyl or arylamino)-5-nitrosopyrimidines were evaluated. some of these nitrosopyrimidines have displayed a significant antifungal activity against human pathogenic strains. in this paper, we report a new group of nitrosopyrimidines acting as antifungal agents. among them, compounds 2a, 2b and 15, the ... | 2012 | 22995772 |
| chemical and antifungal investigations of six lippia species (verbenaceae) from brazil. | the lippia genus is used in ethnobotany as food, beverages, seasoning and antiseptic remedies, among others. the chemical compositions of fifteen extracts of six lippia species were investigated comparatively by hplc-pda. to avoid data replication of previous works on this genus, lippia lupulina cham. root ethanol extract was selected for isolation procedures based on principal component analyses (pca) of such data. seven compounds previously unreported in this genus were isolated from this extr ... | 2012 | 22953960 |
| t-2307 causes collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in yeast. | t-2307, an arylamidine compound, has been previously reported to have broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against clinically significant pathogens, including candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus species, and is now undergoing clinical trials. here we investigated the mechanism of action of t-2307 using yeast cells and mitochondria isolated from yeast and rat liver. nonfermentative growth of candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae in glycerol mediu ... | 2012 | 22948882 |
| inhibition of α-class cytosolic human carbonic anhydrases i, ii, ix and xii, and β-class fungal enzymes by carboxylic acids and their derivatives: new isoform-i selective nanomolar inhibitors. | the members of a focused series of carboxylic acids and of their derivatives (esters, amides and metal complexes) have been investigated as inhibitors of the main cytosolic/transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isoforms, ca i, ii, ix and xii, belonging to the mammalian α-class of cas. these enzymes are present in red blood cells in submillimolar concentration, and typical sulfonamide ca inhibitors do not selectively inhibit any of them. among such isozymes, the isoform-i is an 'orphan' target that me ... | 2012 | 22901388 |
| roles of cch1 and mid1 in morphogenesis, oxidative stress response and virulence in candida albicans. | ca(2+) channel cch1, and its subunit mid1, has been suggested as the protein complex responsible for mediating ca(2+) influx, which is often employed by fungal cells to maintain cell survival. the abilities of morphological switch and response to stress conditions are closely related to pathogenicity in candida albicans. cch1 and mid1 activity are required for virulence of cryptococcus neoformans and claviceps purpurea, respectively. to investigate whether cch1 and mid1 also play a role in the v ... | 2012 | 22886468 |
| formamido-diterpenes from the south china sea sponge acanthella cavernosa. | seven new formamido-diterpenes, cavernenes a-d (1-4), kalihinenes e and f (5-6), and kalihipyran c (7), together with five known compounds (8-12), were isolated from the south china sea sponge acanthella cavernosa. structures were established using ir, hresims, 1d and 2d nmr, and single x-ray diffraction techniques. the isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines (hct-116, a549, hela, qgy-7701, and mda-mb-231) with ic(50) values in the ... | 2012 | 22851918 |
| hybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine. | benzoyl phenyl urea, a class of insect growth regulator's acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis. carvacrol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid is an effective antifungal agent. we have structurally modified carvacrol (2-methyl-5-[1-methylethyl] phenol) by introducing benzoylphenyl urea linkage. two series of benzoylcarvacryl thiourea (bctu, 4a-f) and benzoylcarvacryl urea (bcu, 5a-f) derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr and mass spectroscopy. d ... | 2012 | 22850211 |
| enhancement of antimycotic activity of amphotericin b by targeting the oxidative stress response of candida and cryptococcus with natural dihydroxybenzaldehydes. | in addition to the fungal cellular membrane, the cellular antioxidant system can also be a viable target in the antifungal action of amphotericin b (amb). co-application of certain redox-potent natural compounds with amb actually increases efficacy of the drug through chemosensitization. some redox-potent chemosensitizers and amb perturb common cellular targets, resulting in synergistic inhibition of fungal growth. chemosensitizing activities of four redox-potent benzaldehydes were tested agains ... | 2012 | 22833742 |
| biological activities of α-pinene and β-pinene enantiomers. | the antimicrobial activities of the isomers and enantiomers of pinene were evaluated against bacterial and fungal cells. the agar diffusion test showed that only the positive enantiomers of the α- and β-isomers of pinene were active. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal microbicidal concentration (mmc) of these monoterpenes were also determined, confirming that the positive enantiomers exhibited microbicidal activity against all fungi and bacteria tested with mics ranging from ... | 2012 | 22634841 |
| farnesol inhibits in vitro growth of the cryptococcus neoformans species complex with no significant changes in virulence-related exoenzymes. | farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in candida albicans. in recent years, several studies have shown that this molecule presents inhibitory effects against non-albicans candida species, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and bacteria. the present study aimed at determining the effect of farnesol on the growth of strains of the cryptococcus neoformans species complex, through microdilution assays. in addition, the effect of farnesol on the synthesis of phospho ... | 2012 | 22580194 |
| peptides of the constant region of antibodies display fungicidal activity. | synthetic peptides with sequences identical to fragments of the constant region of different classes (igg, igm, iga) of antibodies (fc-peptides) exerted a fungicidal activity in vitro against pathogenic yeasts, such as candida albicans, candida glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, and malassezia furfur, including caspofungin and triazole resistant strains. alanine-substituted derivatives of fungicidal fc-peptides, tested to evaluate the critical role of each residue, displayed unaltered, increased ... | 2012 | 22470523 |
| antifungal activity of the essential oils of callitris neocaledonica and c. sulcata heartwood (cupressaceae). | mortality due to fungal infections has increased substantially, becoming a worldwide problem in public health. as a contribution to the discovery of new antifungal agents, the properties of the heartwood essential oils of two trees growing in new caledonia, callitris neocaledonica and c. sulcata (cupressaceae) were investigated. the essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were characterized by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses. from c. neocaledonica oil, 31 constituents were identified, representi ... | 2012 | 22422531 |
| identification of o-mannosylated virulence factors in ustilago maydis. | the o-mannosyltransferase pmt4 has emerged as crucial for fungal virulence in the animal pathogens candida albicans or cryptococcus neoformans as well as in the phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis. pmt4 o-mannosylates specific target proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum. therefore a deficient o-mannosylation of these target proteins must be responsible for the loss of pathogenicity in pmt4 mutants. taking advantage of the characteristics described for pmt4 substrates in saccharomyces cerevis ... | 2012 | 22416226 |
| radioimmunotherapy of fungal diseases: the therapeutic potential of cytocidal radiation delivered by antibody targeting fungal cell surface antigens. | radioimmunotherapy is the targeted delivery of cytocidal radiation to cells via specific antibody. although mature for the treatment of cancer, rit of infectious diseases is in pre-clinical development. however, as there is an obvious and urgent need for novel approaches to treat infectious diseases, rit can provide us with a powerful approach to combat serious diseases, including invasive fungal infections. for example, rit has proven more effective than standard amphotericin b for the treatmen ... | 2011 | 22275913 |
| in vitro antifungal activities of longan (dimocarpus longan lour.) seed extract. | longan, dimocarpus longan lour., contains polyphenolic compounds which exhibit several pharmacological properties. this study aims to evaluate antifungal activities of longan fruit extract in comparison to its active compounds. the results showed that longan seed exhibited antifungal activity against the opportunistic yeasts (candida species and cryptococcus neoformans). in contrast, longan pulp and whole fruit did not demonstrate any inhibitory effects. ellagic acid showed the most potent antif ... | 2012 | 22245574 |
| expression of mouse beta defensin 2 in escherichia coli and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. | mature mouse beta defensin 2 (mbd2) is a small cationic peptide with antimicrobial activity. here we established a prokaryotic expression vector containing the cdna of mature mbd2 fused with thioredoxin (trxa), pet32a-mbd2. the vector was transformed into escherichia coli (e. coli) rosseta-gami (2) for expression fusion protein. under the optimization of fermentation parameters: induce with 0.6 mm isopropylthiogalactoside (iptg) at 34°c in 2×yt medium and harvest at 6 h postinduction, fusion pro ... | 2011 | 24031740 |
| identification and functional characterization of a cryptococcus neoformans upc2 homolog. | azoles are currently the most widely used class of antifungal drugs clinically, and are effective for treating fungal infections. target site of azoles is ergosterol biosynthesis in fungal cell membrane, which is absent in the mammalian host. however, the development of resistance to azole treatments in the fungal pathogen has become a significant challenge. here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a upc2 homolog in the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. upc2 pl ... | 2010 | 23956658 |
| activity of echinocandins and triazoles against a contemporary (2012) worldwide collection of yeast and moulds collected from invasive infections. | in this study, 1717 fungal clinical isolates causing invasive fungal infections were evaluated against nine antifungal agents using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference broth microdilution methods. the isolates comprised 1487 candida spp., 109 aspergillus spp., 86 non-candida yeasts (including 52 isolates of cryptococcus neoformans) and 35 rare moulds obtained during 2012 from 72 hospitals worldwide. echinocandin resistance among candida spp. was low, and resistance rates ... | 2014 | 25129315 |
| multicenter study evaluating the vitek ms system for identification of medically important yeasts. | the optimal management of fungal infections is correlated with timely organism identification. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) is revolutionizing the identification of yeasts isolated from clinical specimens. we present a multicenter study assessing the performance of the vitek ms system (biomérieux) in identifying medically important yeasts. a collection of 852 isolates was tested, including 20 candida species (626 isolates, includin ... | 2013 | 23658267 |
| poly(amidoamine) dendrimers show carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity against α-, β-, γ- and η-class enzymes. | four generations of poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimers incorporating benzenesulfonamide moieties were investigated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α-, β-, γ- and η-classes which are present in pathogenic bacteria, fungi or protozoa. the following bacterial, fungal and protozoan organisms were included in the study: vibrio cholerae, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani chagasi, porphyromonas gingivalis, cryptococcus neoformans, candida glabrata, and plas ... | 2015 | 26476668 |
| chemical composition profiling and antifungal activity of the essential oil and plant extracts of mesembryanthemum edule (l.) bolus leaves. | essential oil from mesembryanthemum edule leaves have been used by the eastern cape traditional healers for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, dysentery, diabetic mellitus, laryngitis and vaginal infections. the investigation of bioactive compounds in the essential oil of this plant could help to verify the efficacy of the plant in the management or treatment of these illnesses. | 2014 | 25392576 |
| evaluation of blood culture media for the detection of fungi. | the aim of this study was to compare the utility of bactec™ mycosis-ic/f (mycosis), bactec™ plus aerobic/f (aerobic), and bactec™ plus anaerobic/f (anaerobic) media in the detection of fungi from simulated (obtained by the inoculation of tested media first with sterile sheep's blood and subsequently with one of 60 clinical yeast isolates) and clinical blood samples, taken during routine diagnostic examination in two hospitals. all tested strains grew on mycosis as well as aerobic bottles, and th ... | 2015 | 25098681 |
| longer incubation times for yeast fungemia: importance for presumptive treatment. | isolation rates of candida glabrata at ≤2 days were 8.9% and 34.8% at >2 days; for cryptococcus neoformans, they were 0.9% and 8.6%, respectively (1741 fungemia analyzed). an incubation time >2 days supports candins as presumptive treatment for c. glabrata, keeping in mind the risk of cryptococcus fungemia. | 2014 | 25085022 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the edible aromatic plant aristolochia delavayi. | the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of aristolochia delavayi franch. (aristolochiaceae), a unique edible aromatic plant consumed by the nakhi (naxi) people in yunnan, china, was investigated using gc/ms analysis. in total, 95 components, representing more than 95% of the oil composition, were identified, and the main constituents found were (e)-dec-2-enal (52.0%), (e)-dodec-2-enal (6.8%), dodecanal (3.35%), heptanal (2.88%), and decanal (2.63%). the essential oi ... | 2013 | 24243612 |
| caulerprenylols a and b, two rare antifungal prenylated para-xylenes from the green alga caulerpa racemosa. | two new prenylated para-xylenes, named caulerprenylols a (1) and b (2), were isolated from the green alga caulerpa racemosa, collected from the zhanjiang coastline, china. the structures of the two metabolites were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. this is the first report of prenylated para-xylenes from marine algae and from marine organisms as well. moreover, caulerprenylol b (2) is also characterized by an uncommon indane ring system. in in vitro bioassays, the new c ... | 2013 | 23548547 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from hyptis crenata growing in the brazilian cerrado. | essential oils from species of the genus hyptis are well-known for their significant biological properties, including antimicrobial and acaricidal activities. the essential oil from the aerial parts of h. crenata was obtained by hydrodistillation; bomeol (17.8%), 1,8-cineol (15.6%) and p-cimene (7.9%) were characterized by gc-ms as its major constituents. the essential oil was evaluated in vitro for its antimicrobial activities against six fungal and five bacterial strains, by measuring the resp ... | 2012 | 23157018 |
| rapid identification of histoplasma capsulatum directly from cultures by multiplex pcr. | the multiplex pcr developed from a suspension of the yeast fungi correctly identified fifty-one clinical of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum strains isolated from clinical samples and soil specimens. the multiplex pcr was developed by combining two pairs of primers, one of them was specific to the h. capsulatum and the other one, universal for fungi, turned out to be specific to h. capsulatum, regardless of the fungus isolate studied. primers designed to amplify a region of about 390-bp (hc i-hc ii ... | 2012 | 22821346 |
| convergent evolution of calcineurin pathway roles in thermotolerance and virulence in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is an emerging human fungal pathogen that is frequently drug tolerant, resulting in difficulties in treatment and a higher mortality in immunocompromised patients. the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin plays critical roles in controlling drug tolerance, hyphal growth, and virulence in diverse fungal pathogens via distinct mechanisms involving survival in serum or growth at host temperature (37° and higher). here, we comprehensively studied the calcineurin signali ... | 2012 | 22690377 |
| the antibiotic and membrane-damaging activities of cellobiose lipids and sophorose lipids. | antibiotic activity was compared for cryptococcus humicola cellobiose lipids, the mixture of 2,3,4-о-triacetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-(6-о-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→16)-2,16-dihydroxyhexodecanoic acid and 2,3,4-о-triacetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-(6-о-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→16)-2,17,18-trihydroxyoctotodecanoic acid, and the commercial sophorose lipid mixture of a mono-acetylated acidic sophorose lipid and a di-acetylated acidic sophorose lipid, both containing the c18:1 fatty acid re ... | 2014 | 24976613 |
| the non-mammalian host galleria mellonella can be used to study the virulence of the fungal pathogen candida tropicalis and the efficacy of antifungal drugs during infection by this pathogenic yeast. | although candida tropicalis is a frequent cause of invasive fungal diseases, its interaction with the host remains poorly studied. galleria mellonella is a lepidoptera model which offers a useful tool to study virulence of different microorganisms and drug efficacy. in this work we investigated the virulence of c. tropicalis in g. mellonella at different temperatures and the efficacy of antifungal drugs in this infection model. when larvae were infected with yeast inocula suspensions of differen ... | 2013 | 23170962 |
| [tropical and travel-related dermatomycoses : part 2: cutaneous infections due to yeasts, moulds, and dimorphic fungi]. | besides dermatophytoses, a broad range of cutaneous infections due to yeasts and moulds may occur in subtropical and tropical countries where they can affect travellers. not to be forgotten are endemic occurring dimorphic or biphasic fungi in countries with hot climate, which cause systemic and secondary cutaneous infections in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent people. in the tropics, the prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, caused by the lipophilic yeast malassezia spp., is about 30-40 %, in ... | 2015 | 25924703 |
| [fungal pneumonias: do they exist?]. | as typical opportunistic pathogens fungi, for example pneumocystis jirovecii, infect predominantly immunocompromised hosts. there are, however, others, for example coccidioides immitis and cryptococcus neoformans, which endanger otherwise healthy people, too. fungi are not mentioned as causative agents of pneumonias in the german guidelines for community acquired pneumonia. in the german guidelines for nosocomial pneumonia only very few, namely aspergillus spp. and candida spp., are shortly disc ... | 2013 | 24006197 |