| the as87_04050 gene is involved in bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity of riemerella anatipestifer. | riemerella anatipestifer is reported worldwide as a cause of septicemic and exudative diseases of domestic ducks. in this study, we identified a mutant strain ra2640 by tn4351 transposon mutagenesis, in which the as87_04050 gene was inactivated by insertion of the transposon. southern blot analysis indicated that only one insertion was found in the genome of the mutant strain ra2640. sds-page followed by silver staining showed that the lipopolysaccharide (lps) pattern of mutant strain ra2640 was ... | 2014 | 25303276 |
| characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system. | little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ... | 2017 | 28101086 |
| identification, expression and activity analyses of five novel duck beta-defensins. | in the current study, five novel avian β-defensins (avbds) were identified and characterized in tissues from peking ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the nucleotide sequences of these cdnas comprised 198 bp, 182 bp, 201 bp, 204 bp, and 168 bp, and encoded 65, 60, 66, 67, and 55 amino acids, respectively. homology, characterization and comparison of these genes with avbd from other avian species confirmed that they were apl_avbd1, 3, 5, 6, and 16. recombinant avbds were produced and purified by express ... | 2012 | 23112840 |
| structural, antigenic, and evolutionary characterizations of the envelope protein of newly emerging duck tembusu virus. | since the first reported cases of ducks infected with a previously unknown flavivirus in eastern china in april 2010, the virus, provisionally designated duck tembusu virus (dtmuv), has spread widely in domestic ducks in china and caused significant economic losses to poultry industry. in this study, we examined in detail structural, antigenic, and evolutionary properties of envelope (e) proteins of six dtmuv isolates spanning 2010-2012, each being isolated from individual farms with different g ... | 2013 | 23990944 |
| age-related susceptibility to japanese encephalitis virus in domestic ducklings and chicks. | ardeid birds and pigs are known as major amplifying hosts for japanese encephalitis virus, and ducklings and chickens have been considered to play at best a minor role in outbreaks because of their low or absent viremia. we hypothesized that viremia of sufficient magnitude would develop in young ducklings (anas platyrhynchos) and chicks (gallus gallus) for them to serve as reservoir hosts and thereby contribute to the transmission cycle. infection was associated with reduced weight gain in both ... | 2014 | 24394476 |
| identification of a new broadly cross-reactive epitope within domain iii of the duck tembusu virus e protein. | in 2010, a pathogenic flavivirus termed duck tembusu virus (dtmuv) caused widespread outbreak of egg-drop syndrome in domesticated ducks in china. although the glycoprotein e of dtmuv is an important structural component of the virus, the b-cell epitopes of this protein remains uncharacterized. using phage display and mutagenesis, we identified a minimal b-cell epitope, (374)exe/dppfg(380), that mediates binding to a nonneutralizing monoclonal antibody. dtmuv-positive duck serum reacted with the ... | 2016 | 27824100 |
| disease dynamics and bird migration--linking mallards anas platyrhynchos and subtype diversity of the influenza a virus in time and space. | the mallard anas platyrhynchos is a reservoir species for influenza a virus in the northern hemisphere, with particularly high prevalence rates prior to as well as during its prolonged autumn migration. it has been proposed that the virus is brought from the breeding grounds and transmitted to conspecifics during subsequent staging during migration, and so a better understanding of the natal origin of staging ducks is vital to deciphering the dynamics of viral movement pathways. ottenby is an im ... | 2012 | 22536424 |
| minor differences in body condition and immune status between avian influenza virus-infected and noninfected mallards: a sign of coevolution? | wildlife pathogens can alter host fitness. low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) infection is thought to have negligible impacts on wild birds; however, effects of infection in free-living birds are largely unstudied. we investigated the extent to which lpaiv infection and shedding were associated with body condition and immune status in free-living mallards (anas platyrhynchos), a partially migratory key lpaiv host species. we sampled mallards throughout the species' annual autumn lpaiv ... | 2014 | 25691969 |
| a panel of stably expressed reference genes for real-time qpcr gene expression studies of mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | determining which reference genes have the highest stability, and are therefore appropriate for normalising data, is a crucial step in the design of real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) gene expression studies. this is particularly warranted in non-model and ecologically important species for which appropriate reference genes are lacking, such as the mallard--a key reservoir of many diseases with relevance for human and livestock health. previous studies assessing gene expression changes as a conse ... | 2016 | 26886224 |
| differential effects of early- and late-life access to carotenoids on adult immune function and ornamentation in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | environmental conditions early in life can affect an organism's phenotype at adulthood, which may be tuned to perform optimally in conditions that mimic those experienced during development (environmental matching hypothesis), or may be generally superior when conditions during development were of higher quality (silver spoon hypothesis). here, we tested these hypotheses by examining how diet during development interacted with diet during adulthood to affect adult sexually selected ornamentation ... | 2012 | 22666443 |
| identification and expression analysis of the interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (ifit5) gene in duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | the interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (ifits) protein family mediates antiviral effects by inhibiting translation initiation, cell proliferation, and migration in the interferon (ifn) dependent innate immune system. several members of this family, including ifit1, ifit2, ifit3 and ifit5, have been heavily studied in mammals. avian species contain only one family member, ifit5, and little is known about the role of this protein in birds. in this study, duck ifit5 (duifit5 ... | 2015 | 25816333 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing analysis of the interferon β from coturnix. | one pair of primers was designed according to gallus and meleagris gallopavo interferon β (ifn-β) sequences published in genbank. the primers and rna extraction from the spleen of coturnix were used to amplify coturnix ifn-β cdna by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the product was cloned into peasy-t1 vector. evaluating recombinant plasmid by pcr and restriction enzyme digestion. sequence the cloning sequences, comparing the sequencing results by ncbi. we successfully got a coturnix ... | 2014 | 26155095 |
| molecular cloning and in silico analysis of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) mef2a gene cdna and its expression profile in muscle tissues during fetal development. | the role of myogenic enhancer transcription factor 2a (mef2a) in avian muscle during fetal development is unknown. in this work, we cloned the duck mef2a cdna sequence (genbank accession no. hm460752) and examined its developmental expression profiles in cardiac muscle, non-vascular smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. duck mef2a cdna comprised 1479 bp encoding 492 amino acid residues. in silico analysis showed that mef2a contained mads (mcm1, agamous, deficiens and srf - serum response factor), m ... | 2012 | 22481893 |
| meat species identification using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna. | meat source fraud and adulteration scandals have led to consumer demands for accurate meat identification methods. nucleotide amplification assays have been proposed as an alternative method to protein-based assays for meat identification. in this study, we designed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna to identify and discriminate eight meat species; cattle, pig, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, and turkey. the lamp primer sets were ... | 2014 | 26761677 |
| mercury in the body of the most commonly occurring european game duck, the mallard (anas platyrhynchos l. 1758), from northwestern poland. | the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of mercury (hg) in liver (l), kidney (k), breast muscle [bm (musculus pectoralis major)], breast feathers (bf), and stomach contents (sc) of mallard (anas platyrhynchos l. 1758). among the edible parts of mallard, the greatest concentrations of hg were observed in k and l, although they did not exceed 1.5 mg/kg dry weight (dw). average concentrations in k, l, and bm were 0.27, 0.25, and 0.13 mg/kg dw, respectively. significant correlations ... | 2013 | 23344844 |
| molecular decay of enamel matrix protein genes in turtles and other edentulous amniotes. | secondary edentulism (toothlessness) has evolved on multiple occasions in amniotes including several mammalian lineages (pangolins, anteaters, baleen whales), birds, and turtles. all edentulous amniote clades have evolved from ancestors with enamel-capped teeth. previous studies have documented the molecular decay of tooth-specific genes in edentulous mammals, all of which lost their teeth in the cenozoic, and birds, which lost their teeth in the cretaceous. by contrast with mammals and birds, t ... | 2013 | 23342979 |
| endothelin receptor b2 (ednrb2) gene is associated with spot plumage pattern in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | endothelin receptor b subtype 2 (ednrb2) is a seven-transmembrane g-protein coupled receptor. in this study, we investigated ednrb2 gene as a candidate gene for duck spot plumage pattern according to studies of chicken and japanese quail. the entire coding region was cloned by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence analysis showed that duck ednrb2 cdna contained a 1311 bp open reading frame and encoded a putative protein of 436 amino acids residues. the transcript ... | 2015 | 25955279 |
| structure and antigenicity analysis of the igg gene for nyctereutes procyonoides. | nyctereutes procyonoides immunoglobulin g (igg) gene is partially cloned. | 2015 | 26648768 |
| quack leptin. | a lep transcript up-regulated in lungs of ducks (anas platyrhynchos) infected by avian influenza a virus was recently described in the nature genetics manuscript that reported the duck genome. in vertebrates, lep gene symbol is reserved for leptin, the key regulator of energy balance in mammals. | 2014 | 24992969 |
| tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6. | in this study, a novel avian β-defensin (avbd) was isolated from the chaohu duck. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. the homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with avbd from other avian species confirmed that it was duck avbd6. also, the preproprotein of avbd6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved ... | 2013 | 23243235 |
| the epizootiology of anatid herpesvirus 1 infection in free-flying waterfowl: a comparison of latent and active infections among native waterfowl, captive-reared released ducks, and peridomestic or feral ducks. | the epizootiology of anatid herpesvirus 1 (ahv-1) infection in waterfowl is poorly understood but apparently involves persistence of the virus in latently infected birds. epornitics have often occurred in captive waterfowl or semiwild ducks in parklike settings, and many wildlife professionals conclude that such ducks may be the source of infection for wild waterfowl. we assessed the prevalence of latent infection and viral shedding from four groups of waterfowl: naturally occurring populations ... | 2013 | 23778596 |
| dna vaccine-generated duck polyclonal antibodies as a postexposure prophylactic to prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). | andes virus (andv) is the predominant cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in south america and the only hantavirus known to be transmitted person-to-person. there are no vaccines, prophylactics, or therapeutics to prevent or treat this highly pathogenic disease (case-fatality 35-40%). infection of syrian hamsters with andv results in a disease that closely mimics human hps in incubation time, symptoms of respiratory distress, and disease pathology. here, we evaluated the feasibility of ... | 2012 | 22558299 |
| cutaneous, respiratory and hepatic aspergillosis in brazilian white pekin mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | aspergillosis is one of the most frequent mycosis affecting avian species. here is reported an outbreak of aspergillosis affecting 60-day-old white pekin mallards (anas platyrhynchos). about 10% of animals in a lot of 200 mallards from a commercial husbandry presented respiratory disorders and skin lesions at slaughter. three out of 13 animals sent to diagnosis showed, simultaneously, airsacculitis, lung and liver presenting white nodules with variable diameters and elevated, yellowish brown, cr ... | 2015 | 25481845 |
| urbanization and the dynamics of rna viruses in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and affects the epidemiology of infectious diseases. however, the effect of urbanization on natural host-pathogen systems remains poorly understood. urban ducks occupy an interesting niche in that they directly interact with both humans and wild migratory birds, and either directly or indirectly with food production birds. here we have collected samples from mallards (anas platyrhynchos) residing in a pond in central uppsala, sweden, from january 2013 to j ... | 2017 | 28323070 |
| a duck reovirus variant with a unique deletion in the sigma c gene exhibiting high pathogenicity in pekin ducklings. | a novel strain of duck reovirus (drv) associated with a high mortality in pekin ducklings in china, 2013, was isolated and characterized. this strain (designated as hn5d) grew well in vero cells and produced marked cytopathic effects. hn5d contains 10 dsrna genome segments, a typical feature of avian orthoreovirus. following cloning, sequencing, and sequence analysis of the genome segments, a unique deletion of 18 amino acids was found in the sigma c protein of hn5d when compared with that of th ... | 2016 | 26829009 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian reovirus isolated from wild mallard ducks in china. | we report here the complete sequence of novel duck reovirus (n-drv) strain sd12 isolated from diseased wild mallard ducklings in the shandong province of china in 2012. the complete genome consists of 23,420 nucleotide base pairs (bp), including 10 segments ranging from 1,191 bp (s4) to 3,959 bp (l1). | 2014 | 25237015 |
| complete genomic sequence of a reovirus isolate from pekin ducklings in china. | the complete genomic sequence of a pekin duck origin reovirus (drv) from china was determined. the genome comprises 23,419 bp, with segments ranging from 1,191 bp (s4) to 3,959 bp (l1). pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the pekin duck origin reovirus is more closely related to the new type of muscovy duck origin reovirus (n-mdrv) identified recently than to the chicken origin avian orthoreovirus (arv) and the originally described muscovy duck origin reovirus (arv-md). | 2012 | 23118462 |
| replication, neurotropism, and pathogenicity of avian paramyxovirus serotypes 1-9 in chickens and ducks. | avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotypes 1-9 have been isolated from many different avian species. apmv-1 (newcastle disease virus) is the only well-characterized serotype, because of the high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss caused by highly virulent strains. very little is known about the pathogenesis, replication, virulence, and tropism of the other apmv serotypes. here, this was evaluated for prototypes strains of apmv serotypes 2-9 in cell culture and in chickens and ducks. in cell cultu ... | 2012 | 22558104 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 6 strain jl isolated from mallard ducks in china. | a new strain of avian paramyxovirus type 6 (apmv-6), jl, has been isolated from mallard ducks in china, and its complete genome has been sequenced and analyzed. this work is the first announced complete genome sequence of apmv-6 from mallards. | 2012 | 23118446 |
| development of an indirect elisa method based on the vp3 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) for dual detection of dhav-1 and dhav-3 antibodies. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) based on the recombinant vp3 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (dhav-1) was developed and evaluated in this study. the optimal antigen, serum and enzyme-labeled antibody dilutions were 1:160 (0.94μg), 1:160 and 1:2000, respectively. the optimal blocking buffer was 1% gelatin. the cutoff value was determined to be 0.332, and the analytical sensitivity was 1:1280 (od450-630=0.37). the results of the specificity evaluation showed that n ... | 2015 | 26341062 |
| the cd8α gene in duck (anatidae): cloning, characterization, and expression during viral infection. | cluster of differentiation 8 alpha (cd8α) is critical for cell-mediated immune defense and t-cell development. although cd8α sequences have been reported for several species, very little is known about cd8α in ducks. to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses of ducks, we cloned cd8α coding sequences from domestic, muscovy, mallard, and spotbill ducks using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). each sequence consisted of 714 nucleotides a ... | 2015 | 25332128 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 gene from duck (anas platyrhynchos). | h-ferritin is a core subunit of the iron storage protein ferritin, and is related to the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. a differential expressed sequence tag of the ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 gene (fth1) was obtained from our previously constructed suppression subtractive cdna library from 3-day-old ducklings challenged with duck hepatitis virus type i (dhv-1). the expression and function of fth1 in immune defense against infection remains largely unknown in ducks. in this study, the ful ... | 2014 | 24981929 |
| identification and expression analysis of the leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (lect2) gene in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (lect2), first identified as a chemotactic factor, is involved in the regulation of liver regeneration, carcinogenesis, and natural killer t-cell homeostasis in mammals. the function of lect2 in the duck remains unclear, however. a suppression subtractive cdna library was constructed from the livers of 3-day-old ducklings treated with duck hepatitis virus type i (dhv-1). a total of 66 expressed sequence tags (ests) were identified in the libraries. among the n ... | 2014 | 24076354 |
| the effects of bacillus coagulans-fermented and non-fermented ginkgo biloba on abdominal fat deposition and meat quality of peking duck. | | 2017 | 28204698 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding bacillus subtilis on gut morphology, cecal microflora, and intestinal immune response of linwu ducks. | the effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding bacillus subtilis on gut morphology, cecal microflora, and expression of intestinal cytokine mrna of linwu ducks (a chinese local domesticated duck) were investigated after a 63-d feeding trial. two hundred forty 1-d-old female ducklings were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, and there were 60 birds per treatment replicated 6 times with 10 birds each. the experimental diets consisted of a basal diet containing no antibioti ... | 2015 | 26440014 |
| characterization of batai virus isolated from a domestic muscovy duck (cairina moschate). | batai virus (batv) belongs to the genus orthobunyavirus of the family bunyaviridae. it has been isolated from mosquitos, pigs, cattle, and humans throughout africa, asia, and europe, and causes clinical signs in domestic animals and humans. here, we report the isolation of batv from a domestic duck flock. genome sequence analysis revealed clustering of this isolate in the africa-asia lineage. the virus replicated in mosquitos and vertebrate host cells, showing different phenotypic characteristic ... | 2017 | 27734222 |
| circulation and phylogenetic relationship of chicken and turkey-origin astroviruses detected in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | the natural occurrence of chicken and turkey-origin astroviruses in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) is described. twenty-two duck flocks were covered by this research. the liver, spleen, kidney and intestines were sampled and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the presence of avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv), turkey astrovirus (tastv)-1, tastv-2 and duck astrovirus. the astrovirus infection was confirmed in multiple organ samples f ... | 2012 | 23237368 |
| the first case of a major avian type c botulism outbreak in poland. | major outbreaks of avian type c botulism have been rarely reported from central europe. in this paper, we report the first severe outbreak of avian type c botulism in poland. in 2011-12, two epizootics caused by clostridium botulinum took place at jeziorsko dam reservoir and affected an estimated number of 5500 birds in 2011 and 1600 birds in 2012. in total, 24 species ofwaterbirds were affected, including mainly waterfowl (37.0%), shorebirds (27.0%), rallids (25.7%), and larids (9.1%). mallards ... | 2014 | 25518447 |
| outbreak of type c botulism in birds and mammals in the emilia romagna region, northern italy. | over a 7-day period beginning 8 august 2011, a large number of wild birds of several species were found dead or with neurologic clinical signs along the shore of crostolo stream, in the emilia romagna region, italy. twenty-eight mallards (anas platyrhynchos), two hooded crows (corvus corone cornix), and three coypus (myocastor coypus) were found moribund on the crostolo stream bank, collected, and sent to istituto zooprofilattico sperimentale della lombardia e dell'emilia romagna, reggio emilia ... | 2013 | 24502738 |
| cryptosporidium baileyi--infection in red-breasted merganser (mergus serrator) ducklings from a zoological garden. | infection of the bursa of fabricius with cryptosporidium baileyi was diagnosed in a group of hand reared red-breasted merganser (mergus serrator) ducklings during one breeding season in a german zoological garden.the birds had died in an emaciated and anaemic state after problems with spontaneous feeding. the bursae were infected with moderate to high numbers of cryptosporidia, which were associated with hyperplasia, degeneration and sloughing of the affected epithelial cells and mild heterophil ... | 2012 | 23045806 |
| occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in wild birds in galicia (northwest spain). | faecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in galicia (northwest spain), between february 2007 and september 2009. the birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders. giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established pcr-sequencing methods. the overall prevalence of giardia was 2·1% and that of cryptosporidium, 8·3%. to our knowledge, t ... | 2015 | 25669618 |
| genomic characterization of a novel picornavirus in pekin ducks. | a novel picornavirus was detected from pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica) and completely sequenced. the virus was most closely related to megriviruses, with amino acid identities of 32-68%, 35-45%, 51-57%, 41-50%, and 61-63% in the p1, p2, p3, polyprotein, and 2c and 3cd regions, respectively. the virus was thus identified as an additional species in the genus megrivirus and named duck megrivirus (dmv). sequence analyses indicated that the dmv genome possessed a megrivirus-like organizat ... | 2014 | 24933161 |
| epidemiology of egg drop syndrome virus in ducks from south korea. | egg drop syndrome virus (edsv) is an important pathogen of poultry that decreases egg production in chickens and causes respiratory disease in goslings. in 2011, we obtained serum samples from 139 domestic pekin ducks, 416 one-day-old pekin ducklings, and 75 wild ducks (67 mallards and 8 pintails) to survey their exposure to edsv. a total of 123 of 139 sera (88.5%) from pekin ducks, 396 of the ducklings (95.2%), and 16 of 67 mallards (23.9%) were positive. field cases of edsv in wild and domesti ... | 2013 | 23776265 |
| does limited virucidal activity of biocides include duck hepatitis b virucidal action? | there is agreement that the infectivity assay with the duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) is a suitable surrogate test to validate disinfectants for hepatitis b virucidal activity. however, since this test is not widely used, information is necessary whether disinfectants with limited virucidal activity also inactivate dhbv. in general, disinfectants with limited virucidal activity are used for skin and sensitive surfaces while agents with full activity are more aggressive. the present study compares ... | 2012 | 23110658 |
| novel duck parvovirus identified in cherry valley ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus), china. | an unknown infectious disease in cherry valley ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) characterized by short beak and strong growth retardation occurred in china during 2015. the causative agent of this disease, tentatively named duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome (dsbds), as well as the evolutionary relationships between this causative agent and all currently known avian-origin parvoviruses were clarified by virus isolation, transmission electron microscope (tem) observation, analysis of nucl ... | 2016 | 27449955 |
| assessment of species and antimicrobial resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolated from mallard duck faeces. | mallard ducks have demonstrated to be a likely reservoir for zoonotic e. coli strains; thus, it is possible that these ducks could also act as a reservoir for other enterobacteriaceae members. the present study was initiated to evaluate the species distribution of enterobacteriaceae other than e. coli in 175 fresh faecal samples collected from a population of mallard ducks. sixty-four samples displayed detectable colonies of enterobacteriaceae (excluding e. coli), which resulted in 75 pulsed-fie ... | 2015 | 25697309 |
| draft genome sequence of the bacteriocinogenic strain enterococcus faecalis dbh18, isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | here, we report the draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis dbh18, a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the assembly contains 2,836,724 bp, with a g+c content of 37.6%. the genome is predicted to contain 2,654 coding dna sequences (cdss) and 50 rnas. | 2016 | 27417838 |
| low metabolic activity of biofilm formed by enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy humans and wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | it is widely known that enterococcus faecalis virulence is related to its biofilm formation. although enterococci are common commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract, the difference between commensal and pathogen strains remain unclear. in this study, we compare the biochemical profile of the biofilms formed by two groups of medical and two groups of commensal strains. the medical strains were isolated as pathogens from infections of urinary tract and other infections (wounds, pus and b ... | 2013 | 24294189 |
| type b chloramphenicol acetyltransferases are responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in riemerella anatipestifer, china. | riemerella anatipestifer causes serositis and septicaemia in domestic ducks, geese, and turkeys. traditionally, the antibiotics were used to treat this disease. currently, our understanding of r. anatipestifer susceptibility to chloramphenicol and the underlying resistance mechanism is limited. in this study, the cat gene was identified in 69/192 (36%) r. anatipestifer isolated from different regions in china, including r. anatipestifer ch-2 that has been sequenced in previous study. sequence an ... | 2017 | 28298905 |
| peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase activity and molecular evolution of vertebrate cyclophilin a. | peptidylprolyl isomerases (ppiase) cyclophilin a (cypa, encoded by ppia) is a typical member of the cyclophilin family and is involved in protein folding/translocation, signal transduction, inflammation, immune system regulation, apoptosis and virus replication. in the present study, we investigated the ppiase activity and genetic variation of vertebrate cypa. according to the genbank reference sequences, vertebrate ppia genes were cloned, among which the bat (myotis davidi) and duck (anas platy ... | 2016 | 27531612 |
| virulence genes and the antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli, isolated from wild waterbirds, in the netherlands and poland. | affiliation to four phylogroups (a, b1, b2, and d) was examined, among 190 escherichia coli strains, collected from five, wild waterbird species, including the following: the greylag goose-anser anser (61) and the canada goose-branta canadensis (33) obtained in the netherlands, and the mallard-anas platyrhynchos (38), the mute swan-cygnus olor (37), and the great cormorant-phalacrocorax carbo (21) obtained in poland. moreover, the prevalence of 10 virulence factors: asta, iss, iucd, irp2, papc, ... | 2016 | 27348207 |
| express sequence tag analysis - identification of anseriformes trypsin genes from full-length cdna library of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) and characterization of their structure and function. | trypsins are key proteins important in animal protein digestion by breaking down the peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues, hence it has been used widely in various biotechnological processes. in the current study, a full-length cdna library with capacity of 5·10(5) cfu/ml from the duck (anas platyrhynchos) was constructed. using express sequence tag (est) sequencing, genes coding two trypsins were identified and two full-length trypsin cdnas were then obtained by ra ... | 2016 | 27260395 |
| increased water contamination and grow-out pekin duck mortality when raised with water troughs compared to pin-metered water lines using a united states management system. | controversy has developed as to whether or not pin-metered water lines or water troughs are more appropriate for pekin ducks. we hypothesized that water troughs would show improved duck body conditions and environmental quality compared to pin-metered water lines. to test this hypothesis, we housed ducks in 2 barns, one with water lines and one with water troughs. water troughs were constructed to meet rspca guidelines for number and density of ducks and with recently described verandas. ducks w ... | 2016 | 26769272 |
| intestinal escherichia coli colonization in a mallard duck population over four consecutive winter seasons. | we report the population structure and dynamics of one escherichia coli population of wild mallard ducks in their natural environment over four winter seasons, following the characterization of 100 isolates each consecutive season. macro-restriction analysis was used to define isolates variously as multi- or 1-year pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types. isolates were characterized genotypically based on virulence-associated genes (vags), phylogenetic markers, and phenotypically based on ... | 2015 | 25684458 |
| pathogenicity of h3n8 influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in chickens with or without escherichia coli coinfections. | influenza viruses from domestic aquatic birds can be transmitted to chickens, resulting in continued prevalence of the disease. h3 viruses are one of the most frequently identified subtypes in domestic ducks. results from our previous serologic study suggested that h3 virus infections potentially exist in chickens with a wide geographical distribution in china. to better understand their pathogenic potential, two h3n8 influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks were selected for experimental ... | 2012 | 23050481 |
| escherichia coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in great cormorants and mallards in central europe. | faecal escherichia coli strains were isolated from great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) and mallards (anas platyrhynchos), which are commonly occurring waterbirds in europe, and studied for resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. | 2012 | 22323500 |
| mallard ducks - a waterfowl species with high risk of distributing escherichia coli pathogenic for humans. | mallard ducks may pose a so far underestimated risk to human and animal health by transmitting pathogenic escherichia coli via their faecal deposits to various environmental sources. we processed mallard duck faecal samples for e. coli and unique clones, as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), were subsequently investigated for their virulence genotype and phylogenetic background. multilocus sequence typing and in vivo experiments were performed for selected clones. of 60 clones i ... | 2009 | 23765929 |
| is opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke? | recently, in the journal of helminthology (may 2013), dao et al. reported that opisthorchis viverrini-like flukes were found in the bile duct of domestic ducks in vietnam. they stated that this is the first record of opisthorchis sp. in birds in vietnam. however, three opisthorchis species--o. cheelis, o. longissimus and o. parageminus--in birds in vietnam were described by le in 2000. amongst these, o. parageminus was first reported, by oshmarin in 1970, as a new opisthorchis species found in d ... | 2015 | 24160690 |
| opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from vietnam: morphological variability and rdna/mtdna sequence confirmation. | flukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the binh dinh province of central vietnam. following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (its2) of the ribosomal dna and cytochrome c oxi ... | 2014 | 23721954 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel h10n2 avian influenza virus from a domestic duck in eastern china. | during the surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aivs) in live poultry markets (lpms) in eastern china, in 2013, an h10n2 aiv was isolated from a domestic duck. phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain received its genes from h10, h1 and h7 aivs of wild birds in china. the virulence of this strain was examined in chickens and mice, and was found to be low pathogenic in chickens but demonstrated moderate pathogenicity in mice. these results suggest that active surveillance of aivs in lpm ... | 2015 | 25445651 |
| emergence and evolution of h10 subtype influenza viruses in poultry in china. | the cases of human infections with h10n8 viruses identified in late 2013 and early 2014 in jiangxi, china, have raised concerns over the origin, prevalence, and development of these viruses in this region. our long-term influenza surveillance of poultry and migratory birds in southern china in the past 12 years showed that h10 influenza viruses have been introduced from migratory to domestic ducks over several winter seasons at sentinel duck farms at poyang lake, where domestic ducks share their ... | 2015 | 25589662 |
| characterization of the pathogenesis of h10n3, h10n7, and h10n8 subtype avian influenza viruses circulating in ducks. | three h10 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in china, designated as sh602/h10n8, fj1761/h10n3 and sx3180/h10n7, with an intravenous pathogenicity index (ivpi) of 0.39, 1.60, and 1.27, respectively. these h10 viruses showed a complex pathology pattern in different species, although full genome characterizations of the viruses could not identify any molecular determinant underlying the observed phenotypes. our findings describe the pathobiology of the three h10 subt ... | 2016 | 27678170 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n6 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern china. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of an h3n6 avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from domestic ducks in jiangsu province of eastern china in 2010. phylogenetic analysis showed that the h3n6 virus is a natural recombinant virus whose genes were derived from h3n8, h4n6, h6n6, h7n7, and h11n2 aivs. this analysis will help to understand the molecular characteristics and evolution of the h3n6 influenza virus in eastern china. | 2013 | 23580714 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern china. | the h3 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) can provide genes for human influenza virus through gene reassortment, which raises great concerns in terms of its potential threat to human health. here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel h3n2 aiv isolated from domestic ducks in the jiangsu province of eastern china in 2004, which is a natural recombinant virus whose genes are derived from h3n8, h5n1, h5n2, h11n2, h4n6, and h1n1 aivs. this genome will help to understand the epidemiology ... | 2013 | 23580713 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of reassortant h11n3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china. | in july 2013, six h11n3 subtype avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in eastern china. these strains were characterized by whole genome sequencing with subsequent phylogenetic analysis and genetic comparison. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that these strains clustered in the aiv eurasian lineage, and these strains received their genes from h11, h7, and h1 aivs in eastern china. these strains were found to be minimally pathog ... | 2016 | 27142079 |
| birds and viruses at a crossroad--surveillance of influenza a virus in portuguese waterfowl. | during recent years, extensive amounts of data have become available regarding influenza a virus (iav) in wild birds in northern europe, while information from southern europe is more limited. here, we present an iav surveillance study conducted in western portugal 2008-2009, analyzing 1653 samples from six different species of waterfowl, with the majority of samples taken from mallards (anas platyrhynchos). overall 4.4% of sampled birds were infected. the sampling results revealed a significant ... | 2012 | 23145046 |
| complete genomic sequence of a novel reassortant h11n3 influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in jiangsu, china. | for the first time we report the complete genomic sequence of an h11n3 influenza virus from domestic ducks in china. phylogenetic analysis showed that the h11n3 virus was a novel reassortant with its genes from different subtypes of domestic duck-origin avian influenza viruses, which further underlined that domestic ducks play a key role in the genetic reassortment and evolution of influenza viruses in china. | 2012 | 23043179 |
| is there a relation between genetic or social groups of mallard ducks and the circulation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses? | we investigated the circulation dynamics of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) in the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) reservoir in italy. in particular, we evaluated the temporal distribution of virologic findings by combining virus isolation data with a new population genetic-based study approach. thus, during 11 consecutive sampling periods (wintering periods between 1993/94 and 2003/04), categorised into 40 sampling sub-periods, cloacal swab samples were collected from 996 wild and ... | 2014 | 24690373 |
| genetic analysis of a novel reassortant h11n9 isolated from waterfowl in south korea in 2016. | aquatic birds are known to harbor all the known influenza a viruses. in the winter of january 2016, we surveyed influenza a virus in the feces of migratory birds in south korea. the novel re-assorted h11n9 avian influenza virus, which contains genes from avian influenza viruses of poultry and wild birds, was isolated. the polymerase basic 2 (pb2), polymerase basic 1 (pb1), hemagglutinin (ha), and nucleoprotein (np) genes were most closely related to those of domestic duck-origin avian influenza ... | 2017 | 28386784 |
| molecular characterization of a reassortant h11n9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a domestic duck in eastern china. | during surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aivs) in live-poultry markets in eastern china in 2013, an h11n9 aiv was isolated from a domestic duck. phylogenetic analysis showed that this strain received its genes from h11, h3, h10, and h7 aivs of poultry in china. this strain was found to be minimally pathogenic in mice and was able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation. considering that the reassorted h11n9 viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in this study, it is possible tha ... | 2015 | 26212362 |
| molecular and epidemiological characterization of avian influenza viruses from gulls and dabbling ducks in norway. | wild aquatic birds constitute the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (aivs). separate eurasian and american aiv gene pools exist. here, the prevalence and diversity of aivs in gulls and dabbling ducks in norway were described. the influence of host species and temporal changes on aiv prevalence was examined. five aivs from norway, including three from common gull (larus canus), were analyzed along with 10 available aiv genomes from gulls in eurasia to search for evidence of intraconti ... | 2013 | 23575317 |
| replication of 2 subtypes of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of duck and gull origins in experimentally infected mallard ducks. | many subtypes of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus circulate in wild bird reservoirs, but their prevalence may vary among species. we aimed to compare by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, histology, and immunohistochemistry the distribution and pathogenicity of 2 such subtypes of markedly different origins in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos): h2n3 isolated from a mallard duck and h13n6 isolated from a ring-billed gull (larus delawarensis). ... | 2013 | 23242805 |
| tissue tropism and pathology of natural influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus). | black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) are a suitable host species to study the epidemiology of low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) infection in wild waterbirds because they are a common colony-breeding species in which lpaiv infection is detected frequently, limited mainly to the h13 and h16 subtypes. however, the sites of virus replication and associated lesions are poorly understood. we therefore performed virological and pathological analyses on tissues of black-headed gull ... | 2012 | 23237367 |
| failure of productive infection of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) with h16 subtype of avian influenza viruses. | mallard ducks and other waterfowl represent the most important reservoirs of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaiv). in addition, mallards are the most abundant duck species in eurasia that migrate over long distances. despite extended wild bird monitoring studies over the past decade in many eurasian countries and investigating hundreds of thousands of wild bird samples, no mallard duck was found to be positive for avian influenza virus of subtype h16 in faecal, cloacal or oropharyngeal ... | 2014 | 25205059 |
| risk of resistant avian influenza a virus in wild waterfowl as a result of environmental release of oseltamivir. | oseltamivir is the best available anti-influenza drug and has therefore been stockpiled worldwide in large quantities as part of influenza pandemic preparedness planning. the active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) is stable and is not removed by conventional sewage treatment. active oc has been detected in river water at concentrations up to 0.86 µg/l. although the natural reservoir hosts of influenza a virus (iav) are wild waterfowl that reside in aquatic environments, the ecologic risk ... | 2016 | 27733236 |
| differential viral fitness between h1n1 and h3n8 avian influenza viruses isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | homosubtypic and heterosubtypic immunity in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) play an important role in the avian influenza virus (aiv) diversity. the mechanisms of aiv replication among wild birds and the role of immunity in aiv diversity have thus not been completely clarified. during the monitoring of ai circulation among wild waterfowl in 2007-2008, two viruses (h3n8 and h1n1) were isolated from ducks caught in a funnel trap located in la hulpe wetland in belgium. h3n8 viruses were revealed to b ... | 2016 | 27309085 |
| differential viral fitness between h1n1 and h3n8 avian influenza viruses isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | homosubtypic and heterosubtypic immunity in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) play an important role in the avian influenza virus (aiv) diversity. the mechanisms of aiv replication among wild birds and the role of immunity in aiv diversity have thus not been completely clarified. during the monitoring of ai circulation among wild waterfowl in 2007-2008, two viruses (h3n8 and h1n1) were isolated from ducks caught in a funnel trap located in la hulpe wetland in belgium. h3n8 viruses were revealed to b ... | 2015 | 26629623 |
| oseltamivir-resistant influenza a (h1n1) virus strain with an h274y mutation in neuraminidase persists without drug pressure in infected mallards. | influenza a virus (iav) has its natural reservoir in wild waterfowl, and emerging human iavs often contain gene segments from avian viruses. the active drug metabolite of oseltamivir (oseltamivir carboxylate [oc]), stockpiled as tamiflu for influenza pandemic preparedness, is not removed by conventional sewage treatment and has been detected in river water. there, it may exert evolutionary pressure on avian iav in waterfowl, resulting in the development of resistant viral variants. a resistant a ... | 2015 | 25616792 |
| chicken and duck myotubes are highly susceptible and permissive to influenza virus infection. | skeletal muscle, at 30 to 40% of body mass, is the most abundant soft tissue in the body. besides its primary function in movement and posture, skeletal muscle is a significant innate immune organ with the capacity to produce cytokines and chemokines and respond to proinflammatory cytokines. little is known about the role of skeletal muscle during systemic influenza a virus infection in any host and particularly avian species. here we used primary chicken and duck multinucleated myotubes to exam ... | 2015 | 25540384 |
| resistance mutation r292k is induced in influenza a(h6n2) virus by exposure of infected mallards to low levels of oseltamivir. | resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) is problematic as these drugs constitute the major treatment option for severe influenza. extensive use of the nai oseltamivir (tamiflu®) results in up to 865 ng/l of its active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) in river water. there one of the natural reservoirs of influenza a, dabbling ducks, can be exposed. we previously demonstrated that an influenza a(h1n1) virus in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) exposed to 1 µg/l of oc developed oseltamivi ... | 2013 | 23951116 |
| full genome sequence of a natural reassortant h9n2 avian influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in jiangsu province, china. | in this study, the complete genomic sequence of a novel reassortant h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) from domestic ducks in eastern china was reported. phylogenetic analysis showed that seven of the eight genes were all highly homologous to the chicken-origin h9n2 viruses, whereas the pb2 gene was homologous to the human-origin h1n1 virus, which suggested that domestic ducks might play a key role in the genetic reassortment and evolution of h9n2 aivs in eastern china. | 2013 | 23868123 |
| pathobiology and virus shedding of low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (a/h1n1) infection in mallards exposed to oseltamivir. | low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses in wild birds are important as they can constitute the basis for the development of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses or form part of human-adapted strains with pandemic potential. however, the pathogenesis of lpai viruses is not well characterized in dabbling ducks, one of the natural reservoirs of lpai viruses. between 21 september 2009 and 21 december 2009, we used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr), histopat ... | 2013 | 23307376 |
| full genome sequence of a recombinant h1n2 avian influenza virus isolated from wild waterfowl in the east dongting lake wetland. | here, we report the full genome sequence of an h1n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from wild waterfowl in dongting lake. phylogenetic analysis showed that it was a novel recombinant aiv between domestic ducks and wild waterfowl. investigation of this virus is helpful for our understanding of the ecology of aiv in this region. | 2014 | 24558230 |
| characterization of a novel reassortant influenza a virus (h2n2) from a domestic duck in eastern china. | while h2n2 viruses have been sporadically isolated from wild and domestic birds, h2n2 viruses have not been detected among human populations since 1968. should h2n2 viruses adapt to domestic poultry they may pose a risk of infection to people, as most anyone born after 1968 would likely be susceptible to their infection. we report the isolation of a novel influenza a virus (h2n2) cultured in 2013 from a healthy domestic duck at a live poultry market in wuxi city, china. sequence data revealed th ... | 2014 | 25533850 |
| consecutive natural influenza a virus infections in sentinel mallards in the evident absence of subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. | dabbling ducks, particularly mallards (anas platyrhynchos) have been frequently and consistently reported to play a pivotal role as a reservoir of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv). from october 2006 to november 2008, hand-raised mallard ducks kept at a pond in an avifaunistically rich area of southern germany served as sentinel birds in the aiv surveillance programme in germany. the pond was regularly visited by several species of dabbling ducks. a flock of sentinel birds, consisting ... | 2013 | 22816511 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of a novel reassortant h2n8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a domestic duck in zhejiang province in china. | the circulation of the h2 subtype influenza viruses in domestic animals increases the risk of human exposure to these viruses. an h2n8 avian influenza virus (aiv) was isolated from a domestic duck during aiv surveillance of poultry in live poultry markets (lpms) in zhejiang province, eastern china, in 2013. the phylogenetic trees suggested that this strain is a novel reassortant virus derived from multiple aiv subtypes from aquatic birds and poultry in eastern asia. although this reassortant str ... | 2016 | 27379842 |
| characterization of a novel h3n2 influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in china. | cases of human infection with a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus (aiv) were first reported in march 2013, which caused 115 deaths within a single year. beyond that, other subtypes of h7 aiv were isolated from poultry in eastern china during the same period, including h7n7 and h7n2 aiv. in the present study, a subtype h3n2 aiv was isolated from ducks from anhui province, china. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven gene segments of this virus showed the highest sequence homology ... | 2016 | 27000112 |
| generation of reassortant influenza viruses within the non-industrial poultry system. | we compared the genetic and biologic characteristics of 35 influenza viruses of different epidemiological backgrounds in korea, including h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ). phylogenetic analysis revealed that chicken adapted h9n2 viruses (a/chicken/korea/96006/96 [ck/kor/96006-like]) have acquired aquatic avian gene segments through reassortment, and these reassorted h9n2 viruses were more frequently detected from minor poultry species than from industrial poultry. conversely, gene segments from ... | 2012 | 22386854 |
| characterization of the whole-genome sequence of an h3n6 avian influenza virus, isolated from a domestic duck in guangxi, southern china. | a field strain of h3n6 avian influenza virus (aiv), a/duck/guangxi/175d12/2014(h3n6), was isolated from a native duck in guangxi province, southern china, in 2014. all of the eight aiv gene segments were sequenced, and sequence results revealed that there were 11 amino acid deletions at the na stalk region. the na, pb2, and np genes showed highest homology to h5n6 aiv, and the pa gene showed highest homology to h7n2 aiv. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the eight aiv gene segments belonged t ... | 2015 | 26472834 |
| low pathogenic influenza a virus activity at avian interfaces in ohio zoos, 2006-2009. | this investigation to examine influenza a virus activity in avian species at four ohio zoos was initiated to better understand the ecology of avian-origin influenza a (aiv) virus in wild aquatic birds and the possibility of spill-over of such viruses into captive zoo birds, both native and foreign species. virus isolation efforts resulted in the recovery of three low pathogenic (lp) aiv isolates (one h7n3 and two h3n6) from oral-pharyngeal or cloacal swabs collected from over 1000 zoo birds repr ... | 2013 | 24283133 |
| evaluation of two different swab transport systems in the detection of avian influenza virus excretion from infected pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | the role of wild birds in the epidemiology and ecology of influenza a viruses has long been recognised (alexander, 2007a). as a result of the emergence of a h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus and the apparent role of wild birds in its spread across asia, europe and africa, avian influenza (ai) wild bird surveillance has been implemented in many countries including, since february 2006, a mandatory programme in the european union (cec, 2006a). in the present study the detection o ... | 2012 | 22609802 |
| failure of transmission of low-pathogenic avian influenza virus between mallards and freshwater snails: an experimental evaluation. | in aquatic bird populations, the ability of avian influenza (ai) viruses to remain infectious in water for extended periods provides a mechanism that allows viral transmission to occur long after shedding birds have left the area. however, this also exposes other aquatic organisms, including freshwater invertebrates, to ai viruses. previous researchers found that ai viral rna can be sequestered in snail tissues. using an experimental approach, we determined whether freshwater snails (physa acuta ... | 2013 | 24502718 |
| a novel reassortant h3n8 influenza virus isolated from drinking water for duck in a domestic duck farm in poyang lake area. | to conduct a full genome sequence analysis for genetic characterization of an h3n8 influenza virus isolated from drinking water of a domestic duck farm in poyang lake area in 2011. | 2013 | 23895699 |
| intestinal excretion of a wild bird-origin h3n8 low pathogenic avian influenza virus in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and other dabbling ducks in the genus anas are an important component of the wild bird reservoir for avian influenza (ai) virus; these viruses are maintained in migratory duck populations through a fecal-oral transmission route. we provide a detailed characterization of intestinal viral shedding in mallards infected with a wild bird-origin low pathogenic (lp) ai virus. five of eight, 1-mo-old mallards inoculated with a high dose of an h3n8 lp ai virus became infecte ... | 2012 | 23060500 |
| genetic characterization of natural reassortant h4 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in zhejiang province in china from 2013 to 2014. | the h4 subtype of the influenza virus was first isolated in 1999 from pigs with pneumonia in canada. h4 avian influenza viruses (aivs) are able to cross the species barrier to infect humans. in order to better understand the genetic relationships between h4 aiv strains circulating in eastern china and other aiv strains from asia, a survey of domestic ducks in live poultry markets was undertaken in zhejiang province from 2013 to 2014. in this study, 23 h4n2 (n = 14) and h4n6 (n = 9) strains were ... | 2015 | 26350888 |
| full-genome sequence analysis of a natural reassortant h4n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a domestic duck in southern china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h4n2 avian influenza virus strain, a/duck/guangxi/125d17/2012(h4n2) (gx125d17), isolated from a duck in guangxi province, china in 2012. we obtained the complete genome sequence of the gx125d17 virus isolation by pcr, cloning, and sequencing. sequence analysis revealed that this h4n2 virus strain was a novel reassortant avian influenza virus (aiv). information about the complete genome sequence of the gx125d17 virus strain will be ... | 2014 | 25212619 |
| complete genomic sequence of a novel reassortant h4n2 avian influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in jiangsu, china. | here, we report the complete genomic sequence of a novel reassortant h4n2 influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in the jiangsu province of china in 2011. phylogenetic analysis showed that all the viral genes except for hemagglutinin (ha) were highly homologous to the clade 2.3.4 h5n2 viruses. the data suggest that genetic reassortment occurred between h4 and h5n2 avian influenza viruses, which highlights the role of domestic poultry as a reassortment vessel in china. | 2013 | 23516214 |
| genetic and antigenic characteristics of h4 subtype avian influenza viruses in korea and their pathogenicity in quails, domestic ducks and mice. | in korea, a nationwide surveillance programme was implemented in 2003 to identify highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs). aivs belonging to one of the most common haemagglutinin subtypes, h4, were isolated from two domestic ducks and 52 wild birds between 2004 and 2010. these h4 aivs could be further classified into three neuraminidase subtypes: h4n6 (94.4%), h4n2 (3.7%) and h4n3 (1.9%). phylogenetic analysis revealed that the h4 aivs had a variety of genetic constellations, with at le ... | 2013 | 23015746 |
| identification of type a influenza viruses from wild birds on the delmarva peninsula, 2007-10. | wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the delaware-maryland-virginia (delmarva) peninsula region within the atlantic flyway were sampled as part of the early detection of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza (ai) in wild migratory birds program. the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) and state wildlife agencies submitted 7858 samples for ai virus (aiv) testing by real-time reverse transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) to the university of delaware poultry health system from april 2007 to march 2011. virus ... | 2017 | 28301233 |
| movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in poyang lake, china: a disease connection. | previous work suggests domestic poultry are important contributors to the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout asia. in poyang lake, china, domestic duck production cycles are synchronized with arrival and departure of thousands of migratory wild birds in the area. during these periods, high densities of juvenile domestic ducks are in close proximity to migratory wild ducks, increasing the potential for the virus to be transmitted and subsequently disseminat ... | 2016 | 27695384 |