| [comparison of direct microscopy, culture, elisa and molecular methods for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica]. | amebiasis, a parasitic infection caused by entamoeba histolytica, is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. since it is still an important public health problem in developing countries, rapid differential diagnosis of amebiasis is crucial in terms of treatment. the most frequently used method for laboratory diagnosis is direct microscopy, however more reliable and specific methods are needed in order to differentiate the apathogenic entamoeba dispar under the microscope. this stu ... | 2014 | 24506721 |
| breast-feeding protects infantile diarrhea caused by intestinal protozoan infections. | this study investigated the effect of breast-feeding in protection against protozoan infection in infants with persistent diarrhea. infants were classified into 2 groups; 161 breast-fed infants and the same number of non-breast-fed infants. microscopic examinations of stool were done for detection of parasites and measuring the intensity of infection. moreover, serum levels of ige and tnf-α were measured by elisa. cryptosporidium spp., entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar, giardia lamblia, and ... | 2013 | 24327776 |
| influence of parasite density and sample storage time on the reliability of entamoeba histolytica-specific pcr from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. | we report on the reliability of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of entamoeba histolytica from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in comparison with microscopy and have determined predictors that may influence pcr results. e. histolytica-specific and entamoeba dispar-specific real-time pcr and microscopy from adjacent histologic sections were performed using a collection of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained from patients with invasive amebiasis. s ... | 2013 | 24193008 |
| differentiation of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar by the polymerase chain reaction in stool samples of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in the sanliurfa province. | we aimed to diagnose amebiasis and also identify entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) and entamoeba dispar (e. dispar) in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in an endemic region in turkey. | 2013 | 24192618 |
| correlation between genotypes of trna-linked short tandem repeats in entamoeba nuttalli isolates and the geographical distribution of host rhesus macaques. | several polymorphic markers, including serine-rich protein genes, have been used for the genotyping of isolates from the morphologically indistinguishable protozoan parasites entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba nuttalli. genotypes of trna-linked short tandem repeats (strs) are highly polymorphic, but the correlation with geographical distribution is unknown. we have recently isolated 15 e. nuttalli strains from wild rhesus macaques in four locations in kathmandu valley, nepal. ... | 2014 | 24185530 |
| [an update on amebiasis]. | the description of entamoeba dispar, and the recovery of entamoeba moshkovskii from humans had a major impact in the epidemiology and clinical management of amebiasis. infections range from asymptomatic colonization to hemorrhagic colitis and extra-intestinal diseases. only a minority of amebiasis patients progress to the development of disease. recent studies suggest that susceptibility to infection, and its outcome is influenced by the host, parasite genotype, and environment. the identificati ... | 2013 | 24089276 |
| real-time pcr assay in differentiating entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii infections in orang asli settlements in malaysia. | amebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica is the third leading cause of death worldwide. this pathogenic amoeba is morphologically indistinguishable from e. dispar and e. moshkovskii, the non-pathogenic species. polymerase chain reaction is the current method of choice approved by world health organization. real-time pcr is another attractive molecular method for diagnosis of infectious diseases as post-pcr analyses are eliminated and turnaround times are shorter. the present work aimed to compa ... | 2013 | 23985047 |
| need for species-specific detection for the diagnosis of amoebiasis in a non-endemic setting. | the diagnosis of amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica is traditionally based on microscopy. however, the specificity of this method may be questioned, especially in areas where infections by e. histolytica are rare. in the present study, a species-specific real-time pcr was used for the identification of the morphologically similar species e. histolytica and entamoeba dispar. out of 15 microscopy-positive stool samples, all were negative for e. histolytica and positive for e. dispar. in 2 ... | 2013 | 23902585 |
| different clinical outcomes of entamoeba histolytica in malaysia: does genetic diversity exist? | the present study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes of entamoeba histolytica infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic orang asli (aborigine) communities in malaysia. examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from orang asli communities in 3 different states using formalin-ether concentration, trichrome staining, and single-round pcr techniques. out of 500 stool samples, single infection of e. histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii was identified ... | 2013 | 23710093 |
| differential detection of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii in fecal samples by nested pcr in the united arab emirates (uae). | amoebiasis is one of the most important infectious diseases afflicting mainly tropical and subtropical countries. this study was carried out in the sharjah emirate, uae in order to accurately detect and differentiate entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and e. moshkovskii in fecal samples collected from the sharjah municipality public health clinic by elisa and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). one hundred and twenty specimens were examined and the pcr was positive for e. histolytica, e ... | 2013 | 23666654 |
| intestinal parasitic and candida infection associated with hiv infection in cameroon. | hiv causes progressive impairment of the cellular immune system leading to increased susceptibility to infectious agents. parasitic infestations are common in hiv-infected patients and usually lead to diarrhoea. few studies have addressed the issue of intestinal parasites among hiv-infected persons in cameroon. this investigation was conducted in douala, cameroon, to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in hiv-infected patients, taking into account their immune status and treatme ... | 2013 | 23416660 |
| experimental amoebic liver abscess in hamsters caused by trophozoites of a brazilian strain of entamoeba dispar. | it has been claimed that amoebic molecules such as amoebapore, galactose/n-acetyl galactosamine inhibitable lectin, and cysteine proteases are responsible for host tissue destruction and are present in both pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar. some reports have provided evidence that after infection with e. dispar, pathological changes may occur in some humans. the aim of this study was to evaluate e. dispar pathogenicity by comparing it to the pathogenicity of e ... | 2013 | 23380037 |
| prevalence of entamoeba nuttalli infection in wild rhesus macaques in nepal and characterization of the parasite isolates. | we have recently resurrected the name entamoeba nuttalli castellani, 1908 for a potentially virulent ameba isolate, p19-061405, obtained from a rhesus macaque in kathmandu, nepal. the ameba was morphologically indistinguishable from entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar/entamoeba moshkovskii, but located phylogenetically between e. histolytica and e. dispar. to evaluate the prevalence of e. nuttalli infection in wild rhesus macaques, 112 fecal samples were collected in four locations of the kat ... | 2013 | 23370534 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii infection among three orang asli ethnic groups in malaysia. | entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar/entamoeba moshkovskii infection is still prevalent in rural malaysia especially among orang asli communities. currently, information on prevalence of this infection among different ethnic groups of orang asli is unavailable in malaysia. to contribute to a better comprehension of the epidemiology of this infection, a cross-sectional study aimed at providing the first documented data on the prevalence and risk factors associated with e. histolytica/e. dispar/ ... | 2012 | 23133561 |
| molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis in malaysia: highlighting the different risk factors of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections among orang asli communities. | currently, species-specific information on entamoeba infections is unavailable in malaysia and is restricted worldwide due to the re-description of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii. therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to provide the first known documented data on the true prevalence of these three species in western malaysia using a molecular method. another aim of this study was to determine the association of potenti ... | 2012 | 23123168 |
| use of multiplex real-time pcr for detection of common diarrhea causing protozoan parasites in egypt. | diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium spp., and entamoeba histolytica are the most common diarrhea-causing parasitic protozoa. diagnosis of these parasites is usually performed by microscopy. however, microscopy lacks sensitivity and specificity. replacing microscopy with more sensitive and specific nucleic acid based methods is hampered by the higher costs, in particular in developing countries. multiplexing the detection of ... | 2013 | 23114927 |
| entamoeba dispar strains: analysis of polymorphism in tunisian isolates. | the ability to detect intra-species polymorphism in entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar is an important tool for studying geographic distribution and transmission mechanisms. e. dispar and e. histolytica share the same mechanism for transmission among human hosts, and so after differentiation between these species. we studied the intra-species variation and distribution of e. dispar strains obtained from cyst passers, specifically from african students and tunisian food handlers. we analy ... | 2013 | 23036807 |
| differentiating entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in rural communities in malaysia. | in this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting 16s ribosomal rna of entamoeba species. | 2012 | 22947430 |
| first molecular identification of entamoeba moshkovskii in malaysia. | entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba dispar are microscopically indistinguishable from the pathogenic species entamoeba histolytica. although sporadic cases of human infection with e. moshkovskii have been reported, the amoeba is still considered primarily as a free-living amoeba. a cross-sectional study was carried out among orang asli communities in 3 different states of peninsular malaysia. fecal samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques and then s ... | 2012 | 22939193 |
| [differentiation of entamoeba histolytica from entamoeba dispar using gal/galnac-lectin and polymerase chain reaction]. | entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are morphologically identical. however, the former is highly pathogenic and the latter is not. | 2012 | 22854693 |
| blastocystis spp., cryptosporidium spp., and entamoeba histolytica exhibit similar symptomatic and epidemiological patterns in healthcare-seeking patients in karachi. | in this study, we collected data on the incidence of enteric parasites in healthcare-seeking individuals along with their symptoms to quantify the potential roles of factors such as age, sex, and seasonality in infection. we performed analysis to identify factors which could help differentiate parasitic infection from other causes of gastrointestinal illness in a community. the size of the patient population (n = 339), patient selection methodology, collection methods, and statistical analysis f ... | 2012 | 22763702 |
| development of a thermostabilized, one-step, nested, tetraplex pcr assay for simultaneous identification and differentiation of entamoeba species, entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar from stool samples. | entamoeba histolytica is the only entamoeba species that causes amoebiasis in humans. approximately 50 million people are infected, with 100, 000 deaths annually in endemic countries. molecular diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica is important to differentiate it from the morphologically identical entamoeba dispar to avoid unnecessary medication. conventional molecular diagnostic tests require trained personnel, cold-chain transportation and/or are storage-dependent, which make them user-unfriendl ... | 2012 | 22556327 |
| nonutility of routine testing of stool for ova and parasites in a tertiary care canadian centre. | in many clinical situations, stool examinations for ova and parasites (o&p) are routine in the work-up of patients with acute or chronic diarrhea. frequently, these tests are found to be negative for pathogens. the purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic yield of routine stool testing for o&p in a canadian tertiary care centre and to estimate the potential clinical benefit of a positive result. | 2012 | 22540249 |
| control of entamoeba histolytica adherence involves metallosurface protease 1, an m8 family surface metalloprotease with homology to leishmanolysin. | invasive amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica infection is an important cause of morbidity in developing countries. the e. histolytica genome contains two homologues to the metalloprotease leishmanolysin gene, entamoeba histolytica msp-1 (ehmsp-1) and ehmsp-2, while the commensal ameba entamoeba dispar has lost ehmsp-1. in this study, we sought to characterize e. histolytica metallosurface protease 1 (ehmsp-1). using immunoprecipitation and a model substrate, we found that ehmsp-1 was a functi ... | 2012 | 22451519 |
| differences in cap formation between invasive entamoeba histolytica and non-invasive entamoeba dispar. | the rapid redistribution of surface antigen-antibody complexes in trophozoites of the human protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, in a process known as capping, has been considered as a means of the parasite to evade the host immune response. so far, capping has been documented in the invasive e. histolytica, whereas the mobility of surface components in the non-invasive entamoeba dispar is not known. e. dispar does not induce liver lesions in rodent experimental models, in contrast to the l ... | 2012 | 22278728 |
| in silico analysis of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like modifiers and their conjugating enzymes in entamoeba species. | covalent modification of proteins by ubiquitin (ub) and ubiquitin-like modifiers (ubls) regulates many cellular functions in eukaryotes. these modifications are likely to be associated with pathogenesis, growth, and development of many protozoan parasites but molecular details about this pathway are unavailable for most protozoa. this study presents an analysis of the ub pathway in three members of the entamoeba species. using bioinformatics tools we have identified all ub and ubl genes along wi ... | 2012 | 22246365 |
| evaluation of a single pcr assays on cp5 gene for differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar. | we examined a molecular method with a single-pcr for amplification of a part of cp5 gene enabling us to differentiate the pathogenic species, entamoeba histolytica, from the non-pathogenic species, e. dispar. | 2010 | 23113039 |
| differential diagnosis of entamoeba spp. in clinical stool samples using sybr green real-time polymerase chain reaction. | amoebiasis, a disease caused by entamoeba histolytica, is usually diagnosed by microscopic examination, which does not differentiate the morphologically identical species of the e. histolytica/e. dispar complex. furthermore, morphologically similar species such as entamoeba hartmanni contribute to misidentification. therefore, there is a need for more sensitive and specific methods. this study standardized a multiplex real-time pcr system for e. histolytica and e. dispar and a single real-time p ... | 2014 | 24693242 |
| employing binol-phosphoroselenoyl chloride for selective inositol phosphorylation and chemical synthesis of glycosyl inositol phospholipid from entamoeba histolytica. | here we describe the chemical synthesis of glycosyl inositol phospholipids from entamoeba histolytica. the key feature of this synthesis is a regioselective phosphorylation reaction that occurs via desymmetrization of a myo-inositol derivative with phosphoroselenoyl chloride. we also developed a new protecting group strategy that utilizes allyl and alloc groups to synthesize complex glycolipids bearing unsaturated lipids. these developments provided an efficient synthetic route for various compl ... | 2017 | 28390155 |
| corrigendum: n-acetyl ornithine deacetylase is a moonlighting protein and is involved in the adaptation of entamoeba histolytica to nitrosative stress. | | 2017 | 28378758 |
| clinical study on the efficacy of amoebex (coded herbal drug) compared with metronidazole for the treatment of amoebic dysentery. | amoebiasisis an infectious disease, which originated with the single-celled parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica. the parasitic amoeba infects the liver and intestine and may cause mild diarrhea and serious dysentery with bloody and mucoid stool. a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of amoebex (400mg), a herbal formulation for the treatment of amoebiasis infections as compared to that of metronidazole (400mg). the therapeutic evaluations of these medicines were carried out on 184 ... | 2016 | 28375117 |
| stem loop-mediated isothermal amplification test: comparative analysis with classical lamp and pcr in detection of entamoeba histolytica in kenya. | entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent for amoebiasis is a considerable burden to population in the developing countries where it accounts for over 50 million infections. the tools for detection of amoebiasis are inadequate and diagnosis relies on microscopy which means a significant percent of cases remain undiagnosed. moreover, tests formats that can be rapidly applied in rural endemic areas are not available. | 2017 | 28359328 |
| amoeboma in a saudi resident: a case report. | amoebiasis is the third most frequent cause of mortality after malaria and schistosomiasis. in developed countries, amebiasis is also seen in migrants who have travelled to endemic areas. the factors responsible for its progression from intestinal amebiasis to an amebic liver abscess are not fully understood. | 2016 | 28348756 |
| spontaneous resolution of a hepatogastric fistula. | | 2017 | 28345399 |
| development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection of entamoeba histolytica in stool sample. | entamoeba histolytica infection remains a public health concern in developing countries. early diagnosis of amoebiasis can avoid disease complications, thus this study was aimed at developing a test that can rapidly detect the parasite antigens in stool samples. rabbits were individually immunized with recombinant pyruvate phosphate dikinase (rppdk) and e. histolytica excretory-secretory antigens to produce polyclonal antibodies. a rapid dipstick test was produced using anti-rppdk pab lined on t ... | 2017 | 28335696 |
| structural and functional studies of a noncanonical dicer from entamoeba histolytica. | rnaseiii proteins are dsrna-specific endonucleases involved in many important biological processes, such as small rna processing and maturation in eukaryotes. various small rnas have been identified in a protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. ehrnaseiii is the only rnaseiii endonuclease domain (riiid)-containing protein in e. histolytica. here, we present three crystal structures that reveal several unique structural features of ehrnaseiii, especially the interactions between the two helixes ... | 2017 | 28317870 |
| the tudor staphylococcal nuclease protein of entamoeba histolytica participates in transcription regulation and stress response. | entamoeba histolytica is the protozoa parasite responsible of human amoebiasis, disease that causes from 40,000 to 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. however, few are known about the expression regulation of molecules involved in its pathogenicity. transcription of some virulence-related genes is positively controlled by the cis-regulatory element named ure1. previously we identified the transcription factor that binds to ure1, which displayed a nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. this protein ... | 2017 | 28293543 |
| behavior of dna-lacking mitochondria in entamoeba histolytica revealed by organelle transplant. | the anaerobic protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica has mitosomes that are mitochondria lacking some canonical functions and organelle dna. mitosomes play an important role in the life cycle of the parasite. the distribution of proteins in mitosomes is not uniform, and how mitosomes are maintained and retained is unknown. to answer these questions, we developed a transplant method for mitosomes with hemagglutinin-tagged protein into recipient cells containing mitosomes with myc-tagged protein ... | 2017 | 28287148 |
| role of eosinophils and tumor necrosis factor alpha in interleukin-25-mediated protection from amebic colitis. | the parasite entamoeba histolytica is a cause of diarrhea in infants in low-income countries. previously, it was shown that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) production was associated with increased risk of e. histolytica diarrhea in children. interleukin-25 (il-25) is a cytokine that is produced by intestinal epithelial cells that has a role in maintenance of gut barrier function and inhibition of tnf-α production. il-25 expression was decreased in humans and in the mouse model of amebic coli ... | 2017 | 28246365 |
| antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of cnidoscolus chayamansa (mc vaugh) extract and the isolated compounds. | cnidoscolus chayamansa is a medicinal and edible plant known as chaya, is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent and as a remedy for respiratory illness, gastrointestinal disorders, and vaginal infections related with the inflammation process. in this paper, we describe the plant's phytochemical analysis and biological activities (antimycobacterial, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anti-inflammatory properties) of the chcl3:meoh (1:1) leaves extract and isolat ... | 2017 | 28222400 |
| antiprotozoal constituents from annona cherimola miller, a plant used in mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. | annona cherimola miller (annonaceae) is a medicinal plant frequently recommended in mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery. | 2017 | 28216899 |
| entamoeba histolytica-encoded homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to mucosal inflammation during amebic colitis. | | 2017 | 28186296 |
| [ambiguous hepatic mass and fever after stay in turkey]. | we report the case of a 76-year old female patient with a hepatic mass after staying in eastern turkey. there were no indices for malignancy or an infection with echinococcus or entamoeba histolytica. finally we diagnosed a fascioliasis (liver fluke) and cured the patient successfully. | 2017 | 28180910 |
| first molecular epidemiology of entamoeba histolytica, e. dispar and e. moshkovskii infections in yemen: different species-specific associated risk factors. | to investigate the molecular epidemiology of entamoeba histolytica, e. dispar and e. moshkovskii infections among rural communities in yemen. | 2017 | 28151567 |
| sine polymorphism reveals distinct strains of entamoeba histolytica from north india. | entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite causing significant morbidity and mortality in the developing world. more tools are needed to understand the epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of amebiasis. virulence pattern of e. histolytica could be linked with the genotype of a strain. several loci showing insertion polymorphism of retrotransposable short interspersed nuclear elements ehsine1 and ehsine2 have been reported among laboratory strains of e. histolytica. the present study was ... | 2017 | 28131659 |
| investigating the mechanism of adp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | adp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase (acd) catalyzes the interconversion of acetyl-coa and acetate. the related succinyl-coa synthetase follows a three-step mechanism involving a single phosphoenzyme, but a novel four-step mechanism with two phosphoenzyme intermediates was proposed for pyrococcus acd. characterization of enzyme variants of entamoeba acd in which the two proposed phosphorylated his residues were individually altered revealed that only his252 is essential for enzymatic activity. anal ... | 2017 | 28129670 |
| the monomeric gtpase rab35 regulates phagocytic cup formation and phagosomal maturation in entamoeba histolytica. | one of the hallmarks of amoebic colitis is the detection of entamoeba histolytica (eh) trophozoites with ingested erythrocytes. therefore, erythrophagocytosis is traditionally considered as one of the most important criteria to identify the pathogenic behavior of the amoebic trophozoites. phagocytosis is an essential process for the proliferation and virulence of this parasite. phagocytic cargo, upon internalization, follows a defined trafficking route to amoebic lysosomal degradation machinery. ... | 2017 | 28126902 |
| iron responsive-like elements in the parasite entamoeba histolytica. | in entamoeba histolytica, iron modulates virulence and gene expression via unknown regulatory mechanisms. the existence of a posttranscriptional iron regulatory system parallel to the ire/irp (iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein) system in the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis has recently been reported. due to their evolutionary closeness and the importance of iron for growth and virulence in these protozoa, we hypothesized the existence of an ire/irp-like mechanism in e. histolytica. ... | 2017 | 28100304 |
| nanoformulation of synergistic tlr ligands to enhance vaccination against entamoeba histolytica. | diarrheal infectious diseases represent a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. there is an urgent need for vaccines against diarrheal pathogens, especially parasites. modern subunit vaccines rely on combining a highly purified antigen with an adjuvant to increase their efficacy. in the present study, we evaluated the ability of a nanoliposome adjuvant system to trigger a strong mucosal immune response to the entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac lectin leca antigen. cba/j mice were immunize ... | 2017 | 28089548 |
| a study on hla-dr/dq typing in adult malay patients with acute amoebic liver abscess. | amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by entamoeba histolytica that may lead to death in developing countries. few important risk factors have been identified in the development of amoebic liver abscess (ala). there are limited reports that suggest an association between antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) particularly class ii antigens and ala development. this present work aimed at studying the possible association of hla antigens with ala and disease severity. results of ... | 2016 | 28087959 |
| cytosine dna methylation at promoter of non ltr retrotransposon and heat shock protein gene (hsp70) of entamoeba histolytica and lack of correlation with transcription status. | non ltr retrotransposons (ehlines and ehsines) occupy 11% of the entamoeba histolytica genome. since promoter dna methylation at cytosines has been correlated with transcriptional silencing of transposable elements in model organisms we checked whether this was the case in ehline1. we located promoter activity in a 841bp fragment at 5'-end of this element by luciferase reporter assay. from rnaseq and rt-pcr analyses we selected a transcriptionally active and silent copy to study cytosine dna met ... | 2017 | 28082182 |
| prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infection in schoolchildren in battambang, cambodia. | most intestinal parasitic infections (ipis), commonly endemic in tropical resource-poor developing countries, are neglected tropical diseases. parasitic infections and malnutrition are most commonly found in children. we determined the prevalence of ipis and the risk factors in battambang province, northwestern cambodia, from august to september 2015. this study collected 308 valid questionnaires and specimens from dontri (173, 56.2%) and kon kaêk (135, 43.8%) primary schools. all stool samples ... | 2017 | 28070012 |
| muc2 mucin and butyrate contribute to the synthesis of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in response to entamoeba histolytica- and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. | embedded in the colonic mucus are cathelicidins, small cationic peptides secreted by colonic epithelial cells. humans and mice have one cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (cramp) each, ll-37/hcap-18 and cramp, respectively, with related structure and functions. altered production of muc2 mucin and antimicrobial peptides is characteristic of intestinal amebiasis. the interactions between muc2 mucin and cathelicidins in conferring innate immunity against entamoeba histolytica are not well ... | 2017 | 28069814 |
| amoebic liver abscess in northern sri lanka: first report of immunological and molecular confirmation of aetiology. | since 1985, amoebic liver abscess (ala) has been a public health problem in northern sri lanka. clinicians arrive at a diagnosis based on clinical and ultrasonographic findings, which cannot differentiate pyogenic liver abscess (pla) from ala. as the treatment and outcome of the ala and pla differs, determining the etiological agent is crucial. | 2017 | 28061872 |
| new antiprotozoal agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of different 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives. | in an endeavor to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives (5-14) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for antiprotozoal activity. the compounds were screened in vitro against the hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica and nf54 chloroquine-sensitive strain of plasmodium falciparum. among the synthesized compounds six exhibited promising antiamoebic activity with ic50 values (0.14-1.26μm) lower ... | 2017 | 28027871 |
| data on rad51 amino acid sequences from higher and lower eukaryotic model organisms and parasites. | this paper contains data related to the research article titled "characterization of the recombination activities of the entamoeba histolytica rad51 recombinase" (kelso et al., in press) [1]. the known and putative amino acid sequence of rad51, the central enzyme of homologous recombination, from nineteen different higher and lower eukaryotic organisms was analyzed. here, we show amino acid conservation using a multiple sequence alignment, overall sequence identities using a percent identity mat ... | 2017 | 28018950 |
| (1)h, (13)c and (15)n nmr assignments of an unusual ca(2+)-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica in its apo form. | we report almost complete sequence specific (1)h, (13)c and (15)n nmr assignments of an unusual ca(2+)-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica (ehcabp6) in its apo form as a prelude to its structural and functional characterization. | 2017 | 27990612 |
| amoebic liver abscess: an unusual cause for a right iliac fossa mass: a case report. | amoebic liver abscess is the most common extra intestinal manifestation of amoebiasis in tropical countries. it usually presents with right hypochondrial pain, fever and anorexia. amoebic liver abscess has gained clinical significance due to the wide variety of clinical presentations which can cause diagnostic dilemmas and high mortality in untreated cases. | 2016 | 27931200 |
| phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α during stress and encystation in entamoeba species. | entamoeba histolytica is an enteric pathogen responsible for amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. it alternates between the host-restricted trophozoite form and the infective environmentally-stable cyst stage. throughout its lifecycle e. histolytica experiences stress, in part, from host immune pressure. conversion to cysts is presumed to be a stress-response. in other systems, stress induces phosphorylation of a serine residue on eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eif2α). this inhibit ... | 2016 | 27930733 |
| metal dependence and branched rna cocrystal structures of the rna lariat debranching enzyme dbr1. | intron lariats are circular, branched rnas (brnas) produced during pre-mrna splicing. their unusual chemical and topological properties arise from branch-point nucleotides harboring vicinal 2',5'- and 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages. the 2',5'-bonds must be hydrolyzed by the rna debranching enzyme dbr1 before spliced introns can be degraded or processed into small nucleolar rna and microrna derived from intronic rna. here, we measure the activity of dbr1 from entamoeba histolytica by using a synth ... | 2016 | 27930312 |
| effect of mass stool examination and mass treatment for decreasing intestinal helminth and protozoan infection rates in bolivian children: a cross-sectional study. | bolivia is one of the countries with a high intestinal helminth and protozoan infection rate. despite the high prevalence of the parasitic infection, nationwide preventive measures for bolivian children have not yet been implemented. we evaluated the effect of mass stool examination and treatment as a strategy for decreasing the infection rate. this study was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in children aged 2-18 years. a total of 2,033 stool samples (575 in 2013, 815 in 2014 and 642 in 2015) wer ... | 2016 | 27923058 |
| improved anticancer and antiparasitic activity of new lawsone mannich bases. | substituted lawsone mannich bases 2a-e, 3a-e and 4a-e were prepared and tested for their biological activities. the new fatty alkyl substituted compounds 2a-c exhibited strong and selective growth inhibitory activities in the low one-digit micromolar and sub-micromolar range against a panel of human cancer cell lines associated with ros formation. in addition, compounds 2a-c revealed sub-micromolar anti-trypanosomal activities against parasitic trypanosoma brucei brucei cells via deformation of ... | 2017 | 27912173 |
| lateral gene transfer of p-cresol- and indole-producing enzymes from environmental bacteria to mastigamoeba balamuthi. | p-cresol and indole are volatile biologically active products of the bacterial degradation of tyrosine and tryptophan respectively. they are typically produced by bacteria in animal intestines, soil and various sediments. here, we demonstrate that the free-living eukaryote mastigamoeba balamuthi and its pathogenic relative entamoeba histolytica produce significant amounts of indole via tryptophanase activity. unexpectedly, m. balamuthi also produces p-cresol in concentrations that are bacteriost ... | 2017 | 27902886 |
| proteome analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of entamoeba histolytica hm1:imss via lc-esi-ms/ms and lc-maldi-tof/tof. | excretory-secretory (es) proteins of e. histolytica are thought to play important roles in the host invasion, metabolism, and defence. elucidation of the types and functions of e. histolytica es proteins can further our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. thus, the aim of this study is to use proteomics approach to better understand the complex es proteins of the protozoa. | 2016 | 27895543 |
| functionally conserved rna-binding and protein-protein interaction properties of line-orf1p in an ancient clade of non-ltr retrotransposons of entamoeba histolytica. | retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements found in most organisms. their origin and evolution is not very well understood. retrotransposons that lack long terminal repeats (non-ltr) have been classified based on their reverse transcriptase (rt) and endonuclease sequences into groups, of which r2 is the most ancient. its members contain a single open reading frame (orf) while there are two orfs in the other groups, of which orf2 contains the rt and endonuclease sequences. it is thought that or ... | 2017 | 27894878 |
| study of infections among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in shadan hospital, telangana, india. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pandemicity is a major concern today as it causes greater loss of productivity than any other disease. hiv infection leads to profound immune deficiency and patients become highly susceptible to opportunistic infections (ois). hiv epidemic in india is heterogeneous in nature, both in terms of routes of transmission as well as geographical spread. | 2017 | 27890948 |
| antioxidant defense of nrf2 vs pro-inflammatory system of nf-κb during the amoebic liver infection in hamster. | entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic liver abscess (ala), which course with an uncontrolled inflammation and nitro-oxidative stresses, although it is well known that amoeba has an effective defence mechanisms against this toxic environment, the underlying molecular factors responsible for progression of tissue damage remain largely unknown. the purpose of the present study was to determine during the acute stage of ala in hamsters, the involvement of nuclear factor (erythroid- ... | 2017 | 27876112 |
| recent advances in entamoeba biology: rna interference, drug discovery, and gut microbiome. | in recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cell biology of the human parasite entamoeba histolytica, an important pathogen with significant global impact. this review outlines some recent advances in the entamoeba field in the last five years, focusing on areas that have not recently been discussed in detail: (i) molecular mechanisms regulating parasite gene expression, (ii) new efforts at drug discovery using high-throughput drug screens, and (iii) th ... | 2016 | 27853522 |
| underestimated amoebic appendicitis among hiv-1-infected individuals in japan. | entamoeba histolytica is not a common causative agent of acute appendicitis. however, amoebic appendicitis can sometimes be severe and life threatening, mainly due to a lack of awareness. also, its frequency, clinical features, and pathogenesis remain unclear. the study subjects were hiv-1-infected individuals who presented with acute appendicitis and later underwent appendectomy at our hospital between 1996 and 2014. formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded preserved appendix specimens were reexamined ... | 2017 | 27847377 |
| structures of parasite calreticulins provide insights into their flexibility and dual carbohydrate/peptide-binding properties. | calreticulin (crt) is a multifaceted protein, initially discovered as an endoplasmic reticulum (er) chaperone protein, that is essential in calcium metabolism. various implications in cancer, early development and immunology have been discovered more recently for crt, as well as its role as a dominant 'eat-me' prophagocytic signal. intriguingly, cell-surface exposure/secretion of crt is among the infective strategies used by parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, entamoeba histolytica, taenia soli ... | 2016 | 27840680 |
| phase i clinical trial results of auranofin, a novel antiparasitic agent. | under an nih priority to identify new drugs to treat class b parasitic agents, we performed high-throughput screens, which identified the activity of auranofin (ridaura) against entamoeba histolytica and giardia intestinalis, major causes of water- and foodborne outbreaks. auranofin, an orally administered, gold (au)-containing compound that was approved by the fda in 1985 for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, was effective in vitro and in vivo against e. histolytica and both metronidazole-sens ... | 2017 | 27821451 |
| the motility of entamoeba histolytica: finding ways to understand intestinal amoebiasis. | the pathogenic amoeba entamoeba histolytica is able to migrate within various compartments of the human body. the present article reviews progress in understanding the mechanisms of cell motility in e. histolytica during human intestinal invasion and, in particular, how the three-dimensional characteristics of the environment regulate the parasite's behaviour. the amoeboid mode of migration that applies to e. histolytica's displacements on two-dimensional surfaces is also expected to apply to th ... | 2016 | 27497052 |
| n-acetyl ornithine deacetylase is a moonlighting protein and is involved in the adaptation of entamoeba histolytica to nitrosative stress. | adaptation of the entamoeba histolytica parasite to toxic levels of nitric oxide (no) that are produced by phagocytes may be essential for the establishment of chronic amebiasis and the parasite's survival in its host. in order to obtain insight into the mechanism of e. histolytica's adaptation to no, e. histolytica trophozoites were progressively adapted to increasing concentrations of the no donor drug, s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) up to a concentration of 110 μm. the transcriptome of no adapte ... | 2016 | 27808157 |
| identification of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar infection in maceió, alagoas state, northeast brazil. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of e. histolytica and e. dispar by examining stool samples obtained from 1,003 students of public schools in maceió, alagoas, brazil. | 2016 | 27801380 |
| recent progress on the discovery of antiamoebic agents. | a large number of protozoans infect humans but entamoeba histolytica is the only organism responsible for causing amoebiasis, a deadly disease after malaria. numerous heterocycle-based antiamoebic agents have been previously synthesized as e. histolytica inhibitors and while some of these agents have shown moderate activity, the search for a novel and ideal antiamoebic compound is still ongoing. in this digest letter, we present the latest data on antiamoebic agents from 2011 to 2016 based on th ... | 2016 | 27707603 |
| a new nucleocytoplasmic rhogap protein contributes to control the pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica by regulating ehracc and ehracd activity. | small gtpases are signalling molecules that regulate important cellular processes. gtpases are deactivated by gtpase-activating proteins (gaps). while human gaps have been intensively studied, no gap has yet been characterized in entamoeba histolytica. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel nucleocytoplasmic rhogap in e. histolytica termed ehrhogapnc. in silico analyses of the domain structure revealed a previously undescribed peptide region within the carboxy-terminal region of ... | 2016 | 27107405 |
| cardioprotective effects of monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor on myocardial ischemic injury by targeting vimentin. | monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif), a heat-stable pentapeptide produced by entamoeba histolytica, has anti-inflammatory function and protective effect on ischemic stroke. in this study, we evaluated the effect of mlif on myocardial ischemia. mice were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (lad). after sacrifice, the serum concentrations of cardiac troponin i (ctni), creatine kinase (ck), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) as well as the heart in ... | 2016 | 27773717 |
| extensive transcriptome analysis correlates the plasticity of entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis to rapid phenotype changes depending on the environment. | amoebiasis is a human infectious disease due to the amoeba parasite entamoeba histolytica. the disease appears in only 20% of the infections. diversity in phenotypes may occur within the same infectious strain in the gut; for instance, parasites can be commensal (in the intestinal lumen) or pathogenic (inside the tissue). the degree of pathogenesis of clinical isolates varies greatly. these findings raise the hypothesis that genetic derivation may account for amoebic diverse phenotypes. the main ... | 2016 | 27767091 |
| role of ehrab7a in phagocytosis of type 1 fimbriated e. coli by entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic colitis and liver abscess in human, ingests the intestinal bacteria and variety of host cells. phagocytosis of bacteria by the amebic trophozoite has been reported to be important for the virulence of the parasite. here, we set out to characterize different stages of phagocytosis of type 1 e. coli and investigated the role of a set of amoebic rab gtpases in the process. the localizations of the rab gtpases during different stages of the phago ... | 2016 | 27663892 |
| entamoeba encystation: new targets to prevent the transmission of amebiasis. | amebiasis is caused by entamoeba histolytica infection and can produce a broad range of clinical signs, from asymptomatic cases to patients with obvious symptoms. the current epidemiological and clinical statuses of amebiasis make it a serious public health problem worldwide. the entamoeba life cycle consists of the trophozoite, the causative agent for amebiasis, and the cyst, the form responsible for transmission. these two stages are connected by "encystation" and "excystation." hence, develop ... | 2016 | 27764256 |
| efficiency of direct microscopy of stool samples using an antigen-specific adhesin test for entamoeba histolytica. | e. histolytica is among the common causes of acute gastroenteritis. the pathogenic species e. histolytica and the nonpathogenic species e. dispar cannot be morphologically differentiated, although correct identification of these protozoans is important for treatment and public health. in many laboratories, the screening of leukocytes, erythrocytes, amoebic cysts, trophozoites and parasite eggs is performed using native-lugol's iodine for pre-diagnosis. | 2016 | 27761283 |
| recurrent amebic liver abscesses over a 16-year period: a case report. | amebic liver abscess is a rare disease in high-income countries. recurrence of amebic liver abscess is even rarer with only a few previous reports. here we present a patient who developed three subsequent amebic liver abscesses over a sixteen-year period. | 2016 | 27756400 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in the plateau central and centre-ouest regions of burkina faso. | unsafe drinking water, unimproved sanitation and lack of hygiene pose health risks, particularly to children in low- and middle-income countries. this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged children in two regions of burkina faso. | 2016 | 27756339 |
| the potential of lactobacillus casei and entercoccus faecium combination as a preventive probiotic against entamoeba. | travellers' diarrhoea caused by enteric protozoa like entamoeba histolytica is among the most common protozoan diseases in developing countries. in developing countries, amoebiasis is the second most prevalent protozoan disease. this protozoan parasite is often known to coexist as a part of the normal gut microbiota. it is estimated that around 50-60 % of population in developing countries might be harbouring entamoeba in an asymptomatic manner. due to physiological perturbation or upon immuno-c ... | 2016 | 27709564 |
| intestinal parasitic infections and associated epidemiological drivers in two rural communities of the bolivian chaco. | in 2013 a coproparasitological survey was carried out in two rural communities of the bolivian chaco to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) and to investigate on possible infection drivers through a questionnaire interview. | 2016 | 27694735 |
| characterization of the recombination activities of the entamoeba histolytica rad51 recombinase. | the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis is entamoeba histolytica. an important facet of the life cycle of e. histolytica involves the conversion of the mature trophozoite to a cyst. this transition is thought to involve homologous recombination (hr), which is dependent upon the rad51 recombinase. here, a biochemical characterization of highly purified ehrad51 protein is presented. the ehrad51 protein preferentially binds ssdna, forms a presynaptic filament and possesses atp hydro ... | 2017 | 27678398 |
| prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease in university clinical hospital mostar. | to explore the prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, in patients in clinical hospital mostar (bosnia and herzegovina, region of herzegovina). | 2016 | 27652159 |
| entamoeba histolytica: overexpression of the gal/galnac lectin, ehcp2 and ehcp5 genes in an in vivo model of amebiasis. | the parasite entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal amebiasis and amebic liver abscess as its main extraintestinal manifestation. to study the in vivo events related to inflammation and the interactions between hosts and parasites during amebiasis, we designed a novel model of host-parasite interactions using cellulose membrane dialysis bags containing e. histolytica trophozoites. a bag is placed into the hamster peritoneal cavity, as has been reported in previous studies of programmed cell dea ... | 2016 | 27616150 |
| comparison of microscopic and immunoassay examination in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa of humans in mansoura, egypt. | protozoal diseases are prevalent globally and especially in developing countries that have relatively lower socioeconomic populations such as egypt. direct microscopic examination (dme) is used for the detection and identification of protozoa but lacks sufficient reliability, and thus may be detrimental in obtaining accurate diagnostic or epidemiological data. in this study, we determine the prevalence of infections by giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium sp., and entamoeba histolytica in human ... | 2016 | 27605751 |
| enteric pathogens and factors associated with acute bloody diarrhoea, kenya. | shigellosis is the major cause of bloody diarrhoea worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. in kenya, bloody diarrhoea is reported weekly as part of priority diseases under integrated disease surveillance and response system (idsr) in the ministry of health. | 2016 | 27600526 |
| synthesis, antiamoebic and molecular docking studies of furan-thiazolidinone hybrids. | in continuation of our previous work, a series of furan-thiazolidinone hybrids was prepared by knoevenagel condensation of 3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one with different aryl aldehydes in presence of strong base. some members of the series exhibited remarkable antiamoebic activity and cell viability. three compounds (3, 6 and 11) showed excellent binding energy for entamoeba histolytica o-acetyle-l-serine sulfohydrolase and entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase. ... | 2016 | 27597415 |
| performance of microscopy and elisa for diagnosing giardia duodenalis infection in different pediatric groups. | techniques for giardia diagnosis based on microscopy are usually applied as routine laboratory testing; however, they typically exhibit low sensitivity. this study aimed to evaluate giardia duodenalis and other intestinal parasitic infections in different pediatric groups, with an emphasis on the comparison of giardia diagnostic techniques. feces from 824 children from different groups (diarrheic, malnourished, with cancer and from day care) were examined by microscopy and elisa for giardia, cry ... | 2016 | 27586394 |
| overexpression of differentially expressed genes identified in non-pathogenic and pathogenic entamoeba histolytica clones allow identification of new pathogenicity factors involved in amoebic liver abscess formation. | we here compared pathogenic (p) and non-pathogenic (np) isolates of entamoeba histolytica to identify molecules involved in the ability of this parasite to induce amoebic liver abscess (ala)-like lesions in two rodent models for the disease. we performed a comprehensive analysis of 12 clones (a1-a12) derived from a non-pathogenic isolate hm-1:imss-a and 12 clones (b1-b12) derived from a pathogenic isolate hm-1:imss-b. "non-pathogenicity" included the induction of small and quickly resolved lesio ... | 2016 | 27575775 |
| the intestinal bacterial microbiome and e. histolytica infection. | entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, is a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea in south asia and sub-saharan africa. the clinical outcome of an e. histolytica exposure varies enormously and can present as diarrhea, dysentery, or amebic liver abscess. host and parasite factors likely contribute to the outcome of infection with the parasite, but do not explain the wide variation in presentation of disease. this suggests that other environmental factors affect disease. an e ... | 2017 | 27525214 |
| role of cysteine residues in the redox-regulated oligomerization and nucleotide binding to ehrabx3. | the enteric protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, an etiological agent of amebiasis, is involved in the adhesion and destruction of human tissues. worldwide, the parasite causes about 50 million cases of amebiasis and 100,000 deaths annually. ehrabx3, a unique amoebic rab gtpase with tandem g-domains, possesses an unusually large number of cysteine residues in its n-terminal domain. crystal structure of ehrabx3 revealed an intra-molecular disulfide bond between c39 and c163 which is critica ... | 2016 | 27485554 |
| primary pulmonary amebiasis complicated with multicystic empyema. | amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan entamoeba histolytica. while most infections are asymptomatic, the disease could manifest clinically as amebic dysentery and/or extraintestinal invasion in the form of amebic liver abscess or other more rare manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac, or brain involvement. herein we are reporting a case of a 24-year-old male with history of down syndrome who presented with severe right side pneumonia complicated with multicystic empyema r ... | 2016 | 27478673 |
| fulminant amebic colitis after corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review. | amebic colitis, caused by intestinal infection with the parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide. fulminant amebic colitis is the most devastating complication of this infection, associated with both high mortality and morbidity. we conducted a review of the english literature to describe cases of fulminant amebic colitis associated with exposure to corticosteroid medications in order to identify the risk factors for poor outcome and determine difficulties in diag ... | 2016 | 27467600 |
| modulation of innate immune response by the vagus nerve in experimental hepatic amebiasis in rats. | the parasympathetic nervous system has a crucial role in immunomodulation of the vagus nerve, its structure provides a pathogen detection system, and a negative feedback to the immune system after the pathogenic agent has been eliminated. amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, considered the third leading cause of death in the world. the rats are used as a natural resistance model to amoebic liver infection. the aim of this study is to analyze the interact ... | 2016 | 27466057 |
| role of serum amyloid a, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and bone marrow granulocyte-monocyte precursor expansion in segmented filamentous bacterium-mediated protection from entamoeba histolytica. | intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) protect from ameba infection, and protection is transferable with bone marrow dendritic cells (bmdcs). sfb cause an increase in serum amyloid a (saa), suggesting that saa might mediate sfb's effects on bmdcs. here we further explored the role of bone marrow in sfb-mediated protection. transient gut colonization with sfb or saa administration alone transiently increased the h3k27 histone demethylase jmjd3, persistently increased bone marrow csf2ra e ... | 2016 | 27456830 |
| antiamoebic activity of adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother and its effect on the actin cytoskeleton of entamoeba histolytica. | in mexico, the adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother plant is consumed as an infusion to treat intestinal diseases such as amoebiasis, which is an endemic health problem in mexico and other countries. however, the effect of a. aurantium on entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, is unknown. an aerial part methanolic extract (aamea), a root methanolic extract (aamer) and a root ethyl acetate extract (aaear) were tested on e. histolytica trophozoites. aamea and aamer did not show ... | 2016 | 27445810 |