| fungal cell wall organization and biosynthesis. | the composition and organization of the cell walls from saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, schizosaccharomyces pombe, neurospora crassa, and cryptococcus neoformans are compared and contrasted. these cell walls contain chitin, chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, melanin, and glycoproteins as major constituents. a comparison of these cell walls shows that there is a great deal of variability in fungal cell wall composition ... | 2013 | 23419716 |
| a limited role of inkt cells in controlling systemic candida albicans infections. | candida albicans is a major cause of invasive fungal infections. mortality attributable to candidemia is very high, even when patients are treated with adequate antifungal agents. therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms of immune response to c. albicans. invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells, innate lymphocytes that express an invariant t cell receptor α chain, participate in the response to various microbes, including two fungal pathogens, aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococc ... | 2012 | 23183205 |
| current understanding of hog-mapk pathway in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lethal systemic invasive aspergillosis. it must be able to adapt to stress in the microenvironment during host invasion and systemic spread. the high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway is a key element that controls adaptation to environmental stress. it plays a critical role in the virulence of several fungal pathogens. in this review, we summarize the current knowled ... | 2013 | 23161019 |
| some southern african plant species used to treat helminth infections in ethnoveterinary medicine have excellent antifungal activities. | diseases caused by microorganisms and parasites remain a major challenge globally and particularly in sub-saharan africa to man and livestock. resistance to available antimicrobials and the high cost or unavailability of antimicrobials complicates matters. many rural people use plants to treat these infections. because some anthelmintics e.g. benzimidazoles also have good antifungal activity we examined the antifungal activity of extracts of 13 plant species used in southern africa to treat gast ... | 2012 | 23134805 |
| antifungal spectrum, in vivo efficacy, and structure-activity relationship of ilicicolin h. | ilicicolin h is a polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrps)-natural product isolated from gliocadium roseum, which exhibits potent and broad spectrum antifungal activity, with sub-μg/ml mics against candida spp., aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus spp. it showed a novel mode of action, potent inhibition (ic50 = 2-3 ng/ml) of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 reductase, and over 1000-fold selectivity relative to rat liver cytochrome bc1 reductase. ilicicolin h exhibited in vivo efficacy ... | 2012 | 24900384 |
| unraveling the antifungal activity of a south american rattlesnake toxin crotamine. | crotamine is a highly basic peptide from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus rattlesnake. its common gene ancestry and structural similarity with the β-defensins, mainly due to an identical disulfide bond pattern, stimulated us to assess the antimicrobial properties of native, recombinant, and chemically synthesized crotamine. antimicrobial activities against standard strains and clinical isolates were analyzed by the colorimetric microdilution method showing a weak antibacterial activity ... | 2013 | 23022146 |
| the antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of different fractions of four south african bauhinia species used traditionally to treat diarrhoea. | many bauhinia species, including those indigenous to south africa, are used in traditional medicine across the world for treating ailments such as gastrointestinal tract (git) disorders, diabetes, infectious diseases and inflammation. | 2012 | 22917809 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of derivatives of 2- and 3-benzofurancarboxylic acids. | we found that amiodarone has potent antifungal activity against a broad range of fungi, potentially defining a new class of antimycotics. investigations into its molecular mechanisms showed amiodarone mobilized intracellular ca2+, which is thought to be an important antifungal characteristic of its fungicidal activity. amiodarone is a synthetic drug based on the benzofuran ring system, which is contained in numerous compounds that are both synthetic and isolated from natural sources with antifun ... | 2012 | 22892340 |
| comparative analysis of calcineurin signaling between candida dubliniensis and candida albicans. | candida dubliniensis, an emerging fungal pathogen, is the closest known species to the established pathogenic species candida albicans. despite the fact that these two species share > 80% genome sequence identity, they exhibit distinct properties such as less hyphal growth, reduced pathogenicity and increased sensitivity to sodium stress and elevated temperatures in c. dubliniensis compared with c. albicans. it is, however, largely unknown whether signaling pathways are conserved in the two cand ... | 2012 | 22808313 |
| [role of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species in host defense and inflammation]. | neutrophil accumulation is a critical event in the pathogenesis of inflammation. the generation of hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (mpo) in neutrophils is crucial to the host defense response. mpo-deficient (mpo-ko) mice showed severely reduced cytotoxicity to candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans and other microorganisms, demonstrating that an mpo-dependent oxidative system is important for in vivo host defense against fungi. on the other hand, impaired reactive ... | 2012 | 22728595 |
| amino acid-derived 1,2-benzisothiazolinone derivatives as novel small-molecule antifungal inhibitors: identification of potential genetic targets. | we have identified four synthetic compounds (dfd-vi-15, bd-i-186, dfd-v-49, and dfd-v-66) from an amino acid-derived 1,2-benzisothiazolinone (bzt) scaffold that have reasonable mic(50) values against a panel of fungal pathogens. these compounds have no structural similarity to existing antifungal drugs. three of the four compounds have fungicidal activity against candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans, and several dermatophytes, while one is fungicidal to aspergillus fumigatus. the kill rates of ... | 2012 | 22687516 |
| antifungal cyclic peptides from the marine sponge microscleroderma herdmani. | screening natural product extracts from the national cancer institute open repository for antifungal discovery afforded hits for bioassay-guided fractionation. using lc-ms analysis to generate chemical structure information on potentially active compounds, two new cyclic hexapeptides, microsclerodermins j (1) and k (2), were isolated from the deep-water sponge microscleroderma herdmani, along with microsclerodermins a (3) and b (4), previously isolated from an unidentified microscleroderma speci ... | 2012 | 23936761 |
| the ram network in pathogenic fungi. | the regulation of ace2 and morphogenesis (ram) network is a protein kinase signaling pathway conserved among eukaryotes from yeasts to humans. among fungi, the ram network has been most extensively studied in the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been shown to regulate a range of cellular processes, including daughter cell-specific gene expression, cell cycle regulation, cell separation, mating, polarized growth, maintenance of cell wall integrity, and stress signaling. increasing num ... | 2012 | 22544903 |
| hypoxia and fungal pathogenesis: to air or not to air? | over the last 3 decades, the frequency of life-threatening human fungal infections has increased as advances in medical therapies, solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, an increasing geriatric population, and hiv infections have resulted in significant rises in susceptible patient populations. although significant advances have been made in understanding how fungi cause disease, the dynamic microenvironments encountered by fungi during infection and the mechanisms by which th ... | 2012 | 22447924 |
| antimicrobial polyacetylenes from panax ginseng hairy root culture. | two new polyacetylenes, 1-hydroxydihydropanaxacol (3) and 17-hydroxypanaxacol (4), were isolated from panax ginseng hairy root culture, along with dihydropanaxacol (1), panaxacol (2) and ginsenoyne d (5). highly hydroxylated compounds 1-4 were isolated from the medium and compound 5, which was a biosynthetic precursor of compound 1, was isolated from the roots. compounds 1-4 showed antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fu ... | 2012 | 22382419 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the aspergillus fumigatus hypoxia response using an oxygen-controlled fermenter. | aspergillus fumigatus is a mold responsible for the majority of cases of aspergillosis in humans. to survive in the human body, a. fumigatus must adapt to microenvironments that are often characterized by low nutrient and oxygen availability. recent research suggests that the ability of a. fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi to adapt to hypoxia contributes to their virulence. however, molecular mechanisms of a. fumigatus hypoxia adaptation are poorly understood. thus, to better understand how a ... | 2012 | 22309491 |
| trivalent ultrashort lipopeptides are potent ph dependent antifungal agents. | the activity of antimicrobial peptides (amps) that contain a large proportion of histidine residues (pk(a) ∼ 6) depends on the physiological ph environment. advantages of these amps include high activity in slightly acidic areas of the human body and relatively low toxicity in other areas. also, many amps are highly active in a multivalent form, but this often increases toxicity. here we designed ph dependent amphiphilic compounds consisting of multiple ultrashort histidine lipopeptides on a tri ... | 2012 | 22243686 |
| invasive fungal infections after renal transplantation. | invasive fungal infection (ifi) is a leading cause of infection-related mortality among kidney allograft recipients. | 2012 | 25013619 |
| ras-mediated signal transduction and virulence in human pathogenic fungi. | signal transduction pathways regulating growth and stress responses are areas of significant study in the effort to delineate pathogenic mechanisms of fungi. in-depth knowledge of signal transduction events deepens our understanding of how a fungal pathogen is able to sense changes in the environment and respond accordingly by modulation of gene expression and re-organization of cellular activities to optimize fitness. members of the ras protein family are important regulators of growth and diff ... | 2012 | 24855584 |
| candida albicans: a model organism for studying fungal pathogens. | candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes candidiasis. as healthcare has been improved worldwide, the number of immunocompromised patients has been increased to a greater extent and they are highly susceptible to various pathogenic microbes and c. albicans has been prominent among the fungal pathogens. the complete genome sequence of this pathogen is now available and has been extremely useful for the identification of repertoire of genes present in this pathogen. th ... | 2012 | 23762753 |
| opportunistic infection in the patients with acute liver failure: a report of three cases with one fatality. | we report three cases of severe opportunistic infection in patients with acute liver failure (alf). these cases included a 56-year-old man infected with cryptococcus neoformans, cytomegarovirus (cmv), candida albicans and aspergillus fumigates, as well as a 62-year-old man and a 54-year-old woman infected with pneumocystis pneumonia, cmv and aspergillus fumigatus. one patient died as a result of the infection rather than liver failure. we stress the importance of opportunistic infection as a con ... | 2009 | 26192799 |
| the cryptococcus neoformans alkaline response pathway: identification of a novel rim pathway activator. | the rim101/pacc transcription factor acts in a fungal-specific signaling pathway responsible for sensing extracellular ph signals. first characterized in ascomycete fungi such as aspergillus nidulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae, the rim/pal pathway maintains conserved features among very distantly related fungi, where it coordinates cellular adaptation to alkaline ph signals and micronutrient deprivation. however, it also directs species-specific functions in fungal pathogens such as cryptococc ... | 2015 | 25859664 |
| secondary metabolites from the fungus emericella nidulans. | a new polyketide derivative koninginin h (1), has been isolated from the fungus emericella nidulans, together with koninginin e (2), koninginin a (3), trichodermatide b (4), citrantifidiol (5), (4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2-one (6), the glycerol derivatives gingerglycolipid b (7), (2s)-bis[9z,12z]-1-o, 2-o-dilinoleoyl-3-o-[alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1" --> 6') beta-d-galactopyranosyl]glycerol (8), (2s)-bis[9z,12z]-1-o, 2-o-dilinoleoyl-3-o-beta-d-galactopyranosylglycerol (9), the cerebroside f ... | 2013 | 24273867 |
| ph response pathways in fungi: adapting to host-derived and environmental signals. | microorganisms are significantly affected when the ambient ph of their environment changes. they must therefore be able to sense and respond to these changes in order to survive. previous investigators have studied various fungal species to define conserved ph-responsive signaling pathways. one of these pathways, known as the pal/rim pathway, is activated in response to alkaline ph signals, ultimately targeting the pacc/rim101 transcription factor. although the central signaling components are c ... | 2011 | 22783112 |
| antimicrobial assay and genetic screening of selected freshwater cyanobacteria and identification of a biomolecule dihydro-2h-pyran-2-one derivative. | explorations of freshwater cyanobacteria as antimicrobial (bacteria, fungi and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains) drug resource using bioassay, nrps (non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase) and pks (polyketide synthase) genes, as well as in silico approach. | 2017 | 28004519 |
| silicon incorporated morpholine antifungals: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. | known morpholine class antifungals (fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, and amorolfine) were synthetically modified through silicon incorporation to have 15 sila-analogues. twelve sila-analogues exhibited potent antifungal activity against different human fungal pathogens such as candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus niger. sila-analogue 24 (fenpropimorph analogue) was the best in our hands, which showed superior fungicidal potential than fenpro ... | 2015 | 26617963 |
| novel imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as promising antifungal agents against clinical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. | we herein report the synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of twenty five novel hybrid derivatives of imidazo [2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole containing chalcones (5a-o) and schiff bases (6a-j) against three fungal strains (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus niger). most of the tested compounds displayed substantial anti-fungal activity with mics ranging between 1.56 and 100 μg/ml. compounds 5a, 5b and 5n exhibited promising activity against c. neoformans at a mic 1.56 ... | 2015 | 25847769 |
| novel and unique domains in aminoacyl-trna synthetases from human fungal pathogens aspergillus niger, candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. | some species of fungi can cause serious human diseases, particularly to immuno-compromised individuals. opportunistic fungal infections are a leading cause of mortality, and present an emerging challenge that requires development of new and effective therapeutics. aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aarss) are indispensable components of cellular protein translation machinery and can be targeted for discovery of novel anti-fungal agents. | 2014 | 25479903 |
| phyllanthus wightianus müll. arg.: a potential source for natural antimicrobial agents. | phyllanthus wightianus belongs to euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. the present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts of p. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (cand ... | 2014 | 24883301 |
| three bioactive sesquiterpene quinones from the fijian marine sponge of the genus hippospongia. | a sesquiterpenoid quinone, epi-ilimaquinone (1), and two sesquiterpene amino quinones, smenospongine (2) and glycinylilimaquinone (3), were isolated from the fijian marine sponge hippospongia sp. the structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. compounds 1 and 3 were reported for the first time in this study from the sponge of the genus hippospongia. compound 1 displayed potent cytotoxic activity and showed antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylo ... | 2013 | 22963320 |
| aurantoside k, a new antifungal tetramic acid glycoside from a fijian marine sponge of the genus melophlus. | a new tetramic acid glycoside, aurantoside k, was isolated from a marine sponge belonging to the genus melophlus. the structure of the compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (¹h nmr, ¹h-¹h cosy, hsqc, and hmbc, as well as high-resolution esilcms). aurantoside k did not show any significant activity in antimalarial, antibacterial, or hct-116 cytotoxicity assays, but exhibited a wide spectrum of antifungal activity against wild type candida albicans, amphotericin-resistant ... | 2012 | 22363230 |
| fungal melanins differ in planar stacking distances. | melanins are notoriously difficult to study because they are amorphous, insoluble and often associated with other biological materials. consequently, there is a dearth of structural techniques to study this enigmatic pigment. current models of melanin structure envision the stacking of planar structures. x ray diffraction has historically been used to deduce stacking parameters. in this study we used x ray diffraction to analyze melanins derived from cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus niger, w ... | 2012 | 22359541 |
| a matter of structure: structural comparison of fungal carbonic anhydrases. | carbonic anhydrases (cas) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide (co2) and hydrogen carbonate. cas are distributed over all the three domains of life and are divided into five distinct evolutionarily unrelated gene families (α, β, γ, δ, ζ). in the large fungal kingdom, the majority of fungi encode multiple copies of β-cas, with some also possessing genes for α-class cas. hemiascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts encode one or two β-cas, while most of the filamen ... | 2014 | 25109265 |
| terrenolide s, a new antileishmanial butenolide from the endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus. | terrenolide s, a new butenolide derivative (6), together with six known compounds: (22e,24r)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (1), stigmast-4-ene-3-one (2), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3), terretonin a (4), terretonin (5) and butyrolactone vi (7) have been isolated from the endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus isolated from the roots of carthamus lanatus (asteraceae). their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1d, 2d nmr and hresims), as well as optical rotati ... | 2016 | 26299734 |
| molecular identification of fungal pathogens in nodular skin lesions of cats. | in a retrospective study, we investigated 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) samples from cats with histologically confirmed cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses to determine if the pathogens could be identified by molecular methods. aim of the study was to obtain a deep understanding of the spectrum of infectious agents, which, as we hypothesized, was not available by histopathology alone. detection of feline and fungal dna was achieved in 92.3% and 94.2% of the samples, respectively. mo ... | 2015 | 25550386 |
| serum albumin disrupts cryptococcus neoformans and bacillus anthracis extracellular vesicles. | for both pathogenic fungi and bacteria, extracellular vesicles have been shown to contain many microbial components associated with virulence, suggesting a role in pathogenesis. however, there are many unresolved issues regarding vesicle synthesis and stability, including the fact that vesicular packaging for extracellular factors involved in virulence must also have a mechanism for vesicle unloading. consequently, we studied the kinetics of vesicle production and stability using [1-(14) c] palm ... | 2012 | 22289081 |
| antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities from jatropha dioica roots. | the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of organic extracts obtained from roots of the medicinal plant jatropha dioica (euphorbiaceae) were investigated. in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activity, the organic extracts were tested against clinical isolates of the human pathogens bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, candida parapsilosis ... | 2014 | 26031013 |
| three bioactive cyclic dipeptides from the bacillus sp. n strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode. | in continuation of our search for new bioactive secondary metabolites from bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode (epn), three cyclic dipeptides (cdps), cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) (1), cyclo(2-hydroxy-pro-l-leu) (2), and cyclo(l-val-l-pro) (3) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of b. cereus. the chemical structure of the compounds was identified by 1d, 2d nmr and hr-esi-ms. cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) recorded best antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded against cry ... | 2014 | 24291459 |
| kannurin, a novel lipopeptide from bacillus cereus strain ak1: isolation, structural evaluation and antifungal activities. | this study was performed to isolate and characterize novel antifungal lipopeptide from bacillus cereus. | 2013 | 23937170 |
| antimicrobial activity of schinus lentiscifolius (anacardiaceae). | schinus lentiscifolius marchand (syn. schinus weinmannifolius engl) is a plant native to rio grande do sul (southern brazil) and has been used in brazilian traditional medicine as antiseptic and antimicrobial for the treatment of many different health problems as well as to treat leucorrhea and to assist in ulcer and wound healing. although it is a plant widely used by the population, there are no studies proving this popular use. | 2013 | 23684720 |
| manduca sexta gloverin binds microbial components and is active against bacteria and fungi. | hyalophora gloveri gloverin is a glycine-rich and heat stable antimicrobial protein with activity mainly against escherichia coli. however, spodoptera exigua gloverin is active against a gram-positive bacterium but inactive against e. coli. in this study, we investigated expression profile, binding ability and antimicrobial activity of manduca sexta gloverin (msglv). msglv transcript was detected in several tissues of naïve larvae with higher levels in the midgut and testis. expression of msglv ... | 2012 | 22858411 |
| the phytochemical content and antimicrobial activities of malaysian calophyllum canum (stem bark). | recently there was huge increase in using of 'herbal products'. these can be defined as plants, parts of plants or extracts from plants that are used for curing disease. however, calophyllum species is a tropical plant and it has been used in traditional medicine, the limitation in safety and effectiveness information could lead to serious health problems. providing information for communities by evaluating the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities will impr ... | 2012 | 22713941 |
| semisynthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel guttiferone-a derivatives. | six derivatives of guttiferone-a (lfqm-79, 80, 81, 82, 113 and 114) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic or pathogenic fungi candida albicans (atcc 09548), candida glabrata (atcc 90030), candida krusei (atcc 6258), candida parapsilosis (atcc 69548), candida tropicalis (atcc 750), cryptococcus neoformans (atcc 90012), trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum gypseum and also against the opportunistic and pathogenic gram-positive bacteria staphylococ ... | 2012 | 22401914 |
| the additive and synergistic antimicrobial effects of select frankincense and myrrh oils--a combination from the pharaonic pharmacopoeia. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oil samples of frankincense (boswellia rivae, boswellia neglecta and boswellia papyrifera) and two essential oil samples of myrrh and sweet myrrh (commiphora guidotti and commiphora myrrha), collected from different regions of ethiopia, was investigated independently and in combination to determine their anti-infective properties. | 2012 | 22288378 |
| biologically active and thermally stable polymeric schiff base and its metal polychelates: their synthesis and spectral aspects. | new metal polychelates of mn(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) obtained by the interaction of metal acetates with polymeric schiff base containing formaldehyde and piperazine, have been investigated. structural and spectroscopic properties have been evaluated by elemental analysis, ft-ir and (1)h-nmr. geometry of the chelated polymers was confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements, uv-visible spectroscopy and electron spin resonance. the molecular weight of the polymer was determined ... | 2015 | 25955762 |
| screening of antimicrobial activity of macroalgae extracts from the moroccan atlantic coast. | the aim of this work is the screening of the antimicrobial activity of seaweed extracts against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. the antimicrobial activity of the dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of ten marine macroalgae collected from the moroccan's atlantic coast (el-jadida) was tested against two gram+ (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) and two gram- (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) human pathogenic bacteria, and against two pathogenic yeasts (candida albicans and c ... | 2015 | 25614071 |
| microbiology of cooked and dried edible mediterranean field crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) submitted to four different heating treatments. | to increase the shelf life of edible insects, modern techniques (e.g. freeze-drying) add to the traditional methods (degutting, boiling, sun-drying or roasting). however, microorganisms become inactivated rather than being killed, and when rehydrated, many return to vegetative stadia. crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) were submitted to four different drying techniques (t1 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 60℃; t2 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 80℃; t3 = 30' cooking, 12 ... | 2017 | 27235993 |
| potential use of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriocins to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy goats. | mastitis caused by microbial infections in dairy goats reduces milk yield, modifies milk composition, and potentially contributes to morbidity in herds and consumers of dairy products. microorganisms associated with mastitis in dairy goats are commonly controlled with antibiotics, but it is known that continued use of these chemical agents promotes antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations. recently, it has been shown that bacteriocins of bacillus thuringiensis inhibit growth of food-bor ... | 2016 | 26022411 |
| solid organ transplant donors with central nervous system infection. | while donor-derived infections (ddi) remain uncommon, multiple reports describe ddi with pathogens that cause central nervous system (cns) infection resulting in significant recipient disease. the ad hoc disease transmission advisory committee (dtac) reviewed the records of potential donor-derived disease transmission events (pddte) to describe donor characteristics and outcomes associated with ddi from cns pathogens. | 2014 | 24914569 |
| detection and identification of yeasts from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by use of pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | diagnosis of yeast infection is typically accomplished by fungal smear and culture, histopathologic examination, and/or serologic studies. newer assays based on mass spectrometry may be useful for yeast identification when histologic examination is inconclusive, fungal cultures are not ordered, or cultures fail to yield a causative agent. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the plex-id broad fungal assay to accurately detect and identify yeasts in formalin-fixed paraffin-emb ... | 2013 | 23985922 |
| granulomatous rhinitis due to candida parapsilosis in a cat. | a 9-year-old female spayed domestic medium hair cat presented to the referring veterinarian with a 2-week history of sneezing, which progressed to swelling over the nasal planum. the cat had been under veterinary care for inflammatory bowel disease and had been treated with 1.25 mg/kg prednisolone once a day for approximately 1 year. on physical examination, an approximately 2-3 mm diameter, round polypoid pink soft-tissue mass was protruding slightly from the right nostril. through histologic e ... | 2013 | 23883665 |
| the interaction of fungi with the environment orchestrated by rnai. | the fungal kingdom has been key in the investigation of the biogenesis and function of small rnas (srnas). the discovery of phenomena such as quelling in neurospora crassa represents pioneering work in the identification of the main elements of the rna interference (rnai) machinery. recent discoveries in the regulatory mechanisms in some yeast and filamentous fungi are helping us reach a deeper understanding of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanisms involved in ge ... | 2016 | 26932186 |
| inhibition studies of bacterial, fungal and protozoan β-class carbonic anhydrases with schiff bases incorporating sulfonamide moieties. | a series of new schiff bases derived from sulfanilamide, 3-fluorosulfanilamide or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide containing either a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic tail, have been investigated as inhibitors of three β-carbonic anhydrases (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from three different microorganisms. their antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoan activities have been determined against the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans, the bacterial pathogen brucella suis and the protozoan parasite leis ... | 2015 | 26145821 |
| c-glycosides incorporating the 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl moiety are selective inhibitors of fungal and bacterial carbonic anhydrases. | a small series of c-glycosides containing the methoxyaryl moieties was tested for the inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from cryptococcus neoformans and brucella suis. many compounds showed activities in the micromolar or submicromolar range and excellent selectivity for pathogen cas over human isozymes. the deprotected glycosides incorporating the 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl moiety showed the best inhibition profile and therefore represent leads for the development of nov ... | 2015 | 25291009 |
| intracerebral coinfection with burkholderia pseudomallei and cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | infections are a serious complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. sle patients are particularly susceptible to infection due to immune suppression from underlying disease or treatment. most infections are due to common bacterial organisms. clinicians also need to be aware of the possibility of polymicrobial infections as these may cause diagnostic delay and affect outcomes. we report the case of an intra-cerebral coi ... | 2014 | 24968675 |
| [effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)]. | we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ... | 2015 | 25876285 |
| synthesis of novel quinoline-based 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles as potential anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents. | a new series of n-substituted 2-pyrazolines 9a-f, 10a-f, 11a-f, 12a-f and 13a-f were obtained from the cyclocondensation reaction of [(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]chalcones 8a-f with hydrazine hydrate and its derivatives. fourteen of the synthesized compounds including the starting chalcones were selected by us national cancer institute (nci) for testing their anticancer activity against 60 different human cancer cell lines, with the most important gi50 values ranging from 0.28 to 11.7 μm (0.13- ... | 2017 | 28329730 |
| assessment of safe bioactive doses of foeniculum vulgare mill. essential oil from portugal. | this study was designed to evaluate the antifungal activity of foeniculum vulgare essential oil; concomitantly, the safety of bioactive doses was also unveiled, for the first time, in several mammalian cells. the chemical characterisation was made by gc and gc-ms. antifungal activity was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophytes and aspergillus strains and germ tube inhibition assay was evaluated using candida albicans. cell viability was assessed by the mtt assay. the main constituents of the oil ... | 2017 | 28278624 |
| utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species. | despite the existence of a variety of available yeast-identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed. | 2017 | 28260588 |
| blocking two-component signalling enhances candida albicans virulence and reveals adaptive mechanisms that counteract sustained sapk activation. | the ypd1 phosphorelay protein is a central constituent of fungal two-component signal transduction pathways. inhibition of ypd1 in saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans is lethal due to the sustained activation of the 'p38-related' hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (sapk). as two-component signalling proteins are not found in animals, ypd1 is considered to be a prime antifungal target. however, a major fungal pathogen of humans, candida albicans, can survive the concomitant sus ... | 2017 | 28135328 |
| [evaluation of pna-fish method for direct identification of candida species in blood culture samples and its potential impact on guidance of antifungal therapy]. | early antifungal therapy has a major influence on survival in candidemia. rapid identification of the species has importance for the treatment, prediction of the species-specific primary resistance and variable antifungal susceptibility. recently, molecular-based methods attempt to reduce the time between the positive signal of a blood culture and identification of the fungus. pna-fish (peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization) assay distinguishes a number of frequently isolated c ... | 2016 | 28124963 |
| granule-dependent natural killer cell cytotoxicity to fungal pathogens. | natural killer (nk) cells kill or inhibit the growth of a number of fungi including cryptococcus, candida, aspergillus, rhizopus, and paracoccidioides. although many fungi are not dangerous, invasive fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, cause life-threatening disease in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immunity. while there are similarities to cell-mediated killing of tumor cells, there are also important differences. similar to tumor killing, nk cells directly kill fungi in ... | 2016 | 28123389 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the mastoparan polybia-mpii isolated from venom of the social wasp pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea (vespidae, hymenoptera). | mastoparans, a class of peptides found in wasp venom, have significant effects following a sting as well as useful applications in clinical practice. among these is their potential use in the control of micro-organisms that cause infectious diseases with a significant impact on society. thus, the present study describes the isolation and identification of a mastoparan peptide from the venom of the social wasp pseudopolybia vespiceps and evaluated its antimicrobial profile against bacteria (staph ... | 2017 | 28108242 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-aminonicotinamide derivatives as antifungal agents. | based on the structures of the reported compounds g884 [n-(3-(pentan-2-yloxy)phenyl)nicotinamide], e1210 [3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine], and 10 b [2-amino-n-((5-(3-fluorophenoxy)thiophen-2-yl)methyl)nicotinamide], which inhibit the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins in fungi, a series of novel 2-aminonicotinamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity. most of these compound ... | 2017 | 28071858 |
| utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species. | despite the existence of a variety of available yeast identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed. the its1 and its2 regions of 1 ... | 2017 | 28068213 |
| discovery of biphenyl imidazole derivatives as potent antifungal agents: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies. | fungal infections have became a serious medical problem due to their high incidence and mortality. we describe the discovery and structure-activity relationships studies (sars) of a series of novel biphenyl imidazole derivatives with excellent antifungal activities against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. the most promising compounds 12f-g and 19a-b exhibited excellent activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values in the range of 0.03125-2μg/ml. preliminary mechanism s ... | 2017 | 27955926 |
| activity of scorpion venom-derived antifungal peptides against planktonic cells of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans biofilms. | the incidence of fungal infections has been increasing in the last decades, while the number of available antifungal classes remains the same. the natural and acquired resistance of some fungal species to available therapies, associated with the high toxicity of these drugs on the present scenario and makes an imperative of the search for new, more efficient and less toxic therapeutic choices. antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a potential class of antimicrobial drugs consisting of evolutionarily ... | 2016 | 27917162 |
| synthesis and antifungal in vitro evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines derivatives obtained by aza-diels-alder reaction and microwave irradiation. | a series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were prepared by a microwave-assisted aza-diels-alder reaction between pyrazolylformimidamides 1 and β-nitrostyrenes 2 in toluene as the solvent. this procedure provides a simple one-step and environmentally friendly methodology with good yields for the synthesis of these compounds. all compounds were tested for antifungal activity against two clinically important fungi candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. within the compounds of the series bearing a ... | 2017 | 27890876 |
| ziziphora tenuior l. essential oil from dana biosphere reserve (southern jordan); chemical characterization and assessment of biological activities. | ziziphora tenuior l. (lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant in jordan, which is included in various antimicrobial, antiseptic, expectorant and wound healing preparations. it is used for the treatment of cough, stomach ache, dysentery, fever, uterus infection, gut inflammation and painful menstruation. | 2016 | 27815078 |
| the synthesis and biological evaluation of alkyl and benzyl naphthyridinium analogs of eupolauridine as potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. | eupolauridine, an indenonaphthyridine alkaloid, has been previously reported by us to exhibit antifungal activity. this study describes the synthesis of new alkyl and benzyl naphthyridinium/pyridinium analogs of eupolauridine as potential antifungal agents. a majority of the analogs exhibited antifungal activity against opportunistic pathogens such as candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. several of them were also effective against bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, mrs, pseudomonas and my ... | 2016 | 27769668 |
| ebselen exerts antifungal activity by regulating glutathione (gsh) and reactive oxygen species (ros) production in fungal cells. | ebselen, an organoselenium compound and a clinically safe molecule has been reported to possess potent antifungal activity, but its antifungal mechanism of action and in vivo antifungal activity remain unclear. | 2017 | 27712973 |
| discovery of ibomycin, a complex macrolactone that exerts antifungal activity by impeding endocytic trafficking and membrane function. | natural products are invaluable historic sources of drugs for infectious diseases; however, the discovery of novel antimicrobial chemical scaffolds has waned in recent years. concurrently, there is a pressing need for improved therapeutics to treat fungal infections. we employed a co-culture screen to identify ibomycin, a large polyketide macrolactone that has preferential killing activity against cryptococcus neoformans. using chemical and genome methods, we determined the structure of ibomycin ... | 2016 | 27746129 |
| amino acid permeases and virulence in cryptococcus neoformans. | fungal opportunistic pathogens colonize various environments, from plants and wood to human and animal tissue. regarding human pathogens, one great challenge during contrasting niche occupation is the adaptation to different conditions, such as temperature, osmolarity, salinity, pressure, oxidative stress and nutritional availability, which may constitute sources of stress that need to be tolerated and overcome. as an opportunistic pathogen, c. neoformans faces exactly these situations during th ... | 2016 | 27695080 |
| the celecoxib derivative ar-12 has broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro and improves the activity of fluconazole in a murine model of cryptococcosis. | only one new class of antifungal drugs has been introduced into clinical practice in the last 30 years, and thus the identification of small molecules with novel mechanisms of action is an important goal of current anti-infective research. here, we describe the characterization of the spectrum of in vitro activity and in vivo activity of ar-12, a celecoxib derivative which has been tested in a phase i clinical trial as an anticancer agent. ar-12 inhibits fungal acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) syn ... | 2016 | 27645246 |
| [a clinical study of invasive fungal disease in children without underlying diseases]. | to investigate the clinical features of invasive fungal disease (ifd) in children without underlying diseases. | 2016 | 27530787 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of benzothiazole derivatives as antifungal agents. | a series of compounds with benzothiazole and amide-imidazole scaffolds were designed and synthesized to combat the increasing incidence of drug-resistant fungal infections. the antifungal activity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro, and their structure-activity relationships (sars) were evaluated. the synthesized compounds showed excellent inhibitory activity against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. the most potent compounds 14o, 14p, and 14r exhibited potent activity, with m ... | 2016 | 27494168 |
| hybrid molecules containing a 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline nucleus and a substituted 2-pyrazoline with antiproliferative and antifungal activity. | twenty-four new hybrid analogues (15-38) containing 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline and 2-pyrazoline n-heterocyclic fragments were synthesized. twelve of the new compounds were evaluated against 58 human cancer cell lines by the u.s. national cancer institute (nci). compounds 25, 30, 31, 36, and 37 showed significant cytostatic activity, with the most outstanding gi50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.95 µm. the hybrid compounds (15-38) were also evaluated for antifungal activity against candida albicans ... | 2016 | 27472314 |
| bortezomib inhibits bacterial and fungal β-carbonic anhydrases. | inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from pathogenic fungi (cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, candida glabrata, malassezia globosa) and bacteria (three isoforms from mycobacterium tuberculosis, rv3273, rv1284 and rv3588), as well from the insect drosophila melanogaster (dmeca) and the plant flaveria bidentis (fbica1) with the boronic acid peptidomimetic proteosome inhibitor bortezomib was investigated. bortezomib was a micromolar inhibitor of all these enzymes, with ... | 2016 | 27469982 |
| synthesis, characterization and antifungal evaluation of novel thiochromanone derivatives containing indole skeleton. | invasive fungal disease constitutes a growing health problem and development of novel antifungal drugs with high potency and selectivity against new fungal molecular targets are urgently needed. in order to develop potent antifungal agents, a novel series of 6-alkyl-indolo[3,2-c]-2h-thiochroman derivatives were synthesized. microdilution broth method was used to investigate antifungal activity of these compounds. most of them showed good antifungal activity in vitro. compound 4o showed the best ... | 2016 | 27373770 |
| antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of clerodendrum myricoides (hochst.) r. br. ex vatke: kenyan traditional medicinal plant. | clerodendrum myricoides is a kenyan herbal plant used in the management of respiratory diseases. in the current study, we investigated in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of c. myricoides. | 2017 | 27366347 |
| evaluation of virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility in yeast isolates from postmortem specimens. | invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, especially in cases requiring a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. a total of 99 yeast strains were isolated from 42 postmortem cases. in this study, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of these species were evaluated. the isolates were identified as candida albicans (54), c. tropicalis (15), c. glabrata (12), c. parapsilosis (6), c. lipolytica (3), c. utilis (3), c. kruse ... | 2016 | 27364280 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of artemisia judaica essential oil from southern desert of jordan. | artemisia judaica l. (arabic name: beithran), is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the valley bottoms of desert areas, particularly in the southern desert of jordan nearest to the jordan-saudi arabia borders and in wadi araba in the southern badia. in jordan, a. judaica is widely used in traditional medicine being recommended by aboriginal bedouins in the north badia region of jordan as calmative. furthermore, it is used for the treatment of stomach ache, heart diseases, sexual weakness, ... | 2016 | 27318275 |
| structures of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase from pathogenic fungi reveal the mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis. | trehalose is a disaccharide essential for the survival and virulence of pathogenic fungi. the biosynthesis of trehalose requires trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, tps1, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, tps2. here, we report the structures of the n-terminal domain of tps2 (tps2ntd) from candida albicans, a transition-state complex of the tps2 c-terminal trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase domain (tps2pd) bound to bef3 and trehalose, and catalytically dead tps2pd(d24n) from cryptococcus neoforma ... | 2016 | 27307435 |
| synergism effect of the essential oil from ocimum basilicum var. maria bonita and its major components with fluconazole and its influence on ergosterol biosynthesis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the eo and its major components of ocimum basilicum var. maria bonita, a genetically improved cultivar, against the fluconazole sensitive and resistant strains of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. geraniol presented better results than the eo, with a low mic (76 μg/ml against c. neoformans and 152 μg/ml against both candida strains). the combination of eo, linalool, or geraniol with fluconazole enhanced their antifungal activity, ... | 2016 | 27274752 |
| thailandins a and b, new polyene macrolactone compounds isolated from actinokineospora bangkokensis strain 44ehw(t), possessing antifungal activity against anthracnose fungi and pathogenic yeasts. | two new polyene macrolactone antibiotics, thailandins a, 1, and b, 2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of rhizosphere soil-associated actinokineospora bangkokensis strain 44ehw(t). the new compounds from this strain were purified using semipreparative hplc and sephadex lh-20 gel filtration while following an antifungal activity guided fractionation. their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including uv, hr-esi-ms, and nmr. these compounds demonstrated broad spec ... | 2016 | 27267862 |
| in vitro antifungal and antibiofilm activities of halogenated quinoline analogues against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. | with the increasing prevalence of fungal infections coupled with emerging drug resistance, there is an urgent need for new and effective antifungal agents. here we report the antifungal activities of 19 diverse halogenated quinoline (hq) small molecules against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. four hq analogues inhibited c. albicans growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 100 nm, whilst 16 analogues effectively inhibited c. neoformans at mics of 50-780 nm. remarkably ... | 2016 | 27256584 |
| a substituted sulfonamide and its co (ii), cu (ii), and zn (ii) complexes as potential antifungal agents. | a sulfonamide 1-tosyl-1-h-benzo(d)imidazol-2-amine (tbza) and three new complexes of co(ii), cu(ii), and zn(ii) have been synthesized. the compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, ftir, (1)h, and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy. the structure of the tbza, and its co(ii) and cu(ii) complexes, was determined by x-ray diffraction methods. tbza and its co(ii) complex crystallize in the triclinic p-1 space group, while the cu(ii) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic p21/c space group. antifu ... | 2016 | 27232977 |
| fungal morphogenetic changes inside the mammalian host. | one of the main features of the majority of pathogenic fungi is the ability to switch between different types of morphological forms. these changes include the transition between cells of different shapes (such as the formation of pseudohyphae and hyphae), or the massive growth of the blastoconidia and formation of titan cells. morphological changes occur during infection, and there is extensive evidence that they play a key role in processes required for disease, such as adhesion, invasion and ... | 2016 | 27101887 |
| characterization of a polyethylene glycol-amphotericin b conjugate loaded with free amb for improved antifungal efficacy. | amphotericin b (amb) is a highly hydrophobic antifungal, whose use is limited by its toxicity and poor solubility. to improve its solubility, amb was reacted with a functionalized polyethylene glycol (peg), yielding soluble complex amb-peg formulations that theoretically comprise of chemically conjugated amb-peg and free amb that is physically associated with the conjugate. reverse-phase chromatography and size exclusion chromatography methods using hplc were developed to separate conjugated amb ... | 2016 | 27008086 |
| new claims for wild carrot (daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil. | the essential oil of daucus carota subsp. carota from portugal, with high amounts of geranyl acetate (29.0%), α-pinene (27.2%), and 11αh-himachal-4-en-1β-ol (9.2%), was assessed for its biological potential. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and aspergillus strains. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal lethal concentration (mlc) were evaluated showing a significant activity towards gram-posi ... | 2016 | 26981143 |
| inhibition of bacterial and fungal pathogens by the orphaned drug auranofin. | we identified auranofin as an antimicrobial compound utilizing a high-throughput screen using a caenorhabditis elegans-staphylococcus aureus infection model. results/methodology: treatment of infected nematodes with auranofin resulted in a prolonged survival rate of 95%, reached with 0.78 μg/ml. further investigation of the antimicrobial activity of auranofin found inhibition against s. aureus, enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis. importantly, the fungal pathogens cryptococcus neoform ... | 2016 | 26808006 |
| mechanism of antifungal activity of antimicrobial peptide app, a cell-penetrating peptide derivative, against candida albicans: intracellular dna binding and cell cycle arrest. | we investigated the antifungal properties and anti-candidal mechanism of antimicrobial peptide app. the minimum inhibitory concentration of app was 8 μm against candida albicans and aspeogillus flavus, the concentration against saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans was 16 μm, while 32 μm inhibited aspergilla niger and trichopyton rubrum. app caused slight depolarization (12.32 ± 0.87%) of the membrane potential of intact c. albicans cells when it exerted its anti-candidal activity ... | 2016 | 26743655 |
| lysine enhances the effect of amphotericin b against candida albicans in vitro. | amphotericin b (amb) is a polyene antibiotic produced by streptomyces nodosus and has been used for >50 years in the treatment of acute systemic fungal infections. in the present study, we demonstrated that lysine, an essential amino acid, could enhance the effect of amb against candida albicans in vitro, although lysine itself did not exert a fungicidal effect. in addition, the combination of amb with lysine could provide an enhanced action against candida parapsilosis and cryptococcus neoforma ... | 2016 | 26711896 |
| a novel ellagic acid derivative from desbordesia glaucescens. | one novel ellagic acid derivative, desglauside (1), was isolated from the leaves of desbordesia glaucescens together with three known compounds [3',4'-di-o-methylellagic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3) and β-sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (4)]. their structures were elucidated on the basis of nmr spectroscopic and ms analysis, and by comparison with related published data. the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds showed no activity against four yeast strains [candida albicans (atcc 9 ... | 2015 | 26669108 |
| antifungal saponins from the maya medicinal plant cestrum schlechtendahlii g. don (solanaceae). | bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract (80% etoh) of the leaves of cestrum schlechtendahlii, a plant used by q'eqchi' maya healers for treatment of athlete's foot, resulted in the isolation and identification of two spirostanol saponins (1 and 2). structure elucidation by ms, 1d-nmr, and 2d-nmr spectroscopic methods identified them to be the known saponin (25r)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-o-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1) and new saponin (25r)-1β,2α-dihy ... | 2016 | 26666462 |
| zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their devel ... | 2015 | 26618602 |
| antifungal activity of pyranonaphthoquinones obtained from cipura paludosa bulbs. | previous studies with the bulbs of cipura paludosa (iridaceae) showed the presence of pyranonaphthoquinones, including eleutherine, isoeleutherine and eleutherol. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of these compounds. the activity was tested against the clinically relevant yeasts candida albicans, c. tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans with the microbroth dilution method, following the guidelines of clsi. eleutherine, isoeleutherine and e ... | 2015 | 26594766 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of olea africana against pathogenic yeast and nosocomial pathogens. | olea africana leaves are used by bapedi people to treat different ailments. the use of these leaves is not validated, therefore the aim of this study is to validate antimicrobial properties of this plant. | 2015 | 26577343 |
| novel, synergistic antifungal combinations that target translation fidelity. | there is an unmet need for new antifungal or fungicide treatments, as resistance to existing treatments grows. combination treatments help to combat resistance. here we develop a novel, effective target for combination antifungal therapy. different aminoglycoside antibiotics combined with different sulphate-transport inhibitors produced strong, synergistic growth-inhibition of several fungi. combinations decreased the respective mics by ≥8-fold. synergy was suppressed in yeast mutants resistant ... | 2015 | 26573415 |
| tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) as an alternative host to study fungal infections. | models of host–pathogen interactions are crucial for the analysis of microbial pathogenesis. in this context, invertebrate hosts, including drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and galleria mellonella (moth), have been used to study the pathogenesis of fungi and bacteria. each of these organisms offers distinct benefits in elucidating host–pathogen interactions. in this study,we present a newinvertebrate infection model to study fungal infections: the tenebrio m ... | 2015 | 26453946 |