| the mechanism of uranium transformation from u(vi) into nano-uramphite by two indigenous bacillus thuringiensis strains. | the mechanism of uranium transformation from u(vi) into nano-uramphite by two indigenous bacillus thuringiensis strains was investigated in the present work. our data showed that the bacteria isolated from uranium mine possessed highly accumulation ability to u(vi), and the maximum accumulation capacity was around 400 mg u/g biomass (dry weight). x-ray powder diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ... | 2015 | 26026850 |
| the pqqd homologous domain of the radical sam enzyme thnb is required for thioether bond formation during thurincin h maturation. | thurincin h is a 31-residue, ribosomally synthesized bacteriocin originating from the thn operon of bacillus thuringiensis sf361. it is the only known sactipeptide carrying four thioether bridges between four cysteines and the α-carbons of a serine, an asparagine and two threonine residues. by analysis of the thn operon and use of in vitro studies we now reveal that thnb is a radical s-adenosylmethionine (sam) enzyme containing two [4fe-4s] clusters. furthermore, we confirm the involvement of th ... | 2015 | 26026269 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in trichoplusia ni is conferred by a novel genetic mechanism. | the resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry2ab in a greenhouse-originated trichoplusia ni strain resistant to both bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab was characterized. biological assays determined that the cry2ab resistance in the t. ni strain was a monogenic recessive trait independent of cry1ac resistance, and there existed no significant cross-resistance between cry1ac and cry2ab in t. ni. from the dual-toxin-resistant t. ni strain, a strain resistant to cry2ab only was isolated, an ... | 2015 | 26025894 |
| two-component system yvqec-dependent bacterial resistance against vancomycin in bacillus thuringiensis. | yvqec is one of the two-component signal transduction systems that may respond to cell envelope stress and enable cells to adjust multiple cellular functions. it consists of a histidine kinase yvqe and a response regulator yvqc. in this study, we separately constructed a single gene mutant δyvqe and a double gene mutant δyvqec in bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 through a homing endonucleases i-scei mediated markerless gene deletion method. we found that the deletion of either yvqe or yvqec weakene ... | 2015 | 26025304 |
| potential use of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriocins to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy goats. | mastitis caused by microbial infections in dairy goats reduces milk yield, modifies milk composition, and potentially contributes to morbidity in herds and consumers of dairy products. microorganisms associated with mastitis in dairy goats are commonly controlled with antibiotics, but it is known that continued use of these chemical agents promotes antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations. recently, it has been shown that bacteriocins of bacillus thuringiensis inhibit growth of food-bor ... | 2016 | 26022411 |
| [bt transgenic crops for insect-resistance and modification of bt protein and utilization of stacking strategy]. | insecticidal protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis are currently the most widely used insect-resistant genes. they have been transferred to many crops for breeding and production. among them, cotton, maize, potato and other insect-resistant crops are commercialized, creating considerable economic benefit. in this review, we summarized advances in identifying functional genes and transgenic crops for insect resistance, compared different strategies for enhancing vigor of insecticidal protein ... | 2015 | 26021079 |
| field resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis protein cry1ac expressed in bollgard(®) hybrid cotton in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), populations in india. | bollgard(®) cotton, expressing cry1ac insecticidal protein, was approved for commercial planting in india in 2002, and by 2009 constituted 87% of the indian crop, reducing losses from lepidopteran pests, including pink bollworm (pbw), pectinophora gossypiella. inadequate control of pbw in fields of single-gene bollgard cotton was reported in 2009; surveys revealed heavy infestations of pbw in bollgard, restricted to gujarat state, but not elsewhere in india. | 2016 | 26016704 |
| multilevel assessment of cry1ab bt-maize straw return affecting the earthworm eisenia fetida. | non-target effects of two varieties of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-maize straw (5422bt1 [event bt11] and 5422cbcl [mon810]) return on the eisenia fetida were investigated by using multilevel assessments, compared to near-isogenic non-bt-maize (5422). 5422bt1 straw return had no deleterious effects on adult earthworms and had significantly positive effects on juveniles over three generations. negative, no, and positive effects on adults treated with 5422cbcl straw were observed in the 1st, 2nd an ... | 2015 | 26011413 |
| acaricidal effect and histological damage induced by bacillus thuringiensis protein extracts on the mite psoroptes cuniculi. | the mite psoroptes cuniculi is a common worldwide ectoparasite and the most frequently found in rabbit farms. it causes significant economic losses on commercial rabbit breeding associated with poor leather quality, reduced conception rates, weight loss, poor growth and death. several strategies have been proposed for the treatment of mange caused by this mite, ranging from the use of acaricides, entomopathogenic fungi, essential oils and vaccines. however, therapy and control of both human scab ... | 2015 | 26003809 |
| dissimilar regulation of antimicrobial proteins in the midgut of spodoptera exigua larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis toxins or baculovirus. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) and lysozymes are the main effectors of the insect immune system, and they are involved in both local and systemic responses. among local responses, midgut immune reaction plays an important role in fighting pathogens that reach the insect body through the oral route, as do many microorganisms used in pest control. under this point of view, understanding how insects defend themselves locally during the first phases of infections caused by food-borne pathogens is imp ... | 2015 | 25993013 |
| rna interference: applications and advances in insect toxicology and insect pest management. | since its discovery, rna interference (rnai) has revolutionized functional genomic studies due to its sequence-specific nature of post-transcriptional gene silencing. in this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature and summarize the current knowledge and advances in the applications of rnai technologies in the field of insect toxicology and insect pest management. many recent studies have focused on identification and validation of the genes encoding insecticide target ... | 2015 | 25987228 |
| gm trees with increased resistance to herbivores: trait efficiency and their potential to promote tree growth. | climate change, as well as a more intensive forestry, is expected to increase the risk of damage by pests and pathogens on trees, which can already be a severe problem in tree plantations. recent development of biotechnology theoretically allows for resistance enhancement that could help reduce these risks but we still lack a comprehensive understanding of benefits and tradeoffs with pest resistant gm (genetically modified) trees. we synthesized the current knowledge on the effectiveness of gm f ... | 2015 | 25983736 |
| homologs to cry toxin receptor genes in a de novo transcriptome and their altered expression in resistant spodoptera litura larvae. | insect resistance threatens sustainability of insecticides based on cry proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). since high levels of resistance to cry proteins involve alterations in cry-binding midgut receptors, their identification is needed to develop resistance management strategies. through illumina sequencing we generated a transcriptome containing 16,161 annotated unigenes for the oriental leafworm (spodoptera litura). transcriptome mining identified 6 contigs with identi ... | 2015 | 25981133 |
| genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain btm27, an egyptian isolate highly toxic to cotton leafworm. | bacillus thuringiensis is a potent microbial control agent against insect pests. here, we present the draft genome of the egyptian strain btm27 that shows high toxicity toward the cotton leafworm. the genome contains three insecticidal genes cry1ac9, cry2ab1, and vip3v that have been implicated in conferring toxicity toward lepidoptera. | 2015 | 25977430 |
| the food and environmental safety of bt crops. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) microbial pesticides have a 50-year history of safety in agriculture. cry proteins are among the active insecticidal ingredients in these pesticides, and genes coding for cry proteins have been introduced into agricultural crops using modern biotechnology. the cry gene sequences are often modified to enable effective expression in planta and several cry proteins have been modified to increase biological activity against the target pest(s). additionally, the domains of ... | 2015 | 25972882 |
| fate of the insecticidal cry1ab protein of gm crops in two agricultural soils as revealed by ¹⁴c-tracer studies. | insecticidal delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis are among the most abundant recombinant proteins released by genetically modified (gm) crops into agricultural soils worldwide. however, there is still controversy about their degradation and accumulation in soils. in this study, (14)c-labelled cry1ab protein was applied to soil microcosms at two concentrations (14 and 50 μg g(-1) soil) to quantify the mineralization of cry1ab, its incorporation into the soil microbial biomass, and its pers ... | 2015 | 25967657 |
| insecticidal efficacy and persistence of a co-occluded binary mixture of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv) variants in protected and field-grown tomato crops on the iberian peninsula. | a binary co-occluded mixture (hearsp1b:lb6) of helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv) variants was previously found to be highly pathogenic under laboratory conditions. the insecticidal efficacy and persistence of this mixture were determined in greenhouse and field-grown tomato crops in spain and portugal. | 2016 | 25960129 |
| crystal structure of cry51aa1: a potential novel insecticidal aerolysin-type β-pore-forming toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | the structures of several bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal proteins have been determined by crystallographic methods and a close relationship has been explicated between specific toxicities and conserved three-dimensional architectures. in this study, as a representative of the coleopteran- and hemipteran-specific cry51a group, the complete structure of cry51aa1 protoxin has been determined by x-ray crystallography at 1.65 å resolution. this is the first report of a coleopteran-a ... | 2015 | 25957471 |
| a seed mixture increases dominance of resistance to bt cotton in helicoverpa zea. | widely grown transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can benefit agriculture, but adaptation by pests threatens their continued success. refuges of host plants that do not make bt toxins can promote survival of susceptible insects and delay evolution of resistance, particularly if resistance is inherited as a recessive trait. however, data have been lacking to compare the dominance of resistance when bt and non-bt seeds are planted in random mixtures ver ... | 2015 | 25950459 |
| comparative proteomics of bt-transgenic and non-transgenic cotton leaves. | as the rapid growth of the commercialized acreage in genetically modified (gm) crops, the unintended effects of gm crops' biosafety assessment have been given much attention. to investigate whether transgenic events cause unintended effects, comparative proteomics of cotton leaves between the commercial transgenic bt + cpti cotton sgk321 (bt) clone and its non-transgenic parental counterpart sy321 wild type (wt) was performed. | 2015 | 25949214 |
| lead-resistant strain kqbt-3 inoculants of tricholoma lobayensis heim that enhance remediation of lead-contaminated soil. | to enhance lead-detoxifying efficiency of tricholoma lobayensis heim, one lead-resistant strain kqbt-3 (bacillus thuringiensis) was applied owing to its excellent ability to tolerate pb. kqbt-3 domesticated in liquid medium with increasing lead concentrations could tolerate pb(no3)2 up to a concentration of 800 mg l(-1). pot experiments showed that the kqbt-3 not only could promote the growth of t. lobayensis, but also could enhance its pb accumulation ability under heavy metal stress. biomass a ... | 2015 | 25939805 |
| evaluation of larvicidal activity and effects on post embrionary development of laboratory reared lucilia cuprina (wiedemann, 1830) (diptera: calliphoridae), treated with brevibacillus laterosporus. | the blowfly lucilia cuprina is an economically important livestock pest that is also associated with human myiasis. to date, methods including the application of chemical pesticides, plant extracts, insect growth regulators and a range of bacillus thuringiensis strains have been used, with varying degrees of success, to control this pest. the present study evaluated the larvicidal activity and the induction of sub lethal effects upon post embrionary development following ingestion of 12 strains ... | 2015 | 25937186 |
| expression and characterization of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from bacillus thuringiensis. | lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (lpmos) are recently discovered oxidative enzymes that are capable of oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin or cellulose. despite the importance of lpmos in biomass conversion and the large number of lpmo genes in microorganisms, only a few lpmos have been well studied, and further characterization of these proteins is thus of interest. in this study, a chitin-active aa10 family lpmo from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, btlp ... | 2015 | 25936286 |
| effects of the p20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on insecticidal crystal protein cry4ba. | the accessory protein p20 from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis has been defined as an important molecular chaperone for forming crystal cyt1aa, and enhancing cry11aa and cry4aa expression. to investigate its putative role in cry4ba delta-endotoxin production and toxicity, a p20 gene was cloned and introduced into b. thuringiensis recombinant strain expressing cry4ba type gene (cry4blb). the delta-endotoxin synthesis was enhanced by 262%. the generated inclusions were assayed against third ins ... | 2015 | 25931398 |
| cell differentiation in a bacillus thuringiensis population during planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and host infection. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is armed to complete a full cycle in its insect host. during infection, virulence factors are expressed under the control of the quorum sensor plcr to kill the host. after the host's death, the quorum sensor nprr controls a necrotrophic lifestyle, allowing the vegetative cells to use the insect cadaver as a bioincubator and to survive. only a part of the bt population sporulates in the insect cadaver, and the precise composition of the whole population and its evoluti ... | 2015 | 25922389 |
| a deletion mutant ndv200 of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3br insecticidal toxin gene is a prospective candidate for the next generation of genetically modified crop plants resistant to lepidopteran insect damage. | ectopic expression of a deletion mutant ( ndv200 ) of bacillus thuringiensis vip3br gene in tobacco plant provided almost complete protection against major crop pests cotton boll worm ( helicoverpa armigera ), black cut worm ( agrotis ipsilon ) and cotton leaf worm ( spodoptera littoralis ). whereas vip3br transgenic tobacco plant failed to protect themselves from these insects and showed resistance towards cotton leaf worm only. an analogous form of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa insecticida ... | 2015 | 25912191 |
| use of bacillus thuringiensis supernatant from a fermentation process to improve bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in contaminated soils. | the aim of this research was to investigate the potential of a nutrient-rich organic waste, namely the cell-free supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis (bts) gathered from fermentation, as a biostimulating agent to improve and sustain microbial populations and their enzymatic activities, thereby assisting in the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil at a high dose (70 mg kg(-1)). experiments were performed for up to 80 d. chlorpyrifos degradation and its major metabolic product, 3,5,6- ... | 2015 | 25910975 |
| bacterial cooperation causes systematic errors in pathogen risk assessment due to the failure of the independent action hypothesis. | the independent action hypothesis (iah) states that pathogenic individuals (cells, spores, virus particles etc.) behave independently of each other, so that each has an independent probability of causing systemic infection or death. the iah is not just of basic scientific interest; it forms the basis of our current estimates of infectious disease risk in humans. despite the important role of the iah in managing disease interventions for food and water-borne pathogens, experimental support for th ... | 2015 | 25909384 |
| intraperitoneal immunization with cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis provokes upregulation of fc-gamma-ii/and fc-gamma-iii receptors associated with igg in the intestinal epithelium of mice. | in humans, intestinal epithelial fcrn is expressed throughout life and mediates the bidirectional transport of igg, but in mice, it is markedly expressed in neonatal intestine. in adults, its expression is only faintly upregulated after intestinal igg induction such as that elicited by i.p. immunization with cry1ac protoxin (pcry1ac) bacillus thuringiensis. this led us to suggest that additional fcγ receptors (fcγ-r) may be participating in epithelial igg uptake. so, first we determined whether ... | 2015 | 25904149 |
| chemical composition of rosmarinus and lavandula essential oils and their insecticidal effects on orgyia trigotephras (lepidoptera, lymantriidae). | to evaluate toxic activities of essential oils obtained from rosmarinus officinalis and lavandula stoechas against the fourth larval instars of orgyia trigotephras. | 2015 | 25902022 |
| hematotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluations in swiss mice intraperitoneally exposed to bacillus thuringiensis (var kurstaki) spore crystals genetically modified to express individually cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, or cry2aa. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely used in foliar sprays as part of integrated pest management strategies against insect pests of agricultural crops. since the advent of genetically modified plants expressing bt δ-endotoxins, the bioavailability of cry proteins has increased, and therefore for biosafety reasons their adverse effects should be studied, mainly for nontarget organisms. we evaluated, in swiss mice, the hematotoxicity and genotoxicity of the genetically modified strains of b ... | 2016 | 25899034 |
| food safety assessment of cry8ka5 mutant protein using cry1ac as a control bt protein. | cry8ka5 is a mutant protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that has been proposed for developing transgenic plants due to promising activity against coleopterans, like anthonomus grandis (the major pest of brazilian cotton culture). thus, an early food safety assessment of cry8ka5 protein could provide valuable information to support its use as a harmless biotechnological tool. this study aimed to evaluate the food safety of cry8ka5 protein following the two-tiered approach, based on weights o ... | 2015 | 25890087 |
| two specific membrane-bound aminopeptidase n isoforms from aedes aegypti larvae serve as functional receptors for the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin implicating counterpart specificity. | the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and their receptors on midgut cells of susceptible insect larvae is the critical determinant in toxin specificity. besides gpi-linked alkaline phosphatase in aedes aegypti mosquito-larval midguts, membrane-bound aminopeptidase n (aaeapn) is widely thought to serve as a cry4ba receptor. here, two full-length aaeapn isoforms, aaeapn2778 and aaeapn2783, predicted to be gpi-linked were cloned and successfully expressed in spodoptera frugiperd ... | 2015 | 25871797 |
| inheritance of field-relevant resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis protein cry1ac in pectinophora gossypiella (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) collected from india. | the inheritance and phenotypic expression of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac insecticidal protein were studied in selected populations of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), that were collected from bollgard cotton in india. the individual populations in the pool were cry1ac resistant and sourced from cry1ac-containing bt cotton (bollgard) hybrids in 2010. | 2016 | 25864528 |
| reactance and resistance: main properties to follow the cell differentiation process in bacillus thuringiensis by dielectric spectroscopy in real time. | during growth, bacillus thuringiensis presents three phases: exponential phase (ep), transition state (ts), and sporulation phase (sp). in order to form a dormant spore and to synthesize delta-endotoxins during sp, bacteria must undergo a cellular differentiation process initiated during the ts. dielectric spectroscopy is a technique that can be utilized for continuous and in situ monitoring of the cellular state. in order to study on-line cell behavior in b. thuringiensis cultures, we conducted ... | 2015 | 25862207 |
| a temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | trans-generational immune priming (tgip) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. as stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. general stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. however, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational ... | 2015 | 25859336 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis 4aa1, a typical strain with toxicity to coleopteran insects. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar morrisoni biovar tenebrionis has been developed as an bioinsecticide to control coleopteran insects in agriculture and forestry for a few decades. its major crystal protein cry3aa was also applied to transgenic crops. here we report the complete genome sequence of strain tenebrionis 4aa1, which has one chromosome of 5,652,292bp and six plasmids. two crystal protein genes, cry3aa and cry15aa, locate on one single plasmid named pbmb51. this strain also possesses plen ... | 2015 | 25858156 |
| overproduction of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 toxin and study of its insecticidal activity against the carob moth ectomyelois ceratoniae. | the vip3aa16 gene of bacillus thuringiensis strain bupm95 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. optimization of vip3a16 protein expression was conducted using plackett-burman design and response surface methodology. accordingly, the optimum vip3a16 toxin production was 170μg/ml at 18h post-induction time and 39°c post-induction temperature. this corresponds to an improvement of 21times compared to the starting conditions. the insecticidal activity, evaluated against ectomyelois ceratonia ... | 2015 | 25843935 |
| do sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera; noctuidae) gravid females discriminate between bt or multivitamin corn varieties? role of olfactory and visual cues. | the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides lefèbvre, is a key pest of corn and a main target of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn in northeast spain. trends for future biotechnology crops indicate that bt, non-bt, and stacked corn varieties with metabolic pathways for vitamin-increased traits could coexist in same region. knowledge of the oviposition response of gravid females of s. nonagrioides to these different varieties could be extremely important for managing strategies aimed for de ... | 2015 | 25843586 |
| influences of cry1ac broccoli on larval survival and oviposition of diamondback moth. | larval survival and oviposition behavior of three genotypes of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: plutellidae), (homozygous cry1ac-susceptibile, cry1ac-resistant, and their f1 hybrids), on transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) broccoli expressing different levels of cry1ac protein were evaluated in laboratory. these bt broccoli lines were designated as relative low, medium, and high, respectively, according to the cry1ac content. untransformed brocccoli plants were used as c ... | 2015 | 25843583 |
| mortality patterns of simulium vittatum larvae (diptera: simuliidae) following exposure to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | products containing insecticidal crystalline proteins (icps) produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti icps) are used to suppress vector and nuisance populations of black flies. the efficacy of an application of these products is often determined by a posttreatment evaluation of larval mortality. larvae are typically removed from the substrate at some point in time after application of the product and mortality is determined. the time necessary for the effects of bti icps to cause ... | 2015 | 25843175 |
| sr450 and superhawk xp applications of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against culex quinquefasciatus. | sprayer comparisons and larval morality assays were conducted following sr450 backpack mist blower and superhawk xp thermal fogger applications of vectobac® wdg bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) against culex quinquefasciatus. bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was applied at maximum label rate in a 232.26-m(2) field plot located in north-central florida with containers placed at 2 heights (ground level and 1.52 m above ground) on stakes positioned 3.04, 6.09, 9.14, 12.19, and 15.24 m fro ... | 2014 | 25843094 |
| bioconversion of crude glycerol to polyhydroxyalkanoate by bacillus thuringiensis under non-limiting nitrogen conditions. | glycerol has emerged as a cheap waste material due to blooming biodiesel manufacturing units worldwide. the need is to exploit the crude glycerol (cg) to produce useful products such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha). bacillus thuringiensis egu45 was found to produce 1.5-3.5 gp ha l(-1) from feed containing 1-10% cg (vv(-1)) and nutrient broth (nb, 125 ml) without any acclimatization. b. thuringiensis egu45 could produce pha at the rate of 1.54-1.83 g l(-1), from 1% cg (vv(-1)) on media having high ... | 2015 | 25840150 |
| fulminant phlegmonitis of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum due to bacillus thuringiensis. | we report a case of phlegmonitis of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in patient in an immunocompromised state. culture of gastric juice and blood yielded bacillus thuringiensis. this case showed that even low-virulence bacilli can cause lethal gastrointestinal phlegmonous gastritis in conditions of immunodeficiency. | 2015 | 25834344 |
| the impact of secondary pests on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops. | the intensification of agriculture and the development of synthetic insecticides enabled worldwide grain production to more than double in the last third of the 20th century. however, the heavy dependence and, in some cases, overuse of insecticides has been responsible for negative environmental and ecological impacts across the globe, such as a reduction in biodiversity, insect resistance to insecticides, negative effects on nontarget species (e.g. natural enemies) and the development of second ... | 2015 | 25832330 |
| the fate and transport of the cry1ab protein in an agricultural field and laboratory aquatic microcosms. | genetically engineered crops expressing insecticidal crystalline proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were commercialized almost two decades ago as a means to manage agricultural pests. the bt proteins are highly specific and only lethal upon ingestion, limiting the scope of toxicity to target insects. however, concern of exposure to non-target organisms and negative public perceptions regarding bt crops has caused controversy surrounding their use. the objective of this research w ... | 2015 | 25828252 |
| spatial soil heterogeneity has a greater effect on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and plant growth than genetic modification with bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes. | maize, genetically modified with the insect toxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis (bt), is widely cultivated, yet its impacts on soil organisms are poorly understood. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) form symbiotic associations with plant roots and may be uniquely sensitive to genetic changes within a plant host. in this field study, the effects of nine different lines of bt maize and their corresponding non-bt parental isolines were evaluated on amf colonization and community diversity in pla ... | 2015 | 25827202 |
| reconstitution of a prokaryotic minus end-tracking system using tubrc centromeric complexes and tubulin-like protein tubz filaments. | segregation of dna is a fundamental process during cell division. the mechanism of prokaryotic dna segregation is largely unknown, but several low-copy-number plasmids encode cytomotive filament systems of the actin type and tubulin type important for plasmid inheritance. of these cytomotive filaments, only actin-like systems are mechanistically well characterized. in contrast, the mechanism by which filaments of tubulin-like tubz protein mediate dna motility is unknown. to understand polymer-dr ... | 2015 | 25825718 |
| are nematodes a missing link in the confounded ecology of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis? | bacillus thuringiensis, which is well known as an entomopathogen, has been accepted by the public as a safe bioinsecticide. the natural ecology of this bacterium has never been particularly clear, with views ranging from it being an obligate pathogen to an opportunist pathogen that can otherwise exist as a soil saprophyte or a plant endophyte. this confusion has recently led to it being considered as an environmental pathogen that has evolved to occupy a diverse set of environmental niches in wh ... | 2015 | 25818004 |
| molecular detection and sensitivity to antibiotics and bacteriocins of pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in family dairy herds of central mexico. | thirty-two farms (n = 535 cows) located in the state of guanajuato, mexico, were sampled. pathogens from bovine subclinical mastitis (scm) and clinical mastitis (clm) were identified by 16s rdna and the sensitivity to both antibiotics and bacteriocins of bacillus thuringiensis was tested. forty-six milk samples were selected for their positive california mastitis test (cmt) (≥3) and any abnormality in the udder or milk. the frequency of scm and clm was 39.1% and 9.3%, respectively. averages for ... | 2015 | 25815326 |
| autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus thuringiensis from a degraded mediterranean area can be used to improve physiological traits and performance of a plant of agronomic interest under drought conditions. | studies have shown that some microorganisms autochthonous from stressful environments are beneficial when used with autochthonous plants, but these microorganisms rarely have been tested with allochthonous plants of agronomic interest. this study investigates the effectiveness of drought-adapted autochthonous microorganisms [bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi] from a degraded mediterranean area to improve plant growth and physiology in zea mays unde ... | 2015 | 25813343 |
| [expression of cry1ac gene directed by pexsypromoter of the exsy gene encoding component protein of exosporium basal layer in bacillus thuringiensis]. | to discover new elements for cry gene expression, pexsy, which is the promoter of the exosporium basal layer structural gene exsy, was used to express cry1ac gene in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2014 | 25803890 |
| [transcriptional regulation of bkd gene cluster in bacillus thuringiensis]. | in order to determine the effect of bkdr deletion on cry protein production. we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of bkd gene cluster and the phenotype of bkdr mutant. | 2014 | 25803889 |
| identification of a new cry1i-type gene as a candidate for gene pyramiding in corn to control ostrinia species larvae. | pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). considering the dependency of susceptibility to cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. in this study, we present a novel cry1ie toxin gene (cry1ie2) as a ... | 2015 | 25795679 |
| fitness costs of cry1f resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), collected from puerto rico and florida. | the development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), is a major target pest of bt maize in north and south america. this insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. the objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the cry1f resistance in t ... | 2015 | 25791021 |
| bacterial melanin promotes recovery after sciatic nerve injury in rats. | bacterial melanin, obtained from the mutant strain of bacillus thuringiensis, has been shown to promote recovery after central nervous system injury. it is hypothesized, in this study, that bacterial melanin can promote structural and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. rats subjected to sciatic nerve transection were intramuscularly administered bacterial melanin. the sciatic nerve transected rats that did not receive intramuscular administration of bacterial melanin served as co ... | 2015 | 25788932 |
| potential of plant growth promoting traits by bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated soils. | rhizobacteria can enhance biomass production and heavy metal tolerance of plants under the stress environment. the aim of this study was to collect soil samples from different industrial sites followed by their heavy metal analysis. after performing the icp-aes analysis of soil samples from seven different sites, bacterial strains were isolated from the soil samples of most polluted (heavy metal) site. phylogenetic analysis of isolates based on 16s rdna sequences showed that the isolates belonge ... | 2015 | 25782590 |
| comparative analysis of genomics and proteomics in bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718. | bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used biopesticide that produced various insecticidal active substances during its life cycle. separation and purification of numerous insecticide active substances have been difficult because of the relatively short half-life of such substances. on the other hand, substances can be synthetized at different times during development, so samples at different stages have to be studied, further complicating the analysis. a dual genomic and proteomic approach would e ... | 2015 | 25781161 |
| isolation and distribution of mosquito-larvicidal cry genes in bacillus thuringiensis strains native to saudi arabia. | a total of 157 environmental samples were collected from 11 ecological regions across saudi arabia to isolate native bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains. bt isolates (n=103) were recovered by the 50% (v/v) ethanol treatment method with bt index range of 0.01 to 0.4. most of bt isolates showed spherical crystals (54%), while, irregular, bi-pyramidal, and spore-attached crystal constituted 27, 16 and 3% respectively. pcr analysis with eight general and specific dipteran primers of cry and cyt gene ... | 2014 | 25776587 |
| pxo16 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis: almost 350 kb of terra incognita. | bacillus thuringiensis strains usually harbor large sets of plasmids, some of which carrying the entomopathogenic δ-endotoxins. b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, active on dipteran larvae, carries the very large conjugative plasmid pxo16 (350 kb). pxo16 displays a macroscopic aggregation phenotype when liquid cultures of conjugative partners are mixed. its conjugative apparatus is able of transferring itself and other non-conjugative and non-mobilizable plasmids in a fast and very efficient ... | 2015 | 25770691 |
| chitosan/dsirna nanoparticle targeting identifies agcad1 cadherin in anopheles gambiae larvae as an in vivo receptor of cry11ba toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan. | the cry11ba protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan crystals has uniquely high toxicity against a spectrum of mosquito species. the high potency of cry11ba against anopheles gambiae is caused by recognition of multiple midgut proteins including glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored alkaline phosphatase agalp1, aminopeptidase agapn2, α-amylase agamy1 and α-glucosidase agm3 that bind cry11ba with high affinity and function as putative receptors. the cadherin agcad2 in an. gambiae larv ... | 2015 | 25758367 |
| cadherin is involved in the action of bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2aa in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins are effective against some insect pests in sprays and transgenic crops, although the evolution of resistance could threaten the long-term efficacy of such bt use. one strategy to delay resistance to bt crops is to "pyramid" two or more bt proteins that bind to distinct receptor proteins within the insect midgut. the most common bt pyramid in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) employs cry1ac with cry2ab to target several key lepidopteran ... | 2015 | 25754522 |
| pathway and kinetics of cyhalothrin biodegradation by bacillus thuringiensis strain zs-19. | cyhalothrin is a common environmental pollutant which poses increased risks to non-target organisms including human beings. this study reported for the first time a newly isolated strain, bacillus thuringiensis zs-19 completely degraded cyhalothrin in minimal medium within 72 h. the bacterium transformed cyhalothrin by cleavage of both the ester linkage and diaryl bond to yield six intermediate products. moreover, a novel degradation pathway of cyhalothrin in strain zs-19 was proposed on the bas ... | 2015 | 25740758 |
| new cyt-like δ-endotoxins from dickeya dadantii: structure and aphicidal activity. | in the track of new biopesticides, four genes namely cyta, cytb, cytc and cytd encoding proteins homologous to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cyt toxins have been identified in the plant pathogenic bacteria dickeya dadantii genome. here we show that three cyt-like δ-endotoxins from d. dadantii (cyta, cytb and cytc) are toxic to the pathogen of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum in terms of both mortality and growth rate. the phylogenetic analysis of the comprehensive set of cyt toxins available in g ... | 2015 | 25740111 |
| binding analysis of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 proteins in the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | sugarcane borer (diatraea saccharalis, f.) is an important corn pest in south america and united states. the aim of the present study was to analyze the susceptibility and binding interactions of three cry1a proteins and cry1fa in a brazilian d. saccharalis population. the results showed that cry1ab was the most active, followed by cry1ac, cry1fa and cry1aa. all cry1-biotinylated proteins tested bound specifically to the d. saccharalis brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv). heterologous competit ... | 2015 | 25736726 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and spinosad on adult emergence of the non-biting midges polypedilum nubifer (skuse) and tanytarsus curticornis kieffer (diptera: chironomidae) in coastal wetlands. | to optimize their efficacy, some insecticides used for mosquito control are introduced into aquatic ecosystems where mosquito larvae develop (marshes, ponds, sanitation devices) and cannot escape from the treated water. however, this raises the question of possible effects of mosquito larvicides on non-target aquatic species. bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), which is well-known for its selectivity for nematocera dipterans, is widely used for mosquito control all over the world. spi ... | 2015 | 25728359 |
| 4-hydroxyisoleucine production of recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum ssp. lactofermentum under optimal corn steep liquor limitation. | 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-hil) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid that exhibits insulinotropic biological activity. here, l-isoleucine dioxygenase gene (ido) derived from bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 was cloned and expressed in an l-isoleucine-producing strain, corynebacterium glutamicum ssp. lactofermentum sn01, in order to directly convert its endogenous l-isoleucine (ile) into 4-hil through single-step fermentation. the effects of corn steep liquor limitation as well as ido and truncated idoδ6 ... | 2015 | 25725632 |
| high resistance of transgenic cabbage plants with a synthetic cry1ia8 gene from bacillus thuringiensis against two lepidopteran species under field conditions. | plutella xylostella (linnaeus) has become the most destructive pest in cabbage throughout the world. cry1ia8 cabbage has been developed to reduce pest attacks. to gain a better understanding of the efficacy of cry1ia8 cabbage, a homozygous cry1ia8 cabbage line a14-5 was produced, and its resistance to p. xylostella, pieris rapae (linnaeus) and other lepidopteran pests was evaluated in the field in 2011, 2012 and 2013. | 2016 | 25721816 |
| enhancement of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity by combining cry1ac and bi-functional toxin hwtx-xi from spider. | in order to assess the potency of bi-functional hwtx-xi toxin from spider ornithoctonus huwena in improving the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis, a fusion gene of cry1ac and hwtx-xi was constructed and expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain cry(-)b. western blot analysis and microscopic observation revealed that the recombinant strain could express 140-kda cry1ac-hwtx-xi fusion protein and produce parasporal inclusions during sporulation. bioassay using the larva ... | 2016 | 25721170 |
| overlapping and unique signatures in the proteomic and transcriptomic responses of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans toward pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis. | pathogen infection can activate multiple signaling cascades that ultimately alter the abundance of molecules in cells. this change can be measured both at the transcript and protein level. studies analyzing the immune response at both levels are, however, rare. here, we compare transcriptome and proteome data generated after infection of the nematode and model organism caenorhabditis elegans with the gram-positive pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. our analysis revealed a high overlap between abun ... | 2015 | 25720978 |
| the distribution pattern of dna and protoxin in bacillus thuringiensis as revealed by laser confocal microscopy analysis. | it was reported that the parasporal crystal from bacillus thuringiensis contained dna fragments. to investigate the distribution of protoxin and dna in b. thuringiensis cells at different growth stages, a cry1ac-gfp fusion gene was constructed and expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain, in which the localization of dna and protoxin were indicated by dna-specific dye and green fluorescent protein, respectively. when the recombinant cells were at the vegetative growth stage, the ... | 2015 | 25715783 |
| maintenance of residual activity of bt toxin by using natural and synthetic dyes: a novel approach for sustainable mosquito vector control. | mosquito control protein from bacillus thuringiensis gets inactivated with exposure to sunlight. to address this issue, the potential of synthetic and natural dye was investigated as sunlight protectants. bt sv2 in absence of dyes when exposed to sunlight showed reduced effectiveness against the fourth instars of mosquito larvae. whereas acriflavin, congo red and violacein were able to maintain 86.4%, 91.6% and 82.2% mosquito larvicidal efficacy of bt sv2 against ivth instars larvae of anopheles ... | 2015 | 25699646 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin domain ii loop 1 as the binding site of tenebrio molitor cadherin repeat cr12. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins exert their toxic effect by specific recognition of larval midgut proteins leading to oligomerization of the toxin, membrane insertion and pore formation. the exposed domain ii loop regions of cry toxins have been shown to be involved in receptor binding. insect cadherins have shown to be functionally involved in toxin binding facilitating toxin oligomerization. here, we isolated a vhh (vhha5) antibody by phage display that binds cry3aa loop 1 and competed with ... | 2015 | 25698611 |
| functional assembly of 260-kda oligomers required for mosquito-larvicidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | oligomerization has been shown to contribute to the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. mutations have been made in the cry4ba toxin and resulted in toxic to non-toxic mutants toward aedes aegypti larvae. in this study, cry4ba wild type and mutants were analyzed for oligomer formation in vitro, biochemical properties and their relationships with larvicidal activity. in vitro, the cry4ba forms two-main types of the oligomers including (1) the 260-kda and larger oligomers, which assembl ... | 2015 | 25687547 |
| dark fermentative bioconversion of glycerol to hydrogen by bacillus thuringiensis. | biodiesel manufacturing units discharge effluents rich in glycerol. the need is to convert crude glycerol (cg) into useful products such as hydrogen (h2). under batch culture, bacillusthuringiensis egu45 adapted on pure glycerol (pg, 2% v/v) resulted in an h2 yield of 0.646 mol/mol glycerol consumed on minimal media (250 ml) supplemented with 1% ammonium nitrate at 37°c over 4 days. here, h2 constituted 67% of the total biogas. under continuous culture, at 2 days of hydraulic retention time, b. ... | 2015 | 25686722 |
| tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules and exhibiting disparate toxicity. | in tribolium castaneum larvae we have demonstrated by rna interference knockdown that the bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxin receptors cadherin-like and sodium solute symporter proteins are also functional receptors of the less active cry3aa toxin. differences in susceptibility to b. thuringiensis infection might not only rely on toxin-receptor interaction but also on host defense mechanisms. we compared the expression of the immune related genes encoding apolipophorin-iii and two antimicrobial ... | 2015 | 25684675 |
| lack of fitness costs and inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in a near-isogenic strain of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) formulations in insects may be associated with fitness costs. a lack of costs enables resistance alleles to persist, which may contribute to the rapid development and spread of resistance in populations. | 2016 | 25684167 |
| establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from midgut tissue of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the midgut of lepidopteran larvae serves as a target for many pathogens such as bacillus thuringiensis (bt). cell lines originating from midgut tissues will be very helpful tools in many research fields. however, to date, no bt-susceptible midgut-derived cell lines are available. here, we reported that a novel cell line, designated as hnu-ha-mg1, was established from midgut tissue of the fourth instar larvae of helicoverpa armigera. this cell line grew well in grace's insect cell culture medium ... | 2015 | 25678461 |
| evaluation of biostimulation and tween 80 addition for the bioremediation of long-term ddt-contaminated soil. | the bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. the concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddt) and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddd) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (dde) were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. the isolation and id ... | 2015 | 25662244 |
| endogenous expression of a bt toxin receptor in the cry1ac-susceptible insect cell line and its synergistic effect with cadherin on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac. | although many insect cell lines derived from various tissues are available, it is unclear whether endogenous receptors of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal toxins are expressed in these cell lines. in the present study, we demonstrated that the ovaries-derived spodoptera litura sl-hp cell line was susceptible to activated cry1ac although larvae of s. litura are not susceptible to the toxin. assays of the transcriptome revealed that thirteen atp-binding cassette transporter genes (abc) were exp ... | 2015 | 25662100 |
| the expression and crystallization of cry65aa require two c-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. | the insecticidal crystal protein (cry) genes of bacillus thuringiensis are a key gene resource for generating transgenic crops with pest resistance. however, many cry genes cannot be expressed or form crystals in mother cells. here, we report a novel cry protein gene, cry65aa1, which exists in an operon that contains a downstream gene encoding a hypothetical protein orf2. we demonstrated that orf2 is required for cry65aa1 expression and crystallization by function as a c-terminal crystallization ... | 2015 | 25656389 |
| rotary-based platform with disposable fluidic modules for automated isolation of nucleic acids. | we describe the development and evaluation of a rotary-based platform with multiple disposable fluidic modules for simultaneous automatic nucleic acid (na) isolation from up to 24 biological samples. the procedure is performed inside insulated individual disposable modules, which minimizes both the risk of infection of personnel and laboratory cross-contamination. each module is a segment of a circular cylinder containing a leak-proof inlet port for sample input, reservoirs with lyophilized chem ... | 2015 | 25653066 |
| effects of refuges on the evolution of resistance to transgenic corn by the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte is a major pest of corn and causes over a billion dollars of economic loss annually through yield reductions and management costs. corn producing toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been developed to help manage d. v. virgifera. however, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of this species to evolve resistance to bt toxins in both laboratory and field settings. | 2016 | 25652190 |
| evaluation of alternative plutella xylostella control by two isaria fumosorosea conidial formulations - oil-based formulation and wettable powder - combined with bacillus thuringiensis. | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for controlling the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae). the control efficacy of two isaria fumosorosea conidial formulations - wettable powder and oil-based formulation - combined with bacillus thuringiensis against p. xylostella was tested. | 2015 | 25641869 |
| down-regulation of a novel abc transporter gene (pxwhite) is associated with cry1ac resistance in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | biopesticides or transgenic crops based on cry toxins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) effectively control agricultural insect pests. the sustainable use of bt biopesticides and bt crops is threatened, however, by the development of cry resistance in the target pests. the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), is the first pest that developed resistance to a bt biopesticide in the field, and a recent study has shown that the resistance of p. xylostella to cry1ac is caused ... | 2015 | 25636859 |
| optimizing pyramided transgenic bt crops for sustainable pest management. | transgenic crop pyramids producing two or more bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins that kill the same insect pest have been widely used to delay evolution of pest resistance. to assess the potential of pyramids to achieve this goal, we analyze data from 38 studies that report effects of ten bt toxins used in transgenic crops against 15 insect pests. we find that compared with optimal low levels of insect survival, survival on currently used pyramids is often higher for both susceptible insects an ... | 2015 | 25599179 |
| the midgut cadherin-like gene is not associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in plutella xylostella (l.). | the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces cry toxins that have been used to control important agricultural pests. evolution of resistance in target pests threatens the effectiveness of these toxins when used either in sprayed biopesticides or in bt transgenic crops. although alterations of the midgut cadherin-like receptor can lead to bt cry toxin resistance in many insects, whether the cadherin gene is involved in cry1ac resistance of plutella xylostella (l.) remains uncl ... | 2015 | 25595643 |
| consumption of bt rice pollen containing cry1c or cry2a does not pose a risk to propylea japonica (thunberg) (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | as a pollen feeder, propylea japonica would be directly exposed to cry proteins in bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-transgenic rice fields. the effect of cry1c- or cry2a-containing transgenic rice pollen on the fitness of p. japonica was assessed using two dietary-exposure experiments in the laboratory. in the first experiment, larval developmental time of p. japonica was significantly longer when fed pollen from bt rice lines rather than control pollen but other life table parameters were not signif ... | 2015 | 25567127 |
| genetic markers for western corn rootworm resistance to bt toxin. | western corn rootworm (wcr) is a major maize (zea mays l.) pest leading to annual economic losses of more than 1 billion dollars in the united states. transgenic maize expressing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used for the management of wcr. however, cultivation of bt-expressing maize places intense selection pressure on pest populations to evolve resistance. instances of resistance to bt toxins have been reported in wcr. developing genetic ... | 2015 | 25566794 |
| inheritance, fitness costs, incomplete resistance and feeding preferences in a laboratory-selected mon810-resistant strain of the true armyworm mythimna unipuncta. | the low efficacy of mon810 maize against mythimna unipuncta represents a scenario of non-compliance with the 'high-dose' strategy, raising concerns about potential resistance development and outbreaks of this secondary pest. the present study offers insight into the different components related to resistance in a laboratory-selected mon810-resistant (mr) strain of m. unipuncta. | 2015 | 25565147 |
| cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis and mon810 cry1ab-transgenic maize exerts no adjuvant effect after airway exposure. | the genetically modified (gm) maize event mon810 has been inserted with a processed version of the transgene, cry1ab, derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to express proteins with insecticidal properties. such proteins may introduce new allergens and also act as adjuvants that promote allergic responses. while focus has been on safe consumption and hence the oral exposure to gm food and feed, little is known regarding inhalation of pollen and desiccated airborne plant mate ... | 2015 | 25564738 |
| the diverse nematicidal properties and biocontrol efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis cry6a against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla. | cry6a toxin from bacillus thuringiensis is a representative nematicidal crystal protein with a variety of nematicidal properties to free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. cry6a shares very low homology and different structure with cry5b, another representative nematicidal crystal protein, and probably acts in a distinct pathway. all these strongly indicate that cry6a toxin is likely a potent candidate for nematicide. the present study dealt with global investigation to determine the detrim ... | 2015 | 25556591 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain hd-29, a typical strain of commercial biopesticide. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae is highly toxic to lepidoptera insect pests, and has been widely used as bt biopesticide in many countries. here we reported the complete genome of strain hd-29, a standard serotype strain in galleriae serovariety. more than previous work reported, it harbors ten plasmids, and three large ones carry eight insecticidal protein genes (cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ca, cry1da, cry1ia, cry2ab, cry9ea and vip3aa) and an intact zwittermicin a biosynthetic gene cluster. | 2015 | 25556027 |
| aquatic degradation of cry1ab protein and decomposition dynamics of transgenic corn leaves under controlled conditions. | the increasing cultivation of genetically modified corn plants (zea mays) during the last decades is suggested as a potential risk to the environment. one of these genetically modified variety expressed the insecticidal cry1ab protein originating from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), resulting in resistance against ostrinia nubilalis, the european corn borer. transgenic litter material is extensively studied regarding the decomposition in soils. however, only a few field studies analyzed the fate of ... | 2015 | 25553417 |
| asiatic cotton can generate similar economic benefits to bt cotton under rainfed conditions. | american cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), transformed with bacillus thuringiensis cry genes (bt g. hirsutum) that confer resistance to lepidopteran pests, is extensively cultivated worldwide. in india, transgenic bt g. hirsutum was commercially released in 2002 and by 2014 95% of farmers had adopted bt g. hirsutum(1). the economic benefits of bt g. hirsutum over non-bt g. hirsutum are well documented and include increase in yields, increase in farmers' net revenue and reduction in pesticide appli ... | 2015 | 27250007 |
| efficacy of an alphabaculovirus-based biological insecticide for control of chrysodeixis chalcites (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tomato and banana crops. | chrysodeixis chalcites (esper) is a major pest of tomato in mediterranean countries and attacks banana in the canary islands (spain). the efficacy of chrysodeixis chalcites single nucleopolyhedrovirus (chchsnpv-tf1) was evaluated in plant growth chambers and greenhouse trials performed on tomato and banana plants respectively. treatments were applied using a compressed air sprayer. | 2015 | 25534715 |
| identification of micrornas by small rna deep sequencing for synthetic microrna mimics to control spodoptera exigua. | beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a major pest of cotton around the world. with the increase of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in transgenic cotton plants, there is a need to develop an alternative control approach that can be used in combination with bt transgenic crops as part of resistance management strategies. micrornas (mirnas), a non-coding small rna family (18-25 nt), play crucial roles in various biological processes and over-expression of mirnas has been shown to in ... | 2015 | 25528266 |
| analysis of resistance to cry1ac in field-collected pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (lepidoptera:gelechiidae), populations. | high survivorship of pink bollworrm, pectinophora gossypiella in bolls of bollgard® cotton hybrids and resistance to cry1ac protein, expressed in bollgard cotton were reported in field-populations collected from the state of gujarat (western india) in 2010. we have found cry1ac-resistance in pink bollworm populations sourced from bollgard and non-bt cotton fields in the adjoining states of maharashtra and madhya pradesh in central india. further, we observed reduced binding of labeled cry1ac pro ... | 2014 | 25523173 |
| quantifying transient interactions between bacillus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-c and phosphatidylcholine-rich vesicles. | bacillus thuringiensis secretes the virulence factor phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (btpi-plc), which specifically binds to phosphatidylcholine (pc) and cleaves gpi-anchored proteins off eukaryotic plasma membranes. to elucidate how btpi-plc searches for gpi-anchored proteins on the membrane surface, we measured residence times of single fluorescently labeled proteins on pc-rich small unilamellar vesicles (suvs). btpi-plc interactions with the suv surface are transient with a life ... | 2015 | 25517221 |
| [influence of different sticky-gene composition on sporulation and protein synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis collection strains]. | the influence of different sticky-gene composition on sporulation and protein synthesis by b. thuringiensis collection strains has been investigated. it has been detemined that the most effective according this characteristics were b. thuringiensis collection strains 0293 and 98. it has been shown that the best on protein synthesis processes and sporulation by investigated b. thuringiensis strains influences adding to the culture medium sticky-gene compositions a and e in a concentration of from ... | 2014 | 25507811 |