| emergence and abundance of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in bt cornfields with structured and seed blend refuges. | to slow evolution of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) resistance to bt (bacillus thuringiensis berliner) corn hybrids, non-bt "refuges" must be planted within or adjacent to bt cornfields, allowing susceptible insects to develop without exposure to bt toxins. bt-susceptible adults from refuges are expected to find and mate with resistant adults that have emerged from bt corn, reducing the likelihood that bt-resistant offspring are produced. the spatial and temporal ... | 2015 | 26470111 |
| the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis spp. galleriae against rice water weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) for integrated pest management in california rice. | rice water weevil (lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kushel) is the most damaging insect pest of rice in the united states. larval feeding on the roots stunt growth and reduce yield. current pest management against the weevil in california relies heavily on pyrethroids that can be damaging to aquatic food webs. examination of an environmentally friendly alternative biopesticide based on bacillus thuringiensis spp. galleriae chemistry against rice water weevil larvae showed moderate levels of activity in ... | 2015 | 26470102 |
| geographical and temporal variability in susceptibility to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations in brazil. | the genetically modified maize tc1507 event with the cry1f gene (cry1f maize) has been used to control spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in brazil since the 2009-2010 cropping season. as part of the insect resistance management program, we conducted studies to determine the baseline susceptibility to cry1f before the widespread planting of cry1f maize. subsequently, we evaluated the geographical and temporal variability of susceptibility to this toxin in populations of ... | 2014 | 26470084 |
| generation of insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant rice by introduction of a t-dna containing two bt insecticidal genes and an epsps gene. | insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. in this study, two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal genes, cry1ac and cry1ig, and a modified glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) gene (g10) were combined into a single transferred dna (t-dna) fragment and introduced into rice by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a transgenic line with single-copy t-dna insertion named ... | 2015 | 26465130 |
| flexibility analysis of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa. | to investigate the flexibility and mobility of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa. | 2015 | 26464250 |
| purification and partial characterization of intact and truncated chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis hzp7 expressed in escherichia coli. | to ascertain the effect of chitin-binding domain (chbd) and fibronectin type iii domain (fn3) on the characterization of the intact chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis. | 2016 | 26463368 |
| development of a microbial-based integrated pest management program for helicoverpa spp. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and beneficial insects on conventional cotton crops in australia. | entomopathogenic fungi, when used as a microbial control agent against cotton pests, such as helicoverpa spp., may have the potential to establish and spread in the environment and to have an impact on both pests and beneficial insects. information on the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on pests and beneficial insects is crucial for a product to be registered as a biopesticide. the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus bc 639 (aspergillus sp.) against helicoverpa spp. and beneficial insects (mo ... | 2015 | 26463189 |
| cross-resistance to toxins used in pyramided bt crops and resistance to bt sprays in helicoverpa zea. | to delay evolution of resistance by insect pests, farmers are rapidly increasing their use of transgenic crops producing two or more bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins that kill the same pest. a key condition favoring durability of these "pyramided" crops is the absence of cross-resistance between toxins. here we evaluated cross-resistance in the major lepidopteran pest helicoverpa zea (boddie) to bt toxins used in pyramids. in the laboratory, we selected a strain of this pest with bt toxin cry1 ... | 2015 | 26458274 |
| dual mode of action of bt proteins: protoxin efficacy against resistant insects. | transgenic crops that produce bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins for pest control are grown extensively, but insect adaptation can reduce their effectiveness. established mode of action models assert that bt proteins cry1ab and cry1ac are produced as inactive protoxins that require conversion to a smaller activated form to exert toxicity. however, contrary to this widely accepted paradigm, we report evidence from seven resistant strains of three major crop pests showing that cry1ab and cry1ac ... | 2015 | 26455902 |
| inheritance and fitness costs of resistance to cry3bb1 corn by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely planted to manage pest insects. one of the primary pests targeted by bt corn in the united states is western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). cry3bb1 corn for management of western corn rootworm was commercialized in 2003, and beginning in 2009, populations of western corn rootworm with field-evolved resistance to cry3bb1 corn were ... | 2015 | 26453731 |
| synergistic effect of combining plutella xylostella granulovirus and bacillus thuringiensis at sublethal dosages on controlling of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | plutella xylostella granulovirus (pxgv) and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are both entomo-pathogens to the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). the purpose of the present study was to measure the effect of the combination of pxgv and bt at sublethal dosages on the development and mortality of diamondback moth in a laboratory setting. bt and pxgv exhibited synergistic effect on diamondback moth larval mortality and effectively controlled diamondback moth populations with low dose combination ... | 2015 | 26453707 |
| functional analysis of the sporulation-specific diadenylate cyclase cdas in bacillus thuringiensis. | cyclic di-amp (c-di-amp) is a recently discovered bacterial secondary messenger molecule, which is associated with various physiological functions. in the genus bacillus, the intracellular level and turnover of c-di-amp are mainly regulated by three diadenylate cyclases (dacs), including disa, cdaa and cdas, and two c-di-amp-specific phosphodiesterases (gdpp and pgph). in this study, we demonstrated that cdas protein from b. thuringiensis is a hexameric dac protein that can convert atp or adp to ... | 2015 | 26441857 |
| proteomic analysis of the influence of cu(2+) on the crystal protein production of bacillus thuringiensis x022. | bacillus thuringiensis x022, a novel strain isolated from soil in china, produces diamond-shaped parasporal crystals. specific mineral nutrients, such as mg, cu, and mn, influence insecticidal crystal proteins (icp) expression and the effects of these elements vary significantly. however, the molecular mechanisms of the effects caused by mineral elements have yet to be reported. | 2015 | 26438125 |
| bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis producing endochitinase chia74δsp inclusions and its improved activity against aedes aegypti. | the objective of this study was to produce stable inclusions of chitinase chia74δsp in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and to assay its insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. | 2015 | 26434743 |
| is there sufficient evidence to consider bacillus thuringiensis a multihost pathogen? response to loguercio and argôlo-filho. | | 2015 | 26433691 |
| transportable data from non-target arthropod field studies for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified maize expressing an insecticidal double-stranded rna. | as part of an environmental risk assessment, the potential impact of genetically modified (gm) maize mon 87411 on non-target arthropods (ntas) was evaluated in the field. mon 87411 confers resistance to corn rootworm (crw; diabrotica spp.) by expressing an insecticidal double-stranded rna (dsrna) transcript and the cry3bb1 protein and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate by producing the cp4 epsps protein. field trials were conducted at 14 sites providing high geographic and environmental diver ... | 2016 | 26433587 |
| bacillus thuringiensis impacts on primary and secondary baculovirus transmission dynamics in lepidoptera. | synergistic interactions between entomopathogenic micro-organisms can potentially be exploited to improve biological control of invertebrate pests but empirical data at the population level describing multiple-pathogen transmission dynamics is lacking. we examined how co-inoculation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk) and the baculovirus panolis flammea nucleopolyhedrovirus (paflnpv) in an experimental field population of lepidopteran mamestra brassicae larvae impacted on viral trans ... | 2015 | 26432682 |
| a study of the effect of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h14 (subspecies israelensis) delta endotoxin on musca larva. | house flies (musca domestica) are of major public health concern in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. biological control through the use of parasitoids and pathogens is one of the alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides for control of insects of public health importance. | 2015 | 26422848 |
| an ultra-violet tolerant wild-type strain of melanin-producing bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful biological control agent used in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control. however, the insecticidal activity of the b. thuringiensis formulation is not very stable and rapidly loses its biological activity under field conditions, due to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. melanin is known to absorb radiation therefore photo protection of b. thuringiensis based on melanin has been extensively studied. | 2015 | 26421136 |
| fly ash based bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation for use against culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of filariasis in natural ecosystems. | fly ash is produced in huge quantities by the various thermal power stations in india. this thermal waste has been employed as a carrier material in the preparation of a biopesticidal water dispersible powder (wdp) formulation for use against mosquitoes. in the present investigation, this newly developed fly ash based wdp formulation was evaluated in natural breeding habitats of mosquito. | 2015 | 26418648 |
| effects of a diet containing genetically modified rice expressing the cry1ab/1ac protein (bacillus thuringiensis toxin) on broiler chickens. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice expressing the cry1ab/1ac protein on broiler chicken. the genetically modified (gm) bt rice was compared with the corresponding non-gm rice regarding performance of feeding groups, their health status, relative organ weights, biochemical serum parameters and occurrence of cry1ab/1ac gene fragments. one hundred and eighty day-old arbor acres female broilers with the same health condition were randomly all ... | 2015 | 26414482 |
| an anti-mosquito mixture for domestic use, combining a fertiliser and a chemical or biological larvicide. | plant saucers are an important larval habitat for aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in peridomestic situations. because npk fertilisers in plant containers tend to enhance the oviposition of these species, we investigated the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron larvicides in combination with fertiliser on the adult emergence and fecundity of the mosquitoes coming from plant saucers in controlled greenhouse experiments. npk + larvicide (npk- ... | 2016 | 26414239 |
| genomic and transcriptomic insights into the efficient entomopathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis has been globally used as a microbial pesticide for over 70 years. however, information regarding its various adaptions and virulence factors and their roles in the entomopathogenic process remains limited. in this work, we present the complete genomes of two industrially patented bacillus thuringiensis strains (hd-1 and ybt-1520). a comparative genomic analysis showed a larger and more complicated genome constitution that included novel insecticidal toxicity-related genes ... | 2015 | 26411888 |
| three-dimensional (3d) structure prediction and function analysis of the chitin-binding domain 3 protein hd73_3189 from bacillus thuringiensis hd73. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is capable of producing a chitin-binding protein believed to be functionally important to bacteria during the stationary phase of its growth cycle. in this paper, the chitin-binding domain 3 protein hd73_3189 from b. thuringiensis has been analyzed by computer technology. primary and secondary structural analyses demonstrated that hd73_3189 is negatively charged and contains several α-helices, aperiodical coils and β-strands. domain and motif analyses revealed that hd ... | 2015 | 26405978 |
| enhanced nematicidal potential of the chitinase pachi from pseudomonas aeruginosa in association with cry21aa. | nematodes are known to be harmful to various crops, vegetables, plants and insects. the present study reports that, chitin upregulates the activity of chitinase (20%) and nematicidal potential (15%) of pseudomonas aeruginosa. the chitinase gene (pachi) from p. aeruginosa was cloned, and its nematicidal activity of pachi protein against caenorhabditis elegans was studied. the mortality rate induced by pachi increased by 6.3-fold when in association with cry21aa from bacillus thuringiensis. pachi ... | 2015 | 26400097 |
| effect of promoters and plasmid copy number on cyt1a synthesis and crystal assembly in bacillus thuringiensis. | cyt1aa is a major mosquitocidal protein synthesized during sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, composing more than 50% of its parasporal body. this high level of synthesis is due to several factors including three strong sporulation-dependent promoters, a strong transcription termination sequence, and an associated 20-kda helper protein. cyt1aa's toxicity is low compared to the cry proteins of this species, namely, cry4aa, cry4ba, and cry11aa, but it nevertheless plays an i ... | 2016 | 26395591 |
| infection of tribolium castaneum with bacillus thuringiensis: quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination. | reproduction within a host and transmission to the next host are crucial for the virulence and fitness of pathogens. nevertheless, basic knowledge about such parameters is often missing from the literature, even for well-studied bacteria, such as bacillus thuringiensis, an endospore-forming insect pathogen, which infects its hosts via the oral route. to characterize bacterial replication success, we made use of an experimental oral infection system for the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum an ... | 2015 | 26386058 |
| elimination of gut microbes with antibiotics confers resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin proteins in helicoverpa armigera (hubner). | helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important pests worldwide. transgenic crops with toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been deployed on a large scale to control this pest. the insecticidal activity of bt is probably influenced by the insect midgut microbes, which vary across crop hosts and locations. therefore, we examined the role of gut microbes in pathogenicity of bt toxins in the h. armigera. antibiotic cocktail was used for the complete elimination of the h. armigera gut ... | 2015 | 26384494 |
| detection of β-exotoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis using an easy bioassay with the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis is owing to the action of cry and cyt proteins. in addition to the synthesis of insecticidal proteins, some strains are able to synthesize β-exotoxin, which is highly toxic to humans. in this regard, it is very important to have a simple method to detect β-exotoxin to avoid the commercial production of this type of strains. in this work, we developed a simple and fast method, using the nematode caenorhabditis elegans to detect indirectly the sy ... | 2015 | 26381648 |
| ten years of life in compost: temporal and spatial variation of north german caenorhabditis elegans populations. | the nematode caenorhabditis elegans is a central laboratory model system in almost all biological disciplines, yet its natural life history and population biology are largely unexplored. such information is essential for in-depth understanding of the nematode's biology because its natural ecology provides the context, in which its traits and the underlying molecular mechanisms evolved. we characterized natural phenotypic and genetic variation among north german c. elegans isolates. we used the u ... | 2015 | 26380661 |
| evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as a control agent for adult anopheles gambiae. | unlike the application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) for the control of larval mosquitoes, studies of its effects on adults, for its possible use in attractive toxic sugar baits, have resulted in conflicting results. five species have shown a decrease in adult survival due to bti ingestion, whereas adults of anopheles arabiensis have not. we sought to determine if ingestion of bti by adults of anopheles gambiae, a sibling species of an. arabiensis, increases their mortality. labora ... | 2015 | 26375907 |
| the development and status of bt rice in china. | multiple lines of transgenic rice expressing insecticidal genes from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been developed in china, posing the prospect of increases in production with decreased application of pesticides. we explore the issues facing adoption of bt rice for commercial production in china. a body of safety assessment work on bt rice has shown that bt rice poses a negligible risk to the environment and that bt rice products are as safe as non-bt control rice products as fo ... | 2016 | 26369652 |
| development of photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive male sterility rice expressing transgene bacillus thuringiensis. | stem borers and leaffolders are the main pests that cause severe damage in rice (oryza sativa l.) production worldwide. we developed the first photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive male sterility (ptsms) rice 208s with the cry1ab/1ac bacillus thuringiensis (bt) gene, through sexual crossing with huahui 1 (elite line with the cry1ab/1ac gene). the novel 208s and its hybrids presented high and stable resistance to stem borers and leaffolders, and the content of cry1ab/1ac protein in chlorophyllous tis ... | 2015 | 26366116 |
| histopathological and combinatorial effects of the metalloprotease inha1 and cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis against spodoptera littoralis. | the zinc metalloprotease (inha) of bacillus thuringiensis specifically hydrolyzes cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial peptides in the immune hemolymph of insects, leading to a high resistance of the bacteria to the humoral defense system of its host. in the present study, the inha gene of b. thuringiensis strain bupm28 was cloned and the nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that it was identical to that of b. thuringiensis 8010. the expressed inha1 protein in escherichia coli showed toxic ... | 2015 | 26358555 |
| survival of corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on bt maize and cross-pollinated refuge ears from seed blends. | refuge is mandated in the united states where genetically modified maize (zea mays l.) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) are cultivated. currently, refuge is deployed in different ways including blocks, field strips, or seed blends containing bt and non-bt maize. seed blends provide practical advantages for refuge implementation. however, concerns related to the movement of insect larvae, potential differential survival of heterozygous resistant l ... | 2016 | 26357846 |
| effect of the concentration of cytolytic protein cyt2aa2 on the binding mechanism on lipid bilayers studied by qcm-d and afm. | bacillus thuringiensis is known by its insecticidal property. the insecticidal proteins are produced at different growth stages, including the cytolytic protein (cyt2aa2), which is a bioinsecticide and an antimicrobial protein. however, the binding mechanism (and the interaction) of cyt2aa2 on lipid bilayers is still unclear. in this work, we have used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (qcm-d) and atomic force microscopy (afm) to investigate the interaction between cyt2aa2 protein and ... | 2015 | 26354323 |
| chemical constituents and antibacterial properties of indocalamus latifolius mcclure leaves, the packaging material for "zongzi". | the glutinous rice dumpling named "zongzi" in chinese is a type of traditional food that is popular in east asian countries. "zongzi" is made of glutinous rice and wrapped in the leaves of indocalamus latifolius mcclure as the packaging material. four new compounds, latifoliusine a (2), (7s,8r) syringylglycerol-8-o-4'-sinapyl ether 4-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), (7s,8s) syringylglycerol-8-o-4'-sinapyl ether 7-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), and (7r,8s) syringylglycerol-8-o-4'-sinapyl ether 7-o-β-d-gluc ... | 2015 | 26343625 |
| the presence of bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations affects plant growth. | the adventitious presence of transgenic plants in wild plant populations is of ecological and regulatory concern, but the consequences of adventitious presence are not well understood. here, we introduced bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac (bt)-transgenic oilseed rape (bt osr, brassica napus) with various frequencies into wild mustard (brassica juncea) populations. we sought to better understand the adventitious presence of this transgenic insecticidal crop in a wild-relative plant population. we ass ... | 2015 | 26338267 |
| evaluating liquid and granular bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis broadcast applications for controlling vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses in artificial containers and tree holes. | the principal vectors of chikungunya and dengue viruses typically oviposit in water-filled artificial and natural containers, including tree holes. despite the risk these and similar tree hole-inhabiting mosquitoes present to global public health, surprisingly few studies have been conducted to determine an efficient method of applying larvicides specifically to tree holes. the stihl sr 450, a backpack sprayer commonly utilized during military and civilian vector control operations, may be suita ... | 2015 | 26335473 |
| novel genetic factors involved in resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in plutella xylostella. | the widespread and sustainable exploitation of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in pest control is threatened by the evolution of resistance. although resistance is often associated with loss of binding of the bt toxins to the insect midgut cells, other factors have been implicated. here we used suppressive subtractive hybridization and gene expression suppression to identify additional molecular components involved in bt-resistance in plutella xylostella. we isolated transcripts f ... | 2015 | 26335439 |
| a single type of cadherin is involved in bacillus thuringiensis toxicity in plutella xylostella. | cadherins have been described as one the main functional receptors for the toxins of the entomopathogenic bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt). with the availability of the whole genome of plutella xylostella, different types of cadherins have been annotated. in this study we focused on determining those members of the cadherin-related proteins that potentially play a role in the mode of action of bt toxins. for this, we mined the genome of p. xylostella to identify these putative cadherins. t ... | 2015 | 26331576 |
| distribution of toxin genes and enterotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis isolated from microbial insecticide products. | bacillus thuringiensis microbial insecticide products have been applied worldwide. although a few cases of b. thuringiensis foodborne illness have been reported, little is known about the toxigenic properties of b. thuringiensis isolates. the aims of this study were to estimate the pathogenic potential of b. thuringiensis selected from microbial insecticide products, based on its possession of toxin genes and production of enterotoxins. fifty-two b. thuringiensis strains selected from four kinds ... | 2015 | 26323274 |
| impact of q139r substitution of meb4-cry2aa toxin on its stability, accessibility and toxicity against ephestia kuehniella. | the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain meb4 was previously found to be highly toxic to ephestia kuehniella. sds-page analysis of the recombinant strain dh5α (pbs-cry2aa-meb4) showed that cry2aa-meb4 delta-endotoxins were forming inclusion bodies, and were 2.75 fold more toxic towards e. kuehniella than those of cry2aa-bns3. besides to the 65kda active toxin, proteolysis activation of cry2aa-bns3 protein with e. kuehniella midgut juice generated an extra proteolysis form of 49kda, whic ... | 2015 | 26321422 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis hs18-1. | bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming bacterium that is a type of insect pathogen used in the field of microbial insect control. b. thuringiensis hs18-1 has effective toxicity for lepidoptera and diptera insects. it contains different types of parasporal crystal genes, including cry4cb1, cry50aa1, cry69ab1, cry30ga, cry30ea, cry70aa, cry71aa, cry72aa, cry56aa and cry54ba. here, we report the complete genome sequence of b. thuringiensis hs18-1, which contains one circular gapless chromosome a ... | 2015 | 26315568 |
| capturing the interaction types of two bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab on suppressing the cotton bollworm by using multi-exponential equations. | transgenic crops are increasingly promoted for their practical effects on suppressing certain insect pests, but all transgenic crops are not equally successful. the insect pests can easily develop resistance against single bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin transgenic crops. therefore, transgenic crops including two or more mixed bt-toxins can solve this problem by delaying the resistance development and killing the majority of targeted pests before the evolution of resistance. it is important to ... | 2016 | 26314801 |
| inhibition of helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) growth by transgenic corn expressing bt toxins and development of resistance to cry1ab. | transgenic corn, zea mays l., that expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ab is only moderately toxic to helicoverpa zea (boddie) and has been planted commercially since 1996. growth and development of h. zea was monitored to determine potential changes in susceptibility to this toxin over time. small plots of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1f × cry1ab, cry1ab × cry3bb1, cry1a.105 × cry2ab2 × cry3bb1, cry1a.105 × cry2ab2, and vip3aa20 × cry1ab × mcry3a were planted in both 2012 a ... | 2015 | 26314074 |
| toxicity and cross-resistance of insecticides to cry2ab-resistant and cry2ab-susceptible helicoverpa armigera and helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | since 2004-2005 cotton expressing cry1ac and cry2ab insecticidal proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis has been commercially available in australia to manage the target pests helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren). in both target species, the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to cry2ab is unexpectedly high in field populations. a significant challenge for managing these pests would occur if resistance to cry2ab toxins inadvertently selected fo ... | 2014 | 26309283 |
| susceptibility profile of aedes aegypti from santiago island, cabo verde, to insecticides. | in 2009, cabo verde diagnosed the first dengue cases, with 21,137 cases reported and aedes aegypti was identified as the vector. since the outbreak, chemical insecticides and source reduction were used to control the mosquito population. this study aimed to assess the susceptibility of a. aegypti populations from santiago, cabo verde to insecticides and identify the mechanisms of resistance. samples of a. aegypti eggs were obtained at two different time periods (2012 and 2014), using ovitraps in ... | 2015 | 26307496 |
| [characterization and cloning of the cry2a gene from indigenous isolates of bacillus thuringiensis]. | discovery of novel cry genes of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) with higher toxicity is important for the development of transgenic bt crops resistant to target pests. two new indigenous isolates of bt were characterized for their colony type, crystal inclusion and toxicity with helicoverpa armigera hubner and spodoptera litura linn. screening of cry2a genes from the two new isolates of bt, t30 and t48, by pcr with cry2a family primers showed the presence of cry2a genes only in the isolate t30. furt ... | 2017 | 26299858 |
| effects of water management practices on residue decomposition and degradation of cry1ac protein from crop-wild bt rice hybrids and parental lines during winter fallow season. | rice is the staple diet of over half of the world's population and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice expressing insecticidal cry proteins is ready for deployment. an assessment of the potential impact of bt rice on the soil ecosystem under varied field management practices is urgently required. we used litter bags to assess the residue (leaves, stems and roots) decomposition dynamics of two transgenic rice lines (kefeng6 and kefeng8) containing stacked genes from bt and sck (a modified cpti gene ... | 2015 | 26295752 |
| erratum to: acaricidal effect and histological damage induced by bacillus thuringiensis protein extracts on the mite psoroptes cuniculi. | | 2015 | 26286262 |
| interactions between bt-bioinsecticides and podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (hemiptera: pentatomidae), a predator of plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | bioinsecticides are being increasingly used to protect vegetable crops against herbivores, but data on the side effects of such strategy on the third trophic level are still required. we investigated the influence of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 strain and of the commercial bioinsecticide agree® on the biological aspects of the predator podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) when feeding on plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae)-infected larvae. on ... | 2015 | 26277793 |
| degradation and detection of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis dna and proteins in flour of three genetically modified rice events submitted to a set of thermal processes. | this study aimed to investigate the degradation of three transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes (cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry1ab/ac) and the corresponding encoded bt proteins in kmd1, kf6, and tt51-1 rice powder, respectively, following autoclaving, cooking, baking, or microwaving. exogenous bt genes were more stable than the endogenous sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) gene, and short dna fragments were detected more frequently than long dna fragments in both the bt and sps genes. autoclaving, ... | 2015 | 26277627 |
| investigation of lead(ii) uptake by bacillus thuringiensis 016. | in this work, we investigated the lead(ii) biosorption mechanism of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) 016 through batch and microscopic experiments. we found that the maximum lead(ii) biosorption capacity of bt 016 was 164.77 mg/g (dry weight). the ph value could affect the biosorption of lead(ii) in a large extent. fourier transform infrared analyses and selective passivation experiments suggested that the carboxyl, amide and phosphate functional groups of bt 016 played an important role in lead(ii) ... | 2015 | 26271773 |
| selectivity of organic products to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). | the selectivity of various entomopathogens and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos = positive control) to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory, using the protocol established by the working group on "pesticides and beneficial organisms" of the iobc. the evaluated parameters were parasitism (%), adult emergence (%), and product repellency to the parasitoid when sprayed on host eggs prior to parasitism (free-choice and no-choice tests). most of th ... | 2015 | 26267248 |
| parasporin-2 from a new bacillus thuringiensis 4r2 strain induces caspases activation and apoptosis in human cancer cells. | in previous studies, parasporin-2aa1, originally isolated from bacillus thuringiensis strain a1547, was shown to be cytotoxic against specific human cancer cells but the mechanisms of action were not studied. in the present study, we found that proteinase k activated parasporin-2aa1 protein isolated from a novel b. thuringiensis strain, 4r2, was specifically cytotoxic to endometrial, colon, liver, cervix, breast and prostate cancer. it showed no toxicity against normal cells. upon treatment with ... | 2015 | 26263002 |
| chronic responses of daphnia magna under dietary exposure to leaves of a transgenic (event mon810) bt-maize hybrid and its conventional near-isoline. | insect resistance is the second most common trait globally in cultivated genetically modified (gm) plants. resistance is usually obtained by introducing into the plant's genome genes from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) coding for insecticidal proteins (cry proteins or toxins) that target insect pests. the aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that a chronic, high-dose dietary exposure to leaves of a bt-maize hybrid (gm event mon810, expressing a transgenic or recombinant cry ... | 2015 | 26262442 |
| immunosenescence and the ability to survive bacterial infection in the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | in most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). however, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after infection. previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. it is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gen ... | 2016 | 26257080 |
| investigation of potential endocrine disrupting effects of mosquito larvicidal bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) formulations. | bti is successfully used as a biological control agent for mosquito control. it has proven to be ecological friendly, and thus, is used in ecologically sensitive habitats. recent investigations of groundwater in germany have detected estrogenic activity in five consecutive groundwater wells in a region where bti is applied. therefore, it was suspected that this compound can act as an environmental xenoestrogen. in the present study, five bti formulations as well as the active ingredient, vectoba ... | 2015 | 26254073 |
| the genetic architecture of a complex trait: resistance to multiple toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in the dengue and yellow fever vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is an increasingly popular alternative to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito populations. because bti toxicity relies on the action of four main toxins, resistance to bti is very likely a complex phenotype involving several genes simultaneously. dissecting the underlying genetic basis thus requires associating a quantitative measure of resistance to genetic variation at many loci in a segregating population. he ... | 2015 | 26238211 |
| cry4ba and cyt1aa proteins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: interactions and toxicity mechanism against aedes aegypti. | individual crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis exhibit variable levels of insecticidal activities against mosquito larvae. in all cases, they are much less active compared to the whole crystal proteins due to described complex synergistic interactions among them. in the present study we investigated the effects of cyt1a98 (a cyt1aa type protein) on cry4blb (a cry4ba type toxin) insecticidal activity toward the dengue vector aedes aegypti. the bioassay analyses demonstrated t ... | 2015 | 26238170 |
| insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future. | the development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative biological control agents have included a number of successes and some setbacks in the past 1years. in this forum paper we present current information on development, use and future directions of insect-specific viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes as components of integrated pest management strategies for control of arthropod pests of crops, forests, urban habitats, and insects of medical and veterinary imp ... | 2015 | 26225455 |
| purification of the insecticidal cry2ad protein from a bt-isolated brc-hzp10 strain and toxin assay to the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | the present study aims to characterize the cry2ad toxin protein isolated from a bacillus thuringiensis strain, brc-hzp10, which have a potential insecticidal activity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). the crude bt toxin proteins were isolated and purified by cation exchange chromatography, then equilibrated with 0.2 m naoh buffer, ph 4.0, followed by ultraviolet detection at 280 nm and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a refined cry2ad tox ... | 2015 | 26214446 |
| identification, inheritance, and fitness costs of cry2ab2 resistance in a field-derived population of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is one of the major target pests of transgenic maize, zea mays, expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins in south america and mid-southern region of the u.s. the mon89034 maize expresses cry2ab2 and cry1a.105 bt proteins and it was developed to provide better control of key lepidopteran pests of maize including d. saccharalis. the objectives of this study were to select and characterize the resistance of d. saccharalis to cry2ab2 using a non ... | 2015 | 26205174 |
| trends in pesticide use on soybean, corn and cotton since the introduction of major genetically modified crops in the united states. | genetically modified (gm) varieties of soybean, corn and cotton have largely replaced conventional varieties in the united states. the most widely used applications of gm technology have been the development of crops that are resistant to a specific broad-spectrum herbicide (primarily glyphosate) or that produce insecticidal compounds within the plant itself. with the widespread adoption of gm crops, a decline in the use of conventional pesticides was expected. | 2016 | 26194175 |
| rap-pcr fingerprinting reveals time-dependent expression of development-related genes following differentiation process of bacillus thuringiensis. | gene expression profiles are important data to reveal the functions of genes putatively involved in crucial biological processes. rna arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (rap-pcr) and specifically primed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) were combined to screen differentially expressed genes following development of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain 8010 (serotype 3a3b). six differentially expressed transcripts (rap1 to rap6) were obtained ... | 2015 | 26191639 |
| operational evaluation of vectomax® wsp (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis+bacillus sphaericus) against larval culex pipiens in septic tanks (1). | the residual effectiveness of vectomax® wsp (a water-soluble pouch formulation containing a combination of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain am65-52 and b. sphaericus strain abts 1743) when applied to septic tanks against 3rd- and 4th-stage larvae of culex pipiens l. was evaluated in this study. this formulation was evaluated at operational application rates of 1 pouch (10 g) and 2 pouches (20 g) per septic tank. both application rates resulted in >96% control of larvae for 24 day ... | 2015 | 26181699 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of gloverin from the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. and its interaction with bacterial membrane. | gloverin restricted to lepidoptera is known to be a glycine-rich and heat stable antimicrobial protein. the current research reports a 650 bp full-length cdna encoding gloverin from plutella xylostella (pxglo) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cdna ends. pxglo transcript was detected in both developmental stages and several tissues of 4th instar naïve larvae of p. xylostella with higher levels in the fat bodies. the mrna levels of pxglo increased appre ... | 2015 | 26178746 |
| dominance of cry1f resistance in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tc1507 bt maize in brazil. | dominance of resistance has been one of the major parameters affecting the rate of evolution of resistance to bt crops. high dose is the capacity of bt crops to kill heterozygous insects and has been an essential component of the most successful strategy to manage resistance to these crops. experiments were conducted to evaluate directly and indirectly whether the tc1507 event is high dose to spodoptera frugiperda (je smith). | 2016 | 26172071 |
| a transformed bacterium expressing double-stranded rna specific to integrin β1 enhances bt toxin efficacy against a polyphagous insect pest, spodoptera exigua. | oral toxicity of double-stranded rna (dsrna) specific to integrin β1 subunit (seint) was known in a polyphagous insect pest, spodoptera exigua. for an application of the dsrna to control the insect pest, this study prepared a transformed escherichia coli expressing dsrna specific to seint. | 2015 | 26171783 |
| anthropogenic action shapes the evolutionary ecology of bacillus thuringiensis: response to ruan et al. | | 2015 | 26163434 |
| sub-lethal effects of vip3a toxin on survival, development and fecundity of heliothis virescens and plutella xylostella. | the assessment of sub-lethal effects is important to interpret the overall insecticide efficacy in controlling insect pest populations. in addition to the lethal effect, sub-lethal effects may also occur in exposed insects. vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) have shown a broad spectrum of insecticidal activity against many insect pest species. in this study the sub-lethal effects of the bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal toxin vip3a on the development and reproduction of helioth ... | 2015 | 26162322 |
| the specificity of immune priming in silkworm, bombyx mori, is mediated by the phagocytic ability of granular cells. | in the past decade, the phenomenon of immune priming was documented in many invertebrates in a large number of studies; however, in most of these studies, behavioral evidence was used to identify the immune priming. the underlying mechanism and the degree of specificity of the priming response remain unclear. we studied the mechanism of immune priming in the larvae of the silkworm, bombyx mori, and analyzed the specificity of the priming response using two closely related gram-negative pathogeni ... | 2015 | 26159492 |
| the use of polystyrene beads to prepare arrayed samples of bacillus thuringiensis for microscopic examination. | a common activity in the global search for useful cry toxins is the microscopic screening of bacterial colonies for the presence of bacillus thuringiensis. high-throughput screens require that aliquots from large numbers of colonies be arrayed on a microscopic slide. however, precisely placing a small amount of bacteria on a slide, and at a density that is useful for microscopic examination, is both difficult to achieve and time consuming. herein we share a simple technique that utilizes a hooke ... | 2015 | 26155980 |
| induction of rapid and selective cell necrosis in drosophila using bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin and its silkworm receptor. | genetic ablation of target cells is a powerful tool to study the origins and functions of cells, tissue regeneration, or pathophysiology in a human disease model in vivo. several methods for selective cell ablation by inducing apoptosis have been established, using exogenous toxins or endogenous proapoptotic genes. however, their application is limited to cells with intact apoptotic machinery. | 2015 | 26152191 |
| transgenic cry1c(⁎) gene rough rice line t1c-19 does not change the host preferences of the non-target stored product pest, rhyzopertha dominica (fabricius) (coleoptera: bostrichidae), and its parasitoid wasp, anisopteromalus calandrae (howard) (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | rough rice grains are often stored for extended periods before they are used or consumed. however, during storage, the rough rice is vulnerable to insect infestation, resulting in significant economic loss. previous studies have shown that volatiles cues, physical characteristics, and taste chemicals on the grains could be the important key behavior factors for storage insect pests to locate the hosts and select oviposition sites. it is also well known that the transgenic bt rough rice line t1c- ... | 2015 | 26150137 |
| a two-domain protein triggers heat shock pathway and necrosis pathway both in model plant and nematode. | the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis is equipped with multiple virulent factors. the genome sequence of b. thuringiensis ybt1520 revealed the presence of a two-domain protein named nel which is composed of a necrosis-inducing phytophthora protein 1-like domain found in phytopathogens and a ricin b-like lectin domain. the merging of two distantly related domains is relatively rare. nel induced necrosis and pathogen-triggered immunity (pti) on model plants. the nel also exhibited inhibition a ... | 2015 | 26147248 |
| activity of vegetative insecticidal proteins vip3aa58 and vip3aa59 of bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran pests. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) secreted by some isolates of bacillus thuringiensis show activity against insects and are regarded as insecticides against pests. a number of b. thuringiensis strains harbouring vip3a genes were isolated from different sources and identified by using a pcr based approach. the isolates with the highest insecticidal activity were indicated in screening tests, and their vip genes were cloned and sequenced. the analysis revealed two polymorphic vip protein for ... | 2015 | 26146224 |
| enhancement of rhodobacter sphaeroides growth and carotenoid production through biostimulation. | bacillus thuringiensis/cereus l2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the r. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. the optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μl (about 6.4×10(5) cfu). through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, r. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentr ... | 2015 | 26141874 |
| susceptibility of northern corn rootworm diabrotica barberi (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to mcry3a and ecry3.1ab bacillus thuringiensis proteins. | the susceptibility of the northern corn rootworm diabrotica barberi (smith & lawrence) to mcry3a and ecry3.1ab proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was determined using a diet bioassay. northern corn rootworm neonates were exposed to different concentrations of mcry3a and ecry3.1ab, incorporated into artificial diet. larval mortality was evaluated after 7 d. the mcry3a and ecry3.1ab proteins were found to be toxic to the northern corn rootworm larvae. the lc50 and lc99 values for mc ... | 2016 | 26140383 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi strain pasteur institute standard. | the genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi strain pasteur institute standard was determined. the genome consists of a 5.9-mb chromosome and eight plasmids, one of which is linear. the second largest plasmid (293 kb) carries the genes encoding insecticidal proteins. | 2015 | 26139717 |
| assembling of holotrichia parallela (dark black chafer) midgut tissue transcriptome and identification of midgut proteins that bind to cry8ea toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | holotrichia parallela is one of the most severe crop pests in china, affecting peanut, soybean, and sweet potato crops. previous work showed that cry8ea toxin is highly effective against this insect. in order to identify cry8ea-binding proteins in the midgut cells of h. parallela larvae, we assembled a midgut tissue transcriptome by high-throughput sequencing and used this assembled transcriptome to identify cry8ea-binding proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). fi ... | 2015 | 26135984 |
| novel toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains against the melon fruit fly, bactrocera cucurbitae (diptera: tephritidae). | bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fruit fly) is one of the most detrimental vegetable-damaging pests in bangladesh. the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been reported against a few genera of bactrocera in addition to numerous other insect species. bt strains, harbouring cry1a-type genes were, therefore, assayed in vivo against the 3(rd) instar larvae of b. cucurbitae in this study. the biotype-based prevalence of cry1 and cry1a genes was calculated to be 30.8% and 11.16%, respectively, of ... | 2015 | 26133509 |
| making pathogens sociable: the [corrected] emergence of high relatedness through limited host invasibility. | cooperation depends upon high relatedness, the high genetic similarity of interacting partners relative to the wider population. for pathogenic bacteria, which show diverse cooperative traits, the population processes that determine relatedness are poorly understood. here, we explore whether within-host dynamics can produce high relatedness in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. we study the effects of host/pathogen interactions on relatedness via a model of host invasion and fit paramet ... | 2015 | 26125685 |
| toxicity of chlortetracycline and its metal complexes to model microorganisms in wastewater sludge. | complexation of antibiotics with metals is a well-known phenomenon. wastewater treatment plants contain metals and antibiotics, thus it is essential to know the effect of these complexes on toxicity towards microorganisms, typically present in secondary treatment processes. in this study, stability constants and toxicity of chlortetracycline (ctc) and metal (ca, mg, cu and cr) complexes were investigated. the calculated stability constants of ctc-metal complexes followed the order: mg-ctc>ca-ctc ... | 2015 | 26119381 |
| combined remediation of cd-phenanthrene co-contaminated soil by pleurotus cornucopiae and bacillus thuringiensis fq1 and the antioxidant responses in pleurotus cornucopiae. | remediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and pahs by mushroom and bacteria is a novel technique. in this study, the combined remediation effect of mushroom (pleurotus cornucopiae) and bacteria (fq1, bacillus thuringiensis) on cd and phenanthrene co-contaminated soil was investigated. the effect of bacteria (b. thuringiensis) on mushroom growth, cd accumulation, phenanthrene degradation by p. cornucopiae and antioxidative responses of p. cornucopiae were studied. p. cornucopiae could ... | 2015 | 26117363 |
| molecular characterisation of bacillus thuringiensis strain meb4 highly toxic to the mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | cry2 proteins play an essential role in current bacillus thuringiensis (bt) applications and in the prevention of insect resistance to cry1a toxins. this paper reports on the screening and characterisation of novel bt strains harbouring effective cry2a-type genes and higher insecticidal activity to ephestia kuehniella. | 2016 | 26103535 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis yc-10, a novel active strain against plant-parasitic nematodes. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests by the production of toxic parasporal crystals proteins.here,we report the finished annotated genome sequence of b. thuringiensis yc-10,which is highly toxic to nematodes.the complete genome sequence consists of a circular chromosome and nine circular plasmids,which the biggest plasmid harbors six parasporal crystals proteins genes consisting of cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ia, cry2aa, cry2ab and cryb1. the c ... | 2015 | 26100235 |
| linkage of an abcc transporter to a single qtl that controls ostrinia nubilalis larval resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis cry1fa toxin. | field evolved resistance of insect populations to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystalline (cry) toxins expressed by crop plants has resulted in reduced control of insect feeding damage to field crops, and threatens the sustainability of bt transgenic technologies. a single quantitative trait locus (qtl) that determines resistance in ostrinia nubilalis larvae capable of surviving on reproductive stage transgenic corn that express the bt cry1fa toxin was previously mapped to linkage group 12 (lg12 ... | 2015 | 26093031 |
| fluorinated aromatic amino acids distinguish cation-π interactions from membrane insertion. | cation-π interactions, where protein aromatic residues supply π systems while a positive-charged portion of phospholipid head groups are the cations, have been suggested as important binding modes for peripheral membrane proteins. however, aromatic amino acids can also insert into membranes and hydrophobically interact with lipid tails. heretofore there has been no facile way to differentiate these two types of interactions. we show that specific incorporation of fluorinated amino acids into pro ... | 2015 | 26092728 |
| the effect of aeration conditions, characterized by the volumetric mass transfer coefficient k(l)a, on the fermentation kinetics of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. | the aeration is a key factor for bacillus thuringiensis growth, sporulation and δ-endotoxins production. the objective of our work was to study the effect of aeration on the fermentation kinetics of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk), cultivated in a cereal milling byproduct (cmb) mono-component medium, in order to improve the δ-endotoxins productivity. aeration conditions were systematically characterized by the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kla. in the 6% cmb culture medium, differen ... | 2015 | 26091772 |
| toxicological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses demonstrating that cry1c and cry2a are not toxic to larvae of the honeybee, apis mellifera. | the honey bee, apis mellifera, is commonly used as a test species for the regulatory risk assessment of insect-resistant genetically engineered (irge) plants. in the current study, a dietary exposure assay was developed, validated, and used to assess the potential toxicity of cry1c and cry2a proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to a. mellifera larvae; cry1c and cry2a are produced by different irge crops. the assay, which uses the soybean trypsin inhibitor (sbti) as a positive control and bo ... | 2015 | 26084400 |
| risk assessment of genetically engineered maize resistant to diabrotica spp.: influence on above-ground arthropods in the czech republic. | transgenic maize mon88017, expressing the cry3bb1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize), confers resistance to corn rootworms (diabrotica spp.) and provides tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. however, prior to commercialization, substantial assessment of potential effects on non-target organisms within agroecosystems is required. the mon88017 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions in southern bohemia in 2009-2011, to detect possible impacts on the above-ground arthropod ... | 2015 | 26083254 |
| [screening and identification of indoleacetic acid producing endophytic bacterium in panax ginseng]. | endophytic bacteria which was producing indoleacetic acid was screened from panax ginseng by using the salkowski method. the active strain was also tested for its ability of nitrogen fixation by using the ashby agar plates, the pkv plates and quantitative analysis of mo-sb-ascrobiology acid colorimetry was used to measure its ability of phosphate solubilization, for its ability of potassium solubilization the silicate medium and flame spectrophotometry was used, for its ability of producing side ... | 2015 | 26080547 |
| evidence of two mechanisms involved in bacillus thuringiensis israelensis decreased toxicity against mosquito larvae: genome dynamic and toxins stability. | biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis israelensis are the most used and most successful around the world. this bacterium is characterized by a dynamic genome able to win or lose genetic materials which leads to a decrease in its effectiveness. the detection of such phenomena is of great importance to monitor the stability of b. thuringiensis strains in industrial production processes of biopesticides. new local b. thuringiensis israelensis isolates were investigated. they present variabl ... | 2015 | 26070692 |
| cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis active against diamondback moth and fall armyworm. | biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis and genetically modified plants with genes from this bacterium have been used to control plutella xylostella (l.) and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith). however, the selection pressure imposed by these technologies may undermine the efficiency of this important alternative to synthetic insecticides. toxins with different modes of action allow a satisfactory control of these insects. the purpose of this study was to characterize the protein and gene ... | 2015 | 26070631 |
| generation of a transcriptome in a model lepidopteran pest, heliothis virescens, using multiple sequencing strategies for profiling midgut gene expression. | heliothine pests such as the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), pose a significant threat to production of a variety of crops and ornamental plants and are models for developmental and physiological studies. the efforts to develop new control measures for h. virescens, as well as its use as a relevant biological model, are hampered by a lack of molecular resources. the present work demonstrates the utility of next-generation sequencing technologies for rapid molecular resource generation ... | 2015 | 26047101 |
| control methods against invasive aedes mosquitoes in europe: a review. | five species of invasive aedes mosquitoes have recently become established in europe: ae. albopictus, ae. aegypti, ae. japonicus japonicus, ae. koreicus and ae. atropalpus. these mosquitoes are a serious nuisance for people and are also competent vectors for several exotic pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. as they are a growing public health concern, methods to control these mosquitoes need to be implemented to reduce their biting and their potential for disease transmission. the ... | 2015 | 26037532 |
| relevance of bt toxin interaction studies for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops. | in recent years, different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 'stacked' in genetically modified (gm) crops. synergism between bt proteins may occur and thereby increase the impact of the stacked gm event on nontarget invertebrates compared to plants expressing a single bt gene. on the basis of bioassay data available for bt toxins alone or in combination, we argue that the current knowledge of bt protein interactions is of limited relevance in environmental ri ... | 2015 | 26032006 |
| cry protein crystals: a novel platform for protein delivery. | protein delivery platforms are important tools in the development of novel protein therapeutics and biotechnologies. we have developed a new class of protein delivery agent based on sub-micrometer-sized cry3aa protein crystals that naturally form within the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. we demonstrate that fusion of the cry3aa gene to that of various reporter proteins allows for the facile production of cry3aa fusion protein crystals for use in subsequent applications. these cry3aa fusion pr ... | 2015 | 26030844 |