| agglutination of treponema pallidum in human syphilis. | the results observed with this strain of treponema pallidum may be stated as follows: 1. normal human serum did not agglutinate this culture of treponema pallidum in dilutions of 1:5 or higher; equal parts of treponema culture and normal serum (dilution 1:2) resulted in agglutination in about 50 per cent of the sera. with the strain of treponema pallidum used in this study specific agglutination was not considered as having occurred unless observed in dilutions of 1:5 or higher. 2. the agglutina ... | 1916 | 19868045 |
| studies on treponema pallidum and syphilis : v. further studies on the relation of culture pallida to virulent pallida and on reinfection phenomena. | 1. immune sera produced in rabbits by treatment with our culture strain a of treponema pallidum agglutinated not only the homologous strain, but also the noguchi strains, and indicate a close group relationship of other non-pathogenic treponemata. absorption experiments confirmed this, indicating a close relationship between the pallidum and the calligyrum. 2. culture treponemata are not agglutinated to a much greater extent by the sera of syphilitic rabbits than they are by those of normal rabb ... | 1916 | 19868060 |
| spirochaeta morsus muris, n.sp., the cause of rat-bite fever : second paper. | 1. since our first report on the discovery of the cause of rat-bite fever, we have been able to prove the existence of the same spirochete in five out of six more cases which have come under our observation. 2. the clinical symptoms of rat-bite fever are inflammation of the bitten parts, paroxysms of fever of the relapsing type, swelling of the lymph glands, and eruption of the skin, all occurring after an incubation period usually of from 10 to 22 days, or longer. 3. our spirochete is present i ... | 1917 | 19868077 |
| the drug-fastness of spirochetes to arsenic, mercurial, and iodide compounds in vitro. | in the foregoing experiments we attempted to determine whether or not, by subjecting several varieties of spirochetes to increasing doses of certain chemotherapeutic agents, a gradual increase of resistance to the latter could be shown. for this purpose, pure cultures of treponema pallidum, treponema microdentium, and spirochoeta refringens were used against the action of salvarsan, neosalvarsan, bichloride of mercury, and iodine-iodide potassium solution in vitro. for culture media, the usual a ... | 1917 | 19868093 |
| the influence of carbohydrates on the cultivation of spirochetes. | various carbohydrates have been added to the fluid cultures of different strains of spirochetes in order to determine the behavior of the latter toward the carbohydrates. in the present experiment, amygdalin, arabinose, beerwort, dextrin, galactose, glycogen, glucose, inulin, lactose, levulose, maltose, mannite, raffinose, saccharose, and starch were tested with seven strains of treponema pallidum and one strain each of treponema calligyrum, treponema microdentium, treponema mucosum, and spiroch ... | 1917 | 19868095 |
| the cultivation and immunological reactions of the globoid bodies in poliomyelitis. | two additional cultures of globoid bodies, obtained from the nervous tissues of monkeys in which experimental poliomyelitis was produced, and identical with the original cultures described by flexner and noguchi, are reported in this paper. the highly parasitic cultures, like treponema pallidum, are refractory to artificial cultivation. after long cultivation outside the body, the globoid bodies acquire saprophytic properties and then grow more readily and in a considerable variety of media, pro ... | 1917 | 19868108 |
| immunological studies on pure cultures of various spirochetes. | experiments were carried out for the study of culture spirochetes in their relation to various immunity reactions in vitro. several strains of treponema pallidum and one each of treponema calligyrum, spirochata refringens, treponema microdentium, and treponema mucosum were used. tests were made of immune substances responsible for agglutination, complement fixation, spirocheticidosis, and opsonization. in cases of agglutination and complement fixation, cross titrations were made. 1. in the sera ... | 1917 | 19868122 |
| morphological characteristics and nomenclature of leptospira (spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae (inada and ido). | the present study deals with the morphology and systematic position of the causative agent of infectious jaundice. there are several features which are not found in any of the hitherto known genera of spirochaetoidea which led me to give this organism an independent generic name, leptospira, denoting the peculiar minute elementary spirals running throughout the body. the absence of a definite terminal flagellum or any flagella, and the remarkable flexibility of the terminal or caudal portion of ... | 1918 | 19868227 |
| the spirochetal flora of the normal male genitalia. | the varieties of spirochetes enumerated and photomicrographed from the male smegma flora represent practically every form hitherto described by nankivell and sundell and by patterson in the specimens of urine from trench fever cases (figs. 32 and 33). the urethral flora, as studied by stoddard, seem to contain more varieties, but, except those of his more detailed morphological descriptions, every form observed by him is among those found in the smegma. stoddard saw certain forms with hooked end ... | 1918 | 19868233 |
| the spirochetal flora of the normal female genitalia. | the spirochetal flora of normal female genitalia is similar to that of the male and consists of treponema calligyrum, treponema minutum, and spironema refringens. the types are present in varying proportions, but the calligyrum usually predominates, and the refringens is the least frequent. the female genitalia are much richer generally in the number of spirochetes than the male. | 1918 | 19868277 |
| chemotherapy of trypanosome and spirochete infections : biological series. iv. the action of n-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid upon spirochete infections. | to summarize the results obtained from these experiments, one may say that n-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid is capable of exercising a very definite effect upon the course of infections produced by spirochetes of the recurrens group and by treponema pallidum. it is more difficult to say, however, just how these effects should be interpreted. in the case of the blood spirochetes, the infection is ameliorated, and even though the spirochetes are not immediately destroyed, the infection is frequ ... | 1919 | 19868372 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : i. primary infection in the testicle. | a study was made of the infections produced in rabbits inoculated in the testicles with two strains of treponema pallidum which had been carried in rabbits for several years. infection resulted in all instances; the incubation period varied as a rule between 2 and 6 weeks and under properly chosen conditions could be reduced to approximately 3 weeks or less. the resulting infection pursued a typically cyclic or relapsing course which affected both the spirochetes and the associated lesions in th ... | 1920 | 19868411 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : ii. primary infection in the scrotum. part 2. scrotal lesions and the character of the scrotal infection. | from a study of the reaction to scrotal inoculation with treponema pallidum in alarge series of rabbits, it was found that the specific reaction presented the following characteristics. in general, the reaction in the scrotum became apparent within 7 to 14 days after inoculation but was subject to considerable variation. the early reaction took the form of an edematous swelling and congestion associated with a new growth of vessels or of an infiltration with more or less proliferation of fixed t ... | 1920 | 19868423 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : iii. local dissemination, local recurrence, and involvement of regional lymphatics. | from a study of the phenomena of the primary infection on the one hand, and the phenomena of local spread, or dissemination, on the other, it is seen that a multiplicity of lesions develops in the testicle and scrotum of the rabbit which have much the same characteristics irrespective of their origin. some of these lesions are clearly recognizable as primary lesions or parts of a primary reaction to infection, while others are just as clearly the results of dissemination of the virus from a prim ... | 1920 | 19868424 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : iv. cutaneous syphilis. part 1. affections of the skin and appendages. | from the study of a large series of rabbits with outspoken manifestations of generalized syphilis, lesions of the skin and appendages were found to constitute one of the largest and most varied groups of such affections. the conditions noted consisted of alopecias, onychia and paronychia, and lesions of the skin proper. it was found to be a matter of some difficulty to make a positive diagnosis of syphilitic alopecia, but there were three and possibly four conditions which appeared to be attribu ... | 1920 | 19868455 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : iv. cutaneous syphilis. part 2. clinical aspects of cutaneous syphilis. | from the study of a large number of rabbits with generalized cutaneous syphilis following local inoculation with treponema pallidum, lesions were found most often about the hind feet and legs, the head, the front feet and legs, and the tail. there was further evidence of a selective distribution of cutaneous lesions in the fact that, on a given part of the body, the lesions were usually confined to a few restricted areas. about the head, they occurred almost exclusively on the sides and bridge o ... | 1920 | 19868456 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : v. syphilitic affections of the mucous membranes and mucocutaneous borders. | in a series of more than 200 rabbits in which generalized lesions were observed following local inoculation with treponema pallidum, there were a number of animals in which characteristic lesions were noted upon mucous membranes or along mucocutaneous borders. these lesions were distributed with about equal frequency between the nose or nasolacrimal system and the eyelids on the one hand, and the genital and anal regions on the other. the lips and buccal mucosa appeared to be less subject to loc ... | 1920 | 19868457 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : vi. affections of bone, cartilage, tendons, and synovial membranes. part 1. lesions of the skeletal system. | from a study of a series of rabbits inoculated with two old strains of treponema pallidum, it was found that localized infection of bones and tendons was of frequent occurrence and led to the formation of a variety of lesions. the bones usually involved were those of the face and the feet and legs. most often the lesions arose from the periosteum but developed also within the bone or marrow cavities and at lines of epiphyseal union. grossly, the periosteal lesions were of two types-one being a c ... | 1921 | 19868512 |
| superinfection in experimental syphilis following the administration of subcurative doses of arsphenamine or neoarsphenamine. | experiments were carried out on rabbits for the purpose of determining the effects of subcurative doses of arsphenamine and of neo-arsphenamine upon the resistance of infected animals to reinoculation with treponema pallidum and hence the possibilities of the occurrence of a second infection in treated but uncured cases of infection. all the animals used were inoculated with the same virus, and the experimental tests were carried out when the first cycle of testicular reaction was nearing its he ... | 1921 | 19868516 |
| experimental syphilis in the rabbit : vii. affections of the eyes. | from the study of a number of instances of eye infection in the rabbit, it was found that a variety of affections might occur following scrotal or testicular inoculations of treponema pallidum. those observed included ciliary injection, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and iritis which might occur separately or in combination with one another, except that keratitis and iritis were always accompanied by a reaction in the ciliary vessels and usually by a conjunctivitis. several forms of each of these af ... | 1921 | 19868546 |
| note on the preservation of stock strains of treponema pallidum and on the demonstration of infection in rabbits. | experiments carried out on rabbits infected with treponema pallidum showed that there was a constant invasion and localization of the organisms in the superficial lymph nodes, that the infection persisted indefinitely, and that organisms could be recovered at any time from such nodes as the popliteals. based upon these observations, a method is proposed for the preservation or recovery of stock strains of treponema pallidum and for the demonstration of infection in rabbits. | 1921 | 19868547 |
| a study of the relation of treponema pallidum to lymphoid tissues in experimental syphilis. | a widespread dissemination of treponema pallidum from a local focus of inoculation in the rabbit constantly occurs by way of the lymphatics. spirochetes were regularly recovered from the satellite lymph nodes by animal inoculation after scrotal inoculation; they were present as early as 2 days, when no specific primary reaction was detected, and at later periods of from 5 to 61 days after inoculation. other superficial nodes at remote sites such as the popliteals and with no syphilitic lesions i ... | 1922 | 19868586 |
| venereal spirochetosis in american rabbits. | of 50 rabbits, otherwise regarded as normal, three adult females and two adult males (10 per cent) have been found to have in their genitoperineal region certain papulosquamous, often ulcerating, lesions. a recently purchased group of twenty rabbits contained six females (30 per cent) with similar lesions. this condition runs a chronic course and is characterized by the presence of a spiral organism closely resembling treponema pallidum. the rabbit spirochete has the same morphological features ... | 1922 | 19868615 |
| the cultivation of anaerobic treponemata on the surface of blood agar plates. | by a method of cultivation that proved successful with bacterium pneumosintes, characteristic surface colonies of old saprophytic strains of treponema pallidum and treponema calligyrum have been obtained. the presence of two types of colony in the pallidum cultures requires explanation, but the fact of colony formation may point the way to new methods of isolation and identification and to the utilization of suspensions of treponemata, free from foreign proteins, for serological and immunologica ... | 1923 | 19868728 |
| experimental observations on the prophylaxis and treatment of syphilis. | 1. by inoculating the scarified surface of both sides of the scrotum of rabbits with suspensions of treponema pallidum, 100 per cent of infections were obtained on one side or the other. infection through the unbroken skin could not be produced. 2. by gland transfers from animals with positive local inoculations, 87.5 per cent of takes were produced. 3. these two methods were used to test the prophylactic value of 30 per cent calomel ointment, (a) calomel ointment proved efficacious up to 8 hour ... | 1923 | 19868743 |
| brain lesions of the domestic rabbit. | lesions of meningoencephalitis were found in 55 per cent of 372 rabbits comprising the laboratory stock regarded as healthy, others with snuffles or dying from different affections while being kept under observation, and still others which were employed for experimental purposes, such as tumor transplantation and treponema pallidum inoculation. none was injected intracerebrally. the lesions consist in the main of infiltration with mononuclear cells occurring around the blood vessels, in the meni ... | 1924 | 19868834 |
| penetration of normal mucous membranes of the rabbit by treponema pallidum and the influence of this mode of infection upon the course of the disease. | experiments were carried out with three strains of treponema pallidum to determine whether infection could be produced by applying an emulsion, rich in spirochetes, to normal mucous membranes of rabbits and whether an infection produced in this manner differed in any respect from one produced by other methods of inoculation. it was found that a simple instillation of a spirochete emulsion into the conjunctival sac or the sheath was all that was necessary to obtain an infection. still, the infect ... | 1924 | 19868875 |
| studies in experimental syphilis : ii. the influence of a non-specific inflammatory reaction upon the development of the chancre. | rabbits can be successfully infected with syphilis by the inoculation of surface wounds with virulent strains of treponema pallidum. old granulating wounds in these animals constitute a particularly favorable terrain for syphilis inoculation, the chancre developing relatively soon and attaining a greater size than the lesion occurring on the basis of a fresh wound. coal tar dermatitis renders the skin susceptible to infection with treponema pallidum. the possible reasons for these phenomena are ... | 1925 | 19869004 |
| distinctive characteristics of infections produced by treponema pertenue in the rabbit. | from a study of rabbits inoculated intratesticularly with two strains of treponemata derived from patients suffering from clinical yaws, it was found that a characteristic feature of the reaction to the infection was a well marked periorchitis of a granular or finely nodular type with or without a diffuse involvement of the tunic. while lesions of the testicular parenchyma also occurred they were relatively inconspicuous and consisted either of a minor diffuse orchitis which was usually followed ... | 1925 | 19869019 |
| studies in experimental syphilis : iv. the survival of treponema pallidum in the internal organs of treated and untreated rabbits. | simultaneous transfers to the testes of normal rabbits of circulating blood, heart muscle, liver, brain, spleen and bone marrow (mixed), inoculated testicle, and popliteal lymph nodes from a series of untreated syphilitic rabbits, demonstrated the persistence of the original infection unifomnly in the lymph nodes and less regularly in the liver, mixed spleen and bone marrow, and testis originally inoculated. in one instance the circulating blood was found to be infectious. transfer of similar ti ... | 1925 | 19869032 |
| experimental studies with a spiral organism found in a wild rat and identical with the organism causing rat-bite fever : second paper. | 1. the spiral organism isolated from a wild rat has proved identical with that from a human case of rat-bite fever in mexico city. 2. rabbits can easily be infected with these organisms. 3. the subcutaneous inoculation of them is followed after 3 to 5 days by a local edema, induration, and inflammation: primary lesion. 4. about 8 days after the appearance of the primary lesion, edematous swellings and inflammation appear on the head and genitals: secondary lesions. 5. the organism can be transmi ... | 1925 | 19869073 |
| syphilitic myocarditis in the rabbit. | in the course of routine postmortem examinations of rabbits infected with treponema pallidum, six cases of pronounced granulomatous myocarditis were encountered. treponemata were not demonstrated in the lesions, but the clinical history, and the gross and microscopic appearance of the lesions seemed to warrant a diagnosis of syphilitic myocarditis. the lesions measured 1.0 cm. or more in diameter and histologically were practically identical with those described by warthin in cases of syphilitic ... | 1926 | 19869141 |
| melanoma (sarcoma) of the eye in a syphilitic rabbit. | a melanotic tumor developed in a defective eye of a syphilitic rabbit following repeated genital inoculations with treponema pallidum. the appearance of the tumor coincided with the development of a syphilitic lesion in the same eye, suggesting a relation between the occurrence of the two lesions. | 1926 | 19869162 |
| the influence of light on the reaction to infection in experimental syphilis. | a series of experiments was carried out for the purpose of determining whether the reaction of rabbits inoculated with treponema pallidum might be influenced by their light environment. the conditions compared were (1) diffuse sunlight filtered through window glass and subject to variations due to natural causes, (2) constant and continuous exposure to artificial light with a wave-length of from 3022 to 5790 angström units (cooper hewitt), and (3) complete exclusion of light. the results showed ... | 1927 | 19869268 |
| studies in experimental syphilis : vii. reinoculation of treated and untreated syphilitic rabbits with heterologous strains of treponema pallidum. | syphilitic rabbits, whether untreated or treated after the 90th day of infection, were found to be more refractory to subsequent inoculation with the homologous strain of treponema pallidum than to inoculation with heterologous strains of the same organism, when clinical criteria alone were employed in judging the outcome of reinoculation. the incidence of second infection with homologous strains was 5.4 per cent, as against 50 per cent with heterologous strains.(2) the resistance which develops ... | 1927 | 19869335 |
| reciprocal effects of concomitant infections : i. the influence of vaccinia on the reaction to infection with experimental syphilis. | experiments are reported in which was studied the effect of a concomitant infection, vaccinia, upon the syphilitic reaction of rabbits. vaccine virus was inoculated intracutaneously on the side of the body at the time of intratesticular inoculation with treponema pallidum. the results showed clearly that the vaccination caused a profound disturbance in the syphilitic reaction, the ensuing syphilis being extremely severe. from an analysis of various features of the reaction, it appeared that the ... | 1928 | 19869434 |
| reciprocal effects of concomitant infections : ii. the influence of vaccinal immunity on the reaction to experimental syphilis. | experiments are reported in which it was shown, first, that the effectiveness of the reaction to experimental syphilis was increased in rabbits immune to vaccine virus, the ensuing disease being less severe than in control animals. it was further shown that a comparable modification of the syphilitic reaction occurred in rabbits inoculated intratesticularly with a mixture of treponema pallidum and vaccine virus, and it was suggested that this result was due to the influence of a vaccinal immunit ... | 1928 | 19869466 |
| studies on the physiological effects of fever temperatures : iii. the thermal death time of treponema pallidum in vitro with special reference to fever temperatures. | 1. the thermal death time of trefonema pallidumin extracts from lesions in rabbits' testes was determined in vitro at fever temperatures using the zinsser-hopkins and nichols strains. 2. the criteria to determine the persistence of infectivity of the heated extract were the following: the development of lesions on inoculation into rabbits, dark-field examination of tissue from the lesions, the outcome of blood wassermann tests, and of reinoculation tests. 3. the thermal death time of the two str ... | 1932 | 19870098 |
| single cell inoculations with treponema pallidum. | the injection of one or several treponema pallidum into the testicles of rabbits does not induce syphilitic infection. a negative tissue transfer experiment does not preclude the presence of treponema pallidum in the inoculum nor does it indicate the absence of syphilis in the source animal. | 1934 | 19870247 |
| the preservation of virulent treponema pallidum and treponema pertenue in the frozen state; with a note on the preservation of filtrable viruses. | 1. a simple method for freezing and maintaining tissue specimens in a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and 95 per cent ethyl alcohol at a temperature approximating -78 degrees c. is described. 2. when frozen and maintained at this temperature treponema pallidum and treponema pertenue, upon thawing, exhibited normal morphology and motility and their virulence for rabbits was not appreciably altered after periods of at least 1 year. this applied to a number of different strains of each organism. th ... | 1938 | 19870710 |
| protective antibodies in the serum of syphilitic rabbits. | 1. when an emulsion containing virulent treponema pallidum is added to serum from normal rabbits and from untreated immune syphilitic rabbits that have been infected with a homologous strain of t. pallidum the mixture incubated at 37 degrees c., and injected intracutaneously into normal rabbits, typical syphilitic lesions commonly develop at the sites of inoculation of the normal serum-spirochete mixture, while at the sites of inoculation of immune serum-spirochete mixtures usually either no les ... | 1939 | 19870883 |
| prolonged maintenance of spirochetes and filtrable viruses in the frozen state. | 1. observations are reported on the virulence of various types of spirochetes and filtrable viruses after storage at - 787deg;c. for periods up to 3 years. 2. five specimens of treponema pallidum belonging to 4 different strains, and 7 specimens of t. pertenue belonging to 5 different strains were tested after storage for approximately 3 years. with one exception each specimen contained actively motile treponemes, and all specimens were highly pathogenic for rabbits. many other specimens of thes ... | 1939 | 19870935 |
| lsa63, a newly identified surface protein of leptospira interrogans binds laminin and collagen iv. | leptospira interrogans is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that affects populations worldwide. we have identified in proteomic studies a protein that is encoded by the gene lic10314 and expressed in virulent strain of l. interrogans serovar pomona. this protein was predicted to be surface exposed by psort program and contains a p83/100 domain identified by blast analysis that is conserved in protein antigens of several strains of borrelia and treponema spp. the proteins ... | 2010 | 19879894 |
| infectious antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. | infections can act as environmental triggers that induce or promote systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) in genetically predisposed individuals. new technologies, developed recently, enable simultaneous assessment of multiple antibodies. antibodies to specific infectious agents may shed light into the mechanisms of induction of sle. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of seropositivity and the titers of antibodies to bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents in sle patients compar ... | 2009 | 19880558 |
| neurosyphilis with unilateral optic tract lesion causing homonymous hemianopia. | homonymous hemianopia is not a rare symptom. many causative lesions and pathologies are known, although a unilateral optic tract lesion caused by syphilis is rare. | 2009 | 19901716 |
| evaluation of azithromycin resistance in treponema pallidum specimens from madagascar. | treponema pallidum resistance to azithromycin has been documented in the us, canada, and ireland. we found no evidence of resistance to azithromycin in specimens from 141 patients with syphilitic lesions in madagascar suggesting resistance is geographically isolated and supporting use of azithromycin as alternative treatment for early syphilis in madagascar. | 2009 | 19901863 |
| etiology and determinants of sexually transmitted infections in karnataka state, south india. | syndromic case management remains the cornerstone for sti (sexually transmitted infection) treatment in many countries. we undertook this study to better understand the etiology of stis in adults in south india and to inform sti management guidelines. | 2010 | 19901864 |
| secondary syphilis with exclusive peno-scrotal localization. | syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, caused by treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, its incidence, in the last decade, has significantly increased both in western world and in developing countries. it represents a global health problem: it is estimated that each year the new cases of syphilis account for about 12 millions. the diagnosis is not always easy, especially in secondary syphilis in which the cutaneous manifestations are quite variable and should be considered in the different ... | 2009 | 19907410 |
| clinical and serologic baseline and follow-up features of syphilis according to hiv status in the post-haart era. | there is a lack of large studies appraising the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on the course of syphilis since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we aimed to appraise the effect of hiv on clinical and serologic features of syphilis at baseline and during follow-up in the post-haart era.we designed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive syphilis cases, diagnosed between 2000 and 2007, in an academic venereal disease center. data were collected using ... | 2009 | 19910747 |
| antibody reactivity of conformational peptide mimics of a conserved h5n1 neutralization site in different fusion proteins. | several peptide mimics of a conserved h5n1 avian influenza virus neutralization site recognized by 8h5 mab have been reported previously. in this study, the secondary and possibly higher structural orders of the peptide mimics 122 and 125 were investigated and found to be closely related to the specific binding with 8h5 mab. these two peptide mimics were fused to three different carrier proteins, and the antibody binding activities were recovered in 4 of the 11 fusion proteins. hev structural pr ... | 2010 | 19911251 |
| neurosyphilis presenting with dementia, chronic chorioretinitis and adverse reactions to treatment: a case report. | neurosyphilis results from infection of the brain, meninges or spinal cord by treponema pallidum and develops in about 25%-40% of persons who are not treated for syphilis. this article reports a rare case of active neurosyphilis with mild dementia, chronic chorioretinitis, and hearing loss. during the treatment with penicillin, a rare combination of complications such as jarisch-herxheimer and hoigné reactions were observed.the clinical feature is characterized by a slow progressive cognitive de ... | 2009 | 19918420 |
| an efficient method for enumerating oral spirochetes using flow cytometry. | spirochetes, such as treponema denticola, are thin walled, helical, motile bacteria. they are notoriously difficult to enumerate due to their thinness and the difficulties associated with culturing them. here we have developed a modified oral bacterial growth medium (obgm) that significantly improves the cultivation of t. denticola compared with a previously published growth medium. three methods for the enumeration of t. denticola, semi-solid growth medium colony-forming unit (cfu) counts, dna ... | 2010 | 19932718 |
| [recombinant expression of the fusion antigen based on treponema pallidum tpn17 and tpn47 epitope peptides and establishment and application of the associated elisa]. | using recombinant tpns proteins of treponema pallidum as antigens, elisas are proved to be of higher sensitivity and specificity. however, they can be further increased by using multiple tpns antigens. according to the epitope analysis, we firstly used linking primers pcrs to obtain an artificial fusion gene segment tpe17-47 containing epitopes of both tpn17 and tpn47. subsequently, we conducted the prokaryotic expression systems of entire tpn17 and tpn47 genes and tpe17-47 fusion gene. sds-page ... | 2009 | 19938456 |
| evaluation of two immunoblot assays and a western blot assay for the detection of antisyphilis immunoglobulin g antibodies. | in the present study, two immunoglobulin g (igg) immunoblot assays and one igg western blot assay were compared to the rapid plasma reagin test (rpr), the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (fta-abs), and the treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (tp-pa). the agreement levels of the viramed, virotech, and mardx assays were 97.0%, 96.4%, and 99.4%, and the agreements of samples inconclusive by fta-abs and resolved by tp-pa were 91.7%, 83.3%, and 69.4%, respectively. | 2010 | 19940043 |
| recent syphilis infection prevalence and risk factors among male low-income populations in coastal peruvian cities. | the objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology of syphilis among high-risk socially marginalized populations in urban, coastal peru, to quantify the prevalence of recent syphilis infection and identify risk factors. | 2010 | 19940809 |
| detection of treponemes in canker lesions of horses by 16s rrna clonal sequencing analysis. | equine canker is a chronic pododermatitis of the hoof in horses. although spirochetes are detectable histopathologically in the lesions, the precise etiology remains unclear. this study reports the 16s rrna gene sequencing of randomly selected clones based on pcr with treponema-specific primers, using the canker lesions from two horses and healthy frog and sole from a horse. a total of 114 clones were obtained from the lesions, but no clones were detected in the healthy hoof tissues. the clones ... | 2010 | 19942809 |
| syphilis nucleic acid testing: usefulness in syphilis confirmation? | | 2010 | 19951320 |
| syphilis screening among female sex workers in bangalore, india: comparison of point-of-care testing and traditional serological approaches. | we undertook a prospective evaluation of the qualpro syphicheck-wb rapid syphilis test to measure its diagnostic performance and utility as a point-of-care (poc) screening test among female sex workers (fsws) in bangalore, india. | 2010 | 19965800 |
| treponema pallidum in syphilitic aortic valvulitis of a congenitally bicuspid valve with subaortic stenosis: report of a case. | | 1936 | 19970250 |
| tooth buds and jaws in patients with congenital syphilis: correlation between distribution of treponema pallidum and tissue reaction. | | 1944 | 19970756 |
| the distribution of treponema pallidum, schaudinn (spirochaeta pallida), in the tissues in congenital syphilis. | | 1906 | 19971740 |
| a study of complement fixation in syphilis with treponema antigens. | | 1913 | 19972116 |
| demonstration by the ultra-microscope of living treponema pallidum and various spirochaetes. | | 1910 | 19974144 |
| on some of the recent advances in the field of microbiology; with demonstrations of the pure cultures of various spirochaetes, of the viruses of rabies and poliomyelitis, and of treponema pallidum in the brains of general paralytics. | | 1914 | 19977777 |
| treponema denticola suppresses expression of human {beta}-defensin-3 in gingival epithelial cells through inhibition of the toll-like receptor 2 axis. | we reported previously that treponema denticola, one of the periodontal pathogens, suppresses the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) in human gingival epithelial cells. to identify the mechanisms involved in this suppression, immortalized and normal human gingival epithelial cells were infected with live or heat-killed t. denticola for 24 h, and then the expression of hbds was examined by real-time rt-pcr. live t. denticola suppressed the expression of hbd-3 substantially and also suppres ... | 2010 | 19995893 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in japan. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 23 treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) lesions in japan were investigated by a broth microdilution method using 15 antimicrobial agents. although all mic values showed a monomodal distribution, the mics of the antimicrobial agents for 90% (mic(90)) of the isolates tested varied among the agents examined. the mic(90) values for penicillin g, ampicillin, and erythromycin were <0 ... | 2010 | 19996562 |
| a case-control study of vdrl-positive antenatal clinic attenders at the port moresby general hospital antenatal clinic and labour ward to determine outcomes, sociodemographic features and associated risk factors. | between june 2001 and december 2002, 152 antenatal patients at port moresby general hospital who were venereal disease research laboratory (vdrl) serology positive and 150 unselected antenatal patients who tested negative were studied to determine the gestational age at which the tests were performed, the time it took for results to become available, the proportion of patients who received treatment, the sociodemographic characteristics associated with vdrl positivity and the effect of vdrl posi ... | 2008 | 19999305 |
| seroprevalence of hiv, hsv-2, and treponema pallidum in the kosovarian population. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of infection with hiv, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and treponema pallidum (tp) in a kosovarian population. a cross-sectional study was performed in peja, kosovo, from january to march 2005, among 1285 persons recruited at the peja hospital. the seroprevalence of hiv, hsv-2, and tp was evaluated, and the viral correlates for each infection were analysed. no hiv-positive cases were found. the seroprevalence of hsv-2 was 20.2%. ... | 2009 | 20001281 |
| transmission of periodontopathic bacteria from natural teeth to implants. | purpose: prevention of peri-implantitis is essential for the success of implant rehabilitation. infection by periodontopathic bacteria is a major cause of peri-implantitis. the aim of the present study was to identify the source of peri-implant colonization by periodontopathic bacteria. materials and methods: twenty-one patients with implants were enrolled in the study. subgingival plaque samples from the adjacent, occluding, and contralateral natural teeth were collected prior to second-stage s ... | 2009 | 20002682 |
| viral hepatitis, hiv, human herpes virus and treponema pallidum infection in haemodialysis patients from kosovo, 2005. | the serological status of hepatitis viruses and other infectious diseases in the 66 dialysed patients of one haemodialysis unit in kosovo were studied, comparing the data with a large group of blood donors and out-patients. all dialysed patients were hepatitis a virus (hav) positive. prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b surface antibodies (anti-hbs), and hepatitis b core antibodies (anti-hbc) was 14 of 66, 21% (95% confidence interval (ci): 12-33%), 5 of 66, 8% (95%ci: ... | 2009 | 20003903 |
| treponema pedis isolated from a sow shoulder ulcer. | | 2010 | 20004066 |
| clinical value of treponema pallidum real-time pcr for diagnosis of syphilis. | the diagnosis of syphilis can be complicated when it is based on diverse clinical manifestations, dark-field microscopy, and serology. in the present study, therefore, we examined the additional clinical value of a treponema pallidum real-time taqman pcr for the detection of primary and secondary syphilis. the additional value of the t. pallidum real-time pcr for the diagnosis of primary syphilis was evaluated by the use of three different algorithms: (i) a head-to-head comparison of the dark-fi ... | 2010 | 20007388 |
| treponema denticola biofilm-induced expression of a bacteriophage, toxin-antitoxin systems and transposases. | treponema denticola is an oral spirochaete that has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. the bacterium exists as part of a dense biofilm (subgingival dental plaque) accreted to the tooth. to determine t. denticola gene products important for persistence as a biofilm we developed a continuous-culture biofilm model and conducted a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of biofilm and planktonic cells. a total of 126 genes were differentially expressed with a fold change of 1.5 or grea ... | 2010 | 20007650 |
| transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in kathmandu, nepal. | screening of transfusion-transmissible infections (ttis) among blood donors can be a cost-effective approach to monitor the prevalence, distribution, and trends of the infections among healthy-looking individuals. the study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of four ttis, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and syphilis, among blood donors in kathmandu, nepal. | 2009 | 20009282 |
| sexually transmitted proctitides. | patients with sexually transmitted proctitides are increasingly presenting to doctors' offices. this may be secondary to increasing numbers of individuals participating in anal receptive intercourse and a rise in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. although the sexually transmitted proctitides represent a small proportion of the overall number of cases of new proctitis, in certain populations the incidence of these diseases as causative agents is quite high, especially among men who ... | 2007 | 20011362 |
| sero-epidemiology of transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases among blood donors in osogbo, south-west nigeria. | transfusion-transmissible infectious agents such as hepatitis b virus (hbv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety for transfusion recipients and pose a serious public health problem. this cross-sectional study was undertaken with the aim of determining the seroprevalence of hiv, hcv, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and syphilis and correlates the findings with sex and age to ascertain the associations, if any, ... | 2009 | 20011640 |
| bacterial adhesins to host components in periodontitis. | | 2010 | 20017793 |
| gastric syphilis: a systematic review of published cases of the last 50 years. | the authors conducted a systematic review of the english literature for cases of gastric syphilis (gs) in the last 50 years. the 34 studies which met selection criteria included 52 patients with gs. of the reviewed patients, only 13% had a history of syphilis diagnosis and 46% had prior or concurrent clinical manifestations of the disease. epigastric pain/fullness was the most common presenting symptom (92%) and epigastric tenderness being the most common sign. gastric bleeding of variable inten ... | 2010 | 20023597 |
| [seroprevalence of lyme borreliosis in workers from cordoba, colombia]. | establishing the seroprevalence of lyme disease in workers from cordoba. | 2009 | 20027520 |
| identification of candidate pathogens of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from quantitative 16s rrna clonal analysis. | although it is suspected that papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd), an infectious foot disease of cattle, is caused by multiple bacteria, it remains unclear precisely which ones are involved in the etiology. to study the bacterial community, we used 16s rrna gene sequencing of randomly selected clones based on pcr with minimum amplification cycles to search for organisms present in pdd lesions but not in healthy foot skin. the nucleotide sequences of 1525 clones from 5 pdd lesions (836 clones) ... | 2010 | 20036086 |
| association of human t lymphotropic virus 1 amplification of periodontitis severity with altered cytokine expression in response to a standard periodontopathogen infection. | periodontal diseases (pds) are infectious diseases in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. recently, viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pds. individuals infected with human t lymphotropic virus 1 (htlv-1) present with abnormal oral health and a marked increased prevalence of periodontal disease. | 2010 | 20038241 |
| italian national survey of blood donors: external quality assessment (eqa) of syphilis testing. | the detection of syphilis among blood donors may reveal high-risk sexual behavior, which can go unreported at the time of donor selection and compromise the safety of the donated blood. in italy, blood is collected, tested, and distributed by transfusion services (tss), which also perform outpatient transfusions. although the tss must screen for syphilis by law, there are no indications of the specific type of method to be used, generating discrepancies in the results obtained by the different t ... | 2010 | 20042617 |
| syphilis at the crossroad of phylogenetics and paleopathology. | the origin of syphilis is still controversial. different research avenues explore its fascinating history. here we employed a new integrative approach, where paleopathology and molecular analyses are combined. as an exercise to test the validity of this approach we examined different hypotheses on the origin of syphilis and other human diseases caused by treponemes (treponematoses). initially, we constructed a worldwide map containing all accessible reports on palaeopathological evidences of tre ... | 2010 | 20052268 |
| evaluating clinical periodontal measures as surrogates for bacterial exposure: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest). | epidemiologic studies of periodontal infection as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease often use clinical periodontal measures as a surrogate for the underlying bacterial exposure of interest. there are currently no methodological studies evaluating which clinical periodontal measures best reflect the levels of subgingival bacterial colonization in population-based settings. we investigated the characteristics of clinical periodontal definitions that were most representative of exposure to b ... | 2010 | 20056008 |
| microbiologic testing and outcomes of full-mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin/metronidazole in chronic periodontitis. | it has been suggested that use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to patients with specific microbiologic profiles. the main purpose of the present analysis was to study whether microbiologic testing before therapy was of value in predicting which patients would specifically benefit from adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole, given in the context of full-mouth scaling and root planing (srp) within 48 hours. | 2010 | 20059413 |
| subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, patient acceptance, and short-term microbiologic effect of a new air-polishing device in subjects in maintenance care with residual pockets > or =5 mm. | 2010 | 20059420 |
| [congenital syphilis]. | syphilis has been a re-emerging disease in the past few decades. as a consequence, the prevalence of congenital syphilis is expected to be on the rise. maternal syphilis may be related to several pathologies, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or congenital syphilis in the child. infants that acquire syphilis in utero are frequently asymptomatic, and the organ damage caused by the infection may be apparent only years later. syphilis is a curable disease, and most of its complications in the infant ... | 2010 | 20061233 |
| early syphilis mimicking tuberculous meningoencephalitis in an hiv-positive patient. | a man previously treated for tuberculous arthritis presented with acute meningoencephalitis. cerebrospinal fluid tests suggested infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis, but a diagnosis of early neurosyphilis was subsequently made. | 2010 | 20071442 |
| [seroimmunological studies by dr hideyo noguchi - introduction and illustration of his seroimmunological research, with a connection to recent seroimmunology]. | dr. hideyo noguchi (noguchi) is the most well-known scientist in japanese history because of his eventful life and research on syphilis and yellow fever; however, details of his scientific research, especially in the seroimmunological field, performed in the usa have not been recognized. more than 200 papers were published, mostly in english, and about half of them were published in j. exp. medicine. arbitrary evaluation was performed of his research, recognizing the value of his seroimmunologic ... | 2009 | 20077823 |
| clinical presentation and imaging of general paresis due to neurosyphilis in patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus. | the clinical presentations and mri of six patients with general paresis due to neurosyphilis were reviewed. diagnosis was based on neurological and psychiatric symptoms, positive treponema pallidum hemagglutination in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and sera, and serology that was negative for human immunodeficiency virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. most patients had lymphocytic, monocytic pleocytosis and high protein levels in their csf. one patient had periodic lateral epileptiform dischar ... | 2010 | 20080408 |
| correlates of unprotected sex with female sex workers among male clients in tijuana, mexico. | tijuana, situated adjacent to san diego, ca on the us-mexico border, is experiencing an emerging hiv epidemic, with prevalence among female sex workers (fsws) having risen in recent years from <1% to 6%. comparable data on fsws' clients are lacking. we explored correlates of unprotected sex with fsws among male clients in tijuana. | 2010 | 20081558 |
| erythematous erosive patch on the left nipple--quiz case. diagnosis: extragenital syphilitic chancres. | | 2010 | 20083700 |
| comparative evaluation of the inno-lia syphilis score and the mardx treponema pallidum immunoglobulin g marblot test assays for the serological diagnosis of syphilis. | we evaluated the performance of two immunoblot assays: the inno-lia syphilis score (lia) and the mardx t. pallidum igg marblot test (twb), as compared with that of the murex ice syphilis enzyme immunoassay (eia), the serodia treponema pallidum particle agglutination (tppa) assay and the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (fta-abs) assay, for the serological diagnosis of syphilis using serum samples of 135 attendees of the social hygiene clinics of the department of health in hong kong ne ... | 2010 | 20089996 |
| treponema denticola alters cell vitality and induces ho-1 and hsp70 expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells. | treponema denticola is an oral spirochete that is associated with periodontal disease and detected occasionally in extraoral lesions associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases. the effect of specific bacterial products from oral treponemes on endothelium is poorly investigated. this study analyzed the ability of components of the outer membrane of t. denticola (omt) to induce apoptosis and heat shock proteins (ho-1 and hsp70) in porcine aortic endothelial cells (paecs), c ... | 2010 | 20091146 |
| considering syphilis in aseptic meningitis. | clinicians need to consider syphilis in the differential diagnosis of macular or papular rashes with neurological conditions, particularly aseptic meningitis, as early diagnosis and treatment lead to a better prognosis. | 2009 | 20095316 |
| periodontal bacterial load: a proposed new epidemiological method for periodontal disease assessment. | the purpose of this study was to identify a periodontal clinical measure that correlates with red complex bacteria usually associated with periodontal disease. | 2010 | 20098966 |
| prevalence and correlates of hiv and syphilis infections among men who have sex with men in seven provinces in china with historically low hiv prevalence. | to assess hiv and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (msm) in chinese regions with historically low hiv prevalence. | 2010 | 20104113 |
| analysis of the igg immune response to treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes in individual dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a major infectious disease of the foot skin in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes have been consistently detected in pdd lesions, and antibodies against these organisms have been demonstrated in affected cattle. however, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected cattle. here, we investigated the igg immune response to t. phagedenis-like isolates by western blotting with different sera using w ... | 2010 | 20107009 |
| recovery of otoacoustic emission function in luetic endolymphatic hydrops: a possible measure of improvement in cochlear function. | syphilis is a preventable and curable multi-organ disease caused by treponema pallidum that may also affect the inner ear. first reported in 1887 by adam politzer, luetic endolymphatic hydrops (leh) is a treatable complication of syphilis which causes a potentially reversible sensorineural hearing loss. symptoms of leh include fluctuating hearing loss (often low frequency), tinnitus, and vertigo. though audiometric parameters have been examined in patients with otosyphilis, few studies have exam ... | 2009 | 20111587 |
| [seroepidemiological surveys of non vaccine-preventable diseases and their interest in public health]. | seroepidemiological surveys are epidemiological studies carried out by the use of serum tests to detect infection; they can be applied to infections in general and to vaccine-preventable diseases in particular. among other applications, seroepidemiological studies are useful for determining groups at risk for a specific disease; evaluating transmission mechanisms; and determining population groups who are critical in maintaining the transmission of infectious agents. we analysed the results of s ... | 2009 | 20111813 |