| learning about zika virus epidemiology and diagnostics from blood donor studies. | | 2020 | 32673592 |
| dynamics and allostery of zika virus non-structural protein 5 methyltransferase. | the methyltransferase (mtase) domain of non-structural protein 5 (ns5) plays a fundamental role in flaviviruses replication, and its inhibition is a strategy for antiviral development. mtase methylates viral rna cap at guanine n-7 and the ribose 2'oh of the first adenosine. many structures of zika virus (zikv) and other flaviviruses mtases bound to cofactors, substrates and inhibitor candidates have been solved. still, the dynamical modulation of mtase binding and catalytic activity yet needs to ... | 2020 | 32673148 |
| chikungunya virus: an emergent arbovirus to the south american continent and a continuous threat to the world. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of epidemic concern, transmitted by aedes ssp. mosquitoes, and is the etiologic agent of a febrile and incapacitating arthritogenic illness responsible for millions of human cases worldwide. after major outbreaks starting in 2004, chikv spread to subtropical areas and western hemisphere coming from sub-saharan africa, south east asia, and the indian subcontinent. even though chikv disease is self-limiting and non-lethal, more than ... | 2020 | 32670231 |
| inhibition of na+/k+ atpase blocks zika virus infection in mice. | zika virus (zikv) is an infectious disease that has become an important concern worldwide, it associates with neurological disorders and congenital malformations in adults, also leading to fetal intrauterine growth restriction and microcephaly during pregnancy. however, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs for preventing or treating zikv infection. here, we show that two fda-approved na+/k+-atpase inhibitors, ouabain and digoxin, can block zikv infection at the re ... | 2020 | 32669655 |
| development of magnetic bead based sample extraction coupled polymerase spiral reaction for rapid on-site detection of chikungunya virus. | the molecular detection system has evolved over last two decades and is rapidly replacing the conventional confirmatory techniques in diagnostic virology. however the major limitation in implementation of available molecular detection assays is the non availability of field deployable nucleic acid isolation platform coupled with gene amplification technique. the rapid and early molecular detection is crucial for employing effective measure against many viral infections. the re-emergence of chiku ... | 2020 | 32669639 |
| msphere of influence: innate immunity at the maternal-fetal barrier. | kellie ann jurado works in the field of emerging infectious diseases. in this msphere of influence article, she reflects on how the papers "type iii interferons produced by human placental trophoblasts confer protection against zika virus infection" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.03.008) and "a three-dimensional culture system recapitulates placental syncytiotrophoblast development and microbial resistance" (https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501462) by carolyn coyne's group have made an impa ... | 2020 | 32669461 |
| integrated approaches in support of taxonomic identification of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in vector surveillance in spain. | the pandemic of zika virus in 2016 and other arboviruses prompted la rioja government in spain to implement an entomological surveillance program of mosquitoes (diptera; culicidae) in the region of la rioja. the morphological identification was supported by genetic analysis using the coi (cytochrome c oxidase subunit i) and the its2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) genes. in total, we identified 24 species arranged in 6 genera: aedes (7 species), anopheles (4 species), coquillettidia (1 species), ... | 2020 | 32668185 |
| 24-hour holter findings in infants with in-utero exposure to the zika virus: a series of cases. | severe neurological problems and other special manifestations such as high prevalence of structural cardiac changes has been described in infants vertically exposed to the zika virus (zikv) and has been called congenital zika virus syndrome (czs). previous studies have shown that the 24-hour holter heart rate variability (hrv) analysis allows the prediction of worse outcomes in infants with neurological impairment and higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (sids), hypertension, diabetes mel ... | 2020 | 32667392 |
| zika virus vertical transmission in children with confirmed antenatal exposure. | we report zika virus (zikv) vertical transmission in 130 infants born to pcr+ mothers at the time of the rio de janeiro epidemic of 2015-2016. serum and urine collected from birth through the first year of life were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and/or igm zika mac-elisa. four hundred and seven specimens are evaluated; 161 sera tested by pcr and igm assays, 85 urines by pcr. sixty-five percent of children (n = 84) are positive in at least one assay. ... | 2020 | 32665616 |
| estimation of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of zika virus in australia: risks to blood transfusion safety. | since 2015, zika virus (zikv) outbreaks have occurred in the americas and the pacific involving mosquito-borne and sexual transmission. zikv has also emerged as a risk to global blood transfusion safety. aedes aegypti, a mosquito well established in north and some parts of central and southern queensland, australia, transmits zikv. aedes albopictus, another potential zikv vector, is a threat to mainland australia. since these conditions create the potential for local transmission in australia an ... | 2020 | 32663213 |
| [experience of women with prenatal zika virus infection who continued gestation in colombia]. | to understand the decision-making process of a group of women to continue gestation following a prenatal zika virus infection and the diagnosis of microcephaly of their fetuses. | 2020 | 32660804 |
| ifnβ-induced exosomal linc-epha6-1 promotes cytotoxicity of nk cells by acting as a cerna for hsa-mir-4485-5p to up-regulate nkp46 expression. | exosomes contain functional molecules from their cells of origin and can enter recipient cells for intercellular communication. interferon β (ifnβ) has been shown to induce some lncrnas to regulate host immune response and play a major role in the positive regulation of the activity of natural killer (nk) cells. we aim to clarify whether ifnβ induced exosomes can regulate the cytotoxicity of nk cells by transferring specific lncrnas into nk cells. | 2020 | 32652136 |
| future and perspective of zika virus: drug repurposing as a powerful tool for treatment insights. | the zika virus (zikv) infection is a major public health concern in brazil and worldwide, being a rapidly spreading disease with possible severe complications for pregnant women and neonates. there is currently no preventative therapy or specific treatment available. within this context, drug repositioning is a very promising approach for the discovery of new treatment compounds, since old drugs may become new ones. therefore, this paper aims to perform a literature mini-review to identify promi ... | 2020 | 32651967 |
| a complex between the zika virion and the fab of a broadly cross-reactive neutralizing monoclonal antibody revealed by cryo-em and single particle analysis at 4.1 å resolution. | zika virus (zikv) recently emerged as a major public health concern because it can cause fetal microcephaly and neurological disease such as the guillain-barré syndrome. a particularly potent class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (nabs) targets a quaternary epitope located at the interface of two envelope proteins monomers, exposed at the surface of the mature virion. this "e-dimer-dependent epitope" (ede), comprises the fusion loop of one monomer at the tip of domain ii of e and a portion of ... | 2020 | 32647830 |
| development of vaccines against the sexually transmitted infections gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and zika virus. | the success in preventing hepatitis b virus and human papillomavirus infections by means of vaccination paves the way for the development of other vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted infections (stis) such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and zika virus. the current status of vaccine development for these infections will be explored in this review. the general principles for success include the need for prevention of latency, persistence ... | 2020 | 32647779 |
| nanosensors based on lspr are able to serologically differentiate dengue from zika infections. | the flaviviridae virus family was named after the yellow-fever virus, and the latin term flavi means "of golden color". dengue, caused by dengue virus (denv), is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. a sensitive and differential diagnosis is crucial for patient management, especially due to the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity to other co-circulating flaviviruses. this became particularly important with the emergence of zika virus (zikv) in areas were denv seropreval ... | 2020 | 32647259 |
| association between arthrogryposis and mortality in infants with congenital zika syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | intrauterine zika virus infection is associated with neurological disorders and other problems, including such as impaired visual and hearing function and orthopedic abnormalities, including arthrogryposis. we systematically investigated the prevalence of arthrogryposis in infants with congenital zika syndrome and the respective risk of mortality. | 2020 | 32646676 |
| envelope protein ubiquitination drives entry and pathogenesis of zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) belongs to the family flaviviridae, and is related to other viruses that cause human diseases. unlike other flaviviruses, zikv infection can cause congenital neurological disorders and replicates efficiently in reproductive tissues1-3. here we show that the envelope protein (e) of zikv is polyubiquitinated by the e3 ubiquitin ligase trim7 through lys63 (k63)-linked polyubiquitination. accordingly, zikv replicates less efficiently in the brain and reproductive tissues of trim7-/ ... | 2020 | 32641828 |
| zika virus ns1 affects the junctional integrity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | zika virus (zikv) infection leads to microcephaly in newborns. flaviviruses are known to secrete ns1 protein extracellularly and its concentration in serum directly co-relate to disease severity. the presence of zikv-ns1 near the brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmvecs) affects blood-brain-barrier, which is composed of tight junctions (tjs) and adherens junctions (ajs). viruses utilize different strategies to circumvent this barrier to enter in brain. the present study demonstrated the mec ... | 2020 | 32640279 |
| a non-replicative role of the 3' terminal sequence of the dengue virus genome in membranous replication organelle formation. | dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv), members of the flavivirus genus, rearrange endoplasmic reticulum membranes to induce invaginations known as vesicle packets (vps), which are the assumed sites for viral rna replication. mechanistic information on vp biogenesis has so far been difficult to attain due to the necessity of studying their formation under conditions of viral replication, where perturbations reducing replication will inevitably impact vp formation. here, we report a replicatio ... | 2020 | 32640225 |
| vertical transmission of zika virus by jiegao and mengding aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) strains in yunnan province in china. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne pathogen classified in the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae. vertical transmission is considered to be the primary way to maintain some arboviruses under adverse natural conditions, which play a critical epidemiological role in arbovirus spread and maintenance. aedes aegypti is the primary vector for zikv. in this study, we demonstrated vertical transmission in two ae. aegypti strains from jiegao (jg) and mengding (md) in the border area of yunnan ... | 2020 | 32639204 |
| potential for zika virus transmission by mosquitoes in temperate climates. | mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) transmission has almost exclusively been detected in the tropics despite the distributions of its primary vectors extending farther into temperate regions. therefore, it is unknown whether zikv's range has reached a temperature-dependent limit, or if it can spread into temperate climates. using field-collected mosquitoes for biological relevance, we found that two common temperate mosquito species, aedes albopictus and ochlerotatus detritus, were competent for zi ... | 2020 | 32635867 |
| zika epidemic and microcephaly in brazil: challenges for access to health care and promotion in three epidemic areas. | since 2015 brazil has experienced the social repercussions of the zika virus epidemic, thus raising a debate about: difficulties of diagnosis; healthcare access for children with zika congenital syndrome (zcs); the search for benefits by affected families; social and gender inequalities; and a discussion on reproductive rights, among others. the objective of this article is to analyse access to specialized health services for the care of children born with zcs in three north-eastern states of br ... | 2020 | 32634152 |
| association between antenatal exposure to zika virus and anatomical and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus recognized as teratogenic since the 2015 to 2016 epidemic. antenatal zikv exposure causes brain anomalies, yet the full spectrum has not been delineated. | 2020 | 32633763 |
| head circumference as a measure of in utero zika virus exposure and outcomes. | | 2020 | 32633761 |
| impact of pyriproxyfen on virus behavior: implications for pesticide-induced virulence and mechanism of transmission. | more than 3 years since the last zika virus (zikv) outbreak in brazil, researchers are still deciphering the molecular mechanisms of neurovirulence and vertical transmission, as well as the best way to control spread of zikv, a flavivirus. the use of pesticides was the main strategy of mosquito control during the last zikv outbreak. | 2020 | 32631404 |
| role of microglia in the dissemination of zika virus from mother to fetal brain. | global zika virus (zikv) outbreaks and their link to microcephaly have raised major public health concerns. however, the mechanism of maternal-fetal transmission remains largely unknown. in this study, we determined the role of yolk sac (ys) microglial progenitors in a mouse model of zikv vertical transmission. we found that embryonic (e) days 6.5-e8.5 were a critical window for zikv infection that resulted in fetal demise and microcephaly, and ys microglial progenitors were susceptible to zikv ... | 2020 | 32628667 |
| susceptibility of armigeres subalbatus coquillett (diptera: culicidae) to zika virus through oral and urine infection. | zika virus (zikv) disease outbreaks have been occurring in south america since 2015, and has spread to north america. because birth defects and cases of guillain barré have been associated with infection with zikv, this has drawn global attention. zikv is generally considered an aedes-transmitted pathogen. the transmission of zikv through blood by aedes mosquito bites has been recognized as the major transmission route. however, it is not clear whether there are other transmission routes that ca ... | 2020 | 32628662 |
| winter is coming: pathogen emergence in seasonal environments. | many infectious diseases exhibit seasonal dynamics driven by periodic fluctuations of the environment. predicting the risk of pathogen emergence at different points in time is key for the development of effective public health strategies. here we study the impact of seasonality on the probability of emergence of directly transmitted pathogens under different epidemiological scenarios. we show that when the period of the fluctuation is large relative to the duration of the infection, the probabil ... | 2020 | 32628658 |
| outcomes of subsequent pregnancies following zika virus infection: a comparative case series. | | 2020 | 32623712 |
| zika virus infection causes widespread damage to the inner ear. | zika virus (zikv) has been recently recognized as a causative agent of newborn microcephaly, as well as other neurological consequences. a less well recognized comorbidity of prenatal zikv infection is hearing loss, but cases of hearing impairment following adult zikv infection have also been recognized. diminished hearing following prenatal zikv infection in a mouse model has been reported, but no cellular consequences were observed. we examined the effects of zikv infection on inner ear cellul ... | 2020 | 32623238 |
| zika virus induces oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant enzyme activities in vitro and in vivo. | the first outbreak of zika virus (zikv) infection in the americas, especially in brazil, was reported in 2015. fever, headache, rash, and conjunctivitis are the common symptoms of zikv infection. unexpected clinical outcomes, such as microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome, have also been reported. the recent spread of zikv and its association with severe illness has created an urgent need to understand its pathogenesis and find potential therapeutic targets. studies show that some viruses, inc ... | 2020 | 32622852 |
| antiviral effect of silymarin against zika virus in vitro. | zika virus (zikv) epidemic and its association with severe neurological syndromes have raised worldwide concern. despite the great clinical relevance of this infection, no vaccine or specific treatment is available and the search for antiviral compounds against zikv is extremely necessary. several natural compounds, such as silymarin, exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antiviral properties; however, the antiviral potential of this compound remains partially investigated. therefore, the o ... | 2020 | 32621935 |
| gestational outcomes in women infected by zika virus during pregnancy in mato grosso do sul, brazil: a cross-sectional study. | this study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical parameters of women infected by zika virus who had infants with stigmata of congenital zika syndrome (czs) versus those who had normal-appearing infants at birth, thereby providing further details on the clinical caveats of neonatal zikv infection. | 2020 | 32619757 |
| intermolecular interactions of cn-716 and acyl-kr-aldehyde dipeptide inhibitors against zika virus. | the emergent zika virus (zikv) infection has become a threat to global health due to its association with severe neurological abnormalities, namely guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in adults and congenital zika virus syndrome (czs) in neonates. many studies are nowadays being conducted to find an effective antiviral drug against zikv. in particular, ns2b-ns3 protease is an attractive drug target due to its essential function in viral replication, although a drug is not yet commercially available. i ... | 2020 | 32618974 |
| emergence of zika virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus and anopheles sinensis mosquitoes in china. | zika virus (zikv) has been isolated from mosquitoes such as aedes, mansonia uniformis, and culex perfuscus; however, the isolation of zikv from anopheles sinensis and culex tritaeniorhynchus has not yet been reported. in june and july 2018, 22,985 mosquitoes and 57,500 midges were collected in jiangxi province in southeastern china. among them, six strains of zikv were isolated from mosquitoes: four from an. sinensis and two from cx. tritaeniorhynchus. molecular genetic analysis showed that the ... | 2020 | 32617898 |
| limited influence of the microbiome on the transcriptional profile of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the microbiome is an assemblage of microorganisms living in association with a multicellular host. numerous studies have identified a role for the microbiome in host physiology, development, immunity, and behaviour. the generation of axenic (germ-free) and gnotobiotic model systems has been vital to dissecting the role of the microbiome in host biology. we have previously reported the generation of axenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the primary vector of several human pathogenic viruses, including ... | 2020 | 32616765 |
| hearing and communicative skills in the first years of life in children with congenital zika syndrome. | microcephaly is recognized as one of the main consequences of congenital zika syndrome, but other serious problems such as global hypertonia, irritability, excessive crying, swallowing disorders, seizures, visual impairment and sensorineural hearing loss have been identified as associated with the syndrome. | 2020 | 32616394 |
| zika virus tropism during early infection of the testicular interstitium and its role in viral pathogenesis in the testes. | sexual transmission and persistence of zika virus (zikv) in the testes pose new challenges for controlling virus outbreaks and developing live-attenuated vaccines. it has been shown that testicular infection of zikv is initiated in the testicular interstitium, followed by spread of the virus in the seminiferous tubules. this leads to testicular damage and/or viral dissemination into the epididymis and eventually into semen. however, it remains unknown which cell types are targeted by zikv in the ... | 2020 | 32614902 |
| zika virus changes methylation of genes involved in immune response and neural development in brazilian babies born with congenital microcephaly. | the recent increase in babies born with brain and eye malformations in brazil is associated with zika virus (zikv) infection in utero. zikv alters host dna methylation in vitro. using genome-wide dna methylation profiling we compared 18 babies born with congenital zikv microcephaly with 20 controls. we find zikv-associated alteration of host methylation patterns, notably at rabgap1l that is important in brain development, at viral host immunity genes mx1 and isg15, and in an epigenetic module co ... | 2020 | 32614431 |
| [emerging and re-emerging virus infections in japan: dengue fever, zika virus disease, and sfts]. | a sporadic but autochthonous dengue fever outbreak occurred in tokyo in 2014, although the dengue virus is not in general circulation in japan. another lethal infectious disease, known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts), was discovered to be endemic to japan in january 2013. more than 400 patients with sfts have been reported so far. the fatality rate of sfts is approximately 30%. also in 2014, a large outbreak of mosquito-borne zika virus infections occurred in the south and ... | 2020 | 32612052 |
| reprogramming of the antibacterial drug vancomycin results in potent antiviral agents devoid of antibacterial activity. | influenza a and b viruses are a global threat to human health and increasing resistance to the existing antiviral drugs necessitates new concepts to expand the therapeutic options. glycopeptide derivatives have emerged as a promising new class of antiviral agents. to avoid potential antibiotic resistance, these antiviral glycopeptides are preferably devoid of antibiotic activity. we prepared six vancomycin aglycone hexapeptide derivatives with the aim of obtaining compounds having anti-influenza ... | 2020 | 32610683 |
| sero-prevalence of arthropod-borne viral infections among lukanga swamp residents in zambia. | the re-emergence of vector borne diseases affecting millions of people in recent years has drawn attention to arboviruses globally. here, we report on the sero-prevalence of chikungunya virus (chikv), dengue virus (denv), mayaro virus (mayv) and zika virus (zikv) in a swamp community in zambia. | 2020 | 32609784 |
| using information theory to optimise epidemic models for real-time prediction and estimation. | the effective reproduction number, rt, is a key time-varying prognostic for the growth rate of any infectious disease epidemic. significant changes in rt can forewarn about new transmissions within a population or predict the efficacy of interventions. inferring rt reliably and in real-time from observed time-series of infected (demographic) data is an important problem in population dynamics. the renewal or branching process model is a popular solution that has been applied to ebola and zika vi ... | 2020 | 32609732 |
| "too much to ask, too much to handle": women's coping in times of zika. | zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. its consequences for pregnancies have made governments and both national and international agencies issue advice and recommendations to women. this study was designed to understand the impacts of zika on women who were less directly affected and less vulnerable to zika. women were recruited from various locations in brazil, puerto rico, and the united states. data were collected through semi-structured interviews ... | 2020 | 32604943 |
| central nervous system infections in a tropical area: influence of emerging and rare infections. | the frequency of infectious encephalitis and the distribution of causative pathogens in tropical areas are poorly known and may be influenced by emerging and rare infections. the aim was to characterize a large series of acute infectious encephalitis and myelitis in immunocompetent patients from the caribbean island of guadeloupe identifying clinical, biological and radiological features according to pathogens. | 2020 | 32602577 |
| temperature dramatically shapes mosquito gene expression with consequences for mosquito-zika virus interactions. | vector-borne flaviviruses are emerging threats to human health. for successful transmission, the virus needs to efficiently enter mosquito cells and replicate within and escape several tissue barriers while mosquitoes elicit major transcriptional responses to flavivirus infection. this process will be affected not only by the specific mosquito-pathogen pairing but also by variation in key environmental variables such as temperature. thus far, few studies have examined the molecular responses tri ... | 2020 | 32595607 |
| patterns of signs, symptoms, and laboratory values associated with zika, dengue, and undefined acute illnesses in a dengue endemic region: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study in southern mexico. | dengue and zika infections cause illnesses with overlapping clinical manifestations. the aim of this study was to explore the association of each of these infections with single or grouped clinical and laboratory parameters. | 2020 | 32593623 |
| concurrent amplification of zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus in a sylvatic focus of arboviruses in southeastern senegal, 2015. | chikungunya (chikv), yellow fever (yfv) and zika (zikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, where they share common hosts and vectors. all three viruses undergo periodic amplifications, during which they are detected in mosquitoes and sometimes in hosts. however, little is known about their spatio-temporal patterns in years in which they undergo concurrent amplification. the aim of this study was to describe the co-amplification of zikv, chikv, and yfv, and ... | 2020 | 32590939 |
| a target-mediated fuel-initiated molecular machine for high-sensitive fluorescence assay of the zikv gene via strand displacement reaction-based signal recovery and cycling amplification. | zika virus (zikv) is a serious threat to human health due to its widespread human arboviral infections, and early diagnosis is one of the keys to preventing infections from spreading, but there is a lack of highly sensitive and specific detection. in this work, a target-mediated fuel-initiated molecular machine was proposed for the high-sensitive fluorescence assay of the zikv gene via strand displacement reaction-based signal recovery and cycling amplification. the molecular machine was prepare ... | 2020 | 32588847 |
| zika virus: learning from the past as we prepare for the future. | | 2020 | 32586516 |
| investigation of the ability of the oviposition-stimulant lectin from moringa oleifera seeds (wsmol) to bind with membrane proteins present in the legs of aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti l. is a vector transmitting diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and zika virus fever. the water-soluble lectin from moringa oleifera lam. seeds (wsmol) is larvicidal, ovicidal and can stimulate oviposition in a. aegypti. this study aimed to investigate whether wsmol could bind to membrane proteins from a. aegypti legs. initially, proteins from the legs were extracted using sodium deoxycholate, digitonin, dodecyl sodium sulfate (sds) or triton x-100. the protein concen ... | 2020 | 32585265 |
| an evaluation of florida's zika response using the who health systems framework: can we apply these lessons to covid-19? | from 2016 to 2018 florida documented 1471 cases of zika virus, 299 of which were pregnant women (florida department of health, https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/mosquito-bornediseases/surveillance.html , 2019a). florida's response required unprecedented rapid and continuous cross-sector communication, adaptation, and coordination. zika tested public health systems in new ways, particularly for maternal child health populations. the systems are now being challenged again, as t ... | 2020 | 32583172 |
| social determinants predicting the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women toward zika virus infection. | objective: to investigate the factors predicting knowledge, attitude, and practices (kap) toward zika virus infection among women population in cebu city, philippines. study design: a cross-sectional survey was conducted from march 2018 to may 2018. ethical practices were followed. a total of 702 women was approached and finally 516 completed the survey. methods: descriptive analysis was undertaken for the participants' characteristics. kolmogorov-smirnov test was applied to declare the nature o ... | 2020 | 32582602 |
| zika virus subgenomic flavivirus rna generation requires cooperativity between duplicated rna structures that are essential for productive infection in human cells. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging flavivirus, mainly transmitted by mosquitoes, which represents a global health threat. a common feature of flavivirus-infected cells is the accumulation of viral noncoding subgenomic rnas by partial degradation of the viral genome, known as sfrnas, involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis. although great effort is being made to understand the mechanism by which these sfrnas function during infection, the picture of how they work is still incomplete. in this st ... | 2020 | 32581095 |
| flavivirus infection associated with cerebrovascular events. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and zika viruses in sao jose do rio preto, são paulo state, brazil, a hyperendemic area f ... | 2020 | 32580374 |
| zika virus envelope - heat shock protein a5 (grp78) binding site prediction. | recent studies reported the association of the zika virus (zikv) with a stress response receptor on the host cell membrane that facilitates viral entry. this host receptor was the heat shock protein a5 (hspa5), also termed glucose-regulating protein 78 (grp78). in this study, structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to suggest the binding site of zikv envelope protein during the interaction with cell-surface grp78. the pep42 cyclic peptide was used as a profiler ... | 2020 | 32579073 |
| modeling inflammation on neurodevelopmental disorders using pluripotent stem cells. | neurodevelopmental disorders (nd) are characterized by an impairment of the nervous system during its development, with a wide variety of phenotypes based on genetic or environmental cues. there are currently several disorders grouped under nd including intellectual disabilities (id), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), and autism spectrum disorders (asd). although nds can have multiple culprits with varied diagnostics, several nds present an inflammatory component. taking advantage ... | 2020 | 32578148 |
| children with congenital zika syndrome: symptoms, comorbidities and gross motor development at 24 months of age. | children with congenital zika syndrome (czs) maintain severe motor impairments at the end of the first year of life. presence of certain symptoms and comorbidities increase these children's vulnerability. | 2020 | 32577556 |
| the activation of antiviral rna interference not only exists in neural progenitor cells but also in somatic cells in mammals. | the rna interference (rnai) pathway directs an important antiviral immunity mechanism in plants and invertebrates. recently, we and others have demonstrated that the antiviral rnai response is also conserved in mammals, at least to five distinct rna viruses, including zika virus (zikv). zikv may preferentially infect neuronal progenitor cells (npcs) in the developing foetal brain. ex vivo zikv infection induces rnai-mediated antiviral response in human npcs, but not in the more differentiated np ... | 2020 | 32576094 |
| zika virus in brazil and worldwide: a narrative review. | in the past 5 years, the zika virus (zikv) has gone from being associated with mild infection to one of the most studied viruses worldwide. between 2015 and 2016, the first reports of pregnant women with confirmed and/or suspected zikv infection described fetuses and newborns with severe congenital malformations, in particular microcephaly and central nervous system malformations, leading to a strong suspicion of its association with the virus. despite all the knowledge rapidly acquired since th ... | 2020 | 32576082 |
| analysis of the socio-environmental vulnerability of black and caucasian pregnant women in salvador, bahia, brazil to the occurrence of microcephaly associated with the congenital syndrome of zika virus. | to understand the occurrence of the congenital zika syndrome (czs), the living conditions of pregnant individuals must be considered in order to identify factors and areas of risk. an intersectional approach provides an understanding of the vulnerabilities to which black women are subjected. to that end, we present an overview of the spatio-temporal distribution of confirmed cases of microcephaly associated with czs during the 2015-2016 period in salvador, bahia, brazil based on a survey of blac ... | 2020 | 32575960 |
| using recombination-dependent lethal mutations to stabilize reporter flaviviruses for rapid serodiagnosis and drug discovery. | many flaviviruses are significant human pathogens that cause global public health threats. developing research tools for studying and diagnosing these pathogens is a top priority. reporter flaviviruses are useful tools for studying viral pathogenesis, diagnosing disease, and screening antiviral compounds. however, the stability of reporter flaviviruses has been challenged by viral rna recombination, leading to deletion of the engineered reporter gene during viral replication. the instability of ... | 2020 | 32574959 |
| 7-deaza-7-fluoro-2'-c-methyladenosine inhibits zika virus infection and viral-induced neuroinflammation. | zika virus (zikv) has gained a lot of attention in the past few years due to its rapid spread worldwide and its close association to severe neurological outcomes, such as microcephaly and guillain-barre syndrome. in this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-zikv activity of 7-deaza-7-fluoro-2'-c-methyl-adenosine (dfma) was evaluated. in vitro, using primary mouse neuronal cells and human neural stem cells infected by zikv, treatment with dfma resulted in impaired viral replication and protection ... | 2020 | 32574688 |
| ubiquitination of zika virus precursor membrane protein promotes the release of viral proteins. | zika virus (zikv) is an important human pathogen associated with severe neurological disorders. ubiquitination of viral proteins has diverse roles in viral life cycle and pathogenesis. here, we found that perturbation of ubiquitin-proteasome system significantly suppressed production of infectious viral particles. moreover, we demonstrated that zikv precursor membrane (prm) protein underwent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. furthermore, we showed that co-expression of e protein with u ... | 2020 | 32574678 |
| audiological findings in children suspected to have been exposed to the zika virus in the intrauterine period. | to evaluate auditory manifestations in children born to mothers who had exanthema during pregnancy, suspected to have been exposed to the zika virus (zikv). | 2020 | 32569146 |
| zika virus detection with 2013 serosurvey, mombasa, kenya. | acute zika virus (zikv) infection has not been confirmed in kenya. in 2018, we used specimens collected in a 2013 dengue serosurvey study in mombasa to test for zikv igm. we confirmed specific zikv igm positivity in 5 persons. these results suggest recent zikv transmission in the coastal region of kenya. | 2020 | 32568041 |
| reverse genetic approaches for the development of zika vaccines and therapeutics. | in 2015-2016, the little known zika virus (zikv) caused an epidemic, in which it became recognized as a unique human pathogen associated with a range of devastating congenital abnormalities collectively categorized as congenital zika syndrome (czs). in adults, the virus can trigger the autoimmune disorder guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), characterized by ascending paralysis. in february 2016, the world health organization (who) declared zikv to be a public health emergency of international concern ... | 2020 | 32563700 |
| prevalence of locally undetected acute infections of flaviviruses in north-eastern nigeria. | the burden of arboviral infections is largely underestimated in africa, particularly in north-eastern nigeria. a total of 200 serum samples were collected from patients exhibiting febrile illness who visited the state specialist hospital in maiduguri for medical attention between march and april 2018. sera were tested for flavivirus rna by a pan-flaviviral primer set using hemi-nested rt pcr. twenty-six samples were positive for flaviviral rna and sequence analysis indicated a high number of wes ... | 2020 | 32561377 |
| rig-i plays a dominant role in the induction of transcriptional changes in zika virus-infected cells, which protect from virus-induced cell death. | the zika virus (zikv) has received much attention due to an alarming increase in cases of neurological disorders including congenital zika syndrome associated with infection. to date, there is no effective treatment available. an immediate response by the innate immune system is crucial for effective control of the virus. using crispr/cas9-mediated knockouts in a549 cells, we investigated the individual contributions of the rig-i-like receptors mda5 and rig-i to zikv sensing and control of this ... | 2020 | 32560274 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of zika virus envelope domain iii in dna, protein, and chadox1 adenoviral-vectored vaccines. | the flavivirus envelope protein domain iii (ediii) was an effective immunogen against dengue virus (denv) and other related flaviviruses. whether this can be applied to the zika virus (zikv) vaccinology remains an open question. here, we tested the efficacy of zikv-ediii against zikv infection, using several vaccine platforms that present the antigen in various ways. we provide data demonstrating that mice vaccinated with a zikv-ediii as dna or protein-based vaccines failed to raise fully neutra ... | 2020 | 32560145 |
| the battle against covid 19 pandemic: what we need to know before we "test fire" ivermectin. | the world is faced with the dire challenge of finding an effective treatment against the rampaging covid 19 pandemic. amidst the crisis, reports of in vitro inhibitory activity of ivermectin, an approved anthelmintic, against the causative sarscov2 virus, have generated lot of optimism. in this article, we have fished and compiled the needed information on the drug, that will help readers and prospective investigators in having a quick overview. though the primordial biological action of the dru ... | 2020 | 32559771 |
| inverse association between dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus infection and indicators of household air pollution in santa rosa, guatemala: a case-control study, 2011-2018. | dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses are increasingly important public health problems. burning vegetation, leaves, and other plant products have been shown to be effective mosquito repellents for their vector, aedes spp., but there has been scant research on whether firewood cooking smoke in households influences mosquito populations or mosquito-borne diseases. about 2.9 billion people worldwide use biomass fuel for household cooking and heating, resulting in an estimated 1.6 million deaths an ... | 2020 | 32559225 |
| [zika virus embryopathy in argentina: clinical characteristics in newborns]. | microcephaly and brain abnormalities may be due to multiple etiologies, one of them is the congenital infection by zika virus (zikv). from 2016 to the present, there has been a series of zikv outbreaks in argentina. | 2020 | 32558512 |
| sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with zika virus and mother to infant transfer of zika-specific antibodies. | evaluation of zika virus (zikv)-specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to zikv. | 2020 | 32557984 |
| t cell immunity rather than antibody mediates cross-protection against zika virus infection conferred by a live attenuated japanese encephalitis sa14-14-2 vaccine. | zika virus (zikv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) are closely related to mosquito-borne flaviviruses. japanese encephalitis (je) vaccine sa14-14-2 has been in the chinese national expanded program on immunization since 2007. the recent recognition of severe disease syndromes associated with zikv, and the identification of zikv from mosquitoes in china, prompts an urgent need to investigate the potential interaction between the two. in this study, we showed that sa14-14-2 is protective agai ... | 2020 | 32556415 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus and dna vaccines expressing zika virus nonstructural protein 1 induce substantial but not sterilizing protection against zika virus infection. | the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of several flaviviruses, including west nile, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, is capable of inducing variable degrees of protection against flavivirus infection in animal models. however, the immunogenicity of ns1 protein of zika virus (zikv) is less understood. here, we determined the efficacy of zikv ns1-based vaccine candidates using two delivery platforms, methyltransferase-defective recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (mtdvsv) and a dna vaccine. we fir ... | 2020 | 32554698 |
| investigating the utility of google trends for zika and chikungunya surveillance in venezuela. | chikungunya and zika virus are vector-borne diseases responsible for a substantial disease burden in the americas. between 2013 and 2016, no cases of chikungunya or zika virus were reported by the venezuelan ministry of health. however, peaks of undiagnosed fever cases have been observed during the same period. in the context of scarce data, alternative surveillance methods are needed. assuming that unusual peaks of acute fever cases correspond to the incidences of both diseases, this study aims ... | 2020 | 32546159 |
| zika virus in west africa: a seroepidemiological study between 2007 and 2012. | according to the world health organization, the entire african continent is at risk of a zika outbreak. to increase data availability on the epidemiology of zika virus circulation in africa, we evaluated the immunity to zika virus in a selected cohort of subjects from west africa between 2007 and 2012. human serum samples were collected in 2007 and in 2011/2012 from a cohort of 2-29-year-old subjects from mali, senegal, and the gambia. a sample that tested positive by zika virus igg elisa and by ... | 2020 | 32545775 |
| peli1 signaling blockade attenuates congenital zika syndrome. | zika virus (zikv) infects pregnant women and causes devastating congenital zika syndrome (czs). how the virus is vertically transmitted to the fetus and induces neuronal loss remains unclear. we previously reported that pellino (peli)1, an e3 ubiquitin ligase, promotes p38mapk activation in microglia and induction of lethal encephalitis by facilitating the replication of west nile virus (wnv), a closely related flavivirus. here, we found that peli1 expression was induced on zikv-infected human m ... | 2020 | 32544190 |
| construction and characterization of uaa-controlled recombinant zika virus by genetic code expansion. | | 2020 | 32542514 |
| rapid decline of zika virus ns1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern brazil. | zika virus (zikv) is a positive-stranded rna virus within the flaviviridae family. after decades of circulation in asia, zikv was introduced to brazil in 2014-2015, associated with a rise in congenital malformations. unlike the genetically related dengue virus (denv), zikv constitutes only one serotype. although assumed that zikv infection may engender lifelong immunity, the long-term kinetics of zikv antibody responses are unclear. we assessed long-term kinetics of zikv ns1-igg response in 144 ... | 2020 | 32542479 |
| age-structured vectorial capacity reveals timing, not magnitude of within-mosquito dynamics is critical for arbovirus fitness assessment. | transmission dynamics of arboviruses like zika virus are often evaluated by vector competence (the proportion of infectious vectors given exposure) and the extrinsic incubation period (eip, the time it takes for a vector to become infectious), but vector age is another critical driver of transmission dynamics. vectorial capacity (vc) is a measure of transmission potential of a vector-pathogen system, but how these three components, eip, vector competence and vector age, affect vc in concert stil ... | 2020 | 32539759 |
| vector competence analyses on aedes aegypti mosquitoes using zika virus. | the procedures presented describe a generalized methodology to infect aedes aegypti mosquitoes with zika virus under laboratory conditions to determine the rate of infection, disseminated infection, and potential transmission of the virus in the mosquito population in question. these procedures are widely utilized with various modifications in vector competence evaluations globally. they are important in determining the potential role that a given mosquito (i.e., species, population, individual) ... | 2020 | 32538904 |
| performance of eastern mediterranean region laboratories in the world health organization external quality assessment programme for arbovirus diagnostics. | arboviruses such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, zika virus and chikungunya virus are major threats to human health globally, including countries in the eastern mediterranean region (emr). | 2020 | 32538457 |
| a simple and high-throughput elisa-based neutralization assay for the determination of anti-flavivirus neutralizing antibodies. | mosquito-borne flavivirus infections, including dengue virus and zika virus, are major public health threats globally. while the plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) is considered the gold standard for determining neutralizing antibody levels to flaviviruses, the assay is time-consuming and laborious. this study, therefore, aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-based microneutralization test (emnt) for the detection of neutralizing antibodies to mosquito-borne flav ... | 2020 | 32532141 |
| a to z of zika virus: a comprehensive review for clinicians. | since its first outbreak in 2007 in the pacific (yap islands and federal states of micronesia), zika virus has gradually and recently spread to the americas in 2015. the neurotropic character of the virus was first noted during this outbreak in brazil in 2015. increasing number of infants born with microcephaly and other congenital deformities were identified through studies that have highlighted the importance of prevention of transmission of zika virus in pregnant women. long-term outcomes in ... | 2020 | 32529004 |
| knowledge, awareness, and perception of community pharmacists to zika virus infection in klang valley, malaysia. | zika fever is a mosquito-borne disease with global health concern. it has been underreported or misdiagnosed due to its unspecific clinical manifestations, including mild-influenza like and subclinical symptoms. however, its associated serious complications which include fetal microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome remained a challenge to the public health sectors. this research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and perception toward zika virus infection among community pharmacists i ... | 2020 | 32528223 |
| metabolic reprogramming by zika virus provokes inflammation in human placenta. | the recent outbreak of zika virus (zikv) was associated with birth defects and pregnancy loss when maternal infection occurs in early pregnancy, but specific mechanisms driving placental insufficiency and subsequent zikv-mediated pathogenesis remain unclear. here we show, using large scale metabolomics, that zikv infection reprograms placental lipidome by impairing the lipogenesis pathways. zikv-induced metabolic alterations provide building blocks for lipid droplet biogenesis and intracellular ... | 2020 | 32528049 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of the anti-zika virus activity of protides of 2'-c-β-methylguanosine. | the protide approach has emerged as a powerful tool to improve the intracellular delivery of nucleotide analogs with antiviral and anticancer activity. here, we characterized the anti-zikv (zikv, zika virus) activity of two protides of 2'-c-β-methylguanosine. protide umn-1001 is a 2'-c-β-methylguanosine tryptamine phosphoramidate monoester, and protide umn-1002 is a 2-(methylthio)-ethyl-2'-c-β-methylguanosine tryptamine phosphoramidate diester. umn-1002 undergoes stepwise intracellular activatio ... | 2020 | 32525653 |
| vertical transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti produces potentially infectious progeny. | vertical transmission, or pathogen transfer from female to offspring, can facilitate the persistence of emerging arboviruses, such as zika virus (zikv), through periods of low horizontal transmission or adverse environmental conditions. we aimed at determining the rate of vertical transmission for zikv in its principal vector, aedes aegypti, and the vector competence of vertically infected progeny. aedes aegypti females that consumed a blood meal provisioned with zikv were maintained under three ... | 2020 | 32524954 |
| protein- and peptide-based virus inactivators: inactivating viruses before their entry into cells. | infectious diseases caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other highly pathogenic enveloped viruses, have threatened the global public health. most antiviral drugs act as passive defenders to inhibit viral replication inside the cell, while a few of them function as gate keepers to combat viruses outside the cell, including fusion inhibitors, e.g., enfuvirtide, and receptor antagonists, e.g., maraviroc, as well as virus inactivators (including attachment inhibitors). different from fu ... | 2020 | 32523582 |
| persistent zika virus clinical susceptibility despite reduced viral burden in mice with expanded virus-specific cd8+ t cells primed by recombinant listeria monocytogenes. | vaccines against zika virus (zikv) infection that target cd8+ t cells are of considerable interest because abs may enhance infection susceptibility. however, whether cd8+ t cells are protective or promote susceptibility to clinical infection symptoms remains uncertain. to more precisely investigate zikv-specific cd8+ t cells in isolation, we engineered a listeria monocytogenes-based vector to express a single mhc class i-restricted immune dominant peptide, e294-302, from zikv envelope protein. w ... | 2020 | 32522837 |
| performance of an automated zika igg immunoassay in the detection of zika igg specific antibodies-a validation approach in samples from prevalence areas and non-endemic countries. | the diagnosis of zika virus infection is complicated and includes testing for nucleic acids and igm and igg antibodies, depending on the stage of infection. zika igg is an important marker of infection after the acute stage; however, igg assays can lack specificity due to the similarities between zika and other flaviviruses. in this study, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the elecsys® zika igg assay were assessed in 496 samples from zika endemic regions, and specificity only was ass ... | 2020 | 32521651 |
| emergence of arboviruses in the united states: the boom and bust of funding, innovation, and capacity. | mosquito-borne viruses will continue to emerge and generate a significant public health burden around the globe. here, we provide a longitudinal perspective on how the emergence of mosquito-borne viruses in the americas has triggered reactionary funding by sponsored agencies, stimulating a number of publications, innovative development of traps, and augmented capacity. we discuss the return on investment (roi) from the oscillation in federal funding that influences demand for surveillance and co ... | 2020 | 32517268 |
| antiviral activity of compound l3 against dengue and zika viruses in vitro and in vivo. | dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause severe illness after infection. currently, there are no specific or effective treatments against denv and zikv. previous studies have shown that tyrosine kinase activities and signal transduction are involved in flavivirus replication, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for denv and zikv. in this study, we found that compound l3 can significantly reduce viral protein expression and viral titers in hek-2 ... | 2020 | 32517029 |
| insecticide resistance, fitness and susceptibility to zika infection of an interbred aedes aegypti population from rio de janeiro, brazil. | aedes aegypti is a vector of high relevance, since it transmits several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. studies on vector biology are usually conducted with laboratory strains presenting a divergent genetic composition from field populations. this may impair vector control policies that were based on laboratory observations employing only long maintained laboratory strains. in the present study we characterized a laboratory strain interbreed with ae. aegypti collected from f ... | 2020 | 32513248 |
| entomological surveillance for zika and dengue virus in aedes mosquitoes: implications for vector control in thailand. | entomological surveillance for arthropod-borne viruses is vital for monitoring vector-borne diseases and informing vector control programs. in this study, we conducted entomological surveillance in zika virus endemic areas. in thailand, it is standard protocol to perform mosquito control within 24 h of a reported dengue case. aedes females were collected within 72 h of case reports from villages with recent zika-human cases in kamphaeng phet province, thailand in 2017 and 2018. mosquitoes were b ... | 2020 | 32512828 |
| evaluation of virotrack sero zika igg/igm, a new rapid and quantitative zika serological diagnostic assay. | dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv) belong to the flavivirus genus and are antigenically closely related. they also share the same mosquito vector and can cause similar symptoms upon infection. however, denv and zikv infections lead to different clinical sequelae and treatments; therefore, clinicians need rapid and accurate diagnostics capable of distinguishing between the two diseases. | 2020 | 32512812 |
| zika virus dysregulates human sertoli cell proteins involved in spermatogenesis with little effect on tight junctions. | zika virus (zikv), a neglected tropical disease until its re-emergence in 2007, causes microcephaly in infants and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. its re-emergence and spread to more than 80 countries led the world health organization in 2016 to declare a public health emergency. zikv is mainly transmitted by mosquitos, but can persist in infected human male semen for prolonged periods and may be sexually transmitted. testicular sertoli cells support zikv replication and may be a reservoir fo ... | 2020 | 32511241 |