| high hiv incidence epidemic among men who have sex with men in china: results from a multi-site cross-sectional study. | recent upsurge of new hiv infections among men who have sex with men (msm) is a major concern in china. paucity of national-level information regarding the burden and predictors of this progressive epidemic of new infections called for a multi-centric, timely and comprehensive investigation. | 2016 | 27593703 |
| incidence of and temporal relationships between hiv, herpes simplex ii virus, and syphilis among men who have sex with men in bangkok, thailand: an observational cohort. | high hiv incidence has been detected among men who have sex with men (msm) in thailand, but the relationship and timing of hiv, herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), and syphilis is unknown. this analysis measures incidence, temporal relationships, and risk factors for hiv, hsv-2, and syphilis among at-risk msm in the bangkok msm cohort study. | 2016 | 27449012 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted viral and bacterial infections in hiv-positive and hiv-negative men who have sex with men in toronto. | hepatitis b (hbv), hepatitis c (hcv) and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) have been associated with hiv transmission risk and disease progression among gay men and other men who have sex with men (msm), but the frequency and distribution of stis in this community in canada has not been extensively studied. | 2016 | 27391265 |
| increased expression of herpes virus-encoded hsv1-mir-h18 and hsv2-mir-h9-5p in cancer-containing prostate tissue compared to that in benign prostate hyperplasia tissue. | previously, we reported the presence of virus-encoded micrornas (mirnas) in the urine of prostate cancer (cap) patients. in this study, we investigated the expression of two herpes virus-encoded mirnas in prostate tissue. | 2016 | 27377944 |
| the association between cervical human papillomavirus infection and subsequent hiv acquisition in tanzanian and ugandan women: a nested case-control study. | this study was performed to analyze the associations between cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition, using cervical samples from previous studies in tanzania and uganda. | 2016 | 26951818 |
| chlamydial pre-infection protects from subsequent herpes simplex virus-2 challenge in a murine vaginal super-infection model. | chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) genital tract co-infections have been reported in humans and studied in vitro but the clinical consequences are unknown. limited epidemiologic evidence suggests that these co-infections could be more severe than single infections of either pathogen, but the host-pathogen interactions during co-infection remain uncharacterized. to determine whether disease progression and/or pathogen shedding differs between singly-infected and super-infect ... | 2016 | 26726882 |
| use of staged molecular analysis to determine causes of unexplained central nervous system infections. | no agent is implicated in most central nervous system (cns) infections. to investigate cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cns infections of unknown cause in 1 hospital in taiwan, we used a staged molecular approach, incorporating techniques including multiplex masstag pcr, 16s rrna pcr, dna microarray, and high-throughput pyrosequencing. we determined the infectious agent for 31 (24%) of 131 previously negative samples. candidate pathogens were identified for 25 (27%) of 94 unexplain ... | 2013 | 23965845 |
| foxp3(+) regulatory t cells, immune stimulation and host defence against infection. | the immune system is intricately regulated allowing potent effectors to expand and become rapidly mobilized after infection, while simultaneously silencing potentially detrimental responses that averts immune-mediated damage to host tissues. this relies in large part on the delicate interplay between immune suppressive regulatory cd4(+) t (treg) cells and immune effectors that without active suppression by treg cells cause systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. although these beneficial roles ... | 2012 | 22211994 |
| complement opsonization promotes herpes simplex virus 2 infection of human dendritic cells. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally, with a very high prevalence in many countries. during hsv-2 infection, viral particles become coated with complement proteins and antibodies, both present in genital fluids, which could influence the activation of immune responses. in genital mucosa, the primary target cells for hsv-2 infection are epithelial cells, but resident immune cells, such as dendritic cells (dcs), are also infected. dcs ar ... | 2016 | 26937039 |
| role of bacterial exopolysaccharides as agents in counteracting immune disorders induced by herpes virus. | extreme marine environments, such as the submarine shallow vents of the eolian islands (italy), offer an almost unexplored source of microorganisms producing unexploited and promising biomolecules for pharmaceutical applications. thermophilic and thermotolerant bacilli isolated from eolian vents are able to produce exopolysaccharides (epss) with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). hsv-2 is responsible for the most common and continuously increasing ... | 2015 | 27682100 |
| changes in the soluble mucosal immune environment during genital herpes outbreaks. | genital tract secretions provide variable inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) ex vivo. we hypothesize that the anti-hsv activity may prevent the spread of virus from the more commonly affected sites, such as the external genitalia, to the upper genital tract. | 2012 | 22820806 |
| bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male hiv-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among african couples. | bacterial vaginosis (bv), a disruption of the normal vaginal flora, has been associated with a 60% increased risk of hiv-1 acquisition in women and higher concentration of hiv-1 rna in the genital tract of hiv-1-infected women. however, whether bv, which is present in up to half of african hiv-1-infected women, is associated with an increase in hiv-1 transmission to male partners has not been assessed in previous studies. | 2012 | 22745608 |
| the effect of medical male circumcision on urogenital mycoplasma genitalium among men in kisumu, kenya. | we determined the prevalence of urethral mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection and whether infection was associated with circumcision status among men enrolled in the randomized trial of medical male circumcision to prevent hiv acquisition in kisumu, kenya. | 2012 | 22421693 |
| incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases the risk of subsequent episodes of bacterial vaginosis. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infected women have a higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) compared to hsv-2-seronegative women. to explore the temporal association between these conditions, we evaluated the frequency of bv episodes before and after hsv-2 acquisition in a prospective study of 406 hsv-2/hiv-1-seronegative kenyan women, of whom 164 acquired hsv-2. incident hsv-2 was associated with increased likelihood of bv (adjusted or, 1.28; 95% ci, 1.05-1.56; p = .01). our finding ... | 2013 | 24273042 |
| the epidemiology of sexually transmitted co-infections in hiv-positive and hiv-negative african-caribbean women in toronto. | hiv disproportionately affects african-caribbean women in canada but the frequency and distribution of sexually transmitted infections in this community have not been previously studied. | 2013 | 24238493 |
| male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections. | randomized trials have demonstrated that male circumcision (mc) reduces heterosexual acquisition of hiv, herpes simplex virus type 2, human papillomavirus (hpv), and genital ulcer disease among men, and it reduces hpv, genital ulcer disease, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis among female partners. the pathophysiology behind these effects is multifactorial, relying on anatomic and cellular changes. mc is cost effective and potentially cost saving in both the united states and africa. the wo ... | 2013 | 24111891 |
| the role of sexually transmitted infections in hiv-1 progression: a comprehensive review of the literature. | due to shared routes of infection, hiv-infected persons are frequently coinfected with other sexually transmitted infections (stis). studies have demonstrated the bidirectional relationships between hiv and several stis, including herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2), hepatitis b and c viruses, human papilloma virus, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas. hiv-1 may affect the clinical presentation, treatment outcome, and progression of stis, such as syphilis, hsv-2, and hepatitis b and c vir ... | 2013 | 26316953 |
| high-dose valacyclovir decreases plasma hiv-1 rna more than standard-dose acyclovir in persons coinfected with hiv-1 and hsv-2: a randomized crossover trial. | standard doses of herpes simplex virus (hsv) suppressive therapy reduce plasma hiv-1 rna levels (0.25-0.53 log10 copies per milliliter) among hiv-1/hsv-2 coinfected persons. postulated mechanisms for this effect include direct inhibition of hiv-1 by acyclovir or indirect reduction by decreasing hsv-associated inflammation. we hypothesized that high-dose valacyclovir would further reduce plasma hiv-1 rna and that the effect would be mediated by greater suppression of hsv shedding. | 2013 | 23542637 |
| partner characteristics predicting hiv-1 set point in sexually acquired hiv-1 among african seroconverters. | plasma hiv-1 rna set point is an important predictor of hiv-1 disease progression. we hypothesized that inoculum size and hiv-1 exposure prior to hiv-1 transmission may modulate set point. we evaluated predictors of set point among 141 african hiv-1 seroconverters and their hiv-1-infected study partners. we compared characteristics of seroconverters and their hiv-1-infected partners and hiv-1 set point. data were from a clinical trial of genital hsv-2 suppression with acyclovir to reduce hiv-1 t ... | 2013 | 23061422 |
| hiv/sti risk-reduction intervention efficacy with south african adolescents over 54 months. | little research has tested hiv/sexually transmitted infection (sti) risk-reduction interventions' effects on early adolescents as they age into middle and late adolescence. this study tested whether intervention-induced reductions in unprotected intercourse during a 12-month period endured over a 54-month period and whether the intervention reduced the prevalence of stis, which increase risk for hiv. | 2014 | 25110841 |
| clinical trials using the shang ring device for male circumcision in africa: a review. | male circumcision (mc) reduces the risk of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis), including human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and is recommended as an important component of a comprehensive package of hiv prevention interventions. while computer modeling has demonstrated that substantial reductions in hiv could be achieved with rapid scale-up of mc services in sub-saharan africa, scale-up has lagged due to scarcity of trained providers coupled wit ... | 2014 | 26816759 |
| disparities and risks of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men in china: a meta-analysis and data synthesis. | sexually transmitted infections (stis), including hepatitis b and c virus, are emerging public health risks in china, especially among men who have sex with men (msm). this study aims to assess the magnitude and risks of stis among chinese msm. | 2014 | 24587152 |
| cervicovaginal hiv-1 shedding in women taking antiretroviral therapy in burkina faso: a longitudinal study. | antiretroviral therapy (art) reduces transmission of hiv-1. however, genital hiv-1 can be detected in patients on art. we analyzed factors associated with genital hiv-1 shedding among high-risk women on art in burkina faso. | 2014 | 24226060 |
| high rate of β-globin dna detection validates self-sampling in herpes simplex virus shedding studies. | self-sampling is a convenient, feasible, and acceptable way of collecting genital specimens, but the veracity of reported self-collection is difficult to verify. we investigated whether a host gene, β-globin, can be used to confirm adequacy of self-collected mucosal and skin genital specimens in studies of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. | 2015 | 26562701 |
| a 15-year study of the impact of community antiretroviral therapy coverage on hiv incidence in kenyan female sex workers. | to test the hypothesis that increasing community antiretroviral therapy (art) coverage would be associated with lower hiv incidence in female sex workers (fsws) in mombasa district, kenya. | 2015 | 26237099 |
| relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local t helper type 17 cells. | t helper type 17 (th17) cells play an important role in immunity to fungal and bacterial pathogens, although their role in the female genital tract, where exposure to these pathogens is common, is not well understood. we investigated the relationship between female genital tract infections, cervicovaginal interleukin-17 (il-17) concentrations and th17 cell frequencies. forty-two cytokines were measured in cervicovaginal lavages from hiv-uninfected and hiv-infected women. frequencies of th17 cell ... | 2015 | 26302175 |
| herpes simplex virus type-2 cervicovaginal shedding among women living with hiv-1 and receiving antiretroviral therapy in burkina faso: an 8-year longitudinal study. | the impact of antiretroviral therapy (art) on herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) replication is unclear. the aim of this study was to assess factors associated with cervicovaginal hsv-2 dna shedding and genital ulcer disease (gud) in a cohort of women living with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) in burkina faso. | 2015 | 26475931 |
| combination antiretroviral therapy for hiv in rwandan adults: clinical outcomes and impact on reproductive health up to 24 months. | adult women (n = 113) and men (n = 100) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) and women not yet eligible for cart (n = 199) in kigali, rwanda, were followed for 6-24 months between 2007 and 2010. in the cart groups, 21% of patients required a drug change due to side effects and 11% of patients had virological failure (defined as >1,000 hiv rna copies/ml) after 12 months of cart. about a third of the pregnancies since hiv diagnosis were unintended. the proportion of women in the pr ... | 2015 | 26257954 |
| evaluating hiv prevention programs: herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies as biomarker for sexual risk behavior in young adults in resource-poor countries. | measuring effectiveness of hiv prevention interventions is challenged by bias when using self-reported knowledge, attitude or behavior change. hiv incidence is an objective marker to measure effectiveness of hiv prevention interventions, however, because new infection rates are relatively low, prevention studies require large sample sizes. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is similarly transmitted and more prevalent and could thus serve as a proxy marker for sexual risk behavior and therefore ... | 2015 | 26010772 |
| socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with hsv-2 sero-prevalence in high risk women in kwazulu-natal. | the world health organization estimates that 536 million people aged 15-49 are infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), the causative agent of genital herpes. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of behavioral and demographic factors that contribute to the high hsv-2 sero-prevalence among women participating in a hiv prevention trial. the methods for improving reproductive health in africa (mira) study assessed the effectiveness the latex diaphragm and lubricant gel on hiv ... | 2015 | 25940115 |
| sexually transmitted infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom-related outcomes: results from the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. | to examine whether a history of sexually transmitted infections (stis) or positive sti serology is associated with prevalent and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph)/lower urinary tract symptoms (luts)-related outcomes in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. | 2015 | 25601300 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including hiv in street-connected adolescents in western kenya. | the objectives of this study were to characterise the sexual health of street-connected adolescents in eldoret, kenya, analyse gender disparity of risks, estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and identify factors associated with stis. | 2015 | 25714102 |
| hormonal contraception and the risk of hiv acquisition: an individual participant data meta-analysis. | observational studies of a putative association between hormonal contraception (hc) and hiv acquisition have produced conflicting results. we conducted an individual participant data (ipd) meta-analysis of studies from sub-saharan africa to compare the incidence of hiv infection in women using combined oral contraceptives (cocs) or the injectable progestins depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) or norethisterone enanthate (net-en) with women not using hc. | 2015 | 25612136 |
| global estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in 2012. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection causes significant disease globally. adolescent and adult infection may present as painful genital ulcers. neonatal infection has high morbidity and mortality. additionally, hsv-2 likely contributes substantially to the spread of hiv infection. the global burden of hsv-2 infection was last estimated for 2003. here we present new global estimates for 2012 of the burden of prevalent (existing) and incident (new) hsv-2 infection among females and males ... | 2015 | 25608026 |
| first description of herpes simplex virus type 1 epididymo-orchitis: a new clinical form of herpes simplex virus infection during septic shock? | genital herpes is increasingly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), but recurrences are less frequent than with hsv-2. distinguishing between primary genital infection and reactivation can be difficult, but hsv-1 more often causes severe primary infections and fewer recurrences. however, as virus reactivation is common during septic shock, a severe form of hsv-1 reactivation can occur in locations other than the lungs, which remain the most common site. the case of a 79-year-old caucas ... | 2016 | 27672563 |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel increase genital mucosal permeability and enhance susceptibility to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) is a hormonal contraceptive especially popular in areas with high prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (sti). although observational studies identify dmpa as an important sti risk factor, mechanisms underlying this connection are undefined. levonorgestrel (lng) is another progestin used for hormonal contraception, but its effect on sti susceptibility is much less explored. using a mouse model of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 ( ... | 2016 | 27007679 |
| bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. since the initial work of leopoldo in 1953 and gardner and dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of bv. there is increasing evidence, however, that bv occurs when lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as gardenella vaginalis, mobiluncus curtisii, m. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or m ... | 2016 | 26877884 |
| genome-wide prediction of vaccine targets for human herpes simplex viruses using vaxign reverse vaccinology. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are the most common infectious agents of humans. no safe and effective hsv vaccines have been licensed. reverse vaccinology is an emerging and revolutionary vaccine development strategy that starts with the prediction of vaccine targets by informatics analysis of genome sequences. vaxign (http://www.violinet.org/vaxign) is the first web-based vaccine design program based on reverse vaccinology. in this study, we used vaxign to analyze 52 ... | 2013 | 23514126 |
| etiologic agents of central nervous system infections among febrile hospitalized patients in the country of georgia. | there is a large spectrum of viral, bacterial, fungal, and prion pathogens that cause central nervous system (cns) infections. as such, identification of the etiological agent requires multiple laboratory tests and accurate diagnosis requires clinical and epidemiological information. this hospital-based study aimed to determine the main causes of acute meningitis and encephalitis and enhance laboratory capacity for cns infection diagnosis. | 2014 | 25369023 |
| development and validation of a laboratory-developed multiplex real-time pcr assay on the bd max system for detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus dna in various clinical specimens. | a multiplex real-time pcr (quantitative pcr [qpcr]) assay detecting herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna together with an internal control was developed on the bd max platform combining automated dna extraction and an open amplification procedure. its performance was compared to those of pcr assays routinely used in the laboratory, namely, a laboratory-developed test for hsv dna on the lightcycler instrument and a test using a commercial master mix for vzv dna on the a ... | 2015 | 25878344 |
| etiologies and management of aseptic meningitis in patients admitted to an internal medicine department. | several studies have focused on the clinical and biological characteristics of meningitis in order to distinguish between bacterial and viral meningitis in the emergency setting. however, little is known about the etiologies and outcomes of aseptic meningitis in patients admitted to internal medicine.the aim of the study is to describe the etiologies, characteristics, and outcomes of aseptic meningitis with or without encephalitis in adults admitted to an internal medicine department.a retrospec ... | 2016 | 26765411 |
| clinical and corneal microbial profile of infectious keratitis in a high hiv prevalence setting in rural south africa. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine the clinical and corneal microbial profile of infectious keratitis in a high human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence setting in rural south africa. data in this cross-sectional study were collected from patients presenting with symptoms of infectious keratitis (n = 46) at the ophthalmology outpatient department of three hospitals in rural south africa. corneal swabs were tested for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), varicel ... | 2016 | 27236644 |
| theaflavin-3,3'-digallate and lactic acid combinations reduce herpes simplex virus infectivity. | the present study examined the efficacy of using multiple mechanisms as part of a topical microbicide to inactivate herpes simplex virus (hsv) by combining theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf-3) and lactic acid (la) over the ph range of 4.0 to 5.7 to mimic conditions in the female reproductive tract. six clinical isolates of hsv-2 and two clinical isolates of hsv-1 were almost completely inactivated when tf-3 (100 μm) was present with la over the ph range of 4.5 to 5.7, whereas four additional hsv-1 c ... | 2013 | 23716050 |
| herpes simplex virus 2 infection impacts stress granule accumulation. | interference with stress granule (sg) accumulation is gaining increased appreciation as a common strategy used by diverse viruses to facilitate their replication and to cope with translational arrest. here, we examined the impact of infection by herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) on sg accumulation by monitoring the localization of the sg components t cell internal antigen 1 (tia-1), ras-gtpase-activating sh3-domain-binding protein (g3bp), and poly(a)-binding protein (pabp). our results indicate tha ... | 2012 | 22623775 |
| ifn-ε protects primary macrophages against hiv infection. | ifn-ε is a unique type i ifn that is not induced by pattern recognition response elements. ifn-ε is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues, including the female genital mucosa. although the direct antiviral activity of ifn-ε was thought to be weak compared with ifn-α, ifn-ε controls chlamydia muridarum and herpes simplex virus 2 in mice, possibly through modulation of immune response. we show here that ifn-ε induces an antiviral state in human macrophages that blocks hiv-1 replication. ifn- ... | 2016 | 27942584 |
| cdk9 inhibitor fit-039 prevents replication of multiple dna viruses. | a wide range of antiviral drugs is currently available; however, drug-resistant viruses have begun to emerge and represent a potential public health risk. here, we explored the use of compounds that inhibit or interfere with the action of essential host factors to prevent virus replication. in particular, we focused on the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) inhibitor, fit-039, which suppressed replication of a broad spectrum of dna viruses through inhibition of mrna transcription. specifically, fi ... | 2014 | 25003190 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis: an uncommon presentation. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis is an uncommon illness, with about 2 cases per 250,000 per year. most are caused by hsv-1, with 10% having hsv-2 as the aetiologic factor. we present a case of herpes simplex type1encephalitis in a 70 year old male with an uncommon presentation. the patient was a known case of endogenous depression with no medical records and on no treatment for the same, reported with acute changes in mental state for the past five days. he was talking irrelevantly, had h ... | 2016 | 27437286 |
| dynasore disrupts trafficking of herpes simplex virus proteins. | dynasore, a small-molecule inhibitor of the gtpase activity of dynamin, inhibits the entry of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus (hsv), but its impact on other steps in the viral life cycle has not been delineated. the current study was designed to test the hypothesis that dynamin is required for viral protein trafficking and thus has pleiotropic inhibitory effects on hsv infection. dynasore inhibited hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection of human epithelial and neuronal cells, including primar ... | 2015 | 25878109 |
| pharmacokinetics of the antiviral lectin griffithsin administered by different routes indicates multiple potential uses. | griffithsin (grft) is a red alga-derived lectin with demonstrated broad spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2). however, its pharmacokinetic profile remains largely undefined. here, sprague dawley rats were administered a single dose of grft at 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous routes, respectively, ... | 2016 | 27999325 |
| a novel dna vaccine technology conveying protection against a lethal herpes simplex viral challenge in mice. | while there are a number of licensed veterinary dna vaccines, to date, none have been licensed for use in humans. here, we demonstrate that a novel technology designed to enhance the immunogenicity of dna vaccines protects against lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) challenge in a murine model. polynucleotides were modified by use of a codon optimization algorithm designed to enhance immune responses, and the addition of an ubiquitin-encoding sequence to target the antigen to the proteasome fo ... | 2013 | 24098493 |
| tlr3 deficiency renders astrocytes permissive to herpes simplex virus infection and facilitates establishment of cns infection in mice. | herpes simplex viruses (hsvs) are highly prevalent neurotropic viruses. while they can replicate lytically in cells of the epithelial lineage, causing lesions on mucocutaneous surfaces, hsvs also establish latent infections in neurons, which act as reservoirs of virus for subsequent reactivation events. immunological control of hsv involves activation of innate immune pattern-recognition receptors such as tlr3, which detects double-stranded rna and induces type i ifn expression. humans with defe ... | 2012 | 22426207 |
| in vitro virology profile of tenofovir alafenamide, a novel oral prodrug of tenofovir with improved antiviral activity compared to that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. | tenofovir alafenamide (taf) is an investigational oral prodrug of the hiv-1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir (tfv). tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tdf) is another tfv prodrug, widely used for the treatment of hiv-1 infection. taf is converted mostly intracellularly to tfv and, in comparison to tdf, achieves higher tenofovir diphosphate (tfv-dp) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. as a result, taf has demonstrated potent anti-hiv-1 activity at lower doses than tdf in ... | 2015 | 26149992 |
| silencing herpes simplex virus type 1 capsid protein encoding genes by sirna: a promising antiviral therapeutic approach. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a member of the herpesviridae, causes a variety of human viral diseases globally. although a series of antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of infection and suppression of dissemination, hsv-1 remains highly prevalent worldwide. therefore, the development of novel antiviral agents with different mechanisms of action is a matter of extreme urgency. during the proliferation of hsv-1, capsid assembly is essential for viral growth, and it is highly con ... | 2014 | 24794394 |
| poly (i:c), an agonist of toll-like receptor-3, inhibits replication of the chikungunya virus in beas-2b cells. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) and its mimic, polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid [poly (i:c)], are recognized by toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) and induce interferon (ifn)-β in many cell types. poly (i:c) is the most potent ifn inducer. in in vivo mouse studies, intraperitoneal injection of poly (i:c) elicited ifn-α/β production and natural killer (nk) cells activation. the tlr3 pathway is suggested to contribute to innate immune responses against many viruses, including influenza virus, respirator ... | 2012 | 22698190 |
| sensorineural hearing loss in hemorrhagic dengue? | dengue is an acute febrile infectious disease, with high fever followed by symptoms flu-like. dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) is a vascular leak syndrome and could present spontaneous bleeding and worsening of symptoms after some days. dengue could have some ent manifestations, however hearing loss is not one of them. sudden hearing loss is considered as sensorineural or perceptual hearing loss with a sudden onset in a person without other prior otological history. the relation between infectious ... | 2014 | 25625489 |
| evaluation of a transcription mediated amplification assay for detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 mrna in clinical specimens. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv) are double-stranded dna human herpesviruses (hhvs) that have the capacity to cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. like hhv5 (cytomegalovirus) and hhv8 (kaposi's sarcoma virus), hsv type 1 (hsv-1), and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) (hhv1, hhv2) selectively package certain viral messenger rnas inside mature virions, as well as expressing those mrnas in infected cells. | 2016 | 27175478 |
| plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. | a plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (vlps), and vaccines. foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. the broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. engineered virus-based ... | 2014 | 24751193 |
| antimicrobial activity of biocompatible microemulsions against aspergillus niger and herpes simplex virus type 2. | microemulsions (mes), which consist of oil, water, surfactants, and cosurfactants, have recently generated considerable interest as antimicrobial agents. | 2016 | 27800146 |
| antiherpes simplex virus type 2 activity of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin. | in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of subtilosin, a cyclical peptide isolated from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in cell cultures and we investigated subtilosin mode of action. | 2014 | 25087911 |
| bacterial exopolysaccharide of shallow marine vent origin as agent in counteracting immune disorders induced by herpes virus. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is responsible of the continuously increasing viral infections in humans. in a previous study we demonstrated that the exopolysaccharide produced by bacillus licheniformis strain b3-15 (eps-b3-15), was able to hinder the hsv-2 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and this antiviral activity appear to be related to a significant stimulation of the th1-cytokines. in this study we analyse the role of eps-b3-15 on th2 cytokine production by pbm ... | 2016 | 26674976 |
| antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of a novel bacterial exopolysaccharide of shallow marine vent origin. | to evaluate a novel exopolysaccharide (eps1) from the recently described haloalkaliphilic, thermophilic bacillus licheniformis strain t14, isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent of panarea island (italy), for its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). | 2014 | 24354946 |
| evaluation of anti-infective potential of a tribal folklore odina wodier roxb against some selected microbes and herpes simplex virus associated with skin infection. | to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of odina wodier bark (owb), a folk medicine, against representative bacteria, fungi and herpes simplex virus (hsv) associated with skin infections. | 2013 | 23957446 |
| baylisascaris procyonis and herpes simplex virus 2 coinfection presenting as ocular larva migrans with granuloma formation in a child. | ocular baylisascaris procyonis infection results from ingestion of infective eggs of b. procyonis, the raccoon ascarid. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection of the retina is the result of either primary infection or reactivated disease. herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old female resident of the bronx in new york city, who presented with pan-uveitis and vision loss. initial evaluation for etiologic causes was nondiagnostic. serology for anti-baylisascaris procyonis antibodies in se ... | 2015 | 26123955 |
| an association of virus infection with type 2 diabetes and alzheimer's disease. | diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose due to insulin deficiency or resistance. alzheimer's disease (ad) is a complex neurodegenerative disease leading to irreversible loss of neurons, intellectual abilities, memory and reasoning. the worldwide prevalence of diabetes and ad in elderly population is a major public health concern. interestingly, both health issues are unraveling the puzzling links. the clinico-pathological relationship between diabetes ... | 2014 | 24059298 |
| performance of a multiplexed serological microarray for the detection of antibodies against central nervous system pathogens. | central nervous system (cns) infections have multiple potential causative agents for which simultaneous pathogen screening can provide a useful tool. this study evaluated a multiplexed microarray for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against cns pathogens. the performance of selected microarray antigens for the detection of igg antibodies against herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and borrelia burgdorferi sensu l ... | 2014 | 24594410 |
| bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein k (gk) interacts with ul20 and is required for infectious virus production. | we have previously shown that the hsv-1 gk and ul20 proteins interact and function in virion envelopment, membrane fusion, and neuronal entry. alignment of the predicted secondary structures of gks encoded by bohv-1, hsv-1, hsv-2, ehv-1 and vzv indicated a high degree of domain conservation. two bohv-1 gk-null mutant viruses were created by either gk gene deletion or stop codon insertion. in addition, a v5 epitope-tag was inserted at the carboxyl terminus of gk gene to detect gk. the engineered ... | 2016 | 27661734 |
| isoxanthohumol--biologically active hop flavonoid. | isoxanthohumol (ixn), apart from xanthohumol (xn) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8pn), is one of the most important prenylflavonoids found in hops. another natural source of this compound is a shrub sophora flavescens, used in traditional chinese medicine. main dietary source of ixn is beer, and the compound is produced from xn during wort boiling. in the human body, the compound is o-demethylated to 8pn, the strongest known phytoestrogen. this process takes place in the liver and in the intestine, whe ... | 2015 | 25771121 |
| diclofenac-based hydrazones and spirothiazolidinones: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties. | we report here the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of novel diclofenac-based hydrazone (4a-f) and spirothiazolidinone (5a-f, 6a-f) derivatives designed as potential antimicrobial agents. the compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of dna and rna viruses. they were further screened in vitro against different strains of bacteria and fungi. the hydrazone derivatives, 4a and 4c-f, were found to be active against herpesv ... | 2017 | 28370198 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) modulation of staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans initiation of hela 299 cell-associated biofilm. | although herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1), and type-2 (hsv-2), staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans co-habit the oral and genital mucosa, their interaction is poorly understood. we determined the effect hsv has on bacterial and/or fungal adherence, the initial step in biofilm formation. hela229 cells were infected with hsv-1 (kos) gl86 or hsv-2 (kos) 333gj (-) at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 50 and 10. s. aureus (atcc 25923) and/or c. albicans (yeast forms or germ tube forms) we ... | 2016 | 26758707 |
| a modified zinc acetate gel, a potential nonantiretroviral microbicide, is safe and effective against simian-human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus 2 infection in vivo. | we previously showed that a prototype gel comprising zinc acetate (za) in carrageenan (cg) protected mice against vaginal and rectal herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) challenge as well as macaques against vaginal simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (shiv-rt) challenge. in this work, we modified buffers and cosolvents to obtain a stable, nearly iso-osmolal formulation and evaluated its safety and efficacy against shiv-rt and hsv-2. in vitro toxicity to lactobacilli and candida ... | 2013 | 23752515 |
| high expression level of antioxidants and pharmaceutical bioactivities of endophytic fungus chaetomium globosum jn711454. | in order to maximize antioxidant activity of pharmaceutical bioactive endophytic fungus chaetomium globosum jn711454 during fermentation process, designed fermentation experiments of culture media for three levels of eight culture factors were performed using a taguchi orthogonal array (oa) design with layout l18 (2(1) × 3(7)). the agitation and the potato extract were the most significant affecting factors, and their interaction contributed significantly to fungus activity. the production of an ... | 2016 | 25569373 |
| biological evaluation of endophytic fungus, chaetomium globosum jn711454, as potential candidate for improving drug discovery. | the main objective of this research work focused on investigating the biological and chemical aspects of endophytic fungus chaetomium globosum, for pharmaceutical purposes to improve the drug discovery process. the endophytic c. globosum was isolated from healthy leaves of egyptian medicinal plant adiantum capillus-veneris collected from saint katherine protectorate, sinai, egypt. the identification of c. globosum was on the basis of classical and molecular taxonomy. gene encoding for 18s rrna w ... | 2014 | 23775636 |
| the mucosal expression pattern of interferon-ε in rhesus macaques. | type i ifns play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. a novel type i ifn, namely ifn-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of hsv2 and chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of ifn-ε in tissues remain uncertain. in addition, the expression of ifn-ε in indian rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) has not been reported. here, we analyzed ifn-ε expr ... | 2014 | 25139290 |
| ifn-ε is constitutively expressed by cells of the reproductive tract and is inefficiently secreted by fibroblasts and cell lines. | type-i interferons (ifns) form a large family of cytokines that primarily act to control the early development of viral infections. typical type-i ifn genes, such as those encoding ifn-α or ifn-β are upregulated by viral infection in many cell types. in contrast, the gene encoding ifn-ε was reported to be constitutively expressed by cells of the female reproductive tract and to contribute to the protection against vaginal infections with herpes simplex virus 2 and chlamydia muridarum. our data c ... | 2013 | 23951133 |
| interferon-ε protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection. | the innate immune system senses pathogens through pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) that signal to induce effector cytokines, such as type i interferons (ifns). we characterized ifn-ε as a type i ifn because it signaled via the ifnar1 and ifnar2 receptors to induce ifn-regulated genes. in contrast to other type i ifns, ifn-ε was not induced by known prr pathways; instead, ifn-ε was constitutively expressed by epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (frt) and was hormonally regulated ... | 2013 | 23449591 |
| evaluation of the relationship between preeclampsia and seropositivity of infectious disease in maternal plasma. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between maternal infections and preeclampsia. | 2013 | 23868638 |
| statistical genetic analysis of serological measures of common, chronic infections in alaska native participants in the gocadan study. | this paper describes genetic investigations of seroreactivity to five common infectious pathogens in the genetics of coronary artery disease in alaska natives (gocadan) study. antibody titers and seroprevalence were available for 495 to 782 (depending on the phenotype) family members at two time points, approximately 15 years apart, for chlamydophila pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). seroprevalence rates in ... | 2013 | 23798484 |
| [relationship of cytomegalovirus, chlamydia pneumoniae and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections with preeclampsia]. | to explore the potential relationship of cytomegalovirus (cmv), chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in inflammation and preeclampsia. | 2012 | 22883201 |
| establishment of multiplex solid-phase strip pcr test for detection of 24 ocular infectious disease pathogens. | to establish and evaluate a new multiplex solid-phase strip polymerase chain reaction (strip pcr) for concurrent detection of common ocular infectious disease pathogens. | 2017 | 28282487 |
| sexually transmitted infection risk among women is not fully explained by partner numbers. | increased sexual partner numbers may contribute to sexually transmitted infection (sti) risk for some but not all women. this study compared women reporting having four or more partners during the preceding year (multiple partnership group) with those reporting having one partner (single partnership group) with regard to sexually risky behaviors and other modifiable predictors of sti risk. we also compared the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, her ... | 2017 | 28257539 |
| costing of national sti program implementation for the global sti control strategy for the health sector, 2016-2021. | in 2016 the world health assembly adopted the global strategy on sexually transmitted infections (sti) 2016-2021 aiming to reduce curable stis by 90% by 2030. we costed scaling-up priority interventions to coverage targets. | 2017 | 28129372 |
| [molecular detection of sexually transmitted agents in a symptomatic group of men and its relationship with sexual behavior]. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) affect sexual and reproductive health of millions of men. pathogens such as human papillomavirus (hpv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 y hsv-2), chlamydia trachomatis,mycoplasmagenitalium,mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum are associated with stis. | 2016 | 28112332 |
| future prospects for new vaccines against sexually transmitted infections. | this review provides an update on the need, development status, and important next steps for advancing development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections (stis), including herpes simplex virus (hsv), neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), and treponema pallidum (syphilis). | 2017 | 27922851 |
| laryngopharyngeal reflux and herpes simplex virus type 2 are possible risk factors for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (prospective case-control study). | the human papillomavirus (hpv) causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp). although hpv prevalence is high, the incidence of papillomatosis is low. thus, factors other than hpv infection probably contribute to rrp. this study investigated whether patients with papillomatosis are more often infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and chlamydia trachomatis (cht) and whether laryngopharyngeal reflux (lpr) occurs in this group of patients more often. | 2016 | 27759910 |
| etiology of genital ulcer disease in male patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic: first assessment in cuba. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and in particular genital ulcer disease (gud) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in developing countries. the world health organization recommends the use of syndromic guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (stis) in resource-constrained countries. surveillance of autochthonous etiologies provides epidemiological information contributing to the prevention and treatment of stis. we investigated the etiology and factors asso ... | 2016 | 27419816 |
| prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in papua new guinea: a cross-sectional survey. | background: papua new guinea (png) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of hiv and sexually transmissible infections (stis) of any asia-pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. the prevalence of curable stis, such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), among pregnant women in png is relatively unknown. methods: a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey to investigate the epidemiology of ct, ng, ... | 2016 | 27248708 |
| the influence of hormonal factors on the risk of developing cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the epic cohort. | in addition to hpv, high parity and hormonal contraceptives have been associated with cervical cancer (cc). however, most of the evidence comes from retrospective case-control studies. the aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate associations between hormonal factors and risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (cin3)/carcinoma in situ (cis) and invasive cervical cancer (icc). | 2016 | 26808155 |
| hiv/sexually transmitted infection prevention messaging: targeting root causes of sexual risk behavior. | sexual risk behaviors (srbs) often lead to sexually transmitted infections (sti), yet little is known about what drives srb and whether this differs by sex. | 2016 | 26760178 |
| multiplex pcr testing for nine different sexually transmitted infections. | current sexually transmitted infection (sti) testing is not optimal due to delays in reporting or missed diagnoses due to a lack of comprehensive testing. the filmarray® (biofire diagnostics, llc, salt lake city, utah) is a user-friendly, fully automated, multiplex pcr system that is being developed for rapid point-of-care use. a research-use-only sti panel including multiple pcr primer sets for each organism was designed to detect chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum ... | 2016 | 26538551 |
| y chromosome dna in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of childbearing age women: implications for epitheliotropic sexually transmitted infections? | assuming a possible association between y chromosome (yc)-dna and sexually transmitted infection (sti) transmission rate, could yc-dna be related to an increased prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv), herpes simplex virus (hsv-1/2) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct)? could yc-dna be used to validate self-reported condom use and sexual behaviors? | 2015 | 26281916 |
| male circumcision and sti acquisition in britain: evidence from a national probability sample survey. | it is well-established that male circumcision reduces acquisition of hiv, herpes simplex virus 2, chancroid, and syphilis. however, the effect on the acquisition of non-ulcerative sexually transmitted infections (stis) remains unclear. we examined the relationship between circumcision and biological measures of three stis: human papillomavirus (hpv), chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium. | 2015 | 26083250 |
| maternal exposure to sexually transmitted infections and schizophrenia among offspring. | animal models and epidemiologic studies suggest that prenatal maternal infection, and sexually transmitted infection (sti) in particular, is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. however, findings from prior research studies on common infections, including herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) have been inconsistent. to investigate these associations, we conducted a case-control study nested in the population-based finnish p ... | 2015 | 26022653 |
| prevalence and correlates of trichomonas vaginalis infection among female sex workers in a city in yunnan province, china. | sexual transmission is the fastest growing route of hiv transmission in china, and trichomonas vaginalis(tv) can facilitate hiv transmission and acquisition. our goal was to determine the prevalence and correlates of tv infection among female sex workers (fsws). this cross-sectional study was conducted in a city of yunnan province in southern china, with confidential face-to-face interviews and laboratory tests for tv (wet mount) and other sexually transmitted infections. a total of 734 fsws par ... | 2016 | 25957327 |
| chemokine-mediated immune responses in the female genital tract mucosa. | the genital tract mucosa is the site where sexually transmitted infections gain entry to the host. the immune response at this site is thus critical to provide innate protection against pathogens that are seen for the very first time as well as provide long-term pathogen-specific immunity, which would be required for an effective vaccine against sexually transmitted infection. a finely regulated immune response is therefore required to provide an effective barrier against pathogens without compr ... | 2015 | 25776842 |
| the impact of hormonal contraception and pregnancy on sexually transmitted infections and on cervicovaginal microbiota in african sex workers. | the observed association between depo-provera injectable use and increased hiv acquisition may be caused by hormone-induced increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections (stis) or changes in the cervicovaginal microbiota (vmb), accompanied by genital immune activation and/or mucosal remodeling. | 2015 | 25668647 |
| host nectin-1 is required for efficient chlamydia trachomatis serovar e development. | interaction of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) with the host cell surface during chlamydia trachomatis/hsv co-infection stimulates chlamydiae to become persistent. during viral entry, gd interacts with one of 4 host co-receptors: hvem (herpes virus entry mediator), nectin-1, nectin-2 and 3-o-sulfated heparan sulfate. hvem and nectin-1 are high-affinity entry receptors for both hsv-1 and hsv-2. nectin-2 mediates hsv-2 entry but is inactive for hsv-1, while 3-o-sulfated heparan sulf ... | 2014 | 25414835 |
| defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of hiv infection: a cross-sectional study. | sexually transmitted infections (sti) and bacterial vaginosis (bv) cause female genital tract inflammation. this inflammation, which is often present in the absence of symptoms, is associated with increased susceptibility to hiv infection. we aimed to evaluate genital cytokine profiles and the degree of inflammation associated with common stis and bv. | 2014 | 25107710 |
| effects of vaginal lactobacilli in chlamydia trachomatis infection. | increasing evidence indicates that abnormal vaginal flora lacking lactobacilli facilitates the acquisition of several sexually transmitted diseases including chlamydia trachomatis. c. trachomatis, the most common bacterial agent of genital infections worldwide, can progress from the lower to upper reproductive tract and induce severe sequelae. the ability of c. trachomatis to develop into a persistent form has been suggested as key pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic infections and sequela ... | 2014 | 24875405 |
| prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: results from the 2009 to 2011 canadian health measures survey. | chlamydia, caused by chlamydia trachomatis, and genital herpes, caused by simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), are common sexually transmitted infections. their prevalence has been estimated in selected populations, but overall prevalence in canada is not known. | 2013 | 24258059 |
| prevalence of hiv, human papillomavirus type 16 and herpes simplex virus type 2 among female sex workers in guinea and associated factors. | female sex workers are at high risk for hiv infection. sexually transmitted infections are known to be co-factors for hiv infection. our aims were (1) to assess the prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections in this population; (2) to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural variables, and variables related to hiv prevention and hiv infection. a cross-sectional study was conducted in conakry, guinea, among a convenience sample of 223 female ... | 2014 | 24216036 |