| capturing the vira/virg tcs of agrobacterium tumefaciens. | two-component systems (tcs) regulate pathogenic commitment in many interactions and provide an opportunity for unique therapeutic intervention. the vira/virg tcs of agrobacterium tumefaciens mediates inter-kingdom gene transfer in the development of host tumors and sets in motion the events that underlie the great success of this multi-host plant pathogen. significant proof for the feasibility of interventions has now emerged with the discovery of a natural product that effectively "blinds" the ... | 2008 | 18792688 |
| microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of ortho-phenylphenol in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), is responsible for many infectious diseases, ranging from benign skin infections to life-threatening endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. ortho-phenylphenol (opp) is an antimicrobial agent and an active ingredient of epa-registered disinfectants with wide human exposure in various agricultural, hospital and veterinary disinfectant products. despite many uses, an understanding of a cellular response to opp and it's mechanism of action, targeted genes, and the ... | 2008 | 18793396 |
| prediction of sinorhizobium meliloti srna genes and experimental detection in strain 2011. | small non-coding rnas (srnas) have emerged as ubiquitous regulatory elements in bacteria and other life domains. however, few srnas have been identified outside several well-studied species of gamma-proteobacteria and thus relatively little is known about the role of rna-mediated regulation in most other bacterial genera. here we have conducted a computational prediction of putative srna genes in intergenic regions (igrs) of the symbiotic alpha-proteobacterium s. meliloti 1021 and experimentally ... | 2008 | 18793445 |
| betac1, the pathogenicity factor of tylccnv, interacts with as1 to alter leaf development and suppress selective jasmonic acid responses. | viruses induce pathogenic symptoms on plants but the molecular basis is poorly understood. here, we show that transgenic arabidopsis expressing the pathogenesis protein betac1 of tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv), a geminivirus, can phenocopy to a large extent disease symptoms of virus-infected tobacco plants in having upward curled leaves, radialized leaves with outgrowth tissues from abaxial surfaces, and sterile flowers. these morphological changes are paralleled by a reduction in ... | 2008 | 18794352 |
| a stress-inducible resveratrol o-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of pterostilbene in grapevine. | stilbenes are considered the most important phytoalexin group in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and they are known to contribute to the protection against various pathogens. the main stilbenes in grapevine are resveratrol and its derivatives and, among these, pterostilbene has recently attracted much attention due both to its antifungal and pharmacological properties. indeed, pterostilbene is 5 to 10 times more fungitoxic than resveratrol in vitro and recent studies have shown that pterostilbene exh ... | 2008 | 18799660 |
| expression of a hema gene from agrobacterium radiobacter in a rare codon optimizing escherichia coli for improving 5-aminolevulinate production. | the 5-aminolevulinate (ala) synthase gene (hema) from agrobacterium radiobacter zju-0121, which was cloned previously in our laboratory, contains several rare codons. to enhance the expression of this gene, escherichia coli rosetta(de3), which is a rare codon optimizer strain, was picked out as the host to construct an efficient recombinant strain. cell extracts of the recombinant e. coli were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under the appropriate conditions. ... | 2010 | 18800199 |
| importance of mitochondria in survival of cryptococcus neoformans under low oxygen conditions and tolerance to cobalt chloride. | cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungal pathogen that requires atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. for the fungus to be able to establish an infection, it must adapt to the low oxygen concentrations in the host environment compared to its natural habitat. in order to investigate the oxygen sensing mechanism in c. neoformans, we screened t-dna insertional mutants for hypoxia-mimetic cobalt chloride (cocl(2))-sensitive mutants. all the cocl(2)-sensitive mutants had a growth ... | 2008 | 18802457 |
| lack of genomic evidence of ai-2 receptors suggests a non-quorum sensing role for luxs in most bacteria. | great excitement accompanied discoveries over the last decade in several gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria of the luxs protein, which catalyzes production of the ai-2 autoinducer molecule for a second quorum sensing system (qs-2). since the luxs gene was found to be widespread among the most diverse bacterial taxa, it was hypothesized that ai-2 may constitute the basis of a universal microbial language, a kind of bacterial esperanto. many of the studies published in this field have drawn ... | 2008 | 18803868 |
| map20, a microtubule-associated protein in the secondary cell walls of hybrid aspen, is a target of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. | we have identified a gene, denoted pttmap20, which is strongly up-regulated during secondary cell wall synthesis and tightly coregulated with the secondary wall-associated cesa genes in hybrid aspen (populus tremula x tremuloides). immunolocalization studies with affinity-purified antibodies specific for pttmap20 revealed that the protein is found in all cell types in developing xylem and that it is most abundant in cells forming secondary cell walls. this pttmap20 protein sequence contains a hi ... | 2008 | 18805954 |
| scin is an outer membrane lipoprotein required for type vi secretion in enteroaggregative escherichia coli. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is a pathogen implicated in several infant diarrhea or diarrheal outbreaks in areas of endemicity. although multiple genes involved in eaec pathogenesis have been identified, the overall mechanism of virulence is not well understood. recently, a novel secretion system, called type vi secretion (t6s) system (t6ss), has been identified in eaec and most animal or plant gram-negative pathogens. t6sss are multicomponent cell envelope machines responsible for ... | 2008 | 18805985 |
| arabidopsis arc6 coordinates the division machineries of the inner and outer chloroplast membranes through interaction with pdv2 in the intermembrane space. | chloroplasts arose from a free-living cyanobacterial endosymbiont and divide by binary fission. division involves the assembly and constriction of the endosymbiont-derived, tubulin-like ftsz ring on the stromal surface of the inner envelope membrane and the host-derived, dynamin-like arc5 ring on the cytosolic surface of the outer envelope membrane. despite the identification of many proteins required for plastid division, the factors coordinating the internal and external division machineries a ... | 2008 | 18812496 |
| cymbidium ringspot virus harnesses rna silencing to control the accumulation of virus parasite satellite rna. | cymbidium ringspot virus (cymrsv) satellite rna (satrna) is a parasitic subviral rna replicon that replicates and accumulates at the cost of its helper virus. this 621-nucleotide (nt) satrna species has no sequence similarity to the helper virus, except for a 51-nt-long region termed the helper-satellite homology (hsh) region, which is essential for satrna replication. we show that the accumulation of satrna strongly depends on temperature and on the presence of the helper virus p19 silencing su ... | 2008 | 18815304 |
| powdery mildew resistance conferred by loss of the enhanced disease resistance1 protein kinase is suppressed by a missense mutation in keep on going, a regulator of abscisic acid signaling. | loss-of-function mutations in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced disease resistance1 (edr1) gene confer enhanced resistance to infection by powdery mildew (golovinomyces cichoracearum). edr1 encodes a protein kinase, but its substrates and the pathways regulated by edr1 are unknown. to identify components of the edr1 signal transduction pathway(s), we conducted a forward genetic screen for mutations that suppressed edr1-mediated disease resistance. genetic mapping and cloning of one ... | 2008 | 18815384 |
| experimental observations of rapid maize streak virus evolution reveal a strand-specific nucleotide substitution bias. | recent reports have indicated that single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses in the taxonomic families geminiviridae, parvoviridae and anellovirus may be evolving at rates of approximately 10(-4) substitutions per site per year (subs/site/year). these evolution rates are similar to those of rna viruses and are surprisingly high given that ssdna virus replication involves host dna polymerases with fidelities approximately 10,000 times greater than those of error-prone viral rna polymerases. although hi ... | 2008 | 18816368 |
| identification of a movement protein of the tenuivirus rice stripe virus. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type member of the genus tenuivirus. rsv has four single-stranded rnas and causes severe disease in rice fields in different parts of china. to date, no reports have described how rsv spreads within host plants or the viral and/or host factor(s) required for tenuivirus movement. we investigated functions of six rsv-encoded proteins using trans-complementation experiments and biolistic bombardment. we demonstrate that nsvc4, encoded by rsv rna4, supports the interce ... | 2008 | 18818319 |
| structural and functional coupling of hsp90- and sgt1-centred multi-protein complexes. | sgt1 is an adaptor protein implicated in a variety of processes, including formation of the kinetochore complex in yeast, and regulation of innate immunity systems in plants and animals. sgt1 has been found to associate with scf e3 ubiquitin ligases, the cbf3 kinetochore complex, plant r proteins and related animal nod-like receptors, and with the hsp90 molecular chaperone. we have determined the crystal structure of the core hsp90-sgt1 complex, revealing a distinct site of interaction on the hs ... | 2008 | 18818696 |
| ftsk-dependent dimer resolution on multiple chromosomes in the pathogen vibrio cholerae. | unlike most bacteria, vibrio cholerae harbors two distinct, nonhomologous circular chromosomes (chromosome i and ii). many features of chromosome ii are plasmid-like, which raised questions concerning its chromosomal nature. plasmid replication and segregation are generally not coordinated with the bacterial cell cycle, further calling into question the mechanisms ensuring the synchronous management of chromosome i and ii. maintenance of circular replicons requires the resolution of dimers creat ... | 2008 | 18818731 |
| a model of agrobacterium tumefaciens vacuum infiltration into harvested leaf tissue and subsequent in planta transgene transient expression. | agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, or agroinfiltration, can be a highly efficient method for transforming and inducing transient transgene expression in plant tissue. the technique uses the innate dna secretion pathway of agrobacterium tumefaciens to vector a particular plasmid-encoded segment of dna from the bacteria to plant cells. vacuum is often applied to plant tissue submerged in a suspension of a. tumefaciens to improve agroinfiltration. however, the effects of vacuum application on ag ... | 2009 | 18819157 |
| acclimated biomass that degrades sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate. | a number of aerobic species were isolated from textile industry activated sludge wastewater. the bacterial consortium was acclimated during seven days before testing its capacity of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate (snfc) recalcitrant compound degradation. snfc's degradation was evaluated by using different techniques including: vapour pressure osmometry, spectroscopy uv-visible and chemical oxygen demand (cod). the degradation of snfc by acclimated bacterial consortium was determi ... | 2008 | 18819646 |
| genomics of aspergillus oryzae: learning from the history of koji mold and exploration of its future. | at a time when the notion of microorganisms did not exist, our ancestors empirically established methods for the production of various fermentation foods: miso (bean curd seasoning) and shoyu (soy sauce), both of which have been widely used and are essential for japanese cooking, and sake, a magical alcoholic drink consumed at a variety of ritual occasions, are typical examples. a filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae, is the key organism in the production of all these traditional foods, and it ... | 2008 | 18820080 |
| root-secreted malic acid recruits beneficial soil bacteria. | beneficial soil bacteria confer immunity against a wide range of foliar diseases by activating plant defenses, thereby reducing a plant's susceptibility to pathogen attack. although bacterial signals have been identified that activate these plant defenses, plant metabolites that elicit rhizobacterial responses have not been demonstrated. here, we provide biochemical evidence that the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate l-malic acid (ma) secreted from roots of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ... | 2008 | 18820082 |
| transgenic inhibitors of rna interference in drosophila. | rna silencing functions as an adaptive antiviral defense in both plants and animals. in turn, viruses commonly encode suppressors of rna silencing, which enable them to mount productive infection. these inhibitor proteins may be exploited as reagents with which to probe mechanisms and functions of rna silencing pathways. in this report, we describe transgenic drosophila strains that allow inducible expression of the viral rna silencing inhibitors flock house virus-b2, nodamura virus-b2, vaccinia ... | 2007 | 18820441 |
| high-throughput agrobacterium-mediated barley transformation. | abstract: | 2008 | 18822125 |
| a type iv secretion system contributes to intracellular survival and replication of burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an important respiratory pathogen in persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). recent studies indicate that b. cenocepacia survives within macrophages and airway epithelial cells in vitro by evading endosome-lysosome fusion. we investigated the role of a plasmid-encoded type iv secretion system in the intracellular survival, replication, and processing of b. cenocepacia. both a wild-type strain (k56-2) and its type iv secretion system mutant (designated lc101) entered and re ... | 2008 | 18824538 |
| genetic transformation and regeneration of sesbania drummondii using cotyledonary nodes. | sesbania drummondii (rydb.) cory is a source for phytopharmaceuticals. it also hyperaccumulates several toxic heavy metals. development of an efficient gene transfer method is an absolute requirement for the genetic improvement of this plant with more desirable traits due to limitations in conventional breeding methods. a simple protocol was developed for agrobacterium-mediated stable genetic transformation of sesbania. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha 101 containing the vector pcambia 1305. ... | 2009 | 18825383 |
| the promoter of zmmrp-1, a maize transfer cell-specific transcriptional activator, is induced at solute exchange surfaces and responds to transport demands. | transfer cells have specializations that facilitate the transport of solutes across plant exchange surfaces. zmmrp-1 is a maize (zea mays) endosperm transfer cell-specific transcriptional activator that plays a central role in the regulatory pathways controlling transfer cell differentiation and function. the present work investigates the signals controlling the expression of zmmrp-1 through the production of transgenic lines of maize, arabidopsis, tobacco and barley containing zmmrp-1promoter:g ... | 2009 | 18830706 |
| the promoter of zmmrp-1, a maize transfer cell-specific transcriptional activator, is induced at solute exchange surfaces and responds to transport demands. | transfer cells have specializations that facilitate the transport of solutes across plant exchange surfaces. zmmrp-1 is a maize (zea mays) endosperm transfer cell-specific transcriptional activator that plays a central role in the regulatory pathways controlling transfer cell differentiation and function. the present work investigates the signals controlling the expression of zmmrp-1 through the production of transgenic lines of maize, arabidopsis, tobacco and barley containing zmmrp-1promoter:g ... | 2009 | 18830706 |
| substrate-promoted formation of a catalytically competent binuclear center and regulation of reactivity in a glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes. | the glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes is a promiscuous binuclear metallohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mono-, di-, and triester substrates, including some organophosphate pesticides and products of the degradation of nerve agents. gpdq has attracted recent attention as a promising enzymatic bioremediator. here, we have investigated the catalytic mechanism of this versatile enzyme using a range of techniques. an improved crystal structure (1.9 a resolution) i ... | 2008 | 18831553 |
| association of the agrobacterium t-dna-protein complex with plant nucleosomes. | agrobacterium represents the only natural example of transkingdom transfer of genetic information, from bacteria to plants. before the bacterial transferred dna (t-dna) can integrate into the plant genome, it should be targeted to and bind the host chromatin. however, the t-dna association with the host chromatin has not been demonstrated. here, we study t-dna binding to plant nucleosomes in vitro and show that it is mediated by bacterial and host proteins associated with the t-dna. the main fac ... | 2008 | 18832163 |
| phylogeny, gene structures, and expression patterns of the erf gene family in soybean (glycine max l.). | members of the erf transcription factor family play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. in soybean (glycine max l.), however, only a few erf genes have been studied so far. in this study, 98 unigenes that contained a complete ap2/erf domain were identified from 63,676 unique sequences in the dfci soybean gene index database. the phylogeny, gene structures, and putative conserved motifs in soybean erf proteins were analysed, and compared with ... | 2008 | 18832187 |
| ricin b chain targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum of tobacco protoplasts is degraded by a cdc48- and vacuole-independent mechanism. | the b chain of ricin was expressed and delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum of tobacco protoplasts where it disappeared with time in a manner consistent with degradation. this turnover did not occur in the vacuoles or upon secretion. indeed, several lines of evidence indicate that, in contrast to the turnover of endoplasmic reticulum-targeted ricin a chain in the cytosol, the bulk of expressed ricin b chain was degraded in the secretory pathway. | 2008 | 18832379 |
| characterization of ornithine and glutamine lipids extracted from cell membranes of rhodobacter sphaeroides. | the identification and structural characterization of a series of ornithine lipids extracted from the cell membranes of wild-type rhodobacter sphaeroides, as well as from a glycerophosphocholine-deficient strain, have been achieved by multistage tandem mass spectrometry of their protonated and deprotonated precursor ions in a linear quadrupole ion trap. systematic examination of the multistage gas-phase fragmentation reactions of these ions, combined with the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange, ... | 2009 | 18835523 |
| characterization of ornithine and glutamine lipids extracted from cell membranes of rhodobacter sphaeroides. | the identification and structural characterization of a series of ornithine lipids extracted from the cell membranes of wild-type rhodobacter sphaeroides, as well as from a glycerophosphocholine-deficient strain, have been achieved by multistage tandem mass spectrometry of their protonated and deprotonated precursor ions in a linear quadrupole ion trap. systematic examination of the multistage gas-phase fragmentation reactions of these ions, combined with the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange, ... | 2009 | 18835523 |
| impa-4, an arabidopsis importin alpha isoform, is preferentially involved in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. | successful transformation of plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens requires that the bacterial t-complex actively escorts t-dna into the host's nucleus. vird2 and vire2 are virulence proteins on the t-complex that have plant-functional nuclear localization signal sequences that may recruit importin alpha proteins of the plant for nuclear import. in this study, we evaluated the involvement of seven of the nine members of the arabidopsis thaliana importin alpha family in agrobacterium transformation ... | 2008 | 18836040 |
| functional genomics in the rice blast fungus to unravel the fungal pathogenicity. | a rapidly growing number of successful genome sequencing projects in plant pathogenic fungi greatly increase the demands for tools and methodologies to study fungal pathogenicity at genomic scale. magnaporthe oryzae is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus whose genome is fully sequenced. recently we have reported the development and application of functional genomics platform technologies in m. oryzae. this model approach would have many practical ramifications in design and impleme ... | 2008 | 18837101 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system was assessed for conducting insertional mutagenesis in penicillium digitatum, a major fungal pathogen infecting post-harvest citrus fruits. a transformation efficiency of up to 60 transformants per 10(6) conidia was achieved by this system. the integration of the hph gene into the fungal genome was verified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing. these transformants tested were also shown to be mitotically s ... | 2008 | 18837111 |
| the red clover necrotic mosaic virus rna-2 encoded movement protein is a second suppressor of rna silencing. | the replication complex of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (rcnmv) has been shown to possess silencing suppression activity. here a newly developed viral-based assay for the identification of silencing suppression activity was used to provide evidence for a second, mechanistically distinct method of silencing suppression provided for by the rcnmv movement protein (mp). this new assay relies on turnip crinkle virus with its capsid protein replaced with green fluorescent protein to act as a repor ... | 2008 | 18838152 |
| rnai-directed downregulation of osbadh2 results in aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) production in rice (oryza sativa l.). | aromatic rice is popular worldwide because of its characteristic fragrance. genetic studies and physical fine mapping reveal that a candidate gene (fgr/osbadh2) homologous to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for aroma metabolism in fragrant rice varieties, but the direct evidence demonstrating the functions of osbadh2 is lacking. to elucidate the physiological roles of osbadh2, sequencing approach and rna interference (rnai) technique were employed to analyze allelic variation and f ... | 2008 | 18840300 |
| [induction and culture of hairy roots in scutellaria viscidula and its baicalin production]. | to establish a culturing system of hairy roots of scutellaria viscidula, and study the hairy roots growth and biosynthesis of flavonoid in the culturing system. | 2008 | 18841761 |
| atrazine removal in agricultural infiltrate by bioaugmented polyvinyl alcohol immobilized and free agrobacterium radiobacter j14a: a sand column study. | bench-scale sand column breakthrough experiments were conducted to examine atrazine removal in agricultural infiltrate by agrobacterium radiobacter j14a (j14a) immobilized in phosphorylated-polyvinyl alcohol compared to free j14a cells. the effects of cell loading and infiltration rate on atrazine degradation and the loss of j14a were investigated. four sets of experiments, (i) tracers, (ii) immobilized dead cells, (iii) immobilized cells, and (iv) free cells, were performed. the atrazine biodeg ... | 2009 | 18848714 |
| structure of l-xylulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (ulae) from the anaerobic l-ascorbate utilization pathway of escherichia coli: identification of a novel phosphate binding motif within a tim barrel fold. | three catabolic enzymes, ulad, ulae, and ulaf, are involved in a pathway leading to fermentation of l-ascorbate under anaerobic conditions. ulad catalyzes a beta-keto acid decarboxylation reaction to produce l-xylulose-5-phosphate, which undergoes successive epimerization reactions with ulae (l-xylulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase) and ulaf (l-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase), yielding d-xylulose-5-phosphate, an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. we describe here crystallographic studie ... | 2008 | 18849419 |
| histone h2b monoubiquitination in the chromatin of flowering locus c regulates flowering time in arabidopsis. | ubiquitination is one of many known histone modifications that regulate gene expression. here, we examine the arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the yeast e2 and e3 enzymes responsible for h2b monoubiquitination (h2bub1). arabidopsis has two e3 homologs (histone monoubiquitination1 [hub1] and hub2) and three e2 homologs (ubiquitin carrier protein [ubc1] to ubc3). hub1 and hub2 mutants show the loss of h2bub1 and early flowering. by contrast, single ubc1, ubc2, or ubc3 mutants show no flowering def ... | 2008 | 18849490 |
| allene oxide cyclase from camptotheca acuminata improves tolerance against low temperature and salt stress in tobacco and bacteria. | allene oxide cyclase (aoc, e 5.3.99.6) is an essential enzyme in jasmonate (ja) biosynthetic pathway. an aoc gene (defined as caaoc, database accession no. ay863428) had been isolated from camptotheca acuminata in previous work. real-time quantitative pcr analysis indicated that mrna expression of caaoc was induced by salt stress (120 mm nacl) and low temperature (4 degrees c). in order to further investigate the role of aoc gene in the processes, caaoc was introduced into tobacco via agrobacter ... | 2009 | 18850307 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi product n-terminus contains regions involved in resistance-breakage, self-association and interactions with movement protein. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene vi encodes a multifunctional protein (p6) involved in the translation of viral rna, the formation of inclusion bodies, and the determination of host range. arabidopsis thaliana ecotype tsu-0 prevents the systemic spread of most camv isolates, including cm1841. however, camv isolate w260 overcomes this resistance. in this paper, the n-terminal 110 amino acids of p6 (termed d1) were identified as the resistance-breaking region. d1 also bound full-length p6. fur ... | 2008 | 18851998 |
| transgenic rice expressing allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests. | rice (oryza sativa) productivity is adversely impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. an approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors, of which approximately 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests. in this paper we report the isolation, cloning and characterization of allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) gene, and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation m ... | 2008 | 18854007 |
| a conifer genomics resource of 200,000 spruce (picea spp.) ests and 6,464 high-quality, sequence-finished full-length cdnas for sitka spruce (picea sitchensis). | members of the pine family (pinaceae), especially species of spruce (picea spp.) and pine (pinus spp.), dominate many of the world's temperate and boreal forests. these conifer forests are of critical importance for global ecosystem stability and biodiversity. they also provide the majority of the world's wood and fiber supply and serve as a renewable resource for other industrial biomaterials. in contrast to angiosperms, functional and comparative genomics research on conifers, or other gymnosp ... | 2008 | 18854048 |
| vectors for multi-color bimolecular fluorescence complementation to investigate protein-protein interactions in living plant cells. | abstract: | 2008 | 18922163 |
| acid stress damage of dna is prevented by dps binding in escherichia coli o157:h7. | acid tolerance in escherichia coli o157:h7 contributes to persistence in its bovine host and is thought to promote passage through the gastric barrier of humans. dps (dna-binding protein in starved cells) mutants of e. coli have reduced acid tolerance when compared to the parent strain although the role of dps in acid tolerance is unclear. this study investigated the mechanism by which dps contributes to acid tolerance in e. coli o157:h7. | 2008 | 18922164 |
| rare codons cluster. | most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. these synonymous codons are not used with equal frequency: in every organism, some codons are used more commonly, while others are more rare. though the encoded protein sequence is identical, selective pressures favor more common codons for enhanced translation speed and fidelity. however, rare codons persist, presumably due to neutral drift. here, we determine whether other, unknown factors, beyond neutral drift, affect the selection and/or d ... | 2008 | 18923675 |
| complex regulatory pathways coordinate cell-cycle progression and development in caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus has become the predominant bacterial model system to study the regulation of cell-cycle progression. stage-specific processes such as chromosome replication and segregation, and cell division are coordinated with the development of four polar structures: the flagellum, pili, stalk, and holdfast. the production, activation, localization, and proteolysis of specific regulatory proteins at precise times during the cell cycle culminate in the ability of the cell to produce two ... | 2009 | 18929067 |
| 4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the sex hormone pathway of mucor mucedo: purification, cloning of the corresponding gene, and developmental expression. | the nadp-dependent 4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase is a (-) mating-type-specific enzyme in the pathway from beta-carotene to trisporic acid. this substance and its isomers and derivatives represent the general system of sexual communication in zygomycetes. the (-) mating type of mucor mucedo was stimulated by trisporic acid and the enzyme was purified by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. several peptides of the 26-kda protein, digested with trypsin, were sequenced by mass spectrometry. ... | 2009 | 18931040 |
| 4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the sex hormone pathway of mucor mucedo: purification, cloning of the corresponding gene, and developmental expression. | the nadp-dependent 4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase is a (-) mating-type-specific enzyme in the pathway from beta-carotene to trisporic acid. this substance and its isomers and derivatives represent the general system of sexual communication in zygomycetes. the (-) mating type of mucor mucedo was stimulated by trisporic acid and the enzyme was purified by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. several peptides of the 26-kda protein, digested with trypsin, were sequenced by mass spectrometry. ... | 2009 | 18931040 |
| the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315, an epidemic pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients. | bacterial infections of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients cause major complications in the treatment of this common genetic disease. burkholderia cenocepacia infection is particularly problematic since this organism has high levels of antibiotic resistance, making it difficult to eradicate; the resulting chronic infections are associated with severe declines in lung function and increased mortality rates. b. cenocepacia strain j2315 was isolated from a cf patient and is a member of the ... | 2009 | 18931103 |
| the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315, an epidemic pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients. | bacterial infections of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients cause major complications in the treatment of this common genetic disease. burkholderia cenocepacia infection is particularly problematic since this organism has high levels of antibiotic resistance, making it difficult to eradicate; the resulting chronic infections are associated with severe declines in lung function and increased mortality rates. b. cenocepacia strain j2315 was isolated from a cf patient and is a member of the ... | 2009 | 18931103 |
| a novel thermostable arylesterase from the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus p1: purification, characterization, and expression. | a novel thermostable arylesterase, a 35-kda monomeric enzyme, was purified from the thermoacidophilic archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus p1. the optimum temperature and ph were 94 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. the enzyme displayed remarkable thermostability: it retained 52% of its activity after 50 h of incubation at 90 degrees c. in addition, the purified enzyme showed high stability against denaturing agents, including various detergents, urea, and organic solvents. the enzyme has broad subst ... | 2008 | 18931117 |
| phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis is required for optimal virulence of brucella abortus. | the brucella cell envelope contains the zwitterionic phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). synthesis of pc occurs exclusively via the pc synthase pathway, implying that the pathogen depends on the choline synthesized by the host cell to form pc. notably, pc is necessary to sustain a chronic infection process, which suggests that the membrane lipid content is relevant for brucella virulence. in this study we investigated the first step of pe biosynthesis in b. ... | 2008 | 18931122 |
| interaction of the wd40 domain of a myoinositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase with snrk1 links inositol, sugar, and stress signaling. | in plants, myoinositol signaling pathways have been associated with several stress, developmental, and physiological processes, but the regulation of these pathways is largely unknown. in our efforts to better understand myoinositol signaling pathways in plants, we have found that the wd40 repeat region of a myoinositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5ptase13; at1g05630) interacts with the sucrose nonfermenting-1-related kinase (snrk1.1) in the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro. plant snrk1 pro ... | 2008 | 18931139 |
| transcriptomic and reverse genetic analyses of branched-chain fatty acid and acyl sugar production in solanum pennellii and nicotiana benthamiana. | acyl sugars containing branched-chain fatty acids (bcfas) are exuded by glandular trichomes of many species in solanaceae, having an important defensive role against insects. from isotope-feeding studies, two modes of bcfa elongation have been proposed: (1) fatty acid synthase-mediated two-carbon elongation in the high acyl sugar-producing tomato species solanum pennellii and datura metel; and (2) alpha-keto acid elongation-mediated one-carbon increments in several tobacco (nicotiana) species an ... | 2008 | 18931142 |
| co-encapsulation of gallium with gentamicin in liposomes enhances antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the aim of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of a liposomal gentamicin formulation with gallium metal (lipo-ga-gen) against clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2008 | 18931388 |
| the fungal phytochrome fpha from aspergillus nidulans. | the red light-sensing photoreceptor fpha from aspergillus nidulans is involved in the regulation of developmental processes in response to light. here we present extended biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of recombinant fpha using a synthetic gene with host-adapted codon usage. the recombinant photosensory domain fphan753 was shown to display all features of a bona fide phytochrome. it covalently binds biliverdin as chromophore and undergoes red/far-red light-inducible photoconversi ... | 2008 | 18931394 |
| homologous recombination in agrobacterium: potential implications for the genomic species concept in bacteria. | according to current taxonomical rules, a bona fide bacterial species is a genomic species characterized by the genomic similarity of its members. it has been proposed that the genomic cohesion of such clusters may be related to sexual isolation, which limits gene flow between too divergent bacteria. homologous recombination is one of the most studied mechanisms responsible for this genetic isolation. previous studies on several bacterial models showed that recombination frequencies decreased ex ... | 2009 | 18936442 |
| the plant tpx2 protein regulates prospindle assembly before nuclear envelope breakdown. | the targeting protein for xklp2 (tpx2) is a central regulator of spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. the absence or excess of tpx2 inhibits spindle formation. we have defined a tpx2 signature motif that is present once in vertebrate sequences but twice in plants. plant tpx2 is predominantly nuclear during interphase and is actively exported before nuclear envelope breakdown to initiate prospindle assembly. it localizes to the spindle microtubules but not to the interdigitating polar microtubul ... | 2008 | 18941054 |
| phenotypic expression, stability, and inheritance of a recessive resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato. | tomato-infecting begomoviruses comprise a complex of monopartite and bipartite virus species that cause severe yield and quality losses worldwide. therefore, the availability of wide spectrum resistance for begomovirus control is desirable. however, limited sources of resistance are available. in this study, three tomato inbred lines with resistance to bipartite begomoviruses of brazil were tested for resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (ty ... | 2008 | 18943231 |
| pepper (capsicum annuum) is a dead-end host for tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | abstract tomato yellow leaf curl (tylc) is one of the most devastating pathogens affecting tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. the disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, two of which, tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), are responsible for epidemics in southern spain. tylcv also has been reported to cause severe damage to common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) crops. pepper (capsicum annuum) plants collected from commercial ... | 2005 | 18943307 |
| development of spontaneous hygromycin b resistance in monilinia fructicola and its impact on growth rate, morphology, susceptibility to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, and sporulation. | abstract agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with plasmids carrying the hygromycin b resistance gene hph frequently is being used for inserting genes into fungal spores and mycelial cells and for conducting insertional mutagenesis to identify genes connected to a particular phenotype. in this article, we report that stable hygromycin b resistance can develop spontaneously in germinating conidia from monilinia fructicola and that the mutants exhibit altered phenotypes. one spontaneo ... | 2003 | 18944062 |
| vire1-mediated resistance to crown gall in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | abstract crown gall disease, caused by agrobacterium tumefaciens, remains a serious agricultural problem despite current biocontrol methods. agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers single-stranded dna (t-strands) into plant cells along with several virulence proteins, including a single-stranded dna-binding protein (vire2). in plant cells, t-strands are protected from nucleases and targeted to the nucleus by vire2, which is essential for efficient transmission (transfer and integration) of t-strands ... | 2006 | 18944210 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fusarium oxysporum: an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis and gene transfer. | abstract agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) has long been used to transfer genes to a wide variety of plants and has also served as an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis. in this paper, we report the construction of four novel binary vectors for fungal transformation and the optimization of an atmt protocol for insertional mutagenesis, which permits an efficient genetic manipulation of fusarium oxysporum and other phytopathogenic fungi to be achieved. employing the ... | 2001 | 18944391 |
| antimicrobial activity of culture filtrate of bacillus amyloliquefaciens rc-2 isolated from mulberry leaves. | abstract a potential antagonist, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain rc-2, against colletotrichum dematium, mulberry anthracnose fungus, was obtained from healthy mulberry leaves by in vitro and in vivo screening techniques. application of culture filtrate of rc-2 inhibited disease on mulberry leaves, indicating that suppression was due to antifungal compounds in the filtrate. development of mulberry anthracnose on mulberry leaves was inhibited only when the culture filtrate was applied before fun ... | 2001 | 18944392 |
| displacement of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-sr by tylcv-is in tomato epidemics in spain. | abstract a progressive displacement of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-sr by tylcv-is was observed in tomato epidemics in southern spain based on incidence data of both virus species obtained during surveys conducted between 1996 and 1998. ecological factors that might be involved in such a displacement, such as competition of tylcv-sr and tylcv-is in tomato, transmission by local biotypes (b and q) of bemisia tabaci, and presence in weeds and alternate crops, have been analyzed. no select ... | 1999 | 18944659 |
| effect of antibiosis on antagonist dose-plant disease response relationships for the biological control of crown gall of tomato and cherry. | abstract the crown gall pathosystem was used to evaluate a model that describes the dose-response relationship between biological control agents and plant pathogens. the model predicts that this relationship can become asymptotic, such that increased antagonist doses cannot compensate for deficiencies in disease suppression. wounded roots of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and cherry (prunus mahaleb) plants were dipped into different concentrations of the biological control organism agrobacteri ... | 1999 | 18944744 |
| behavior of a virulent strain derived from agrobacterium radiobacter strain k84 after spontaneous ti plasmid acquisition. | abstract the behavior of the virulent transconjugant k84n6 derived from agrobacterium radiobacter strain k84 after spontaneous ti plasmid transfer in crown gall tissue in a biocontrol experiment was studied and compared with the behavior of the wild-type a. tumefaciens donor of the ti plasmid. the main difference between the strains was a greatly reduced ability of the transconjugant to catabolize nopaline. host range, ability to induce tumors in several fruit trees, and stability of the pathoge ... | 1999 | 18944772 |
| arabidopsis casein kinase 1-like 6 contains a microtubule-binding domain and affects the organization of cortical microtubules,. | members of the casein kinase 1 (ck1) family are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein kinases that are involved in various cellular, physiological, and developmental processes in yeast and metazoans, but the biological roles of ck1 members in plants are not well understood. here, we report that an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ck1 member named casein kinase 1-like 6 (ckl6) associates with cortical microtubules in vivo and phosphorylates tubulins in vitro. the unique c-terminal domain ... | 2008 | 18945931 |
| transcriptional modulation of ethylene response factor protein jerf3 in the oxidative stress response enhances tolerance of tobacco seedlings to salt, drought, and freezing. | abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, and salinity affect normal growth and development in plants. the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) cause oxidative stress under these abiotic conditions. recent research has elucidated the significant role of ethylene response factor (erf) proteins in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. our earlier functional analysis of an erf protein, jerf3, indicated that jerf3-expressing tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) adapts better to salinity ... | 2008 | 18945933 |
| the arabidopsis calcium sensor calcineurin b-like 3 inhibits the 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase in a calcium-dependent manner. | calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins represent a unique family of calcium sensors in plant cells. sensing the calcium signals elicited by a variety of abiotic stresses, cbls transmit the information to a group of serine/threonine protein kinases (cbl-interacting protein kinases [cipks]), which are currently known as the sole targets of the cbl family. here, we report that the cbl3 member of this family has a novel interaction partner in addition to the cipk proteins. extensive yeast two-hybrid scre ... | 2008 | 18945934 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the dermatophyte, trichophyton mentagrophytes: an efficient tool for gene transfer. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) was used to facilitate gene transfer into the clinically important dermatophyte, trichophyton mentagrophytes (teleomorph: arthroderma vanbreuseghemii). a binary vector containing a hygromycin b resistance cassette was introduced into a. tumefaciens, and the resultant strain was co-cultivated with fungal small conidia. transformation yielded a large number of hygromycin b-resistant transformants. hybridization analysis showed that most of t ... | 2009 | 18951290 |
| the agrobacterium rhizogenes galls gene encodes two secreted proteins required for genetic transformation of plants. | agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizogenes are related pathogens that cause crown gall and hairy root diseases, which result from integration and expression of bacterial genes in the plant genome. single-stranded dna (t strands) and virulence proteins are translocated into plant cells by a type iv secretion system. vird2 nicks a specific dna sequence, attaches to the 5' end, and pilots the dna into plant cells. a. tumefaciens translocates single-stranded dna-binding protein vire2 int ... | 2009 | 18952790 |
| four virb6 paralogs and virb9 are expressed and interact in ehrlichia chaffeensis-containing vacuoles. | the type iv secretion system is an important virulence factor in several host cell-associated pathogens, as it delivers various bacterial macromolecules to target eukaryotic cells. genes homologous to several virb genes and vird4 of agrobacterium tumefaciens are found in an intravacuolar pathogen ehrlichia chaffeensis, the tick-borne causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. in particular, despite its small genome size, e. chaffeensis has four tandem virb6 paralogs (virb6-1, -2, -3, and - ... | 2009 | 18952796 |
| overexpression of tierf1 enhances resistance to sharp eyespot in transgenic wheat. | wheat sharp eyespot, primarily caused by a soil-borne fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, has become one of the most serious diseases of wheat in china. in this study, an ethylene response factor (erf) gene from a wheat relative thinopyrum intermedium, tierf1, was characterized further, transgenic wheat lines expressing tierf1 were developed, and the resistance of the transgenic wheat lines against r. cerealis was investigated. southern blotting analysis indicated that at least two copies of the tierf1 ... | 2008 | 18953072 |
| oslic, a novel ccch-type zinc finger protein with transcription activation, mediates rice architecture via brassinosteroids signaling. | rice architecture is an important agronomic trait and a major limiting factor for its high productivity. here we describe a novel ccch-type zinc finger gene, oslic (oraza sativaleaf and tiller angle increased controller), which is involved in the regulation of rice plant architecture. oslic encoded an ancestral and unique ccch type zinc finge protein. it has many orthologous in other organisms, ranging from yeast to humane. suppression of endogenous oslic expression resulted in drastically incre ... | 2008 | 18953406 |
| quorum sensing primes the oxidative stress response in the insect endosymbiont, sodalis glossinidius. | sodalis glossinidius, a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont of tsetse flies (glossina spp.), uses an acylated homoserine lactone (ahl)-based quorum sensing system to modulate gene expression in accordance with bacterial cell density. the s. glossinidius quorum sensing system relies on the function of two regulatory proteins; sogi (a luxi homolog) synthesizes a signaling molecule, characterized as n-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone (ohhl), and sogr1 (a luxr homolog) interacts with ohh ... | 2008 | 18958153 |
| crystal structure and activity of bacillus subtilis yoaj (exlx1), a bacterial expansin that promotes root colonization. | we solved the crystal structure of a secreted protein, exlx1, encoded by the yoaj gene of bacillus subtilis. its structure is remarkably similar to that of plant beta-expansins (group 1 grass pollen allergens), consisting of 2 tightly packed domains (d1, d2) with a potential polysaccharide-binding surface spanning the 2 domains. domain d1 has a double-psi beta-barrel fold with partial conservation of the catalytic site found in family 45 glycosyl hydrolases and in the mlta family of lytic transg ... | 2008 | 18971341 |
| intermediate filament-like proteins in bacteria and a cytoskeletal function in streptomyces. | actin and tubulin cytoskeletons are conserved and widespread in bacteria. a strikingly intermediate filament (if)-like cytoskeleton, composed of crescentin, is also present in caulobacter crescentus and determines its specific cell shape. however, the broader significance of this finding remained obscure, because crescentin appeared to be unique to caulobacter. here we demonstrate that if-like function is probably a more widespread phenomenon in bacteria. first, we show that 21 genomes of 26 phy ... | 2008 | 18976278 |
| a novel cloning strategy for isolating, genotyping and phenotyping genetic variants of geminiviruses. | viruses of the genus begomovirus (geminiviridae) are emerging economically important plant viruses with a circular, single-stranded dna genome. previous studies have shown that geminiviruses and rna viruses exhibit similar mutation frequencies, although geminiviruses are replicated by host dna polymerases and rna viruses by their own virus-encoded error-prone rna-dependent rna-polymerase. however, the phenotypic effects of naturally occurring mutations have never been extensively investigated in ... | 2008 | 18976479 |
| rolling circle amplification-mediated hairpin rna (rmhr) library construction in plants. | long hairpin rna (lhrna) construct-induced gene silencing facilitates the study of gene function in plants and animals, but constructing multiple lhrna vectors using traditional approaches is both time-consuming and costly. also, most of the existing approaches are based on sequence-specific cloning of individual sequences, and are therefore not suitable for preparing hprna libraries from a pool of mixed target sequences. here we describe a rolling-circle amplification (rca)-mediated hprna (rmhr ... | 2008 | 18978012 |
| efd is an erf transcription factor involved in the control of nodule number and differentiation in medicago truncatula. | mechanisms regulating legume root nodule development are still poorly understood, and very few regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. here, we describe efd (for ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation), a gene that is upregulated during nodulation in medicago truncatula. the efd transcription factor belongs to the ethylene response factor (erf) group v, which contains ern1, 2, and 3, three erfs involved in nod factor signaling. the role of efd in the regulation ... | 2008 | 18978033 |
| expression and physiological relevance of agrobacterium tumefaciens phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis genes. | phosphatidylcholine (pc), or lecithin, is the major phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes, whereas only 10% of all bacteria are predicted to synthesize pc. in rhizobiaceae, including the phytopathogenic bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens, pc is essential for the establishment of a successful host-microbe interaction. a. tumefaciens produces pc via two alternative pathways, the methylation pathway and the pcs pathway. the responsible genes, pmta (coding for a phospholipid n-methyltransferase) and ... | 2009 | 18978052 |
| rpoh(ii) activates oxidative-stress defense systems and is controlled by rpoe in the singlet oxygen-dependent response in rhodobacter sphaeroides. | photosynthetic organisms need defense systems against photooxidative stress caused by the generation of highly reactive singlet oxygen ((1)o(2)). here we show that the alternative sigma factor rpoh(ii) is required for the expression of important defense factors and that deletion of rpoh(ii) leads to increased sensitivity against exposure to (1)o(2) and methylglyoxal in rhodobacter sphaeroides. the gene encoding rpoh(ii) is controlled by rpoe, and thereby a sigma factor cascade is constituted. we ... | 2009 | 18978062 |
| rpoh(ii) activates oxidative-stress defense systems and is controlled by rpoe in the singlet oxygen-dependent response in rhodobacter sphaeroides. | photosynthetic organisms need defense systems against photooxidative stress caused by the generation of highly reactive singlet oxygen ((1)o(2)). here we show that the alternative sigma factor rpoh(ii) is required for the expression of important defense factors and that deletion of rpoh(ii) leads to increased sensitivity against exposure to (1)o(2) and methylglyoxal in rhodobacter sphaeroides. the gene encoding rpoh(ii) is controlled by rpoe, and thereby a sigma factor cascade is constituted. we ... | 2009 | 18978062 |
| the luxr family quorum-sensing activator mrtr requires its cognate autoinducer for dimerization and activation but not for protein folding. | mrtr, a luxr homolog in mesorhizobium tianshanense, is important for symbiosis. we found that mrtr requires its cognate n-acylhomoserine lactone for forming dimers, binding to a single dna site and activating the downstream promoter. however, mrtr is able to fold independently of its ligand. | 2009 | 18978063 |
| specific detection of viable legionella cells by combined use of photoactivated ethidium monoazide and pcr/real-time pcr. | legionella organisms are prevalent in manmade water systems and cause legionellosis in humans. a rapid detection method for viable legionella cells combining ethidium monoazide (ema) and pcr/real-time pcr was assessed. ema could specifically intercalate and cleave the genomic dna of heat- and chlorine-treated dead legionella cells. the ema-pcr assay clearly showed an amplified fragment specific for legionella dna from viable cells, but it could not do so for dna from dead cells. the number of em ... | 2009 | 18978073 |
| specific detection of viable legionella cells by combined use of photoactivated ethidium monoazide and pcr/real-time pcr. | legionella organisms are prevalent in manmade water systems and cause legionellosis in humans. a rapid detection method for viable legionella cells combining ethidium monoazide (ema) and pcr/real-time pcr was assessed. ema could specifically intercalate and cleave the genomic dna of heat- and chlorine-treated dead legionella cells. the ema-pcr assay clearly showed an amplified fragment specific for legionella dna from viable cells, but it could not do so for dna from dead cells. the number of em ... | 2009 | 18978073 |
| characterization of copper-resistant agrobacterium isolated from legume nodule in mining tailings. | a copper-resistant bacteria ccnwsx2332 was isolated from root nodules of lespedeza cuneata growing in a gold mining tailing region in northwest of china. the specific growth rate of the strain was 0.62 microh(-1) in the presence of 2.0 mm cu(2+) in ty liquid media, and the maximum copper accumulation of whole cell reached 147.03 microm cu(2+) per gram (dry weight) after 4 h incubation. a partial sequence of the copper resistance gene copa was amplified from the strain, and the phylogenetic analy ... | 2009 | 18979058 |
| a toolbox and procedural notes for characterizing novel zinc finger nucleases for genome editing in plant cells. | the induction of double-strand breaks (dsbs) in plant genomes can lead to increased homologous recombination or site-specific mutagenesis at the repair site. this phenomenon has the potential for use in gene targeting applications in plant cells upon the induction of site-specific genomic dsbs using zinc finger nucleases (zfns). zinc finger nucleases are artificial restriction enzymes, custom-designed to cleave a specific dna sequence. the tools and methods for zfn assembly and validation could ... | 2009 | 18980651 |
| acyl-homoserine-lactone autoinducer in the gastrointestinal [corrected] tract of feedlot cattle and correlation to season, e. coli o157:h7 prevalence, and diet. | acyl-homoserine-lactone autoinducer (ahl) produced by nonenterohemorrhagic escherichia coli species in cattle appears to be required for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (git). the current research aimed to examine the effect of season, diet, ehec shedding, and location within the git on ahl prevalence in the ruminant. luminal content samples were collected from the rumen and rectum of feedlot cattle at slaughter in the spring, summer, fall, and winter ... | 2009 | 18982388 |
| acyl-homoserine-lactone autoinducer in the gastrointestinal [corrected] tract of feedlot cattle and correlation to season, e. coli o157:h7 prevalence, and diet. | acyl-homoserine-lactone autoinducer (ahl) produced by nonenterohemorrhagic escherichia coli species in cattle appears to be required for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (git). the current research aimed to examine the effect of season, diet, ehec shedding, and location within the git on ahl prevalence in the ruminant. luminal content samples were collected from the rumen and rectum of feedlot cattle at slaughter in the spring, summer, fall, and winter ... | 2009 | 18982388 |
| molecular determinants of a symbiotic chronic infection. | rhizobial bacteria colonize legume roots for the purpose of biological nitrogen fixation. a complex series of events, coordinated by host and bacterial signal molecules, underlie the development of this symbiotic interaction. rhizobia elicit de novo formation of a novel root organ within which they establish a chronic intracellular infection. legumes permit rhizobia to invade these root tissues while exerting control over the infection process. once rhizobia gain intracellular access to their ho ... | 2008 | 18983260 |
| plant-produced vaccines: promise and reality. | plant-produced vaccines are a much-hyped development of the past two decades, whose time to embrace reality may have finally come. vaccines have been developed against viral, bacterial, parasite and allergenic antigens, for humans and for animals; a wide variety of plants have been used for stable transgenic expression as well as for transient expression via agrobacterium tumefaciens and plant viral vectors. a great many products have shown significant immunogenicity; several have shown efficacy ... | 2009 | 18983932 |
| purification and characterization of the lipid a 1-phosphatase lpxe of rhizobium leguminosarum. | lpxe, a membrane-bound phosphatase found in rhizobium leguminosarum and some other gram-negative bacteria, selectively dephosphorylates the 1-position of lipid a on the outer surface of the inner membrane. lpxe belongs to the family of lipid phosphate phosphatases that contain a tripartite active site motif and six predicted transmembrane helices. here we report the purification and characterization of r. leguminosarum lpxe. a modified lpxe gene, encoding a protein with an n-terminal his6 tag, w ... | 2009 | 18984595 |
| infiltration with agrobacterium tumefaciens induces host defense and development-dependent responses in the infiltrated zone. | despite the widespread use of agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genes into plant systems, host responses to this plant pathogen are not well understood. the present study shows that disarmed strains of agrobacterium induce distinct host responses when infiltrated into leaves of nicotiana tabacum. the responses are limited to the infiltrated zone and consist of i) induction of pathogenesis-related (pr) gene pr-1 expression and resistance to subsequent infection with tobacco mosaic virus, ii) ... | 2008 | 18986249 |
| chronic postoperative roseomonas endophthalmitis. | we report one case with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis caused by roseomonas species. roseomonas spp. induced chronic endophthalmitis, which might result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment and causes ocular damage and severe visual loss. this report is the first one related to a case with postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to roseomonas infection. | 2009 | 18987177 |