| ability of ixodes persulcatus, haemaphysalis concinna and dermacentor silvarum ticks to acquire and transstadially transmit borrelia garinii. | in china, the ability of ixodes persulcatus, haemaphysalis concinna and dermacentor silvarum to transmit borrelia spirochetes was determined under laboratory conditions. results showed that all three tick species can acquire spirochetes by feeding on infected mice. however, the capability of the three species to maintain spirochetes was different. only i. persulcatus is able to maintain spirochetes alive during molting, and subsequent tick stages transmitted the infection to naive mice. in h. co ... | 2003 | 14756409 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from novosibirsk region (west siberia, russia) based on direct pcr. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infecting ixodes persulcatus ticks near novosibirsk, russia were detected using pcr with primers specific to 5s and 23s rrna genes. two genospecies, b. afzelii and b. garinii, were identified by the pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with tru9-i restriction endonuclease. comparison of the corresponding nucleotide sequences revealed considerable diversity of the 5s-23s intergenic spacer structure among b. garinii. | 2003 | 14758874 |
| early detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in balb/c mice by co-feeding ixodes ricinus ticks. | in europe, borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by ixodes ricinus to animals and human. when infected and uninfected ticks co-feed on a host, spirochetes are transmitted from ticks to animal and also to uninfected ticks. here, we used uninfected ticks to co-feed with infected ticks on mice to evaluate this method to detect early infection in mice. a total of 128 mice were challenged by infected nymphs placed in capsules glued on the back of the mice. three days later uninfected larvae were added ... | 2003 | 14760973 |
| [study on ribotyping of lyme borreliosis spirochete in guizhou province]. | to define the main genotypes in guizhou agricultural areas by molecular epidemiologic investigation of 21 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato of lyme disease spirochetes and to provide the scientific bases for formulating a preventive policy. | 2003 | 14761632 |
| dropped head syndrome in mitochondriopathy. | in a 63-year-old, 165-cm-tall woman with a history of repeated tick bites, dilative cardiomyopathy, osteoporosis, progressive head ptosis with neck stiffness and cervical pain developed. the family history was positive for thyroid dysfunction and neuromuscular disorders. neurological examination revealed prominent forward head drop, weak anteflexion and retroflexion, nuchal rigidity, weakness of the shoulder girdle, cogwheel rigidity, and tetraspasticity. the lactate stress test was abnormal. el ... | 2004 | 14762708 |
| [case reports of borrelia infection in lakartidningen in 1909]. | | 2004 | 14763014 |
| ixodes scapularis ticks (acari: ixodidae) from louisiana are competent to transmit borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis. | the principal vector of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme borreliosis spirochete, in the northeast and midwestern regions of the united states is the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis. because of a favorable environment, i. scapularis is also plentiful in the south; however, a correlation with lyme borreliosis cases does not exist in this region of the united states. concern existed that something intrinsic to ticks found in louisiana could mitigate their ability to transmit b. burgdorferi. theref ... | 2003 | 14765677 |
| inability of one-step real-time pcr to detect borrelia burgdorferi dna in urine. | | 2004 | 14766897 |
| phospholipid synthesis in borrelia burgdorferi: bb0249 and bb0721 encode functional phosphatidylcholine synthase and phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase proteins. | phospholipids are an important component of bacterial membranes. borrelia burgdorferi differs from many other bacteria in that it contains only two major membrane phospholipids: phosphatidylglycerol (pg) and phosphatidylcholine (pc). b. burgdorferi appears to lack enzymes required for synthesis of pc through the well-described methylation pathway. however, b. burgdorferi does contain a gene (bb0249) with significant identity to a recently described phosphatidylcholine synthase gene (pcs) of sino ... | 2004 | 14766917 |
| good outcomes of lyme arthritis in 24 patients in an endemic area of switzerland. | to describe outcomes of treated lyme arthritis in an endemic area of western switzerland, where some of the first cases of lyme disease outside the united states were reported. | 2004 | 14769519 |
| [studies on the significance of treponema vincentii in the etiology of certain diseases of the gums]. | | 1950 | 14780611 |
| acute gastro-enteritis due to t. vincenti and b. fusiformis. | | 1950 | 14794202 |
| terramycin and spironema duttoni infections. | | 1951 | 14826798 |
| a comparison of eleven antibiotics in the treatment of borrelia anserina infection (spirochaetosis) in young chicks. | | 1951 | 14835454 |
| relapse phenomena in rats infected with single spirochetes (borrelia recurrentis var. turicatae). | | 1951 | 14861181 |
| [significance of the production of gelatinolytic enzyme as a distinctive character of streptococcus bombycis flugge]. | | 1951 | 14896890 |
| [absolute and relative activity of various antibiotics in experimental streptococcus hemolyticus, escherichia coli and borrelia duttonii infections]. | | 1952 | 14904548 |
| acquired resistance to penicillin and to neoarsphenamine in spirochaeta recurrentis. | | 1952 | 14904900 |
| inhibition of oral spirochetes by antibiotic agents in vitro. | | 1952 | 14917810 |
| a note on aureomycin in the treatment of white rats infected with spirochaeta duttoni. | | 1952 | 14926669 |
| studies on the immunology of spirochetoses. ii. immunologic relationships of treponema pallidum and borrelia anserina. | | 1952 | 14933679 |
| [transmission of the spirochete of madagascar relapsing fever (borrelia duttoni) by the ornithodoros moubata of madagascar]. | | 1952 | 14935763 |
| [ornithodorus tartakovskyi olenev 1931 and borrelia (spirochaeta) latychevi sofiev 1941]. | | 1952 | 14944073 |
| the susceptibility of spirillum minus and borrelia duttoni to streptomycin and penicillin. | | 1952 | 14944183 |
| [the long duration of the metacritical latent infection and the correlative warning in spanish north african relapsing fever]. | | 1952 | 14945097 |
| acarological risk of exposure to agents of tick-borne zoonoses in the first recognized italian focus of lyme borreliosis. | acarological risk was calculated as the probability of encountering at least one host-seeking ixodes ricinus tick infected by the pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in 100 m transects in the province of genoa, italy. the seasonal pattern of i. ricinus was studied using generalized estimating equations (gee) with negative binomial error, to consider overdispersion of tick counts and repeated sampling of the same dragging sites from april 1998 to march 1999. prevalence of infection by b. bu ... | 2003 | 14959782 |
| induction of cystic forms by different stress conditions in borrelia burgdorferi. | cystic forms of borrelia burgdorferi might represent a low metabolic activity state or phase of b. burgdorferi cells that allows the spirochete to survive in a hostile environment until conditions are favourable to multiply again. in this study we evaluated the rate of cyst formation induced by oxidative stress, ph variations, and heating, reconversion of cysts to vegetative forms, and some aspects of their metabolic activity. we observed cyst formation in the presence of extreme ph values, and ... | 2004 | 14961976 |
| lyme borreliosis in sweden--diagnostic performance of five commercial borrelia serology kits using sera from well-defined patient groups. | five commercial borrelia serology kits available in sweden were evaluated and compared for their diagnostic performance in sera from clinically well-characterized patient groups. with the clinically defined groups as the gold standard, i.e. without knowledge of antibody status in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, the diagnostic performance of the kits was compared and important differences in diagnostic usefulness were found. the kits from abbot and dako, that often predict clinically relevant borr ... | 2004 | 14961978 |
| dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by lps or infected by borrelia. | to specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were used for the experiments. different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli - lps and live borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the elisa method. it was found that nonstimulated human pbmc proliferate under in vitro conditions and pr ... | 2003 | 14964289 |
| [longevity of forest and taiga ticks (ixodidae) infected and non-infected with borrelia burgdorferi groups]. | a life longevity of ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus have been examined in laboratory conditions. it was found that specimens infected with borreliae live slightly longer than non-infected ones (difference is not reliable); females live 1.5 times longer than males; i. ricinus lives 2-4 times longer than i. persulcatus. it is suggested that i. persulcatus has a higher rate of metabolism than i. ricinus and that the latter species obtains an ability to survive after the last moult two winters and ... | 2003 | 14964854 |
| outer-surface protein c of the lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals. | environmentally responsive synthesis of surface proteins represents a hallmark of the infectious cycle of the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi. here we created and analyzed a b. burgdorferi mutant lacking outer-surface protein c (ospc), an abundant osp that spirochetes normally synthesize in the tick vector during the blood meal and down-regulate after transmission to the mammal. we demonstrate that b. burgdorferi strictly requires ospc to infect mice but not to localize or migrate appro ... | 2004 | 14970347 |
| [optimization of serologic diagnosis of lime borreliosis]. | | 2003 | 14971329 |
| exposed and hidden lectin-binding epitopes at the surface of borrelia burgdorferi. | the presence of surface- and subsurface-located lectin-binding epitopes of borrelia burgdorferi was examined by electron microscopy using a variety of gold-labeled lectins. concanavalin a reacted predominantly with extracellular material adjacent to the spirochetes. wheat germ agglutinin bound weakly to the surface of borreliae; however, alterations of the outer membrane by preincubation in 100 ppm triton x-100 or boiling uncovered numerous periplasmic sites recognized by the lectin. the peripla ... | 2003 | 14976724 |
| identification of novel virulence-associated genes via genome analysis of hypothetical genes. | the sequencing of bacterial genomes has opened new perspectives for identification of targets for treatment of infectious diseases. we have identified a set of novel virulence-associated genes (vag genes) by comparing the genome sequences of six human pathogens that are known to cause persistent or chronic infections in humans: yersinia pestis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, helicobacter pylori, borrelia burgdorferi, streptococcus pneumoniae, and treponema pallidum. this comparison was limited to genes ... | 2004 | 14977936 |
| cross-species surface display of functional spirochetal lipoproteins by recombinant borrelia burgdorferi. | surface-exposed lipoproteins of relapsing fever (rf) and lyme borreliosis borrelia spirochetes mediate certain interactions of the bacteria with their arthropod and vertebrate hosts. rf spirochetes such as borrelia hermsii serially evade the host's antibody response by multiphasic antigenic variation of vsp and vlp proteins. furthermore, the expression of vsp1 and vsp2 by borrelia turicatae is associated with neurotropism and higher blood densities, respectively. in contrast to rf borrelia speci ... | 2004 | 14977951 |
| populations of human t lymphocytes that traverse the vascular endothelium stimulated by borrelia burgdorferi are enriched with cells that secrete gamma interferon. | some diseases are characterized by prevalence in the affected tissues of type 1 t lymphocytes, which secrete gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and other proinflammatory cytokines. for example, type 1 t cells predominate in the lesions of patients with lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi. we used an in vitro model of the blood vessel wall to test the premise that the vascular endothelium actively recruits circulating type 1 t cells to such lesions. when t lymphocytes is ... | 2004 | 14977959 |
| dissolved oxygen levels alter gene expression and antigen profiles in borrelia burgdorferi. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, encounters many environmental signals as it cycles between the arthropod vector and mammalian hosts, including temperature, ph, and other host factors. to test the possibility that dissolved oxygen modulates gene expression in b. burgdorferi, spirochetes were exposed to differential levels of dissolved oxygen, and distinct alterations were observed at both the transcriptional and translational levels. specifically napa, a dps/dpr homologue invol ... | 2004 | 14977964 |
| ospb antibody prevents borrelia burgdorferi colonization of ixodes scapularis. | borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein ospb is expressed by spirochetes in the ixodes scapularis gut. ospb is transcribed from a bicistronic operon with ospa, a known spirochete adhesion gene in the tick gut. here we examine whether ospb also has a specific function in ticks. ospb specifically binds to a protein or protein complex within the tick gut. we also assessed whether selected nonborreliacidal ospb antibodies or f(ab)(2) fragments interfere with b. burgdorferi-tick attachment in vivo ... | 2004 | 14977984 |
| borrelia outer membrane surface proteins and transmission through the tick. | | 2004 | 14981110 |
| essential role for ospa/b in the life cycle of the lyme disease spirochete. | the molecular basis of how borrelia burgdorferi (bb), the lyme disease spirochete, maintains itself in nature via a complex life cycle in ticks and mammals is poorly understood. outer surface (lipo)protein a (ospa) of bb has been the most intensively studied of all borrelial molecular constituents, and hence, much has been speculated about the potential role(s) of ospa in the life cycle of bb. however, the precise function of ospa (along with that of its close relative and operonic partner, oute ... | 2004 | 14981112 |
| mpgn secondary to lyme disease. | lyme disease is a multisystem disorder with protean clinical manifestations that is caused by the tick-transmitted spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. infection caused by b burgdorferi is known to induce glomerulonephritis in animals. we report a patient with acute postinfection membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after the clinical multisystem manifestation of lyme disease, which was confirmed serologically. although the patient was dialysis dependent for a protracted period of 5 months, the ... | 2004 | 14981613 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis: clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular study of 106 cases. | lymphocytoma cutis (lc) is considered as the stereotypical example of the cutaneous b-cell pseudolymphomas. it can be induced by various antigenic stimuli including arthropod bites, vaccination, and drugs among others. in endemic regions, borrelia burgdorferi is the principal causative agent for lc. we studied retrospectively 108 biopsies from 106 patients (male : female, 48 : 58; mean age, 44.6; median, 51.5; range, 3-81) with b. burgdorferi-associated lc retrieved from the files of the departm ... | 2004 | 14984575 |
| lyme borreliosis (lyme disease): molecular and cellular pathobiology and prospects for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. | lyme borreliosis is a systemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by tick bites and maintained in a delicately balanced ecological cycle. recent increases in the population densities of tick hosts, the abundance of ticks and the proximity of man to natural tick habitats have led to an escalating worldwide incidence of lyme borreliosis, and nonspecific clinical manifestations have yielded significant misunderstanding of the disease. after entry, b. burg ... | 2004 | 14987414 |
| impaired host defense to infection and toll-like receptor 2-independent killing of borrelia burgdorferi clinical isolates in tlr2-deficient c3h/hej mice. | to investigate the role of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2)-mediated signaling in host innate defense and development of lyme disease, the pathogenicity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto clinical isolates representing two distinct genotypes (rst1 and rst3a) was assessed in tlr2(-/-) c3h/hej mice. all tlr2(-/-) mice infected with a b. burgdorferi rst1 isolate developed severe arthritis. the numbers of spirochetes in heart, joint and ear biopsy specimens were significantly higher in tlr2(-/-) mice ... | 2004 | 14987768 |
| molecular analysis of the channel-forming protein p13 and its paralogue family 48 from different lyme disease borrelia species. | the aetiological agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi cycles between its tick vector and mammalian hosts, implying that it can sense different environments and consequently change the expression of genes encoding several surface-associated proteins. the genome of the type strain b. burgdorferi b31 has revealed 175 different gene families. the p13 gene, situated on the chromosome, encodes a channel-forming protein that belongs to the gene family 48 consisting of eight additional paralogous ... | 2004 | 14993304 |
| unusual differential diagnosis of a swollen toe. | | 2004 | 14994416 |
| does a viral infection cause complex regional pain syndrome? | in 1990 omura, y. reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 as the major cause of chronic intractable pain and its effective treatment using mixture of epa & dha with selective drug uptake enhancement method. subsequently among the other causes of pain, he included chlamydia trachomatis, borrelia burgdorferi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, human herpes virus type 6, and circulatory disturbances. in order to test possible involvement of viral infection in complex regional pain syndrome (crps), a dis ... | 2003 | 14998056 |
| protein a/g dependent elisa a promising diagnostic tool in lyme disease seroprevalence in game animals and hunting dogs. | one of the major problems in serodiagnosis in wild animals is unavailability of specific antiglobulin conjugate. our study focuses on validation of protein a/g dependent elisa in game animals like deer and mouflons as well as in hunting dogs. binding ability of protein a/g-conjugate to antibodies was the highest in dogs followed by fallow deer and mouflons. three different whole cell borrelia antigens were used to evaluate antigen dependent variation. in new protein a/g-elisa the highest sensiti ... | 2004 | 15001314 |
| isolation and characterization of borrelia hermsii associated with two foci of tick-borne relapsing fever in california. | relapsing fever, caused by the spirochete borrelia hermsii and transmitted by the soft tick ornithodoros hermsi, is endemic in many rural mountainous areas of california. between 1996 and 1998, 12 cases of relapsing fever associated with two exposure sites in northern california were investigated. follow-up at exposure sites included collection of soft ticks and serum specimens from sylvatic rodents. attempts to cultivate spirochetes were made through inoculation of patient blood into mice and b ... | 2004 | 15004063 |
| first culture isolation of borrelia lonestari, putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness. | southern tick-associated rash illness (stari) is a lyme disease-like infection described in patients in the southeastern and south-central united states, where classic lyme disease is relatively rare. stari develops following the bite of a lone star tick (amblyomma americanum) and is thought to be caused by infection with an "uncultivable" spirochete tentatively named borrelia lonestari. in this study, wild lone star ticks collected from an area where b. lonestari is endemic were cocultured in a ... | 2004 | 15004069 |
| preferential presence of decorin-binding protein b (bba25) and bba50 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurologic lyme disease. | borrelia burgdorferi antibodies preferentially present in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were examined by differentially probing a b. burgdorferi expression library with csf and sera from patients with neurologic lyme disease. several phage clones selectively reacted with csf, and these genes were then expressed in recombinant form and used to detect specific antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. decorin-binding protein b (bba25) and bba50 (hypothetical protein) elicited immunoglobulin g ... | 2004 | 15004083 |
| evaluation of groel gene analysis for identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | the nucleotide sequences of the groel genes, the flagellin genes, and the 16s rrna genes from 22 reference strains of borrelia were compared. groel sequence analysis is useful not only in interspecies differentiation but also in intraspecies differentiation of borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii isolates. | 2004 | 15004091 |
| first isolation of borrelia lusitaniae from a human patient. | the first human isolate of borrelia lusitaniae recovered from a portuguese patient with suspected lyme borreliosis is described. this isolate, from a chronic skin lesion, is also the first human isolate of borrelia in portugal. different phenotypic and molecular methods are used to characterize it. | 2004 | 15004107 |
| [borrelia infection with shoulder pain as the primary symptom]. | | 2004 | 15005045 |
| immunoglobulin g antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in game animals and small mammals in eastern slovakia. | in a survey of game animals and small mammals, the sera of 185 animals were examined for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which causes lyme borreliosis. these animals comprised 59 fallow deer (dama dama), 56 mouflons (ovis musimon) and 70 small mammals of six different species. the sera of the fallow deer and the mouflons were examined by indirect haemagglutination assay. the sera of the small mammals were examined by modified enzyme- ... | 2003 | 15005560 |
| substantial rise in the prevalence of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a region of western germany over a 10-year period. | more than a decade after a study on the transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the siebengebirge, a nature reserve near bonn, germany, questing nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected again in three selected areas of the same low mountain range and examined for infection with b. burgdorferi sensu lato. between may and october 2001, a total of 1,754 ticks were collected by blanket dragging; 374 ticks were analyzed for b. burgdorferi sensu lato by both an immunofluo ... | 2004 | 15006781 |
| comparison of erythema migrans caused by borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii. | we compared epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with erythema migrans (em) caused by borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii. | 2004 | 15007737 |
| parry-romberg syndrome: a possible association with borreliosis. | progressive facial hemiatrophy or parry-romberg syndrome is a rare entity characterized by unilateral atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and the underlying bony structures. this syndrome has many features of linear scleroderma 'en coup de sabre' but is distinguished by more extensive involvement of the lower face with only slight cutaneous sclerosis. the onset typically occurs in childhood or young adult years. the aetiology of the condition is unknown. a case of progressive hemifacial atr ... | 2004 | 15009307 |
| acarologic risk of exposure to borrelia burgdorferi spirochaetes: long-term evaluations in north-western california, with implications for lyme borreliosis risk-assessment models. | over a 5-year period (1997-2001) the population densities of ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls (acari: ixodidae) nymphs infected with spirochaetes of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) were evaluated in areas of 2000 ha at two localities (chr, nine sites; hrec, seven sites) 25 km apart in mendocino county, north-western california. the 5-year median density of infected nymphs was significantly higher at chr than at hrec (0.51 vs. 0.09 per 100 m(2) and site-specific yearly densities exceeding o ... | 2004 | 15009444 |
| [lyme disease]. | | 2004 | 15011356 |
| detection of antibodies to tick salivary antigens among patients from a region of spain. | with a view to determine which tick species bite humans most frequently in the province of soria (spain) and to know whether these species act as vectors of rickettsia conorii and/or borrelia burgdorferi, we analysed the presence of antibodies against salivary proteins of several tick species and of antibodies against r. conorii and b. burgdorferi sensu lato in 102 samples of serum. the sera were collected from 63 patients who were treated for tick bites at the health services of the soria healt ... | 2004 | 15012027 |
| density of questing ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults infected by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in switzerland: spatio-temporal pattern at a regional scale. | lyme borreliosis, the most important vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere, causes health problem for populations in endemic areas. in the present study, the density of questing ixodes ricinus ticks and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) was examined in 11 areas located on the swiss plateau and in an alpine valley. from 1999 to 2001, free-living i. ricinus ticks were collected on a monthly basis by flagging vegetation in these areas. each tick was examined for th ... | 2004 | 15018770 |
| occurrence of borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii in ixodes ricinus ticks from southern moravia, czech republic. | during the years 1996-2000, a total of 2398 ixodes ricinus ticks were collected in three areas of southern moravia and eastern bohemia, czech republic, and examined by dark-field microscopy for the presence of spirochetes. the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks varied and depended upon the year. in 1996, the prevalence 6.8% was observed, during 1997 and 1998, it increased to 8.4% and 12.3%, respectively. the lowest prevalence was observed in 1999 (3.6%), and in 2000 ... | 2004 | 15018772 |
| [designing and clinical testing of immune-enzyme and immunofluorescence test systems for serodiagnosis of ixodes borreliosis]. | the methods of immune enzyme assay (miea) and of lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis (lifa) were used to work out the test systems for the detection (in blood serum of patients) of specific igm igg antibodies to the b. burgdorferi spirochete--a causative agent of ixodic borrelioses. the test system was clinically tested versus the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (iifr) and commercial immune enzyme test system (ciet). the results of antibodies' detection were shown to correlate with the a ... | 2004 | 15022545 |
| lyme borreliosis agents and the genetics and sex of their vector, ixodes ricinus. | the tick ixodes ricinus is responsible for the transmission and maintenance of a wide variety of pathogenic organisms in the northern hemisphere, among which lyme disease represents a major threat to humans. despite numerous studies, the epidemiology of the different bacterial species responsible for this disease remains unclear. recent evidence for a sex-biased genetic structure of its european vector leads us to analyse the consequences of this pattern on borrelia transmission. here we show th ... | 2004 | 15026017 |
| pleiotropic effects of inactivating a carboxyl-terminal protease, ctpa, in borrelia burgdorferi. | a gene encoding a putative carboxyl-terminal protease (ctpa), an unusual type of protease, is present in the borrelia burgdorferi b31 genome. the b. burgdorferi ctpa amino acid sequence exhibits similarities to the sequences of the ctpa enzymes of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6803 and higher plants and also exhibits similarities to the sequences of putative ctpa proteins in other bacterial species. here, we studied the effect of ctpa gene inactivation on the b. burgdorferi pro ... | 2004 | 15028692 |
| clinical and epidemiological features of lyme borreliosis in bulgaria. | data on disease expression and epidemiological characteristics of lyme borreliosis in south-eastern europe are scarce. | 2004 | 15030123 |
| a powerful combination: the use of positional scanning libraries and biometrical analysis to identify cross-reactive t cell epitopes. | studies on the elucidation of the specificity of the t cell receptor (tcr) at the antigen and peptide level have contributed to the current understanding of t cell cross-reactivity. historically, most studies of t cell specificity and degeneracy have relied on the determination of the effects on t cell recognition of amino acid changes at individual positions or mhc binding residues, and thus they have been limited to a small set of possible ligands. synthetic combinatorial libraries (scls), and ... | 2004 | 15036911 |
| production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by treponema pallidum, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., and leptospira interrogans in isolated rat kupffer cells. | stimulation of isolated rat kupffer cells by viable leptospira interrogans, treponema pallidum and borrelia garinii elicited cellular responses resulting in the release of different tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) levels, depending on the spirochetes. l. interrogans induced tnf-alpha levels higher than those achieved with b. garinii and t. pallidum (in this order), but lower than the levels achieved with lipopolysaccharide (lps). in contrast to l. interrogans, pretreatment of borreliae a ... | 2004 | 15039093 |
| whole-genome dna array analysis of the response of borrelia burgdorferi to a bactericidal monoclonal antibody. | identification and characterization of genes that contribute to infection with borrelia burgdorferi and, of those, genes that are targets of host responses is important for understanding the pathogenesis of lyme disease. the complement-independent bactericidal monoclonal antibody (mab) cb2 recognizes a carboxy-terminal, hydrophilic epitope of the outer surface protein b (ospb). cb2 kills b. burgdorferi by an unknown bactericidal mechanism. upon binding of cb2 to ospb, differentially expressed ge ... | 2004 | 15039324 |
| localization of bmpa on the exposed outer membrane of borrelia burgdorferi by monospecific anti-recombinant bmpa rabbit antibodies. | bmpa (p39) is an immunodominant chromosomally encoded borrelia burgdorferi protein. the potential strong cross-reactivity of anti-bmpa antibodies with the other members of this paralogous protein family and the previous use of antibodies whose reactivity to the other bmp proteins was uncharacterized have resulted in continued controversy over its localization in b. burgdorferi. in an effort to provide a definitive demonstration of the localization of bmpa, rabbit antibodies raised to recombinant ... | 2004 | 15039353 |
| adaptation of diverse lyme disease spirochetes in a natural rodent reservoir host. | we compared the relative reservoir competence of european wood mice for two genospecies of lyme disease spirochetes by analyzing susceptibility, intrinsic incubation period, and degree and duration of infectivity. borrelia afzelii, specializing in particular reservoir hosts, is better adapted to those hosts than is the more generalist genospecies b. burgdorferi sensu stricto. | 2004 | 15039378 |
| [emergence of tick-borne diseases in temperate countries]. | since a long time, many human tick-borne pathogens are known, but since 20 or 30 years, emerging tick-borne diseases are regularly reported. in temperate countries, all emerging diseases are bacteriosis : six rickettsiosis, one ehrlichiosis, one anaplasmosis and one borrelia spirochetosis. | 2004 | 15047466 |
| mr imaging in neuroborreliosis of the cervical spinal cord. | the central nervous system is involved in 10-20% of cases in lyme disease. the neurological symptoms, time course of the disease and imaging findings are multifaceted. we report two patients with cervical radiculitis. magnetic resonance imaging revealed strong enhancement of the cervical nerve roots on contrast-enhanced t1-weighted images. these imaging patterns of borrelia-associated radiculitis have not been reported before. knowledge of these imaging features may help to diagnose neuroborreli ... | 2004 | 15048581 |
| [appraisal of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis is due to infection with a tick-borne spirochete. the variety of signs and symptoms and also the laboratory tests of this multisystem illness often cause great problems in the appraisal of this disease. frequently indispositions are associated with positive antibody tests for borrelia burgdorferi. terms as fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome are often connected with the diagnosis of lyme disease. outdoor workers such as farmers, foresters, hunters, woodcutters and gamekeepe ... | 2004 | 15049470 |
| lyme borreliosis. | | 2004 | 15050933 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction test to confirm mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in culture. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was developed using the primer set derived from ismav2. the pcr product was 494 base pairs (bp) and could be digested with clai, which produced 311- and 183-bp fragments. no amplification of 494-bp dna fragment was detected from dna of other mycobacterium spp., including mycobacterium avium complex, other bacteria, including escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, actinobacillus pleuropneumo ... | 2004 | 15053361 |
| [fibrosing mediastinitis: a rare cause of fever]. | a 47-year-old woman was examined due to fever of unknown origin. she had been on holiday in southeast asia. routine laboratory investigations confirmed the presence of inflammation. serology for hepatitis b virus, hiv, borrelia, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, lues, epstein barr virus, brucellosis, bartonellosis, histoplasmosis and auto-immune factors was negative. ct-scans of the chest and abdomen failed to reveal the cause. finally, gallium-67 scintigraphy showed an increased uptake in the lef ... | 2004 | 15054952 |
| [diagnostic problems with borrelia burgdorferi infection in children]. | lyme borreliosis has become a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem of modern medicine. the occurrence of the disease in europe, and also in poland, has recently increased. diagnostic problems with borrelia burgdorferi infection result from non-characteristic course of the disease in children, without the 1 st stage of the disease (erythema migrans), negative history forwards tick bite, lack of seasonal changes in occurrence and difficulties with interpretation of serological tests results. ... | 2003 | 15058024 |
| [extrapulmonary complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common etiological factor in atypical pneumonia in children. the course of the disease is usually mild, but in some cases, especially in extrapulmonary localisation, it can pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic problems. the aim of this study was evaluation of extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children. | 2003 | 15058027 |
| transgenic expression of reca of the spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii in escherichia coli revealed differences in dna repair and recombination phenotypes. | after unsuccessful attempts to recover a viable reca-deficient mutant of the lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi, we characterized the functional activities of reca of b. burgdorferi, as well as reca of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii and the free-living spirochete leptospira biflexa, in a reca mutant of escherichia coli. as a control, e. coli reca was expressed from the same plasmid vector. dna damage repair activity was assessed after exposure of the transgenic cells to ... | 2004 | 15060027 |
| functional properties of borrelia burgdorferi reca. | functions of the borrelia burgdorferi reca protein were investigated in escherichia coli reca null mutants. complementation with b. burgdorferi reca increased survival of e. coli reca mutants by 3 orders of magnitude at a uv dose of 2,000 microj/cm(2). the viability at this uv dose was about 10% that provided by the homologous reca gene. expression of b. burgdorferi reca resulted in survival of e. coli at levels of mitomycin c that were lethal to noncomplemented hosts. b. burgdorferi reca was as ... | 2004 | 15060028 |
| isolated monolateral neurosensory hearing loss as a rare sign of neuroborreliosis. | lyme disease, or borreliosis, is a zoonosis transmitted by borrelia burgdorferi which also involves the central nervous system (cns), in 15% of affected individuals, with the occurrence of aseptic meningitis, fluctuating meningoencephalitis, or neuropathy of cranial and peripheral nerves. encephalopathy with white matter lesions revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans in late, persistent stages of lyme disease has been described. in this report, we describe a patient with few clinical ... | 2004 | 15060815 |
| ixodes ricinus density, and distribution and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection along an altitudinal gradient. | in this study, we measured the phenology of ixodes ricinus ticks and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) simultaneously along an altitudinal gradient to assess the impact of climate on the phenology of ticks and on their infection with b. burgdorferi sl. from 1999 to 2001, free-living i. ricinus ticks were collected monthly by flagging vegetation at three different altitudes (620, 740, and 900 m above sea level) on the slope of a mountain in chaumont (neuchâtel, switzerland ... | 2004 | 15061274 |
| lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, endemic in epicenter at turkey point, ontario. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, was discovered in blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say at turkey point, ontario, canada. we report the first isolation of b. burgdorferi from a vertebrate animal collected on mainland ontario. during this 2-yr study, spirochetes were isolated from the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus rafinesque, and attached i. scapularis larvae. similarly, isolates of b. burgdorferi were cultured from ... | 2004 | 15061282 |
| human behaviors elevating exposure to ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and their associated bacterial zoonotic agents in a hardwood forest. | epidemiological evidence suggests that the nymph of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls, is the primary vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, to humans in northwestern california. in spring 2002, six different human behaviors were evaluated as potential risk factors for acquiring i. pacificus nymphs in a deciduous woodland in mendocino county, california. also, the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sen ... | 2004 | 15061284 |
| comparison of the genome of the oral pathogen treponema denticola with other spirochete genomes. | we present the complete 2,843,201-bp genome sequence of treponema denticola (atcc 35405) an oral spirochete associated with periodontal disease. analysis of the t. denticola genome reveals factors mediating coaggregation, cell signaling, stress protection, and other competitive and cooperative measures, consistent with its pathogenic nature and lifestyle within the mixed-species environment of subgingival dental plaque. comparisons with previously sequenced spirochete genomes revealed specific f ... | 2004 | 15064399 |
| survival strategies of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. | to fight, flee or hide are the imperatives of long-term survival by an infectious microbe. active immune suppression, induction of immune tolerance, phase and antigenic variation, intracellular seclusion, and incursion into immune privileged sites are examples of survival strategies of persistent pathogens. here we critically review the supporting evidence for possible stratagems utilized by borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes lyme disease, to persist in the mammalian host. | 2004 | 15065567 |
| long term and repeated electron microscopy and pcr detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato after an antibiotic treatment. | the diagnosis of lyme disease in 18 patients has been proved by detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato when using immunoelectron microscopy or detecting its nucleic acid by pcr in the plasma or the cerebrospinal fluid. the positive results occurred in the plasma or in the cerebrospinal fluid in the period of 4-68 months after an antibiotic treatment. the typical clinical manifestations of lyme disease were observed in 9 patients and non-specific symptoms in another 9 patients. according to ... | 2004 | 15068199 |
| improvement in the laboratory recognition of lyme borreliosis with the combination of culture and pcr methods. | lyme disease is a multisystem, multistage infection caused by three genospecies of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species. the diagnosis of lyme disease is based on a history of tick-bite, physical examination, and serological tests. in the seronegative patients with lyme borreliosis symptoms, additional testing should be introduced. | 2003 | 15068385 |
| identification of three clinically relevant borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s-23s ribosomal dna spacer amplicons. | we report the results of a study of the prevalences of three clinically relevant borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia garinii) in 1,040 questing ixodes ticks from all regions of latvia, where lyme borreliosis is endemic. the prevalences of borrelia in ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus were 22.6 and 27.9%, respectively. molecular typing of b. burgdorferi from infected ticks was performed by restriction fragment length ... | 2004 | 15070987 |
| hypoglycorrhachia in lyme meningitis. | we describe a previously healthy 11-year-old girl with acute neuroborreliosis, who presented with left sixth cranial nerve palsy, elevated intracranial pressure, markedly elevated cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count and protein concentration and severe hypoglycorrhachia. these laboratory findings are atypical for neuroborreliosis. | 2004 | 15071301 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in a natural population of peromyscus leucopus mice: a longitudinal study in an area where lyme borreliosis is highly endemic. | blood samples from peromyscus leucopus mice captured at an enzootic site in connecticut were examined for antibodies to and dna of borrelia burgdorferi, to characterize the dynamics of infection in this reservoir population. from trappings conducted over the course of 2 transmission seasons, 598 (75%) of 801 serum samples from 514 mice were found to be positive by enzyme immunoassay. seropositivity correlated with date of capture and mouse age, was similar among locations within the site, increa ... | 2004 | 15073690 |
| [delusional disorders in the course of tick-born encephalitis and borreliosis in patients with hemophilia a and posttraumatic epilepsy--diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. | the aim of our work was to present the difficulties of the diagnosis and treatment which occurred during hospitalization of a 22-year-old patient diagnosed with type a hemophilia, posttraumatic epilepsy and carrier state of viral hepatitis c. the patient was transferred from psychiatric ward of hospital in parczew to the psychiatric clinical hospital of medical university in lublin due to difficulties in settlement of diagnosis and to lack of the treatment effects. the anamnesis results showed t ... | 2004 | 15074025 |
| the emergence of lyme disease. | since its identification nearly 30 years ago, lyme disease has continued to spread, and there have been increasing numbers of cases in the northeastern and north central us. the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi, causes infection by migration through tissues, adhesion to host cells, and evasion of immune clearance. both innate and adaptive immune responses, especially macrophage- and antibody-mediated killing, are required for optimal control of the infection and spirochetal eradication. ... | 2004 | 15085185 |
| pleural effusion as a manifestation of lyme disease. | we describe a 37-year-old woman who presented with bilateral pleural effusion combined with intermittent low grade fever. lyme disease was confirmed by seroreactivities against borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. the unique clinical findings reveal a rare manifestation with a possible association between b. burgdorferi infection and pleural effusion. | 2004 | 15088314 |
| identification and characterization of a linear-plasmid-encoded factor h-binding protein (fhba) of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii. | in north america, tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf) is caused by the spirochete species borrelia hermsii, borrelia parkeri, and borrelia turicatae. we previously demonstrated that some isolates of b. hermsii and b. parkeri are capable of binding factor h and that cell-bound factor h can participate in the factor i-mediated cleavage of c3b. isolates that bound factor h expressed a factor h-binding protein (fhbp) that we estimated to be approximately 19 to 20 kda in size and thus, pending further ... | 2004 | 15090501 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia burgdorferi erp promoter/operator elements. | many borrelia burgdorferi erp outer surface proteins have been demonstrated to bind the host complement regulator factor h, which likely contributes to the ability of these organisms to evade the host innate immune system. b. burgdorferi controls erp protein synthesis throughout the bacterial infectious cycle, producing the proteins during mammalian infections but repressing their synthesis during tick infections. defining the mechanism by which b. burgdorferi regulates the expression of these v ... | 2004 | 15090516 |
| new genomospecies related to borrelia valaisiana, isolated from mammals in okinawa archipelago, japan. | in 2000 and 2001, a survey was conducted of borrelia isolated from various mammals in the southernmost islands of japan, including okinawa (main island), izena, iriomote and ishigaki. isolates obtained from the ear tissues of suncus murinus (10 isolates), mus calori (four isolates), rattus norvegicus (one isolate) and crocidura watasei (one isolate), were characterized by rflp of the 5s-23s rdna intergenic spacer and sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer, 16s rdna and flagellin gene. while ... | 2004 | 15096552 |
| conformational heterogeneity of an equilibrium folding intermediate quantified and mapped by scanning mutagenesis. | it is challenging to experimentally define an energy landscape for protein folding that comprises multiple partially unfolded states. experimental results are often ambiguous as to whether a non-native state is conformationally homogeneous. here, we tested an approach combining systematic mutagenesis and a brønsted-like analysis to reveal and quantify conformational heterogeneity of folding intermediate states. using this method, we resolved an otherwise apparently homogeneous equilibrium foldin ... | 2004 | 15099747 |