| a new subclass of exoribonuclease-resistant rna found in multiple genera of flaviviridae. | viruses have developed innovative strategies to exploit the cellular machinery and overcome the antiviral defenses of the host, often using specifically structured rna elements. examples are found in the flavivirus genus (in the family flaviviridae), where during flaviviral infection, pathogenic subgenomic flaviviral rnas (sfrnas) accumulate in the cell. these sfrnas are formed when a host cell 5' to 3' exoribonuclease degrades the viral genomic rna but is blocked by an exoribonuclease-resistant ... | 2020 | 32994331 |
| neurological development, epilepsy, and the pharmacotherapy approach in children with congenital zika syndrome: results from a two-year follow-up study. | clinical outcomes related to congenital zika syndrome (czs) include microcephaly accompanied by specific brain injuries. among several czs outcomes that have been described, epilepsy and motor impairments are present in most cases. pharmacological treatment for seizures resulting from epilepsy is performed with anticonvulsant drugs, which in the long term are related to impairments in the child's neuropsychomotor development. here, we describe the results from a two-year follow-up of a cohort of ... | 2020 | 32992985 |
| perceptions and emotional state of mothers of children with and without microcephaly after the zika virus epidemic in rural caribbean colombia. | zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy can cause neurological manifestations such as microcephaly. the aim of this study was to explore perceptions of zikv and mental health in women exposed to zikv during pregnancy in colombia. this was a mixed-methods study based on structured interviews and psychological tests. structured interviews were transcribed and analysed with atlas ti software. a grounded theory approach was applied. quantitative analysis was performed with statistical package f ... | 2020 | 32992703 |
| age and geographic dependence of zika virus infection during the outbreak on yap island, 2007. | intensive surveillance of zika virus infection conducted on yap island has provided crucial information on the epidemiological characteristics of the virus, but the rate of infection and medical attendance stratified by age and geographical location of the epidemic have yet to be fully clarified. in the present study, we reanalyzed surveillance data reported in a previous study. likelihood-based bayesian inference was used to gauge the age and geographically dependent force of infection and age- ... | 2020 | 32987571 |
| downregulation of igf2 expression in third trimester placental tissues from zika virus infected women in brazil. | screening for genes differentially expressed in placental tissues, aiming to identify transcriptional signatures that may be involved in zikv congenital pathogenesis. | 2020 | 32987099 |
| surveillance of invasive aedes mosquitoes along swiss traffic axes reveals different dispersal modes for aedes albopictus and ae. japonicus. | over the past three decades, europe has witnessed an increased spread of invasive aedine mosquito species, most notably aedes albopictus, a key vector of chikungunya, dengue and zika virus. while its distribution in southern europe is well documented, its dispersal modes across the alps remain poorly investigated, preventing a projection of future scenarios beyond its current range in order to target mosquito control. to monitor the presence and frequency of invasive aedes mosquitoes across and ... | 2020 | 32986704 |
| long-term outcomes of infants with congenital zika virus infection in ecuador: a retrospective longitudinal study. | few congenital zika syndrome (czs) cases have been notified in ecuador and, to our knowledge, there are no significant published studies dealing with their clinical evolution. we present a detailed clinical characterization of 21 children with congenital zika virus (zikv) infection born in ecuador who were followed up until september 2019. | 2020 | 32984903 |
| zika induces human placental damage and inflammation. | in brazil, an epidemic of zika virus (zikv) infections was declared in 2015 that coincided with alarming reports of microcephaly in newborns associated with mother infection. although the virus has placental tropism, changes in the tissue morphology and immunity of infected patients have not yet been elucidated. here, we investigated the histopathological and ultrastructural changes along with the immunological profile and the bdnf expression in rare placental material. tissues were obtained in ... | 2020 | 32983175 |
| identifying optimal capsid duplication length for the stability of reporter flaviviruses. | abstract mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses cause widespread disease across the world. to provide better molecular tools for drug screens and pathogenesis studies, we report a new approach to produce stable nanoluc-tagged flaviviruses, including dengue virus serotypes 1-4, japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, west nile virus, and zika virus. since the reporter gene is often engineered at the capsid gene region, the capsid sequence must be duplicated to flank the reporter gene; such ca ... | 2020 | 32981479 |
| protective and enhancing interactions among dengue viruses 1-4 and zika virus. | dengue viruses 1-4 (denv 1-4) and zika virus (zikv) are closely related flaviviruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes that co-circulate in asia, the americas, africa, and oceania. here, we review recent and historical literature on in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical and epidemiological studies to describe how the sequence of denv 1-4 and zikv infections modulates subsequent dengue and zika disease outcome. overall, we find these interactions are asymmetric. immunity from a prior de ... | 2020 | 32979816 |
| dengue and zika viruses: epidemiological history, potential therapies, and promising vaccines. | dengue virus (denv), which can lead to fatal hemorrhagic fever, affects 390 million people worldwide. the closely related zika virus (zikv) causes microcephaly in newborns and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. both viruses are mostly transmitted by aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which, due to globalization of trade and travel alongside climate change, are spreading worldwide, paving the way to denv and zikv transmission and the occurrence of new epidemics. local outbreaks have a ... | 2020 | 32977703 |
| effector cd8 t cell-dependent zika virus control in the cns: a matter of time and numbers. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, came into the spotlight in 2016 when it was found to be associated with an increased rate of microcephalic newborns in brazil. the virus has further been recognized to cause neurologic complications in children and adults in the form of myelitis, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) and guillain barre syndrome in a fraction of infected individuals. with the ultimate goal of identifying correlates of protection to guide the desi ... | 2020 | 32973802 |
| field-deployable molecular diagnostic platform for arbovirus detection in aedes aegypti. | surveillance of mosquito infection status is critical for planning and deployment of proper mosquito control initiatives. point-of-care (poc) detection assays are necessary for monitoring the infection prevalence and geographical range of viruses in mosquito vector populations. we therefore assessed the novel real-time pcr (qpcr) bcube (hyris, london, uk) molecular diagnostic system as a tool for virus detection. | 2020 | 32972453 |
| a screening study of high affinity peptide as molecular binder for axl, tyrosine kinase receptor involving in zika virus entry. | the recent extensive spread of zika virus has led to increased interest in the development of early diagnostic tests. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the successful use of phage display to identify affinity peptides for quantitative analysis of axl, a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in zika virus entry. biopanning of m13 phage library successfully identified a high affinity peptide, with the sequence ahnhtpikqkyl. to study the feasibility of using free pept ... | 2020 | 32971483 |
| evaluation of immunoglobulin m-specific capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and commercial tests for flaviviruses diagnosis by a national reference laboratory. | zika and dengue viruses present considerable immunological cross-reactivity, resulting in a troublesome serodiagnosis due to occurrence of false positive results. due to brazil's wide variety of circulating flaviviruses we aimed to access the use of in house serological tests adapted by national reference laboratory for arboviruses in brazil and evaluate commercial tests available. we evaluated in house igm elisas for the individual detection of anti-zikv, -denv, and -yfv igm, against a panel of ... | 2020 | 32971183 |
| azithromycin in viral infections. | azithromycin (azm) is a synthetic macrolide antibiotic effective against a broad range of bacterial and mycobacterial infections. due to an additional range of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties, it has been given to patients with the coronaviruses sars-cov or mers-cov. it is now being investigated as a potential candidate treatment for sars-cov-2 having been identified as a candidate therapeutic for this virus by both in vitro and in silico drug screens. to date there are no randomised ... | 2020 | 32969125 |
| inositol-requiring enzyme 1α promotes zika virus infection through regulation of stearoyl coenzyme a desaturase 1-mediated lipid metabolism. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus which has become a global epidemic threat due to its rapid spread and association with serious consequences of infection, including neonatal microcephaly. inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (ire1α) is an endoplasmic reticulum (er)-related transmembrane protein that mediates unfolded protein response (upr) pathway and has been indicated to play an important role in flavivirus replication. however, the mechanism of how ire1α affects zikv replica ... | 2020 | 32967957 |
| clinical, virological, and immunological profiles of denv, zikv, and/or chikv-infected brazilian patients. | arboviruses co-circulating within a population that are transmitted by the same vector have the potential to cause coinfections. coinfections with dengue virus (denv), zika virus (zikv), and chikungunya virus (chikv) have been occurring in brazil, but it is not well-understood how human responses vary during mono- or coinfections and whether they play different roles in pathogenesis. | 2020 | 32966990 |
| zika virus seroprevalence in women who gave birth during zika virus outbreak in brazil - a prospective observational study. | the recent zika virus (zikv) outbreak in brazil started in august 2015 and ended in may 2017 without effective public health measures for its control have been taken. the immunological status of a community may not only predict future outbreaks as well to answer questions regarding zikv not known yet. | 2020 | 32964154 |
| identification of inhibitors of zikv replication. | zika virus (zikv) was identified in 1947 in the zika forest of uganda and it has emerged recently as a global health threat, with recurring outbreaks and its associations with congenital microcephaly through maternal fetal transmission and guillain-barré syndrome. currently, there are no united states (us) food and drug administration (fda)-approved vaccines or antivirals to treat zikv infections, which underscores an urgent medical need for the development of disease intervention strategies to ... | 2020 | 32961956 |
| production of zika virus virus-like particles. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that has caused major outbreaks of disease around the world over the last few years. the infectious zikv consists of a structural protein outer shell surrounding a nucleocapsid. virus-like particles (vlp) consist of the outer structural protein shell, but without the nucleocapsid, and are hence noninfectious. vlp, however, are structurally equivalent to the native virus and thus present a similar antigenic profile. these properties make them good ... | 2021 | 32959245 |
| maternal infections. | congenital infections are infections transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy (transplacentally) or delivery (peripartum). they have the potential to adversely affect fetal development and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome through inflammatory, destructive, developmental, or teratogenic lesions of the brain. because the fetal/neonatal brain has a limited capacity to respond to injury, early inflammatory changes may be difficult to visualize and only manifest as neurocognitive disabil ... | 2020 | 32958187 |
| surveillance of aedes aegypti populations in the city of praia, cape verde: zika virus infection, insecticide resistance and genetic diversity. | aedes spp. are responsible for the transmission of many arboviruses, which contribute to rising human morbidity and mortality worldwide. the aedes aegypti mosquito is a main vector for chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever infections, whose incidence have been increasing and distribution expanding. this vector has also driven the emergence of the zika virus (zikv), first reported in africa which spread rapidly to asia and more recently across the americas. during the outbreak in the americas, cap ... | 2020 | 32958043 |
| epidemiologic and spatiotemporal trends of zika virus disease during the 2016 epidemic in puerto rico. | after zika virus (zikv) emerged in the americas, laboratory-based surveillance for arboviral diseases in puerto rico was adapted to include zikv disease. | 2020 | 32956416 |
| risk of zika virus-associated birth defects in congenital confirmed cases in the brazilian amazon. | to establish the risk of microcephaly in neonates born to women infected with zikv during pregnancy. | 2020 | 32952536 |
| dengue and zika virus infections are enhanced by live attenuated dengue vaccine but not by recombinant dsv4 vaccine candidate in mouse models. | a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine, dengvaxia, sensitised naïve recipients to severe dengue illness upon a subsequent natural dengue infection and is suspected to be due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ade). ade has also been implicated in the severe neurological outcomes of zika virus (zikv) infection. it has become evident that cross-reactive antibodies targeting the viral pre-membrane protein and fusion-loop epitope are ade-competent. a pre-clinical tetravalent dengue sub-unit va ... | 2020 | 32949997 |
| castanospermine reduces zika virus infection-associated seizure by inhibiting both the viral load and inflammation in mouse models. | zika virus (zikv) outbreaks have been reported worldwide, including a recent occurrence in brazil where it spread rapidly, and an association with increased cases of microcephaly was observed in addition to neurological issues such as gbs that were reported during previous outbreaks. following infection of neuronal tissues, zikv can cause inflammation, which may lead to neuronal abnormalities, including seizures and paralysis. therefore, a drug containing both anti-viral and immunosuppressive pr ... | 2020 | 32949636 |
| pyriproxyfen does not cause microcephaly or malformations in a preclinical mammalian model. | pyriproxyfen is used in brazil to combat epidemics of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus. this study assessed the effects of pyriproxyfen on reproductive performance, embryo-fetal development, head measurements, and dna integrity in a preclinical model. thirty pregnant mice were divided into three groups (n = 10): control (drinking water-0.1 ml/10 g (body weight-b.w., gavage) and treated with pyriproxyfen 0.0002 mg/kg and 0.0021 mg/kg (b.w., gavage) during the gestational period. an ... | 2020 | 32948939 |
| assessing the role of two populations of aedes japonicus japonicus for zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime. | since the huge epidemic of zika virus (zikv) in brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. however, other aedes species (e.g. ae. albopictus and ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other flaviviruses (e.g. west nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vectors for zikv under laboratory conditions. one of these, the asian bush mosquito, ae. japonicus, is wide ... | 2020 | 32948231 |
| disulfide reduction allosterically destabilizes the β-ladder subdomain assembly within the ns1 dimer of zikv. | the zika virus (zikv) was responsible for a recent debilitating epidemic that till date has no cure. a potential way to reduce zikv virulence is to limit the action of the nonstructural proteins involved in its viral replication. one such protein, ns1, encoded as a monomer by the viral genome, plays a major role via symmetric oligomerization. we examine the homodimeric structure of the dominant β-ladder segment of ns1 with extensive all atom molecular dynamics. we find it stably bounded by two s ... | 2020 | 32946768 |
| ivermectin as a broad-spectrum host-directed antiviral: the real deal? | the small molecule macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, approved by the us food and drug administration for parasitic infections, has received renewed attention in the last eight years due to its apparent exciting potential as an antiviral. it was identified in a high-throughput chemical screen as inhibiting recognition of the nuclear localizing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) integrase protein by the host heterodimeric importin (imp) α/β1 complex, and has since been shown to bind directly to ... | 2020 | 32942671 |
| clinical and laboratory findings of acute zika virus infection in patients from salvador during the first brazilian epidemic. | several major epidemics of zika fever, caused by the zika virus (zikv), have emerged in brazil since early 2015, eventually spreading to other countries on the south american continent. the present study describes the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of patients with confirmed acute zikv infection during the first epidemic that occurred in salvador, brazil. all included patients were seen at the emergency room of a private tertiary hospital located in salvador, brazil from 2015 th ... | 2020 | 32941805 |
| characterization of zika virus infection of human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. | zika virus (zikv) is a single-stranded rna virus belonging to the family flaviviridae. zikv predominantly enters cells using the tam-family protein tyrosine kinase receptor axl, which is expressed on a range of cell types, including neural progenitor cells, keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoblasts. zikv infections have been associated with fetal brain damage, which prompted the world health organization to declare a public health emergency in 2016. zikv infection has also been linked to b ... | 2020 | 32941515 |
| obstetric and perinatal outcomes in cases of congenital zika syndrome. | to describe obstetric and perinatal outcomes in cases of congenital zika syndrome (czs). | 2020 | 32939752 |
| diagnostic approach for arboviral infections in the united states. | domestic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are single stranded rna viruses, the most common of which include the mosquito-borne west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, la crosse virus, jamestown canyon virus, and eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as the tick-borne powassan virus. previously considered to be rare infections, they have been detected with increasing frequency over the past 2 decades. here, we present an overview of the domestic arboviruses listed above and descr ... | 2020 | 32938736 |
| punica granatum leaf ethanolic extract and ellagic acid as inhibitors of zika virus infection. | zika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. zika virus is responsible for severe neurological effects, such as paralytic guillain-barrè syndrome, in adults, and also congenital malformations, especially microcephaly. no specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are currently available, and treatments are palliative, but medicinal plants show great potential as natural sources of anti-zika phytochemicals. this study deals with the investigation of the compos ... | 2020 | 32937663 |
| placental alkaline phosphatase promotes zika virus replication by stabilizing viral proteins through bip. | zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy causes intrauterine growth defects and microcephaly, but knowledge of the mechanism through which zikv infects and replicates in the placenta remains elusive. here, we found that alpp, an alkaline phosphatase expressed primarily in placental tissue, promoted zikv infection in both human placental trophoblasts and astrocytoma cells. alpp bound to zikv structural and nonstructural proteins and thereby prevented their proteasome-mediated degradation and ... | 2020 | 32934082 |
| old drugs with new tricks: efficacy of fluoroquinolones to suppress replication of flaviviruses. | repurposing fda-approved compounds could provide the fastest route to alleviate the burden of disease caused by flaviviruses. in this study, three fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, difloxacin and ciprofloxacin, curtailed replication of flaviviruses zika (zikv), dengue (denv), langat (lgtv) and modoc (modv) in hek-293 cells at low micromolar concentrations. time-of-addition assays suggested that enoxacin suppressed zikv replication at an intermediate step in the virus life cycle, whereas ciprofloxacin ... | 2020 | 32933138 |
| uncertainties, fear and stigma: perceptions of zika virus among pregnant women in spain. | similar to other epidemics, knowledge about zika virus (zikv) relies upon information often coming from outside the health system. this study aimed to explore views, perceptions and attitudes towards zikv among migrant women from central and south america, diagnosed with zikv infection during pregnancy, and to comprehend healthcare professionals' perceptions of zikv. an exploratory qualitative study, based on phenomenology and grounded theory, was conducted in barcelona, spain. data were collect ... | 2020 | 32933007 |
| the neurodevelopmental spectrum of congenital zika infection: a scoping review. | to describe the standardized neurodevelopmental outcomes after the first year of life in children with congenital zika syndrome (czs) and those exposed to zika virus (zikv) during fetal life, but without microcephaly at birth. | 2020 | 32931050 |
| sterility of gamma-irradiated pathogens: a new mathematical formula to calculate sterilizing doses. | in recent years there has been increasing advocacy for highly immunogenic gamma-irradiated vaccines, several of which are currently in clinical or pre-clinical trials. importantly, various methods of mathematical modelling and sterility testing are employed to ensure sterility. however, these methods are designed for materials with a low bioburden, such as food and pharmaceuticals. consequently, current methods may not be reliable or applicable to estimate the irradiation dose required to steril ... | 2020 | 32930781 |
| supramolecular mechanism of viral envelope disruption by molecular tweezers. | broad-spectrum antivirals are powerful weapons against dangerous viruses where no specific therapy exists, as in the case of the ongoing sars-cov-2 pandemic. we discovered that a lysine- and arginine-specific supramolecular ligand (clr01) destroys enveloped viruses, including hiv, ebola, and zika virus, and remodels amyloid fibrils in semen that promote viral infection. yet, it is unknown how clr01 exerts these two distinct therapeutic activities. here, we delineate a novel mechanism of antivira ... | 2020 | 32926779 |
| association between congenital cytomegalovirus and the prevalence at birth of microcephaly in the united states. | congenital cytomegalovirus (ccmv) has received far less clinical and public health attention as a teratogenic infection than the zika virus epidemic. however, ccmv may be responsible for a large fraction of microcephaly cases in the united states. | 2020 | 32926077 |
| zika virus ns2a protein induces the degradation of kpna2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy. | kpna2/importin-alpha1 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) is the primary nucleocytoplasmic transporter for some transcription factors to activate cellular proliferation and differentiation. aberrant increase of kpna2 level is identified as a prognostic marker in a variety of cancers. yet, the turnover mechanism of kpna2 remains unknown. here, we demonstrate that kpna2 is degraded via the chaperone-mediated autophagy (cma) and that zika virus (zikv) enhances the kpna2 degradation. kpna2 contains a cma ... | 2020 | 32924767 |
| viruses harness yxxø motif to interact with host ap2m1 for replication: a vulnerable broad-spectrum antiviral target. | targeting a universal host protein exploited by most viruses would be a game-changing strategy that offers broad-spectrum solution and rapid pandemic control including the current covid-19. here, we found a common yxxø-motif of multiple viruses that exploits host ap2m1 for intracellular trafficking. a library chemical, n-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (aca), was identified to interrupt ap2m1-virus interaction and exhibit potent antiviral efficacy against a number of viruses in vitro and in vi ... | 2020 | 32923629 |
| early maternal zika infection predicts severe neonatal neurological damage: results from the prospective natural history of zika virus infection in gestation cohort study. | to define the prevalence of adverse outcomes of maternal infection in a large cohort of zikv-infected brazilian women and their infants. | 2020 | 32920998 |
| unfolding the future: self-controlled catalytic nanomotor in healthcare system. | nanomotors, multimetallic systems are biologically inspired self-propelled tiny engines able to perform difficult tasks of transporting cargos from one end to another in presence of hydrogen peroxide fuel. nanomotors can revolutionize the drug delivery system at the desired target by converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. nanomotors exhibit unique properties like moving at higher speed, self-propulsion and drilling into the complex cellular environment. the review focuses on fuel dep ... | 2020 | 32919683 |
| contraception and post abortion services: qualitative analysis of users' perspectives and experiences following zika epidemic in honduras. | zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy has severe consequences on the new-born. the world health organization declared the zika outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern (pheic) in 2016. health facilities in the regions most affected by zika lacked the capacity to respond to the increased demand for contraception. the objectives were to explore healthcare users' perceptions regarding contraception, zika prevention during pregnancy and post-abortion care (pac) servic ... | 2020 | 32919474 |
| zika virus enhances dengue risk. | | 2020 | 32918039 |
| inhibition of zika virus infection by fused tricyclic derivatives of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-3(3ah)-one. | zika virus (zikv) infection represents a significant threat to the global health system, and the search for efficient antivirals to zikv remains necessary and urgent. in this study, we extended the exploration of our previously discovered scaffold of 1h-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-1-one and revealed that two trans isomers of compounds 2 and 7 and one mixture with major trans isomer of compound 3 as novel tetrahydroquinoline-fused imidazolone derivatives are active against zikv infection but they are ... | 2020 | 32916389 |
| the anti-zika virus and anti-tumoral activity of the citrus flavanone lipophilic naringenin-based compounds. | flavonoids are natural products widely recognized for their plurality of applications such as antiviral, antiproliferative, antitumor activities and, antioxidant properties. the flavanone naringenin is presented in citrus fruits and has been studied to combat recurrent diseases that still lack effective treatment. research groups have been investing efforts to the development of new, safe and active candidates to combat these agents or conditions and despite good results recently reported agains ... | 2020 | 32916141 |
| assessing the quality of the systems of care for children with congenital zika virus infection and other neurodevelopmental disabilities in the united states pacific island territories. | congenital zika virus (zikv) infection can cause lifelong medical and developmental conditions and management needs. there is limited information on the strengths and weaknesses of the systems of care for addressing zikv and other neurodevelopmental disabilities (nrd) in the united states (us) affiliated pacific island territories. therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the quality of the chronic illness systems of care for children with congenital zikv and other nrd in the us pacific ... | 2020 | 32914095 |
| mothers as facilitators for a parent group intervention for children with congenital zika syndrome: qualitative findings from a feasibility study in brazil. | the zika virus outbreak in brazil (2015-2016) affected thousands of children who were born with congenital zika syndrome (czs). families play an important role in their care of children with complex needs, yet their knowledge, experience and skills are rarely harnessed in existing interventions to best support these families. | 2020 | 32913354 |
| modulation of acyl-carnitines, the broad mechanism behind wolbachia-mediated inhibition of medically important flaviviruses in aedes aegypti. | wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are refractory to flavivirus infections, but the role of lipids in wolbachia-mediated virus blocking remains to be elucidated. here, we use liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to provide a comprehensive picture of the lipidome of aedes aegypti (aag2) cells infected with wolbachia only, either dengue or zika virus only, and wolbachia-infected aag2 cells superinfected with either dengue or zika virus. this approach identifies a class of lipids, acyl-carnitines, as ... | 2020 | 32913052 |
| electrical status epilepticus during sleep in patients with congenital zika virus syndrome: an unprecedented clinical finding. | brazil experienced a disproportionately higher rate of microcephaly cases in november 2015 with evidence of a causal link with zika virus (zikv) infections during pregnancy. epilepsy is a major neurological feature seen as part of congenital zika virus syndrome (czvs). different seizure types and electroencephalographic (eeg) abnormalities have been described in association with this syndrome. however, clinical and neurophysiological features of epilepsy seen in children with czvs are not fully ... | 2020 | 32911235 |
| the kv1.3 ion channel acts as a host factor restricting viral entry. | virus entry into cells is the initial stage of infection and involves multiple steps, and interfering viral entry represents potential antiviral approaches. ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins controlling cellular ion homeostasis and regulating many physiological processes, but their roles during viral infection have rarely been explored. here, the functional kv1.3 ion channel was found to be expressed in human hepatic cells and tissues. the kv1.3 was then revealed to restrict hcv en ... | 2020 | 32910509 |
| accelerating the morphogenetic cycle of the viral vector aedes aegypti larvae for faster larvicidal bioassays. | any bioassay to test new chemically synthesized larvicides or phytolarvicides against culicidae and more harmful mosquito species, such as aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, which specifically transmit dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya viral fevers as well as zika virus, or anopheles gambiae, a vector for malaria and philariasis, requires thousands of well-developed larvae, preferably at the fourth instar stage. the natural morphogenetic cycle of aedes spp., in the field or in the laboratory, m ... | 2020 | 32908910 |
| neural progenitor cell pyroptosis contributes to zika virus-induced brain atrophy and represents a therapeutic target. | mounting evidence has associated zika virus (zikv) infection with congenital malformations, including microcephaly, which raises global alarm. nonetheless, mechanisms by which zikv disrupts neurogenesis and causes microcephaly are far from being understood. in this study, we discovered direct effects of zikv on neural progenitor cell development by inducing caspase-1- and gasdermin d (gsdmd)-mediated pyroptotic cell death, linking zikv infection with the development of microcephaly. importantly, ... | 2020 | 32907937 |
| first aid intervention with mothers/caregivers of children affected by the zika virus in brazil. | children with microcephaly associated with the zika virus are more likely to develop choking and apnea, so it is necessary that mothers of this population receive first aid training to cope with emergency situations that their children may experience. | 2020 | 32907768 |
| harringtonine inhibits zika virus infection through multiple mechanisms. | mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus that came under intense study from 2014 to 2016 for its well-known ability to cause congenital microcephaly in fetuses and neurological guillain-barré disease in adults. substantial research on screening antiviral agents against zikv and preventing zikv infection are globally underway, but food and drug administration (fda)-approved treatments are not available yet. compounds from chinese medicinal herbs may offer an opportunity for potential ther ... | 2020 | 32906689 |
| mrna and mirna profiling of zika virus-infected human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells identifies mir-142-5p as an antiviral factor. | zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy is associated with congenital brain abnormalities, a finding that highlights the urgent need to understand mother-to-fetus transmission mechanisms. human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucmscs) are susceptible to zikv infection but the underlying mechanisms of viral susceptibility remain largely unexplored. in this study, we have characterized and compared host mrna and mirna expression profiles in hucmscs after infection with two lineages of ... | 2020 | 32902370 |
| advances in neonatal infections. | despite continued advances and developments in neonatal medicine, neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality and a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. sepsis accounts for mortality for almost 50% of global children under 5 years of age.over the past 50 years, there have been many advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neonatal infections. the diagnostic advances include better culture techniques that permit more rapid confirmati ... | 2020 | 32898875 |
| zika virus induces myocardial immune response and myocarditis in mice. | | 2020 | 32898533 |
| zika virus transmission by brazilian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus is virus dose and temperature-dependent. | zika virus (zikv) emerged in the pacific ocean and subsequently caused a dramatic pan-american epidemic after its first appearance in the northeast region of brazil in 2015. the virus is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. we evaluated the role of temperature and infectious doses of zikv in vector competence of brazilian populations of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. | 2020 | 32898136 |
| pregnant women's perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials. | despite historical exclusion, there has been recent recognition of the need to address the health of pregnant women in research on vaccines against emerging pathogens. however, pregnant women's views and decision-making processes about vaccine research participation during infectious disease outbreaks remain underexplored. this study aims to examine women's decision-making processes around vaccine research participation during infectious disease outbreaks. | 2020 | 32893036 |
| follow-up household serosurvey in northeast brazil for zika virus: sexual contacts of index patients have the highest risk for seropositivity. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne virus that is also transmitted sexually, however, the epidemiological relevance of zikv sexual transmission in endemic regions is unclear. | 2020 | 32888023 |
| a zika vaccine generated using the chimeric insect-specific binjari virus platform protects against fetal brain infection in pregnant mice. | zika virus (zikv) is the etiological agent of congenital zika syndrome (czs), a spectrum of birth defects that can lead to life-long disabilities. a range of vaccines are in development with the target population including pregnant women and women of child-bearing age. using a recently described chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology based on the novel insect-specific binjari virus (binjv), we generated a zikv vaccine (binj/zika-prme) and illustrate herein its ability to protect against fetal br ... | 2020 | 32887302 |
| lab-on-a-chip zika detection with reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based assay for point-of-care settings. | zika virus (zikv) infection, primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, causes various neurologic disorders. to differentiate zikv from other arboviruses, such as dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, a highly specific, sensitive, and automated detection system is needed for point-of-care (poc) settings. | 2020 | 32886758 |
| comparison of oropharyngeal dysphagia in brazilian children with prenatal exposure to zika virus, with and without microcephaly. | severe brain damage associated with zika-related microcephaly (zrm) have been reported to result in oropharyngeal dysphagia (opd); however, it is unknown if opd presents in children with prenatal zika virus (zikv) exposure but only mild or undetectable abnormalities. the aims of this study were: to compare the frequency and characteristics of opd in children with zrm and in children without microcephaly born to mothers who tested polymerase chain reaction positive (pcr+) for zikv during pregnanc ... | 2020 | 32886254 |
| evaluation of larvicidal efficacy of ricinus communis (castor) and synthesized green silver nanoparticles against aedes aegypti l. | aedes mosquitoes are the most important group of vectors that transmit pathogens, including arboviruses, and cause human diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus, and chikungunya. biosynthesis and the use of green silver nanoparticles (agnps) is a vital step to identify reliable and eco-friendly controls for these vectors. in this study, aedes (ae.) aegypti larvae (2nd and 3rd instar) were exposed to leaf extracts of ricinus communis (castor) and agnps synthesized from the extract ... | 2020 | 32884423 |
| ns1-based dna vaccination confers mouse protective immunity against zikv challenge. | the recent pandemic of zika virus (zikv) infections highlight the urgent need for the development of a safe and efficacious zikv vaccine. we previously demonstrated that robust humoral and cellular immunity was elicited in balb/c mice by zikv dna vaccine encoding the precursor membrane (prm) and envelope (e) proteins while the protective efficacies were not evaluated against zikv challenge. to further explore the protective immunity elicited by various targets of zikv, we constructed a novel dna ... | 2020 | 32882433 |
| cohort profile: congenital zika virus infection and child neurodevelopmental outcomes; zika en embarazadas y niños (zen) cohort study in colombia. | zika en embarazadas y niños (zen) is a prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors and modifiers for zika virus (zikv) infection in pregnant women, partners, and infants, as well as assess the risk for adverse maternal, fetal, infant, and childhood outcomes of zikv and other congenital infections. zikv infection during pregnancy may be associated with long-term sequelae. 1519 pregnant women and 287 partners were enrolled from three departments within colombia between february 2017 ... | 2020 | 32882120 |
| feeding modifications and additional primary caregiver support for infants exposed to zika virus or diagnosed with congenital zika syndrome: a rapid review of the evidence. | infants exposed to zika virus (zikv) or diagnosed with congenital zika syndrome (czvs) may present dysphagia, regurgitation and other feeding difficulties. they may require special feeding practices to minimise the risk of mortality, morbidity and developmental problems. improving knowledge, skills and behaviours of caregivers may preserve health, maximise development and promote quality of life among affected infants. we reviewed intervention studies of modified feeding practices and additional ... | 2020 | 32881216 |
| congenital zika virus infection: a review with emphasis on the spectrum of brain abnormalities. | in 2016, the world health organization declared the zika virus (zikv) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern following a cluster of associated neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. our aim is to review the clinical and neuroimaging findings seen in congenital zika syndrome. | 2020 | 32880775 |
| mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling activation antagonizes autophagy to facilitate zika virus replication. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, is linked to microcephaly and other neurological defects in neonates and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. the molecular mechanisms regulating zikv infection and pathogenic outcomes are incompletely understood. signaling by the mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase is important for cell survival and proliferation, and viruses are known to hijack this pathway for their replication. here, we show that in human neuronal prec ... | 2020 | 32878890 |
| anti-flavivirus vaccines: review of the present situation and perspectives of subunit vaccines produced in escherichia coli. | this article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. aspects regarding development of vaccines to yellow fever virus, (yfv), dengue virus (denv), west nile virus (wnv), zika virus (zikv), and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based o ... | 2020 | 32878023 |
| [zika virus infection: what advice in post-epidemic situation?] | zika virus infection: what advice in post-epidemic situation? zika virus transmission is vector-borne, but it can also be sexual. the zika disease contracted by an adult or child is most often mild but infection of the woman during pregnancy can lead to severe neurological congenital lesions. the zika virus continues to circulate in many parts of the world. risk of infection during travel is low but cannot be overlooked. an infected man can be infectious, during sexual intercourse, up to 3 month ... | 2020 | 32877071 |
| identification of zika virus inhibitors using homology modeling and similarity-based screening to target glycoprotein e. | the world health organization has designated zika virus (zikv) as a dangerous, mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause severe developmental defects. the primary goal of this work was identification of small molecules as potential zikv inhibitors that target the viral envelope glycoprotein (zikv e) involved in membrane fusion and viral entry. a homology model of zikv e containing the small molecule β-octyl glucoside (bog) was constructed, on the basis of an analogous x-ray structure from dengue vi ... | 2020 | 32876433 |
| "it was god's will": continuing pregnancy after perinatal infection by zika virus. | to understand the influence of the religious beliefs on the decision of a group of women residing in the huila department to continue their pregnancies despite perinatal infection by the zika virus. | 2020 | 32876288 |
| [mental health from the perspective of women affected by the zika virus: an ethnographic study in pará state, brazil]. | the current study reflects on the zika virus outbreak that struck the brazilian population, with both physical and emotional aspects for all those affected. there is a particular group that has to deal on a daily basis with all the difficulties imposed by this new reality: women. the basic assumption of this approach is the need to learn about, understand, and grasp these biopsychosocial issues in all their breadth. it becomes necessary to delve into a relatively new context that mainly affected ... | 2020 | 32876126 |
| brazil's missing infants: zika risk changes reproductive behavior. | zika virus epidemics have potential large-scale population effects. controlled studies of mice and nonhuman primates indicate that zika affects fecundity, raising concerns about miscarriage in human populations. in regions of brazil, zika risk peaked months before residents learned about the epidemic and its relation to congenital anomalies. this spatiotemporal variation supports analysis of both biological effects of zika infection on fertility and the effects of learning about zika risk on rep ... | 2020 | 32875482 |
| public health response to zika virus exposure of air force members deployed to caribbean islands, 2016. | the emergence of zika virus disease (zvd) in areas of military operations provided a new opportunity for force health protection. zvd infection had an estimated 4:1 asymptomatic-to-symptomatic ratio and can cause neurologic sequelae. | 2020 | 32875318 |
| dysregulation of ephrin receptor and ppar signaling pathways in neural progenitor cells infected by zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) infection is a serious public threat with cases reported in about 70 countries and territories. one of the most serious consequences of zikv infection is congenital microcephaly in babies. congenital microcephaly has been suggested to result from infection of neural progenitor cells (npcs) in the developing fetal brain. however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying microcephaly development remains to be fully elucidated. in this study, we employed quantitative prote ... | 2020 | 32873194 |
| zika virus ns4a cytosolic region (residues 1-48) is an intrinsically disordered domain and folds upon binding to lipids. | in flaviviruses, the ns4a is an integral transmembrane protein that contributes to form virus-induced membrane curvature. however, structural features of ns4a are not documented in zika virus, and it is one of the least characterized proteins. thus, this work focused on investigating the secondary structural elements of the zika virus ns4a, where we characterized the cytosolic region of protein ns4a (residues 1-48) under variable environmental conditions. we found ns4a (residues 1-48) as an intr ... | 2020 | 32871423 |
| transcriptomic analyses of aedes aegypti cultured cells and ex vivo midguts in response to an excess or deficiency of heme: a quest for transcriptionally-regulated heme transporters. | aedes aegypti is the principle vector of many arboviruses, including dengue virus and zika virus, which are transmitted when an infected female mosquito takes a blood meal in order to initiate vitellogenesis. during blood digestion, ~ 10 mm heme-iron is ingested into the midgut lumen. while heme acts as both a nutrient and signaling molecule during blood digestion, it can also be highly toxic if left unchaperoned. both signaling by, and degradation of, heme are intracellular processes, occurring ... | 2020 | 32867680 |
| recent advances in the development of virus-like particle-based flavivirus vaccines. | flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as zika virus (zikv), dengue virus (denv), west nile virus (wnv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). they have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. in this review, we summarized virus-like particle (vlp)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. potential s ... | 2020 | 32867194 |
| jmx0207, a niclosamide derivative with improved pharmacokinetics, suppresses zika virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. | flaviviruses causes significant human disease. recent outbreaks of the zika virus highlight the need to develop effective therapies for this class of viruses. previously we identified niclosamide as a broad-spectrum inhibitor for flaviviruses by targeting the interface between viral protease ns3 and its cofactor ns2b. here, we screened a small library of niclosamide derivatives and identified a new analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties. compound jmx0207 showed improved efficacy in in ... | 2020 | 32866370 |
| ml-sa1, a selective trpml agonist, inhibits denv2 and zikv by promoting lysosomal acidification and protease activity. | arboviruses, especially dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv), have been a severe threat to human health in the last few years due to uncontrollable transmission. there are no approved vaccines or clinical drugs available for use to prevent and treat their infections. transient receptor potential mucolipin 2 and 3 (trpml2 and trpml3) were reported to modulate viral entry, but the antiviral function of these modulators was unknown. here, we reported that ml-sa1, a trpml agonist, inhibited den ... | 2020 | 32858116 |
| microphysiological systems of the placental barrier. | methods to evaluate maternal-fetal transport across the placental barrier have generally involved clinical observations after-the-fact, ex vivo perfused placenta studies, or in vitro transwell assays. given the ethical and technical limitations in these approaches, and the drive to understand fetal development through the lens of transport-induced injury, such as with the examples of thalidomide and zika virus, efforts to develop novel approaches to study these phenomena have expanded in recent ... | 2020 | 32858104 |
| strategies and safeguards to ensure access to long-acting reversible contraception removal after the zika contraception access network ended: a prospective analysis of patient reported complaints. | the zika contraception access network (z-can) was a short-term emergency response intervention that used contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy to reduce zika-related adverse birth outcomes during the 2016 2017 zika virus outbreak in puerto rico. strategies and safeguards were developed to ensure women who chose long-acting reversible contraception (larc) had access to no-cost removal, if desired, after z-can ended. | 2020 | 32858052 |
| zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease. | the zika pandemic sparked intense interest in whether immune interactions among dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 (denv1 to -4) extend to the closely related zika virus (zikv). we investigated prospective pediatric cohorts in nicaragua that experienced sequential denv1 to -3 (2004 to 2015), zika (2016 to 2017), and denv2 (2018 to 2020) epidemics. risk of symptomatic denv2 infection and severe disease was elevated by one prior zikv infection, one prior denv infection, or one prior denv infection foll ... | 2020 | 32855339 |
| zika virus increases risk of dengue disease. | | 2020 | 32855325 |
| speech-language disorders in children with congenital zika virus syndrome: a systematic review. | having verified the true association between the zika virus and the occurrence of microcephaly, studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the infection on fetal development. congenital zika virus syndrome is a currently known condition but little addressed regarding speech, language, and hearing disorders in children. | 2020 | 32853874 |
| zika infection disrupts proteins involved in the neurosensory system. | newly re-emerging viruses are of great global concern, especially when there are no therapeutic interventions available during the time of an outbreak. there are still no therapeutic interventions for the prevention of zika virus (zikv) infections despite its resurgence more than a decade ago. newborns infected with zikv suffer from microcephaly and delayed neurodevelopment, but the underlying causes are largely unknown. all viruses hijack the host cellular machinery to undergo successful replic ... | 2020 | 32850779 |
| wolbachia inhibits binding of dengue and zika viruses to mosquito cells. | as traditional approaches to the control of dengue and zika are insufficient, significant efforts have been made to develop utilization of the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia to reduce the ability of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens. although wolbachia is known to inhibit flaviviruses in mosquitoes, including dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv), it remains unclear how the endosymbiont interferes with viral replication cycle. in this study, we have carried out viral binding assays to inve ... | 2020 | 32849379 |
| zika virus replication in myeloid cells during acute infection is vital to viral dissemination and pathogenesis in a mouse model. | zika virus (zikv) can establish infection in immune privileged sites such as the testes, eye, and placenta. whether zikv infection of white blood cells is required for dissemination of the virus to immune privileged sites has not been definitively shown. to assess whether initial zikv replication in myeloid cell populations is critical for dissemination during acute infection, recombinant zikvs were generated that could not replicate in these specific cells. zikv was cell restricted by insertion ... | 2020 | 32847848 |
| zika; a continuous global threat to public health. | zika virus is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, especially, ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. about 80% of the cases do not manifest any symptoms, and it is a self-limiting, mild viral infection. in 20% of the cases and only in fraction of those who do show the symptoms, important complications including guillaine barre'syndrome and microcephaly may occur. the emergence of zika in 2016 in brazil spreading to about 70 other countries prompted the who officials to declare the disease a public health ... | 2020 | 32846650 |
| dzc diag: mobile application based on expert system to aid in the diagnosis of dengue, zika, and chikungunya. | dengue, zika, and chikungunya are epidemic diseases transmitted by the aedes mosquito. these virus infections can be so severe to the point of bringing on mobility and neurological problems, or even death. expert systems (es) can be used as tools for the identification of patterns intended to solve problems in the same way as a professional specialist would. this work aimed to develop an es in the form of an android application to serve as a supportive tool in the diagnosis of these arboviruses. ... | 2020 | 32845437 |
| increase in guillain-barré syndrome hospitalizations in brazil: an ecological study. | objective to describe the demographic characteristics and the spatio-temporal dynamics of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) hospitalizations in brazil between 2008 and 2017. methods this is an ecological study using data from the hospital information system of the brazilian national health system (sih/sus); gbs hospitalization rates were calculated and a control diagram was built; natural break ranges were used in the spatial analysis. results 15,512 gbs hospitalizations were recorded during the stu ... | 2020 | 32844917 |
| congenital zika syndrome: association between the gestational trimester of maternal infection, severity of brain computed tomography findings and microcephaly at birth. | this study analyzed possible associations between the trimester of maternal zika virus infection (zikv) in pregnancy, severity of brain computed tomography (ct) findings and the presence of microcephaly at birth in children with congenital zika syndrome (czs). it was an analytical study in a cohort of children with czs. symptoms of maternal infection were dichotomized into the 1st trimester of pregnancy and other trimesters. head circumference (hc) at birth was used to calculate the z-score. mil ... | 2020 | 32844907 |