| herpes simplex encephalitis in patients with cancer. | case reports and animal models suggest that chemotherapy, corticosteroids and radiotherapy (rt) may increase the risk of herpes simplex encephalitis (hse). we retrospectively examined cases of hse at an academic hospital devoted to cancer care. patients were identified by positive herpes simplex virus (hsv) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) or by brain pathology. there were seven patients with hse over a 12 year period, four of whom had received cranial rt. during this ... | 2011 | 21637964 |
| patterns of herpes simplex virus shedding over 1 month and the impact of acyclovir and hiv in hsv-2-seropositive women in tanzania. | few studies have examined the frequency and duration of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) shedding in sub-saharan africa. this study describes hsv shedding patterns among a sample of hsv-2-seropositive women enrolled in a placebo-controlled trial of hsv suppressive therapy (acyclovir 400 mg twice a day) in tanzania. | 2011 | 21653932 |
| comparison of a conventional polymerase chain reaction with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of neurotropic viruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples. | to compare a conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and real-time pcr for the detection of neurotropic dna viruses. | 2011 | 21654102 |
| determinants of differential hiv incidence among women in three southern african locations. | introduction:: we explored factors associated with differential hiv incidence among women participating in a hiv prevention trial in harare, durban, and johannesburg. the trial had shown no effect of the intervention (diaphragm and lubricant gel) on hiv incidence. methods:: a prospective cohort analysis was conducted of trial participants followed for 12-24 months. sociodemographic, biological, and behavioral data were collected at baseline and at quarterly visits. factors associated with hiv in ... | 2011 | 21654502 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus clinical isolate y3369 as a glycoprotein g variant and its bearing on virus typing. | herpes simplex viruses exist as two major serotypes, type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2). determination of type, either hsv-1 or hsv-2, is important in accurate diagnosis and clinical control of transmission. several tests are available for typing hsv, including a monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein g and several pcr assays. | 2011 | 21658271 |
| synthesis of enantiomerically pure d- and l-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleosides and their antiviral evaluation. | based upon the fact that l-nucleosides have been generally known to be less cytotoxic than d-counterparts, l-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleoside derivatives with a fixed north conformation were designed and synthesized by employing a novel synthetic strategy starting from (r)-epichlorohydrin in order to search for new anti-hiv agents with high potency and less cytotoxicity. a tandem alkylation, ╬│-lactonization, a chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of ╬│-lactone functional group ... | 2011 | 21658957 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in east croatia. | the aim of the study was to establish the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) among sexually active adults from east croatia and to evaluate its correlates with demographic and behavioural risk factors. this cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st june until the 30th september 2005 at the department of transfusion medicine, osijek university hospital center. the study included 423 blood donors composed of 366 (86.5%) men and 57 (13.5%) women. demographic data and data ... | 2011 | 21661348 |
| microarray profiling analysis uncovers common molecular mechanisms of rubella virus, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in ecv304 cells. | to study the common molecular mechanisms of various viruses infections that might result in congential cardiovascular diseases in perinatal period, changes in mrna expression levels of ecv304 cells infected by rubella virus (rubv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) were analyzed using a microarray system representing 18,716 human genes. 99 genes were found to exhibit differential expression (80 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated). biological process analysis s ... | 2011 | 21663589 |
| meta-analysis of randomized trials on the association of prophylactic acyclovir and hiv-1 viral load in individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus-2. | to summarize the randomized evidence regarding the association between acyclovir use and hiv-1 replication as measured by plasma hiv-1 rna viral load among individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2. | 2011 | 21666542 |
| topical cream-based oxyresveratrol in the treatment of cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice. | anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities of oxyresveratrol in vitro and topical administration in cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice were examined. the inhibitory concentrations for 50% plaque formation (ic(50)) of oxyresveratrol against hsv-1 clinical isolates and hsv-2 clinical isolates were 20.9-29.5 and 22.2-27.5 ╬╝g/ml, respectively. in topical administration in cutaneous hsv-1 infection in mice, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% oxyresveratrol in cream vehicle applied three times daily for 7 days aft ... | 2011 | 21669230 |
| seroepidemiological survey of transmissible infectious diseases in a portuguese prison establishment. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 (71.6%) of 211 male inmates of a regional portuguese prison in order to establish the seroprevalence for viral hepatitis (hav, hbv, hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), syphilis and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and to analyze some psychosocial and criminal characteristics. mean age was 34 years. anti-hav was positive in 69.5% (n = 105) and in 34.4% (n = 52) for anti-hcv. one (0.7%) person had hbsag and 29 (19.2%) had laboratory markers ... | 2011 | 21670930 |
| endometrial epithelial cell responses to coinfecting viral and bacterial pathogens in the genital tract can activate the hiv-1 ltr in an nf{kappa}b-and ap-1-dependent manner. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) susceptibility and viral shedding in the genital tract, but the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. | 2011 | 21673042 |
| genital herpes in children under 11 years and investigations for sexual abuse. | the implications for sexual abuse investigation of genital herpes in a child are uncertain because of a lack of good quality research evidence. the incidence, presenting features, history of exposure, indicators of child maltreatment and outcomes of child protection investigations in children with genital herpes are described. | 2011 | 21673184 |
| hsv-2 glycoprotein c subunit immunization combined with glycoprotein d improves the protection of dorsal root ganglia in mice and reduces the frequency of recurrent vaginal shedding of hsv-2 dna in guinea pigs compared with glycoprotein d alone. | attempts to develop a vaccine to prevent genital hsv-2 disease have been only marginally successful, suggesting that novel strategies are needed. immunization with hsv-2 glycoproteins c (gc-2) and d (gd-2) was evaluated in mice and guinea pigs to determine whether adding gc-2 to a gd-2 subunit vaccine improves protection by producing antibodies that block gc-2 immune evasion from complement. antibodies produced by gc-2 immunization blocked the interaction between gc-2 and complement c3b, and pas ... | 2011 | 21813597 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives. | a series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized via chemical optimization on phthiobuzone. their anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities in vitro were also tested. several compounds exhibited more highly potent anti-hsv activity and much higher selectivity index (si) values than those of phthiobuzone. the most potent anti-hsv compound was 4f, which showed marked inhibition against hsv-1 (ic(50)=77.04 µg/ml) and hsv-2 (ic(50)=30.00 µg/ml). meanwhile it had low cytotoxicity (cc ... | 2011 | 21804247 |
| evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay stdfinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. | we evaluated a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr), "stdfinder assay", a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) assay for the simultaneous detection of 7 clinically relevant pathogens of stds, i.e., neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). an internal amplification control was included in the mpcr reaction. the limits of detection for t ... | 2011 | 21798683 |
| synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic investigation of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3h)-ones. | a series of 3(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3h)-ones was synthesized by reaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-3h-quinazoline-4-one with various carbonyl compounds. | 2011 | 21796872 |
| expression of hsv-1 encoded mirnas in human trigeminal ganglia and their relation to local t-cell infiltrates. | herpes simplex type-1 (hsv-1) is a neurotropic virus which establishes lifelong latency in human trigeminal ganglia (tg). currently, two non-exclusive control mechanisms of hsv-1 latency are discussed: anti-viral cd8(+) t cells and viral micro rnas (mirna) encoded by the latency associated transcript (lat). here we investigate to what extent these mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of hsv-1 latency. in the current study we show, that only a small proportion of lat(+) neurons is surroun ... | 2011 | 21795359 |
| hvem and nectin-1 mediate hsv-1 infection of the murine cornea. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that enters cells by receptor mediated fusion of the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. the envelope glycoprotein gd of hsv must bind to one of its receptors for entry to take place. recent studies using knock-out mice demonstrated that the gd receptors, herpes virus entry mediator (hvem) and nectin-1, are the primary entry receptors for hsv-2 in the mouse vagina and brain. nectin-1 was most crucial for neuronal spread of ... | 2011 | 21795335 |
| the kinetics of mucosal herpes simplex virus-2 infection in humans: evidence for rapid viral-host interactions. | (see the editorial commentary by quinn, on pages 495-8.) background. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactivations in the genital tract are responsible for mucocutaneous lesions and transmission and manifest as discrete shedding episodes. methods. we analyzed duration, peak copy number, and expansion and decay rates of 1020 shedding episodes in 531 immunocompetent hsv-2-seropositive persons from whom daily swabs of genital secretions were collected. results. viral quantity varied by as much ... | 2011 | 21791657 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 ul14 tegument protein regulates intracellular compartmentalization of major tegument protein vp16. | abstract: background: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has a complicated life-cycle, and its genome encodes many components that can modify the cellular environment to facilitate efficient viral replication. the protein ul14 is likely involved in viral maturation and egress (cunningham c. et al), and it facilitates the nuclear translocation of viral capsids and the tegument protein vp16 during the immediate-early phase of infection (yamauchi y. et al, 2008). ul14 of herpes simplex virus type ... | 2011 | 21791071 |
| antiherpetic activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from agaricus brasiliensis mycelia. | sulfated polysaccharides are good candidates for drug discovery in the treatment of herpetic infections. agaricus brasiliensis (syn a. subrufescens, a. blazei) is a basidiomycete fungus native to the atlantic forest region of southeastern brazil. herein we report the chemical modification of a polysaccharide extracted from a. brasiliensis mycelia to obtain its sulfated derivative (mi-s), which presented a promising inhibitory activity against hsv-1 [kos and 29r (acyclovir-resistant) strains] and ... | 2011 | 21787804 |
| the association between infection burden in iranian patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. | aim: to evaluate the association of ischemic heart disease (ihd) with the number of pathogens (infection burden) among individuals with infection. methods: a total of 120 patients with ihd as the acute myocardial infarction (ami; n=60) or unstable angina (ua; n=60) group and 60 healthy subjects with sex- and age-matched as control group were enrolled in this study. serum samples of all participants were tested for the presence of antibodies to helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), cytomegalovirus (cm ... | 2011 | 21785173 |
| benzylidene-bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin) and benzopyrano-coumarin derivatives: synthesis, 1h/13c-nmr conformational and x-ray crystal structure studies and in vitro antiviral activity evaluations. | we report on the synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin dimers 1-15 bearing an aryl substituent on the central linker and fused benzopyranocoumarin derivatives 16-20 and on their in vitro broad anti-dna and rna virus activity evaluations. the chemical identities and structure of compounds 1-20 were deduced from their homo- and heteronuclear nmr measurements whereas the conformational properties of 5, 14 and 20 were assessed by the use of 1d difference noe enhancements. unequivocal proof of the stereostr ... | 2011 | 21772234 |
| a heat shock protein based polyvalent vaccine targeting hsv-2: cd4(+) and cd8(+) cellular immunity and protective efficacy. | efforts to develop a subunit vaccine against genital herpes have been hampered by lack of knowledge of the protective antigens of hsv-2, the causative agent of the disease. vaccines based either on selected antigens or attenuated live virus approaches have not demonstrated meaningful clinical activity. we present here results of a therapeutic vaccine candidate, herpv (formerly called ag-707), consisting of 32 hsv-2 peptides derived from 22 hsv-2 proteins, complexed non-covalently to the hsp70 ch ... | 2011 | 21767588 |
| [antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin against herpes simplex virus 2 in vitro]. | to investigate the antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin (hp-ova) against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. | 2011 | 21764688 |
| antiherpes activity of glucoevatromonoside, a cardenolide isolated from a brazilian cultivar of digitalis lanata. | cardiac glycosides, known ligands of the sodium pump, are widely used in the treatment of heart failure, such as digoxin and digitoxin. besides this important activity, other biological activities, such as the antiviral activity, have been described for this group. hsv are responsible for many infections of oral, ocular and genital regions. treatment with nucleoside analogs such as acyclovir is effective in most cases; however drug-resistance may arise due to prolonged treatment mainly in immuno ... | 2011 | 21763352 |
| pathologic and virologic characterization of neuroinvasion by hsv-2 in a mouse encephalitis model. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), a ubiquitous human pathogenassociated with genital infections, is neurotropic. it establishes latent infections in local dorsal root ganglia from which it reactivates causing recurrent lesions and frequent episodes of viral shedding. herpes simplex virus type 2 can also be transmitted from mother to child during birth, causing major neonatal complications including encephalitis. animal models of hsv-2 genital infection are well described and used for testing ... | 2011 | 21760533 |
| cmv and hsv-2 myeloradiculitis in an hiv infected patient. | while cmv myeloradiculitis is a known complication in aids patients with severe immunosuppression, hsv-2 necrotizing myeloradiculitis is rare and often associated with disabling a fatal outcome. we hereby describe a 46 year-old hiv infected patient with profound and sustained immunosuppression who presented with an acute ascending paraparesis and urinary retention. lumbar spine mri showed contrast enhancement at the conus medullaris and cauda equine, and both cmv and hsv-2 csf pcr were positive. ... | 2011 | 21755241 |
| acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with a branched 2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl chain: efficient synthesis and antiviral activity. | series of novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps) with various nucleobases and 2-(2-phosphonoethoxy)ethyl (pee) chain bearing various substituents in ß-position to the phosphonate moiety were prepared. the influence of structural alternations on antiviral activity was studied. several derivatives exhibit antiviral activity against hiv and vaccinia virus (middle micromolar range), hsv-1 and hsv-2 (lower micromolar range) and vzv and cmv (nanomolar range), although the parent unbranched pee-a ... | 2011 | 21745746 |
| human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity among sexually active adults in uganda. | sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) has been implicated among homosexual men, but the evidence for sexual transmission among heterosexual individuals is controversial. we investigated the role of sexual transmission of hhv8 in a nationally representative sample in uganda, where hhv8 infection is endemic and transmitted mostly during childhood. | 2011 | 21712983 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among female sex workers in shanghai, china. | a study with two cross-sectional surveys in two consecutive years was conducted in shanghai, china to examine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), syphilis and hiv among female sex workers (fsw). a total of 793 fsw participated in the survey, 382 in 2008 only, 382 in 2009 only, and 29 in both 2008 and 2009. the majority of them were less than 30 years and two-thirds were married. all were migrants and a half was from rural areas. some of them have stayed in shanghai and eng ... | 2011 | 21660749 |
| mollaret's meningitis and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. | benign recurrent aseptic meningitis is a rare disorder described by mollaret in 1944. when initially described, this form of aseptic meningitis had no identifiable infecting agent. new sophisticated diagnostic tools have now identified herpes simplex type 2 virus as the most commonly isolated agent. antiviral treatment has been used successfully for prophylaxis and treatment. | 2011 | 21680663 |
| the risk factor profile of women with secondary infertility: an unmatched case-control study in kigali, rwanda. | secondary infertility is a common, preventable but neglected reproductive health problem in resource-poor countries. this study examines the association of past sexually transmitted infections (stis) including hiv, bacterial vaginosis (bv) and factors in the obstetric history with secondary infertility and their relative contributions to secondary infertility. | 2011 | 21702916 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and incidence in acute and chronic hiv-1 infection. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) hiv co-infection is common and associated with increased risk of hiv transmission. hsv-2 seroprevalence was assessed on stored samples from baseline and one year follow-up from 81 patients identified with acute hiv infection and 81 age-matched chronically infected men. hsv-2 seroprevalence at baseline was lower for those with acute rather than chronic hiv-infection, 51.9 versus 71.6% (p = 0.01); relative risk 0.72 (95% confidence interval [ci] 0.57-0.92). sinc ... | 2011 | 21742810 |
| clinician and patient recognition of anogenital herpes disease in hiv positive men who have sex with men. | anogenital ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. when compared with clinician examination, hiv/hsv-2 coinfected men who have sex with men are frequently unaware of anogenital ulcers. these data highlight the importance of condom use and the need for new hsv-2 prevention strategies. | 2011 | 21844739 |
| pattern of sexually transmitted infections and performance of syndromic management against etiological diagnosis in patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic of a tertiary care hospital. | the availability of baseline information on the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and other associated risk behaviors is essential for designing, implementing, and monitoring successful targeted interventions. also, continuous analysis of risk assessment and prevalence-based screening studies are necessary to evaluate and monitor the performance of syndromic management. the aim of the present study was to document the pattern of common stis and to evaluate the performance of ... | 2010 | 21716796 |
| performance of the euroline western blot assay in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in uganda, china and the usa. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide. while glycoprotein g-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for the serological detection of hsv-2 antibodies, they have low specificity in developing countries. the euroline western blot (wb) is a commercially available assay that is easy to perform; however, little is known about its performance characteristics. this study evaluated euroline wb for the detec ... | 2011 | 21680672 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced epithelial damage and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human cervical organ culture. | normal human premenopausal cervical tissue has been used to derive primary cell populations and to establish ex vivo organ culture systems to study infections with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 or hsv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). infection with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 rapidly induced multinuclear giant cell formation and widespread damage in mucosal epithelial cells. subsequent exposure of the damaged mucosal surfaces to hiv-1 revealed frequent co-localization of hsv and hiv-1 ... | 2011 | 21818356 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and associated cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in hiv-infected women in botswana. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) constitute one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and are the etiological agents for invasive cervical cancer, the predominant cancer among women in botswana. however, the prevalence of hpv genotypes in botswana has yet to be reported. one hundred thirty-nine endocervical swabs were taken at baseline from hiv-1 infected, hsv-2 seropositive women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study designed to assess the influence of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv- ... | 2011 | 21837784 |
| factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative kenyan men and women reporting high-risk sexual behavior. | : herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is an important cause of genital ulcers and can increase the risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmission. our objective was to determine the incidence and correlates of hsv-2 infection in hiv-1-seronegative kenyan men reporting high-risk sexual behavior, compared with high-risk hiv-1-seronegative women in the same community. | 2011 | 21844740 |
| of mice and not humans: how reliable are animal models for evaluation of herpes cd8(+)-t cell-epitopes-based immunotherapeutic vaccine candidates? | herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2)-specific cd8(+) t cells that reside in sensory ganglia, appear to control recurrent herpetic disease by aborting or reducing spontaneous and sporadic reactivations of latent virus. a reliable animal model is the ultimate key factor to test the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines that boost the level and the quality of sensory ganglia-resident cd8(+) t cells against spontaneous herpes reactivation from sensory neurons, yet its relevance has be ... | 2011 | 21718746 |
| male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of hiv in men. | previous systematic reviews found inconsistent effects of male circumcision on hiv acquisition in men who have sex with men (msm). however, a number of new studies have become available in the three years since the last systematic review. | 2011 | 21678366 |
| multipurpose prevention technologies: biomedical tools to prevent hiv-1, hsv-2, and unintended pregnancies. | statistics clearly show an unmet need for highly effective contraception, especially in less developed countries. many of these countries are at the core of the hiv/aids epidemic and show very high prevalence rates for other sexually transmitted infections (stis) such as that caused by hsv-2. a woman at risk of unintended pregnancy due to unprotected intercourse is also at risk for hiv/sti. owing to their causative interrelationship, combining protection against these conditions will result in e ... | 2011 | 21836811 |
| the effects of daily distress and personality on genital hsv shedding and lesions in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of acyclovir in hsv-2 seropositive women. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are ubiquitous in humans, but the determinants of clinical and virologic severity are not completely understood. prior research has suggested that psychological distress can be a co-factor in reactivation of latent hsv infection. personality traits such as extraversion and neuroticism influence stress attributions and may inform the relationship between psychological distress and health outcomes. earlier studies in this area have primarily focused on subject ... | 2011 | 21693182 |
| using centralized laboratory data to monitor trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in british columbia and the changing etiology of genital herpes. | understanding the regional epidemiology of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is important for clinical and public health practice, due to the increasing availability of type-specific serologic testing in canada and the contribution of genital hsv-2 infection to ongoing hiv transmission. we used centralized laboratory data to describe trends in viral identifications of genital hsv in bc and assess the utility of these data for ongoing population surveillance. | 2011 | 21714324 |
| [herpes simplex virus infections, an update for the practitioner]. | the herpesviruses hsv-1 and -2 classically infect the oral and genital area respectively. they descend from a common ancestor but have evolved separately since several million years, getting each adapted to these areas. thus, while both can infect either site, hsv-1 reactivates often orally, while hsv-2 does so in the genital area. the followings facts are stressed, because we think they are new, or worth attention regarding hsv epidemiology (plateauing of the hsv-2 epidemic in the us, growing s ... | 2011 | 21674891 |
| are hiv epidemics among men who have sex with men emerging in the middle east and north africa?: a systematic review and data synthesis. | men who have sex with men (msm) bear a disproportionately higher burden of hiv infection than the general population. msm in the middle east and north africa (mena) are a largely hidden population because of a prevailing stigma towards this type of sexual behavior, thereby limiting the ability to assess infection transmission patterns among them. it is widely perceived that data are virtually nonexistent on msm and hiv in this region. the objective of this review was to delineate, for the first ... | 2011 | 21829329 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: seroprevalence in antenatal women. | to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection in pregnant females, assess the frequency of unrecognized infection and identify the demographic profile and risk factors associated with the seroprevalence. | 2010 | 21808430 |
| hsv-2 infection of dendritic cells amplifies a highly susceptible hiv-1 cell target. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) increases the risk of hiv-1 infection and, although several reports describe the interaction between these two viruses, the exact mechanism for this increased susceptibility remains unclear. dendritic cells (dcs) at the site of entry of hsv-2 and hiv-1 contribute to viral spread in the mucosa. specialized dcs present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues produce retinoic acid (ra), an important immunomodulator, able to influence hiv-1 replication and a key me ... | 2011 | 21738472 |
| effect of variable transmission rate on the dynamics of hiv in sub-saharan africa. | abstract: background: the cause of the high hiv prevalence in sub-saharan africa is incompletely understood, with heterosexual penile-vaginal transmission proposed as the main mechanism. heterosexual hiv transmission has been estimated to have a very low probability; but effects of cofactors that vary in space and time may substantially alter this pattern. methods: to test the effect of individual variation in the hiv infectiousness generated by co-infection, we developed and analyzed a mathemat ... | 2011 | 21834977 |
| population-based surveillance for neonatal herpes in new york city, april 2006-september 2010. | : population-based data for neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection are needed to describe disease burden and to develop and evaluate prevention strategies. | 2011 | 21844721 |
| herpes simplex virus infection in the croatian population. | abstract background: herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are caused by 2 types of virus, hsv-1 and hsv-2. both viruses are endemic worldwide. there are marked variations in the seroprevalences of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in europe. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hsv infections in croatia. methods: during a 3-y period (2008-2010), a total of 1672 patients were tested for the presence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. results: the over ... | 2011 | 21696254 |
| the ribonucleotide reductase r1 subunits of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 protect cells against poly(i {middle dot} c)-induced apoptosis. | we recently provided evidence that the ribonucleotide reductase r1 subunits of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) protect cells against tumor necrosis factor alpha- and fas ligand-induced apoptosis by interacting with caspase 8. double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a viral intermediate known to initiate innate antiviral responses. poly(i -à c), a synthetic analogue of viral dsrna, rapidly triggers caspase 8 activation and apoptosis in hela cells. here, we report that hela cells after hs ... | 2011 | 21697465 |
| low acceptance of hsv-2 testing among high-risk women. | we evaluated the acceptability of a community-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) screening programme for at-risk women and assessed factors related to uptake of point of care hsv-2 testing. one hundred recently arrested women (median age 34 years) were recruited from a community court handling lower-level misdemeanour cases in indianapolis, indiana. individuals completed a survey assessing factors related to hsv-2 screening intentions and were offered point of care hsv-2 testing. rates of ... | 2011 | 21680668 |
| nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the hsv-2 serine/threonine kinase us3. | the alphaherpesvirus serine/threonine kinase us3 plays diverse roles in virus multiplication and modifies both nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates. we recently reported that treatment of hsv-2 us3-transfected and hsv-2-infected cells with leptomycin b, an inhibitor of nuclear export mediated by interaction of chromosomal regional maintenance protein (crm1) with leucine rich nuclear export signals (ness), resulted in nuclear trapping of us3. here, we utilized fluorescence loss in photobleaching to ... | 2011 | 21741667 |
| hiv-related risk behaviors among a sample of men who have sex with men in puerto rico: an overview of substance use and sexual practices. | despite the growing impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in puerto rico (pr), limited epidemiological research on men who have sex with men (msm) has been conducted. the aim of this study was to describe hiv-related risk behaviors in a sample of msm in pr. | 2011 | 21682148 |
| getting research into policy - herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) treatment and hiv infection: international guidelines formulation and the case of ghana. | observational epidemiological and biological data indicate clear synergies between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and hiv, whereby hsv-2 enhances the potential for hiv acquisition or transmission. in 2001, the world health organization (who) launched a call for research into the possibilities of disrupting this cofactor effect through the use of antiherpetic therapy. a who expert meeting was convened in 2008 to review the research results. the results of the trials were mostly inconclusive ... | 2011 | 21679386 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 among hispanics in the usa: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2008. | to examine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) among hispanics in the usa, we used the cross-sectional, nationally representative national health and nutrition examination survey to compare the seroprevalence of hsv-2 between hispanic persons of mexican heritage and non-mexican heritage aged 14-44 years, from survey years 2007-2008. the overall hsv-2 seroprevalence among hispanics aged 14-44 years was 17.5% (95% confidence interval [ci], 15.2, 20.1) in the usa. hsv-2 seropr ... | 2011 | 21729957 |
| investing in the future: lessons learnt from communicating the results of hsv/ hiv intervention trials in south africa. | communicating the results of randomised controlled trials may present challenges for researchers who have to work with communities and policy-makers to anticipate positive outcomes, while being aware that results may show no effect or harm. | 2011 | 21679389 |
| identity of zinc finger nucleases with specificity to herpes simplex virus type ii genomic dna: novel hsv-2 vaccine/therapy precursors. | herpes simplex type ii (hsv-2) is a member of the family herpesviridae. human infection with this double stranded linear dna virus causes genital ulcerative disease and existing treatment options only serve to resolve the symptomatology (ulcers) associated with active hsv-2 infection but do not eliminate latent virus. as a result, infection with hsv-2 follows a life-long relapsing (active versus latent) course. on the basis of a primitive bacterium anti-phage dna defense, the restriction modific ... | 2011 | 21702927 |
| human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviors among clients of sex workers in guatemala: are they a bridge in human immunodeficiency virus transmission? | objectives:: clients of female sex workers (fsws) are an important target group for human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (hiv/sti) prevention. this study aimed to estimate their hiv and other sti prevalence, examine their risk behaviors, and evaluate their role as a bridge population in the spread of hiv/stis. methods:: a cross-sectional study was performed among 553 clients recruited in commercial sex sites in the province of escuintla, guatemala. they were interviewed an ... | 2011 | 21844725 |
| psychosocial impact of a positive hsv-2 diagnosis on adults with unrecognized hsv-2 infection. | to evaluate the current research on the psychosocial impact of a positive herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) diagnosis on asymptomatic adults. | 2011 | 21736611 |
| health care seeking among men with genital ulcer disease in south africa: correlates and relationship to human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 detection and shedding. | episodic acyclovir therapy has been added to genital ulcer disease (gud) syndromic management guidelines in several sub-saharan african countries with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemics. we examined the correlates of health care seeking in men with gud and its relationship to hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 outcomes. | 2011 | 21844743 |
| Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Switzerland: an obstetric clinic based study. | OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) IgG antibodies and the seroincidence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in pregnant women attending the maternity clinic of the University Hospital Lausanne. STUDY DESIGN: Blood samples from 1030 women were taken at the usual pregnancy visit in the first trimester to assess the prevalence rate of IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 using a type-specific assay. A second blood sample was taken 6-8 weeks ... | 2011 | 21982938 |
| [influence of physiological state of escherichia coli cells on the expression of soluble protein--recombinant analog of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus of type 2]. | it is shown that the recombinant protein gst-hsv2gg, containing the immunodominant regions of glycoprotein g of hsv-2 is accumulated in the form of inclusion bodies or in soluble form in the escherichia coli bl21 (de3) cells. the ratio between protein fractions varied depending on the physiological state of cells before biosynthesis. the kinetic parameters of bacterial populations were determined by mathematical modeling of growth curves based on the verhulst logistic function. it was establishe ... | 2011 | 22164698 |
| persistent cutaneous neonatal herpes caused by herpes simplex virus-2. | | 2011 | 21955135 |
| HTLV-1 bZIP factor impairs cell-mediated immunity by suppressing production of Th1 cytokines. | Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients and human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infected individuals succumb to opportunistic infections. Cell mediated immunity is impaired, yet the mechanism of this impairment has remained elusive. The HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) gene is encoded in the minus strand of the viral DNA and is constitutively expressed in infected cells and ATL cells. To test the hypothesis that HBZ contributes to HTLV-1 associated immunodeficiency, we challenged transge ... | 2011 | 22123848 |
| Chronic Acyclovir-Resistant HSV-2 Ulcer in an Immunosuppressed Patient Treated With Topical Cidofovir. | | 2011 | 22184781 |
| Sensing herpes: more than toll. | To launch an effective antiviral immune response, cells must recognize the virus, activate a cytokine response, and initiate inflammatory processes. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are nuclear-replicating viruses composed of a double-stranded DNA genome plus glycoproteins that are incorporated into a lipid bilayer envelope that surrounds an icosahedral capsid. Several novel receptors that mediate innate recognition of HSV and that activate the innate immune response have been identified ... | 2011 | 22020814 |
| Epidemiology of syphilis in Kenya: results from a nationally representative serological survey. | The authors used data from the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007 to determine the prevalence of syphilis and associated risk factors among adults aged 15-64 years. | 2011 | 21917697 |
| seroprevalence of 13 common pathogens in a rapidly growing u.s. minority population: mexican americans from san antonio, tx. | abstract: | 2011 | 22018212 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in thuringia, germany, 1999 to 2006. | the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-specific igg was determined in sera taken in 1999 to 2006 from 1,100 children aged 0–18 years, 800 blood donors and 200 pregnant women in thuringia, germany, using tests based on the hsv glycoproteins (g) gg. by the age of 10–12 years, hsv-1 igg prevalence reached 57.3%, rising to 69.3% by the age of 16–18 years and to 78.0% by the age of 28–30 years. between 2.7% and 4.7% of the children aged up to 15 years had hsv-2 antibodies, increasing to 7. ... | 2011 | 22085620 |
| topical tenofovir, a microbicide effective against hiv, inhibits herpes simplex virus-2 replication. | the hiv reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir, was recently formulated into a vaginal gel for use as a microbicide. in human trials, a 1% tenofovir gel inhibited hiv sexual transmission by 39% and, surprisingly, herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) transmission by 51%. we demonstrate that the concentration achieved intravaginally with a 1% tenofovir topical gel has direct antiherpetic activity. tenofovir inhibits the replication of hsv clinical isolates in human embryonic fibroblasts, keratinocyt ... | 2011 | 22018238 |
| Detection of herpes simplex virus (1 and 2), varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and enterovirus in immunocompetent tunisian patients with acute neuromeningeal disorder. | Enteroviruses (EVs) and human herpesviruses (HHVs) are involved frequently in acute neurological disorders of viral etiology. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of herpes simplex virus types-1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human enteroviruses (EVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Tunisian immunocompetent patients with neuromeningeal disorders. The patients had been hospitalized at the Fattouma Bourgu ... | 2012 | 22170549 |
| synthesis and early development of hexadecyloxypropylcidofovir: an oral antipoxvirus nucleoside phosphonate. | hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (hdp-cdv) is a novel ether lipid conjugate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonoylmethoxypropyl)-cytosine (cdv) which exhibits a remarkable increase in antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses compared with cdv. in contrast to cdv, hdp-cdv is orally active and lacks the nephrotoxicity of cdv itself. increased oral bioavailability and increased cellular uptake is facilitated by the lipid portion of the molecule which is responsible for the improved activity profile. the l ... | 2010 | 21994617 |
| Recalcitrance of bacterial vaginosis among herpes-simplex-virus-type-2-seropositive women. | Aim: The multifactorial etiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) impedes development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Herein, we evaluated the effects of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), a suspected BV risk factor, on vaginal flora composition. Materials and Methods: Correlations between HSV-2 infection and BV were prospectively explored among 12 HSV-2-seropositive women with asymptomatic BV who were asked to collect daily vaginal swab specimens for Gram stain analysis of vagi ... | 2011 | 22136755 |
| Digallate dimers of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inactivate herpes simplex virus. | Topical microbicides are potentially an alternative method to vaccines for reducing the spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV). We have previously shown (S. Liu et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1723:270-281, 2005) that the catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inactivates HSV at neutral pH; however, to function in the female genital tract EGCG must also be effective at acidic pH. EGCG inactivated HSV-1 and HSV-2 at pH 8.0 by 3 log(10) to 4 log(10) but was ineffective at pH 5.7. The EGCG digal ... | 2011 | 21947401 |
| Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: evolving evidence. | Topical tenofovir gel and oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir [FTC/tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF)] have been demonstrated to have efficacy in preventing HIV-1 in some populations. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials and future directions are summarized. | 2012 | 22156901 |
| hiv epidemiology and breakthroughs in prevention 30 years into the aids epidemic. | thirty years after the first aids cases were reported in the united states, the hiv epidemic continues to be heavily concentrated among men who have sex with men (msm) in the united states. msm are heavily impacted throughout most of the world and are the predominant risk group throughout the americas and western europe; heterosexuals are the predominant risk group in sub-saharan africa; and injection drug users predominate throughout eastern europe and southeast asia. in the united states, blac ... | 2011 | 21868821 |
| real-time pcr in infectious uveitis as an alternative diagnosis. | uveitis is a major visual impairment disease affecting parts or the entire uveal tract and occasionally the sclera, the cornea or the optic nerve. the disease is a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. in this work we analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of real-time pcr to detect the etiological agent from blood, plasma, vitreous and aqueous humor and compared with the diagnostic hypothesis. | 2011 | 22068852 |
| prevalence and factors associated with hsv-2 and hepatitis b infections among truck drivers crossing the southern brazilian border. | the authors estimate the prevalence of hiv, syphilis, hepatitis b virus (hbv) and herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection and correlates of hbv and hsv-2 infection among truck drivers crossing the southern brazilian border at foz do iguaçu. | 2011 | 21968460 |
| houttuynia cordata blocks hsv infection through inhibition of nf-κb activation. | houttuynia cordata thunb. is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine in several asian countries. it has been reported that a water extract of h. cordata exhibits activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) and the virus of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet. previous studies have demonstrated absolute requirement of nf-κb activation for efficient replication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 and inhibition of nf-κb activation has been shown to ... | 2011 | 21951655 |
| zinc acetate/carrageenan gels exhibit potent activity in vivo against high-dose herpes simplex virus 2 vaginal and rectal challenge. | topical microbicides that block the sexual transmission of hiv and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) are desperately needed to reduce the incidence of hiv infections worldwide. previously we completed phase 3 testing of the carrageenan-based gel carraguard. although the trial did not show that carraguard is effective in preventing hiv transmission during vaginal sex, it did show that carraguard is safe when used weekly for up to 2 years. moreover, carraguard has in vitro activity against human papi ... | 2012 | 22064530 |
| identification of b- and t-cell epitopes from glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus 2 and evaluation of their immunogenicity and protection efficacy. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is a major health concern worldwide. evidence obtained from animals and humans indicates that b- and t-cell responses contribute to protective immunity against herpes virus infection. glycoprotein b is a transmembrane envelope component of hsv-1 and hsv-2, which plays an important role in virion morphogenesis and penetration into host cells, and can induce neutralizing antibodies and protective t-cell response when it is used to immunize humans and animals. h ... | 2011 | 22008818 |
| structure-function analysis of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein h identifies domain-specific roles for fusion and skin tropism. | enveloped viruses require membrane fusion for cell entry and replication. for herpesviruses, this event is governed by the multiprotein core complex of conserved glycoproteins (g)b and gh/gl. the recent crystal structures of gh/gl from herpes simplex virus 2, pseudorabies virus, and epstein-barr virus revealed distinct domains that, surprisingly, do not resemble known viral fusogens. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chicken pox and shingles. vzv is an α-herpesvirus closely related to herpes s ... | 2011 | 22025718 |
| Herpes simplex virus type-2 and human immunodeficiency virus infections in a rural population in Kilimanjaro Tanzania. | To estimate the seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2) and its association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections in rural Kilimanjaro Tanzania. | 2011 | 22066279 |
| cutaneous infections caused by herpesviridae: a review. | the herpes family of viruses accounts for a significant proportion of human cutaneous disease. although most episodes of viral infection can be diagnosed clinically, a small subset of these outbreaks will require biopsy for histologic interpretation and diagnosis. most herpesviruses cause characteristic architectural and cytologic changes in the context of active infection, whereas the effects of some will not manifest until the future as malignant disease. other infections may go unnoticed seco ... | 2011 | 21970493 |
| effect of asp2151, a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes. | asp2151 is a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor with antiviral activity against varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2). here, we examined the potency and efficacy of asp2151 against hsv in vitro and in vivo. we found that asp2151 was more potent in inhibiting the replication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in vero cells in the plaque reduction assay and had greater anti-hsv activity in a guinea pig model of genital herpes than did acyclovir and valacyclovir (vacv), ... | 2011 | 21869749 |
| high-dose valacyclovir hsv-2 suppression results in greater reduction in plasma hiv-1 levels compared with standard dose acyclovir among hiv-1/hsv-2 coinfected persons: a randomized, crossover trial. | standard-dose hsv-2 suppressive therapy (acyclovir 400 mg twice daily) reduces plasma hiv-1 levels by 0.25-0.50 log(10) copies/ml. it is not known if higher doses might further suppress hiv-1 levels. | 2011 | 21998479 |
| [Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus markers by serological and molecular methods in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which are autoimmune diseases usually questioned for their association with many infectious agents have etiopathogenesis related to genetic, immunologic, hormonal and even environmental factors. The most commonly attributed etiologic agents are herpes group viruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex (HSV) viruses in the etiology of RA and SLE. A total of 137 patients (8 ... | 2011 | 22090298 |
| Novel resistance-associated mutations of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. | BACKGROUND: Studies to verify correlations between phenotypes and genotypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) are an important tool to establish a database of resistance-associated mutations. METHODS: In this study, 32 acyclovir (ACV)-resistant clinical HSV-1 and 4 ACV-resistant clinical HSV-2 isolates were examined in parallel by both phenotypic and genotypic resistance testing. Additionally, five non-viable HSV-1 strains and two non-viable HSV-2 strains with clinical resistance were included in ge ... | 2011 | 22155911 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 mimicking necrotizing fasciitis. | | 2011 | 22007058 |
| clinical and virologic response to episodic acyclovir for genital ulcers among hiv-1 seronegative, herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive african women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | in a randomized trial among african women with recurrent genital herpes, episodic acyclovir therapy resulted in modestly greater likelihood of lesion healing (hazard ratio [hr] = 1.48, p = 0.098; mean, 5.1 vs. 6.0 days) and cessation of herpes simplex virus shedding (hr = 1.88, p = 0.008; mean, 3.0 vs. 5.0 days) compared with placebo, similar to results of studies in high-income countries (clinicaltrials.gov registration nct00808405). | 2012 | 22183840 |
| Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. | Schizophrenia is a highly disabling and limiting disorder for patients and the possibility that infections by some microorganisms may be associated to its development may allow prevention and recovery. In the current study we have done a meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the possible association between detection of different infectious agents and schizophrenia. We report results that support the idea that there is a statistically significant association between schizophrenia and infec ... | 2011 | 22104141 |
| HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis among married couples in India: patterns of discordance and concordance. | Differences in sexual networks probably explain the disparity in the scale of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa and India. HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) discordant couple studies provide insights into important aspects of these sexual networks. The authors quantify the role of male sexual behaviour in HIV transmission in married couples in India. | 2011 | 21865404 |
| Neonatal antibodies to infectious agents and risk of bipolar disorder: a population-based case-control study. | There is a substantial evidence base linking prenatal exposure to infectious agents and an increased risk of schizophrenia. However, there has been less research examining the potential for these exposures to also contribute to risk for bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the association between neonatal markers of selected prenatal infections and risk for bipolar disorder. | 2011 | 22085475 |
| efficacy of asp2151, a helicase-primase inhibitor, against thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in vitro and in vivo. | asp2151 was developed as a novel inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus helicase-primase. the anti-hsv activity of asp2151 toward a clinical hsv isolate with acyclovir (acv)-resistant/thymidine kinase (tk)-deficiency was characterized in vitro and in vivo using a plaque reduction assay and the ear pinna infection in mice. the ic(50) ranged from 0.018 to 0.024μg/ml, indicating the susceptibility of tk-deficient hsv-2 was similar to that of wild-type hsv-2 strains. anti ... | 2011 | 22155691 |
| herpes virus infection can cause intervertebral disc degeneration: a causal relationship? | it has been proposed that intervertebral disc degeneration might be caused by low-grade infection. the purpose of the present study was to assess the incidence of herpes viruses in intervertebral disc specimens from patients with lumbar disc herniation. a polymerase chain reaction based assay was applied to screen for the dna of eight different herpes viruses in 16 patients and two controls. dna of at least one herpes virus was detected in 13 specimens (81.25%). herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv- ... | 2011 | 21911538 |
| the first common cold sore susceptibility gene. | | 2011 | 22039567 |