| application of real-time pcr for the differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar in cyst-positive faecal samples from 130 immigrants living in spain. | in an effort to improve the diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis, a real-time pcr has been used for the detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar infections in african or south american immigrants who live in spain. faecal samples from all of the 130 subjects had apparently been found to contain e. histolytica/e. dispar cysts by microscopical examination. using the real-time pcr, e. histolytica dna was detected in faecal samples from only 10 (7.7%) of the immigrants, wit ... | 2010 | 20406581 |
| cytokine and chemokine responses in adults, newborns and children exposed to entamoeba histolytica/dispar, onchocerca volvulus and plasmodium falciparum. | cytokine and chemokine response profiles were studied in newborns, 10-yr-old children and post partum mothers. all study groups were repeatedly exposed to entamoeba histolytica, onchocerca volvulus and plasmodium falciparum infections as indicated by their immunoglobulin (igg) responses to parasite-specific antigens. as key indicators for regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses, interferon (ifn)gamma and regulatory il-10 were investigated, along with the chemokines mip-1 ... | 2010 | 20408971 |
| precision-cut hamster liver slices as an ex vivo model to study amoebic liver abscess. | entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amoebiasis, the second cause of global morbidity and mortality due to parasitic diseases in humans. in approximately 1% of the cases, amoebas penetrate the intestinal mucosa and spread to other organs, producing extra-intestinal lesions, among which amoebic liver abscess (ala) is the most common. to study ala, in vivo and in vitro models are used. however, animal models may pose ethical issues, and are time-consuming and costly; and cell cultures ... | 2010 | 20412797 |
| etiological approach to chronic urticaria. | in 1769, william cullen introduced the word "urticaria" (transient edematous papules, plaque with itching). urticaria affects 15-25% of people at least once in their life time. it is a clinical reaction pattern triggered by many factors causing the liberation of vasoactive substances such as histamine, prostaglandins and kinins. urticaria is classified according to its duration into acute (< 6 weeks duration) and chronic (>6 weeks duration). various clinical investigations may be initiated to di ... | 2010 | 20418974 |
| using hidden markov models to discover new protein transport machines. | protein import and export pathways are driven by protein translocases, often comprised of multiple subunits, and usually conserved across a range of organisms. protein import into mitochondria is fundamental to eukaryotic organisms and is initiated when substrate proteins are translocated across the mitochondrial outer membrane by the tom complex. the essential subunit of this complex is a protein called tom40, which is probably a beta-barrel in structure and serves as the translocation pore. we ... | 2010 | 20419416 |
| characteristics of amebic liver abscess in patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus. | amebic liver abscess (ala) is the most common extra-intestinal amebiasis. this study was performed to review the clinical features of patients with amebic liver abscesses and compare them in taiwanese patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 2009 | 20422135 |
| genomic organization of eukaryotic trnas. | surprisingly little is known about the organization and distribution of trna genes and trna-related sequences on a genome-wide scale. while trna gene complements are usually reported in passing as part of genome annotation efforts, and peculiar features such as the tandem arrangements of trna gene in entamoeba histolytica have been described in some detail, systematic comparative studies are rare and mostly restricted to bacteria. we therefore set out to survey the genomic arrangement of trna ge ... | 2010 | 20426822 |
| insights into entamoeba histolytica virulence modulation. | entamoeba histolytica is able to invade human tissues by means of several molecules and biological properties related to the virulence. pathogenic amebas use three major virulence factors, gal/galnac lectin, amebapore and proteases, for lyse, phagocytose, kill and destroy a variety of cells and tissues in the host. responses of the parasite to host components such as mucins and bacterial flora influence the behavior of pathogenic amebas altering their expression of virulence factors. the relativ ... | 2010 | 20429861 |
| recent insights in pre-mrna 3'-end processing signals and proteins in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | the messenger rna precursors (pre-mrna) 3'-end processing occurs in a two-step co-transcriptional coupled reaction, denoted as cleavage and polyadenylation. both processes depend on trans-acting factors interacting in a coordinated manner with cis-sequence motifs located at the 3' untranslated region of transcripts. in this paper, we reviewed mechanisms involved in pre-mrna processing in eukaryotic organisms, including our own findings about sequences and proteins potentially involved in mrna 3' ... | 2010 | 20429864 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives against some protozoa and trichinella spiralis. | a series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives (1a-1i) were synthesized via phillips cyclocondensation of a substituted 1,2-phenylenediamine and trifluoroacetic acid. the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro against various protozoan parasites: giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis and leishmania mexicana, and they showed nanomolar activities against the first three protozoa tested. the compounds were also tested in vitro and in vivo against th ... | 2010 | 20430484 |
| hyperendemic h. pylori and tapeworm infections in a u.s.-mexico border population. | a higher incidence of infectious disease has been documented in u.s. regions bordering mexico compared with non-border areas. we assessed the prevalence of important gastrointestinal infections in ciudad juarez, mexico, and el paso, texas, the largest binational community along the u.s.-mexico border. | 2010 | 20433039 |
| bacteriological and parasitological assessment of food handlers in the omdurman area of sudan. | pathogenic organisms are thought to be widely distributed among food handlers. this study was designed to assess the prevalence of carriers of some pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the city of omdurman, sudan. | 2010 | 20434126 |
| conservation and function of rab small gtpases in entamoeba: annotation of e. invadens rab and its use for the understanding of entamoeba biology. | entamoeba invadens is a reptilian enteric protozoan parasite closely related to the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica and a good model organism of encystation. to understand the molecular mechanism of vesicular trafficking involved in the encystation of entamoeba, we examined the conservation of rab small gtpases between the two species. e. invadens has over 100 rab genes, similar to e. histolytica. most of the rab subfamilies are conserved between the two species, while a number of species-s ... | 2010 | 20434444 |
| fatal amebic colitis after high-dose dexamethasone therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. | | 2011 | 20467744 |
| the tropical brown alga lobophora variegata: a source of antiprotozoal compounds. | lobophora variegata, a brown alga collected from the coast of the yucatan peninsula, mexico, was studied for antiprotozoal activity against giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. the whole extract showed the highest activity against t. vaginalis, with an ic(50) value of 3.2 microg/ml. for the fractions, the best antiprotozoal activity was found in non-polar fractions. the chloroform fraction of the extract contained a major sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (sqdg), id ... | 2010 | 20479979 |
| synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 6-ferrocenyl-4-aryl-2-substituted pyrimidine derivatives. | a new series of 6-ferrocenyl-4-aryl-2-substituted pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiamoebic activity against hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. out of 16 compounds 10 compounds have shown ic(50) values in the range of 0.41-1.73 microm and 1.80 microm. pyrimidine derivatives having thiomethyl group, chloro group and mono-, di-, and trimethoxy substitution, exhibited higher antiamoebic activity than the reference drug metronidazole (ic(50)=1.80 microm). the toxicol ... | 2010 | 20488588 |
| prevalence of parasitic contamination of raw vegetables in villages of qazvin province, iran. | we conducted a study to determine the extent of parasitic contamination of raw vegetables distributed by wholesalers in villages of qazvin province, iran. vegetables collected for the study were leek, parsley, lettuce, coriander, radish, spring onion, tarragon, basil, spearmint, and cress. samples of each vegetable were collected at monthly intervals for 6 months from may to october 2008, yielding a total of 654 samples. samples of each vegetable collected at each monthly interval were selected ... | 2010 | 20491596 |
| evaluation of a new single-tube multiprobe real-time pcr for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar. | a single-tube multiprobe real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar was developed. one primer pair with 2 species-specific probes was designed based on new ssu rna regions of the ribosomal dna-containing episome. the sensitivity is 1 parasite per milliliter of feces and thus superior to the conventional nested pcr and comparable to other published real-time pcr protocols. the applicability for clinical diagnosis was validated with 218 stool speci ... | 2010 | 20496961 |
| bioinformatic analysis of entamoeba histolytica sine1 elements. | invasive amoebiasis, caused by infection with the human parasite entamoeba histolytica remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in some less-developed countries. genetically e. histolytica exhibits a number of unusual features including having approximately 20% of its genome comprised of repetitive elements. these include a number of families of sines - non-autonomous elements which can, however, move with the help of partner lines. in many eukaryotes sine mobility has had a profound eff ... | 2010 | 20497534 |
| disinfection efficacy of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (nadcc) against common food-borne intestinal protozoa. | the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (nadcc) on the infective stages of common food-borne intestinal protozoa; entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica), giardia lamblia (g. lamblia), cryptosporidium, cyclospora and microsporidia; beside its effect on raw green vegetables and fruits. parasites, isolated from stool of patients with diarrhea or dysentery, were exposed to nadcc solution (1g/l) for one and two hours. disinfection effect of nadcc was ... | 2010 | 20503596 |
| detection of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport in entamoeba histolytica and characterization of the ehvps4 protein. | eukaryotic endocytosis involves multivesicular bodies formation, which is driven by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (escrt). here, we showed the presence and expression of homologous escrt genes in entamoeba histolytica. we cloned and expressed the ehvps4 gene, an escrt member, to obtain the recombinant ehvps4 and generate specific antibodies, which immunodetected ehvps4 in cytoplasm of trophozoites. bioinformatics and biochemical studies evidenced that rehvps4 is an atpase, w ... | 2010 | 20508821 |
| entamoeba histolytica: differential gene expression during programmed cell death and identification of early pro- and anti-apoptotic signals. | we have demonstrated that programmed cell death (pcd) in entamoeba histolytica is induced in vitro by g418 aminoglycoside antibiotic. to ascertain if biochemical and morphological changes previously observed are paired to molecular changes that reflect a genetic program, we looked here for early differential gene expression during the induction of pcd. using cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) and in silico derived analysis we showed in e. histolytica a differential gene express ... | 2010 | 20515683 |
| repetitive elements in parasitic protozoa. | a recent paper published in bmc genomics suggests that retrotransposition may be active in the human gut parasite entamoeba histolytica. this adds to our knowledge of the various types of repetitive elements in parasitic protists and the potential influence of such elements on pathogenicity. | 2010 | 20529240 |
| serum-dependent selective expression of ehtmkb1-9, a member of entamoeba histolytica b1 family of transmembrane kinases. | entamoeba histolytica transmembrane kinases (ehtmks) can be grouped into six distinct families on the basis of motifs and sequences. analysis of the e. histolytica genome revealed the presence of 35 ehtmkb1 members on the basis of sequence identity (>or=95%). only six homologs were full length containing an extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment and an intracellular kinase domain. reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) of the kinase domain was used to generat ... | 2010 | 20532220 |
| diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis by detection of entamoeba histolytica dna in blood, urine, and saliva by a real-time pcr assay. | the noninvasive diagnosis of amebic liver abscess is challenging, as most patients at the time of diagnosis do not have a concurrent intestinal infection with entamoeba histolytica. fecal testing for e. histolytica parasite antigen or dna is negative in most patients. a real-time pcr assay was evaluated for detection of e. histolytica dna in blood, urine, and saliva samples from amebic liver abscess as well as amebic colitis patients in bangladesh. a total of 98 amebic liver abscess and 28 amebi ... | 2010 | 20534800 |
| crystal structure and trimer-monomer transition of n-terminal domain of ehcabp1 from entamoeba histolytica. | ehcabp1 is a well-characterized calcium binding protein from entamoeba histolytica with four canonical ef-hand motifs. the crystal structure of ehcabp1 reveals the trimeric organization of n-terminal domain. the solution structure obtained at ph 6.0 indicated its monomeric nature, similar to that of calmodulin. recent domain-wise studies showed clearly that the n-terminal domain of ehcabp1 is capable of performing most of the functions of the full-length protein. additionally, the mode of target ... | 2010 | 20550906 |
| comparison of serine-rich protein genes of entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from institutions for the mentally retarded in kanagawa and shizuoka prefectures, japan. | in japan, amebiasis has been observed in homosexual men, in institutionalized persons, and in overseas travelers. we have previously reported an outbreak of amebiasis that occurred from 1986 to 1994 in institutions for the mentally retarded in kanagawa and shizuoka prefectures in eastern japan. entamoeba histolytica but not entamoeba dispar was identified in entamoeba cultures obtained from cyst passers in four institutions located in different municipalities in this region. in the present study ... | 2010 | 20556425 |
| new assembly, reannotation and analysis of the entamoeba histolytica genome reveal new genomic features and protein content information. | in order to maintain genome information accurately and relevantly, original genome annotations need to be updated and evaluated regularly. manual reannotation of genomes is important as it can significantly reduce the propagation of errors and consequently diminishes the time spent on mistaken research. for this reason, after five years from the initial submission of the entamoeba histolytica draft genome publication, we have re-examined the original 23 mb assembly and the annotation of the pred ... | 2010 | 20559563 |
| identification of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in fresh stool sample: comparison of three staining techniques and study on the viability period of the trophozoites. | entamoeba histolytica causes about 50 million infections worldwide with a death rate of over 100,000 annually. in endemic developing countries where resources are limited, microscopic examinations based on wheatley trichrome staining is commonly used for diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. other than being a time-consuming method, it must be performed promptly after stool collection as trophozoites disintegrate rapidly in faeces. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of eosin-y, wh ... | 2010 | 20562817 |
| prevalence of entamoeba histolytica in humans. | the present survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of human amebiasis. during the study, 1360 fecal samples were examined from february 2007 to december 2007 at nishtar hospital, multan. out of 1360 hosts examined, 295 were infected with e. histolytica. the overall prevalence of e. histolytica was (21.69%). relationship between sex and e. histolytica in humans showed that the infection of e. histolytica was more prevalent in male hosts (22.36%) as compared to female hosts (20.9%). ho ... | 2010 | 20566452 |
| molecular identification of entamoeba spp. in captive nonhuman primates. | this study describes the molecular identification of 520 entamoeba-positive fecal samples from a large and diverse population of captive nonhuman primates (nhp). the results revealed the presence of entamoeba histolytica (nhp variant only), e. dispar, e. moshkovskii, e. hartmanni, e. coli, and e. polecki-like organisms. | 2010 | 20573870 |
| a phylogenetic survey of myotubularin genes of eukaryotes: distribution, protein structure, evolution, and gene expression. | phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol (ptdins) lipids, produced and modified by ptdins kinases and phosphatases, are critical to the regulation of diverse cellular functions. the myotubularin ptdins-phosphate phosphatases have been well characterized in yeast and especially animals, where multiple isoforms, both catalytically active and inactive, occur. myotubularin mutations bring about disruption of cellular membrane trafficking, and in humans, disease. previous studies have suggested that myotu ... | 2010 | 20576132 |
| undiagnosed amebic brain abscess. | we report a case of amebic brain abscess due to entamoeba histolytica. the patient was a 31-year-old man who presented with amebic liver abscess. his clinical course deteriorated in spite of proper drainage and treatment. he developed delirium, lethargy and then expired. with a history of heroin addiction, withdrawal syndrome from heroin was suspected. at autopsy, amebic abscesses were detected in the liver, large intestine, meninges and brain. a 19 cm amebic liver abscess was found in the right ... | 2009 | 20578451 |
| in vivo visualization of trophozoites in patients with amoebic colitis by using a newly developed endocytoscope. | the endocytoscopy system (ecs) is a new method to provide real-time super-magnifying microscopic imaging in vivo. routine diagnosis of amebic colitis requires multiple tests that are both time consuming and costly. | 2010 | 20579647 |
| downregulation of an entamoeba histolytica rhomboid protease reveals roles in regulating parasite adhesion and phagocytosis. | entamoeba histolytica is a deep-branching eukaryotic pathogen. rhomboid proteases are intramembrane serine proteases, which cleave transmembrane proteins in, or in close proximity to, their transmembrane domain. we have previously shown that e. histolytica contains a single functional rhomboid protease (ehrom1) and has unique substrate specificity. ehrom1 is present on the trophozoite surface and relocalizes to internal vesicles during erythrophagocytosis and to the base of the cap during surfac ... | 2010 | 20581296 |
| entamoeba histolytica liver abscess. | | 2010 | 20584930 |
| an unusual presentation of amebic liver abscesses. | | 2010 | 20584933 |
| infection status of hospitalized diarrheal patients with gastrointestinal protozoa, bacteria, and viruses in the republic of korea. | to understand protozoan, viral, and bacterial infections in diarrheal patients, we analyzed positivity and mixed-infection status with 3 protozoans, 4 viruses, and 10 bacteria in hospitalized diarrheal patients during 2004-2006 in the republic of korea. a total of 76,652 stool samples were collected from 96 hospitals across the nation. the positivity for protozoa, viruses, and bacteria was 129, 1,759, and 1,797 per 10,000 persons, respectively. especially, cryptosporidium parvum was highly mixed ... | 2010 | 20585526 |
| a case of probable mixed-infection with clonorchis sinensis and fasciola sp.: ct and parasitological findings. | we report here a human case probably mixed-infected with clonorchis sinensis and fasciola sp. who was diagnosed by computed tomography (ct) scan, serological findings, and/or fecal examination. the patient was a 43-year-old korean female and was admitted to kyung hee university hospital with the complaints of fever and abdominal pain. on admission, marked eosinophilia was noted in her peripheral blood. ct scan showed specific lesions for clonorchiasis and fascioliasis in the liver, along with le ... | 2010 | 20585533 |
| two atypical l-cysteine-regulated nadph-dependent oxidoreductases involved in redox maintenance, l-cystine and iron reduction, and metronidazole activation in the enteric protozoan entamoeba histolytica. | we discovered novel catalytic activities of two atypical nadph-dependent oxidoreductases (ehno1/2) from the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. ehno1/2 were previously annotated as the small subunit of glutamate synthase (glutamine:2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase) based on similarity to authentic bacterial homologs. as e. histolytica lacks the large subunit of glutamate synthase, ehno1/2 were presumed to play an unknown role other than glutamine/glutamate conversion. transcriptomic ... | 2010 | 20592025 |
| entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis: trophozoite growth inhibition by metronidazole electro-transferred water. | the influence of low-frequency electromagnetic (lf-em) waves on microorganisms has been a subject of experimental investigations for more than two decades and the results are promising. in parallel, an interesting procedure known as biophysical-information-therapy or bioresonance therapy (brt) which in principle is based on lf-em stimulation, has emerged. brt was discovered in the late 1980's but it is still poorly studied. this paper demonstrates that by transferring metronidazole information t ... | 2011 | 20603119 |
| biochemical characterization of the dna ligase i from entamoeba histolytica. | dna ligases play an essential role in dna replication and repair. herein, we report the cloning and biochemical characterization of dna ligase i from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica (ehdnaligi). ehdnaligi is an atp-dependent dna ligase of 685 amino acids with 35% identity to human dna ligase i. this report shows that heterologous expressed ehdnaligi is able to perform the three conserved steps of a dna ligation reaction: adenylation, binding to a 5'-phosphorylated nicked dna substra ... | 2010 | 20603158 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial and nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activities of novel isothiourea derivatives. | the reaction of substituted benzylhalides, or of halomethyl derivatives of thiophene or furane, with thiourea or its derivatives yielded the respective isothioureas as hydrohalide salts. the products (a total of 17, including 16 novel compounds) were tested for activity against five gram-positive and nine gram-negative bacterial strains, six yeast species and two protozoan species. the most active against gram-positive bacteria were s-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)isothiourea hydrochloride (mic range for f ... | 2010 | 20607486 |
| activity of extracts and procesterol from calotropis gigantea against entamoeba histolytica. | extracts from the root bark of calotropis gigantea were subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation using growth inhibitory effects against entamoeba histolytica. the n-hexane soluble portion of the chloroform extract showed in vitro antiamoebic activity against the hk-9 strain of entamoeba histolytica. chromatographic separation of the chloroform extract afforded the known compound, procesterol, which showed activity against e. histolytica. | 2010 | 20614811 |
| human amebiasis: breaking the paradigm? | for over 30 years it has been established that the entamoeba histolytica protozoan included two biologically and genetically different species, one with a pathogenic phenotype called e. histolytica and the other with a non-pathogenic phenotype called entamoeba dispar. both of these amoebae species can infect humans. e. histolytica has been considered as a potential pathogen that can cause serious damage to the large intestine (colitis, dysentery) and other extraintestinal organs, mainly the live ... | 2010 | 20617021 |
| demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism in eastern chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in gombe national park, tanzania. | from january 2006 to january 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal samples from 90 individually-recognized, free-ranging, eastern chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting gombe national park, tanzania to determine how patterns of parasitism are affected by demographic and ecological covariates. seventeen parasite species were recovered, including eight nematodes (oesophagostomum sp., necator sp., probstmayria gombensis, strongyloides fulleborni, ascaris sp., trichuris sp., abbreviata cau ... | 2010 | 20623606 |
| pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and bifunctional aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase are essential for energy metabolism under oxidative stress in entamoeba histolytica. | the in vitro entamoeba histolytica pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (ehpfor) kinetic properties and the effect of oxidative stress on glycolytic pathway enzymes and fluxes in live trophozoites were evaluated. ehpfor showed a strong preference for pyruvate as substrate over other oxoacids. the enzyme was irreversibly inactivated by a long period of saturating o(2) exposure (ic(50) 0.034 mm), whereas short-term exposure (< 30 min) leading to > 90% inhibition allowed for partial restoration by ad ... | 2010 | 20629749 |
| concurrent amoebic and klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient: an unusual case report and review of the literature. | | 2010 | 20649739 |
| the jacob2 lectin of the entamoeba histolytica cyst wall binds chitin and is polymorphic. | the infectious and diagnostic form of entamoeba histolytica (eh), cause of amebic dysentery and liver abscess, is the quadranucleate cyst. the cyst wall of entamoeba invadens (ei), a model for eh, is composed of chitin fibrils and three sets of chitin-binding lectins that cross-link chitin fibrils (multivalent jacob lectins), self-aggregate (jessie lectins), and remodel chitin (chitinase). the goal here was to determine how well the ei model applies to entamoeba cysts from humans. | 2010 | 20652032 |
| in memoriam: louis s. "buddy" diamond (1920-2009). | | 2010 | 20662997 |
| design, synthesis, and in vitro antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial activities of n-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}ureas. | we have synthesized a new series of quinoline tripartite hybrids from chloroquine, ethambutol, and isoxyl drugs, using a short synthetic route. compounds 1-8 were tested in vitro against five protozoa (giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis,entamoeba histolytica, leishmania mexicana and trypanosoma cruzi) and mycobacterium tuberculosis. n-(4-butoxyphenyl)-n'-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}urea (6) was the most active compound against all parasites tested. compound 6 was 670 times mo ... | 2010 | 20674375 |
| regulation of virulence of entamoeba histolytica by the ure3-bp transcription factor. | it is not understood why only some infections with entamoeba histolytica result in disease. the calcium-regulated transcription factor upstream regulatory element 3-binding protein (ure3-bp) was initially identified by virtue of its role in regulating the expression of two amebic virulence genes, the gal/galnac lectin and ferredoxin. here we tested whether this transcription factor has a broader role in regulating virulence. a comparison of in vivo to in vitro parasite gene expression demonstrat ... | 2010 | 20689746 |
| entamoeba invadens: identification of adf/cofilin and their expression analysis in relation to encystation and excystation. | the differentiation processes of excystation and encystation of entamoeba are essential for infection and completion of their life-cycle, and the processes need cell motility and its control by actin cytoskeletal reorganization. this study investigated actin depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin (cfl) family proteins, which are important molecules in actin cytoskeletal reorganization, in entamoeba invadens in relation to the encystation and excystation. axenic culture systems were used to induce e ... | 2011 | 20691182 |
| identification and delineation of members of the entamoeba complex by pyrosequencing. | a method using a single-round pcr coupled to pyrosequencing was developed for the detection and differentiation of members of the entamoeba complex. the technique was evaluated using dna isolated directly from faecal specimens and compared with a duplex real-time pcr targeting entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar, and a conventional single-round pcr for the detection of entamoeba moshkovskii. tetranucleate cysts from 102 faecal specimens from swedish, danish and dutch patients test-positiv ... | 2010 | 20691255 |
| synthesis, characterization, antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity of novel series of pyrazoline derivatives bearing quinoline tail. | the cyclization of chalcones (1a-1j) with 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy) acetohydrazide (2) under basic condition led to the formation of new compounds, pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3j). in vitro antiamoebic activity was performed against hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. the results showed that the compounds 3d, 3g, 3h, and 3j exhibited promising antiamoebic activity (ic(50) = 0.05 microm, 0.31 microm, 0.06 microm, 0.29 microm) respectively than the standard drug metronidazole (ic(50) = 1.84 micro ... | 2010 | 20696501 |
| geographical location and age affects the incidence of parasitic infestations in school children. | environmental factors affect the dissemination and distribution of intestinal parasites in human communities. to comprehend the prevalence of parasitic infestation and to examine whether geographical location and age also influence the prevalence of infection, fecal samples from 195 school children (rural = 95; male = 39; female = 56) (urban = 100; male = 60; female = 40) of five age groups ranging from 5 to 11 years in two different socio-economic zones (rural and urban) were screened for speci ... | 2010 | 20699511 |
| a nuclear family a dna polymerase from entamoeba histolytica bypasses thymine glycol. | eukaryotic family a dna polymerases are involved in mitochondrial dna replication or translesion dna synthesis. here, we present evidence that the sole family a dna polymerase from the parasite protozoan e. histolytica (ehdnapola) localizes to the nucleus and that its biochemical properties indicate that this dna polymerase may be involved in translesion dna synthesis. | 2010 | 20706627 |
| evaluation of the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis and the distribution bft gene subtypes in patients with diarrhea. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) in the patients with diarrhea in our region and to assess the association between diarrhea and bft gene subtypes. the presence of etbf and bft gene subtypes were investigated in 200 stool samples from patients with diarrhea, diagnosed as gastroenteritis, which were sent to clinical microbiology laboratory at zonguldak karaelmas university, training and research hospital and in 200 stool samples f ... | 2010 | 20709181 |
| a novel galacto-glycerolipid from oxalis corniculata kills entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia. | oxalis corniculata is a naturally occurring weed that has been used in traditional medicine for the cure of dysentery and diarrhea in india. one of the common causes of dysentery is due to infection by the protist pathogen entamoeba histolytica. bioactivity profiling of extracts from o. corniculata identified several compounds that showed antiamoebic activity in axenic cultures of e. histolytica. these were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry as (i) oc-1, ... | 2010 | 20713666 |
| dynamical organization of the cytoskeletal cortex probed by micropipette aspiration. | bleb-based cell motility proceeds by the successive inflation and retraction of large spherical membrane protrusions ("blebs") coupled with substrate adhesion. in addition to their role in motility, cellular blebs constitute a remarkable illustration of the dynamical interactions between the cytoskeletal cortex and the plasma membrane. here we study the bleb-based motions of entamoeba histolytica in the constrained geometry of a micropipette. we construct a generic theoretical model that combine ... | 2010 | 20713731 |
| [two cases of pulmonary amebiasis]. | case 1: a 74-year-old man having a week's fever and diagnosed with a liver abscess was treated with several antibiotics and percutaneous liver drainage. his respiration gradually worsened and chest computed tomography (ct) showed right pleural effusion and a left-lung mass. percutaneous fine needle aspiration of the pulmonary mass detected entamoeba histolytica. case 2: a 44-year old, zoo office worker admitted for fever and right chest pain was found in ct to have right pleural effusion and a m ... | 2010 | 20715559 |
| structure-activity relationships of mononuclear metal-thiosemicarbazone complexes endowed with potent antiplasmodial and antiamoebic activities. | a useful concept for the rational design of antiparasitic drug candidates is the complexation of bioactive ligands with transition metals. in view of this, an investigation was conducted into a new set of metal complexes as potential antiplasmodium and antiamoebic agents, in order to examine the importance of metallic atoms, as well as the kind of sphere of co-ordination, in these biological properties. four functionalized furyl-thiosemicarbazones (nt1-4) treated with divalent metals (cu, co, pt ... | 2010 | 20719524 |
| difficulties in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis in mentally disabled individuals at a rehabilitation institution for the intellectually impaired in japan. | a mass entamoeba histolytica infection recurred despite repeated treatments with metronidazole at a rehabilitation institution for individuals with intellectual impairments. | 2010 | 20720419 |
| entamoeba invadens: dynamics of dna synthesis during differentiation from trophozoite to cyst. | the dna dynamics which mediate conversion of uni-nucleate trophozoite into quadrinucleate cyst in entamoeba histolytica is not well understood. here, we have addressed this question in entamoeba invadens (a model system for encystation) through a detailed time course study of the differentiation process. we combined flow cytometric analysis with the change in rate of thymidine incorporation and the number of nuclei per cell. our data shows that during encystment the cell population passes throug ... | 2011 | 20727884 |
| medicinal potions used against infectious bowel diseases in mayan traditional medicine. | since one of the main health problems of the indigenous population are infectious bowel diseases, we decided to test mayan medicinal potions used to treat these conditions against some of the causal agents. | 2010 | 20728517 |
| the excystation of entamoeba histolytica (tetragena) as an indication of the vitality of the cysts. | | 1916 | 20768140 |
| incidence and treatment of entamoeba histolytica infection at walton hospital. | | 1916 | 20768350 |
| note on some examinations and treatments for entamoeba histolytica infections. | | 1916 | 20768351 |
| rotenoids from lablab purpureus l. and their bioefficacy against human disease vectors. | various plant parts of lablab purpureu s l. were collected and analyzed separately for their rotenoid content. among the plant parts, the maximum content was in the roots and minimum in the seeds. the identity of different rotenoids was confirmed by melting point, mixed melting point, uv, and infrared spectral studies and gas-liquid chromatography. six rotenoids (deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin, and sumatrol) were isolated, identified, and quantified both in vivo and in v ... | 2010 | 20803155 |
| evidence for a novel entamoeba histolytica lectin activity that recognises carbohydrates present on ovalbumin. | entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal amoeba that causes dysentery and liver abscesses, acquires nutrients by engulfing bacteria in the colonic lumen and phagocytoses apoptotic cells during tissue invasion. in preliminary studies to identify ligands that stimulate amoebic phagocytosis, we used ovalbumin immobilized on latex particles as a potential negative control protein. surprisingly, ovalbumin strongly stimulated e. histolytica particle uptake. experiments using highly purified ovalbumin conf ... | 2011 | 20807536 |
| case report: huge amoebic liver abscesses in both lobes. | we describe the case of a patient who returned to china from africa and underwent emergency open surgical drainage with evacuation of 600 ml of anchovy sauce-like fluid from hepatic lesions. computed tomography scans and surgical findings indicated abscesses in both hemilivers and communication between them. bacteriological investigation of the fluid yielded negative results, but dna assay of the pus detected 18s rrna genes of entamoeba histolytica. serum anti-amoebic antibodies were detected us ... | 2010 | 20811141 |
| approaches to characterizing entamoeba histolytica transcriptional regulation. | entamoeba histolytica causes an estimated 100,000 deaths per year and is one of the leading causes of death among parasitic infections. studies using e. histolytica-specific polymerase chain reaction identified that 13.8% of adults in a rural mexican community and 11.2% of adults in central vietnam are asymptomatically colonized. such high incidents of asymptomatic infection suggest that only a minority of infections proceed to invasive disease. understanding the mechanisms that underpin variabl ... | 2010 | 20812994 |
| polymerase chain reaction confirmation of diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis in puducherry. | stool microscopy, the commonly used test for diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis, is unreliable as it does not differentiate entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent for amebiasis, from non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii. | 2010 | 20814775 |
| mass infection with entamoeba histolytica in a japanese institution for individuals with mental retardation: epidemiology and control measures. | after two cases of amoebic colitis were detected at an institution for the mentally retarded in the yamagata prefecture of japan, the prevalence and epidemiology of entamoeba histolytica infection at the institution were investigated. when the 76 residents with mental retardation were checked by serology and stool examinations, 40 (53%) showed evidence of infection with e. histolytica (i.e. e. histolytica-specific antibodies in their serum, entamoeba cysts in their stools, and/or e. histolytica- ... | 2010 | 20819306 |
| intestinal parasites infection among immunocompromised patients in riyadh, saudi arabia. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among immunocompromised patients in riyadh, saudi arabia. fecal samples were collected from 136 immunocompromised patients (52 females and 84 males), aged 2 to 69 years. specimens were fixed with 10% formalin for 30 min (2-3 g fecal(-1)) and then concentrated by a formalin-ether sedimentation technique. samples were examined as wet saline mounts and in iodine preparation for detection of protozoan oocysts, cysts, helmin ... | 2010 | 20836300 |
| entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 5 binds integrin on colonic cells and stimulates nfkappab-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. | integrins are important mammalian receptors involved in normal cellular functions and the pathogenesis of inflammation and disease. entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that colonizes the gut, and in 10% of infected individuals, causes amebic colitis and liver abscess resulting in 10(5) deaths/year. e. histolytica-induced host inflammatory responses are critical in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet the host and parasite factors involved in disease are poorly defined. here we show tha ... | 2010 | 20837477 |
| chemical constituents of osyris alba and their antiparasitic activities. | phytochemical investigation of osyris alba l. (santalaceae) of jordanian origin resulted in the isolation and identification of one new pyrrolizidine alkaloid, osyrisine (1), together with 16 other known compounds. the structures of all compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. osyrisine, catechin, and catechin-3-o-α-l-rhamnopyranoside exhibited a significant level of antiparasitic activity against two parasites, entamoeba histolytica and giardia intestinalis. | 2010 | 20839131 |
| acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ehadh2) and clathrin are involved in internalization of human transferrin by entamoeba histolytica. | transferrin (tf) is a host glycoprotein capable of binding two ferric-iron ions to become holotransferrin (holotf), which transports iron in to all cells. entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan able to use holotf as a sole iron source in vitro. the mechanism by which this parasite scavenges iron from holotf is unknown. an e. histolytica holotf-binding protein (ehtfbp) was purified by using an anti-human transferrin receptor (tfr) monoclonal antibody. ehtfbp was identified by ms/ms analys ... | 2011 | 20847004 |
| the antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-n targets well-known and novel targets on the surface of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. | entamoeba histolytica, the protist that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess, has a truncated asn-linked glycan (n-glycan) precursor composed of seven sugars (man(5)glcnac(2)). here, we show that glycoproteins with unmodified n-glycans are aggregated and capped on the surface of e. histolytica trophozoites by the antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-n and then replenished from large intracellular pools. cyanovirin-n cocaps the gal/galnac adherence lectin, as well as glycoproteins containing o-p ... | 2010 | 20852023 |
| patterns of gastro-intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health: the case of sympatric western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, senegal. | the exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. in support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and sympatric guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, se ... | 2011 | 20853397 |
| entamoeba histolytica infection and secreted proteins proteolytically damage enteric neurons. | the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes amebic colitis through disruption of the mucus layer, followed by binding to and destruction of epithelial cells. however, it is not known whether ameba infections or ameba components can directly affect the enteric nervous system. analysis of mucosal innervations in the mouse model of cecal amebiasis showed that axon density was diminished to less than 25% of control. to determine whether amebas directly contributed to axon loss, we te ... | 2010 | 20855514 |
| infectious colitis. | purpose of review: the incidence of gastrointestinal infections continues to increase and infectious colitis contributes to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. the purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in knowledge of pathogens causing infectious colitis. we describe the various pathogens and specifically focus on enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and entamoeba histolytica infections, and their impact on long-t ... | 2010 | 20856114 |
| classification of protein kinases on the basis of both kinase and non-kinase regions. | protein phosphorylation is a generic way to regulate signal transduction pathways in all kingdoms of life. in many organisms, it is achieved by the large family of ser/thr/tyr protein kinases which are traditionally classified into groups and subfamilies on the basis of the amino acid sequence of their catalytic domains. many protein kinases are multi-domain in nature but the diversity of the accessory domains and their organization are usually not taken into account while classifying kinases in ... | 2010 | 20856812 |
| the domain structure of entamoeba α-actinin2. | entamoeba histolytica, a major agent of human amoebiasis, expresses two distinct forms of α-actinin, a ubiquitous actin-binding protein that is present in most eukaryotic organisms. in contrast to all metazoan α-actinins, in both isoforms the intervening rod domain that connects the n-terminal actin-binding domain with the c-terminal ef-hands is much shorter. it is suggested that these α-actinins may be involved in amoeboid motility and phagocytosis, so we cloned and characterised each domain of ... | 2010 | 20865366 |
| redox regulation of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from entamoeba histolytica. | amoebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica and representing the third leading cause of death by parasites in the world. host-parasite interactions mainly involve anchored glycoconjugates localized in the surface of the parasitic cell. in protozoa, synthesis of structural oligo- and polysaccharides occurs via udp-glucose, generated in a reaction catalyzed by udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. we report the molecular cloning of the gene coding for this enz ... | 2010 | 20888387 |
| development of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii in clinical specimens. | multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for differential detection of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii. specific primers were designed for all three species, and then differentiation of e. histolytica and e. dispar was achieved simultaneously using a hybridization probe and melting curve analysis, whereas e. moshkovskii was detected with a separate probe under the same condition. this assay detected as little as 0.2 pg of e. histolytica ... | 2010 | 20889890 |
| seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection among men who have sex with men in sydney, australia. | a retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection in sydney, australia. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 429 high risk human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected men who have sex with men (msm), 446 low risk hiv-uninfected msm, and 456 hiv-uninfected controls were assessed. seroprevalence rates were 5.13% for the high risk hiv-infected msm group, 0.22% for the low risk hiv-uninfected msm group, and 0.44% for the control group. ... | 2010 | 20889891 |
| entamoeba histolytica calreticulin: an endoplasmic reticulum protein expressed by trophozoites into experimentally induced amoebic liver abscesses. | entamoeba histolytica calreticulin (ehcrt) is remarkably immunogenic in humans (90-100% of invasive amoebiasis patients). nevertheless, the study of calreticulin in this protozoan is still in its early stages. the exact location, biological functions, and its role in pathogenesis are yet to be fully understood. the aim of the present work is to determine the location of ehcrt in virulent trophozoites in vivo and the expression of the ehcrt gene during the development of experimentally induced am ... | 2010 | 20922421 |
| comparison of protein-free defined media, and effect of l-cysteine and ascorbic acid supplementation on viability of axenic entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is the etiologic agent for amoebiasis. the excretory-secretory (es) products of the trophozoites contain virulence factors and antigens useful for diagnostic applications. contaminants from serum supplements and dead trophozoites impede analysis of es. therefore, a protein-free medium that can sustain maximum viability of e. histolytica trophozoites for the longest time duration will enable collection of contaminant-free and higher yield of es products. in the present study ... | 2010 | 20922423 |
| metabolome analysis revealed increase in s-methylcysteine and phosphatidylisopropanolamine synthesis upon l-cysteine deprivation in the anaerobic protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | l-cysteine is ubiquitous in all living organisms and is involved in a variety of functions, including the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and glutathione and the regulation of the structure, stability, and catalysis of proteins. in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis, l-cysteine plays an essential role in proliferation, adherence, and defense against oxidative stress; however, the essentiality of this amino acid in the pathways it regulates is not wel ... | 2010 | 20923776 |
| trend of entamoeba histolytica infestation in kolkata. | abstract: | 2010 | 20925925 |
| [amebiasis: implications of the recognition of entamoeba dispar and the identification of entamoeba moshkovskii in humans]. | the history of entamoeba histolytica is very confuse and shows several wrong concepts about the parasite and its relationship with the host. the poor correlation between the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic amebiasis originated the proposal of three explicative hypothesis, among them was the concept of brumpt that e. histolytica comprised two morphologically identical species, e. dysenteriae and e. dispar. the application of modern molecular techniques irrefutably proved that e. histol ... | 2010 | 20928980 |
| anti-inflammatory defense mechanisms of entamoeba histolytica. | the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif), a heat-stable oligopeptide found in the supernatant fluid of entamoeba histolytica axenic cultures, may contribute to the delayed inflammation observed in amoebic hepatic abscess. this factor was isolated by ultra-filtration and high powered liquid chromatography, obtaining a primary met-gln-cys-asn-ser structure, identified afterwards as the carboxyl-terminal (…cys-asn-ser) active site. the selective anti-inflammatory effects of the pentapeptide ... | 2010 | 20938711 |
| [entamoeba histolytica]. | | 2010 | 20942060 |
| ehmapk, the mitogen-activated protein kinase from entamoeba histolytica is associated with cell survival. | mitogen activated protein kinases (mapks) are a class of serine/threonine kinases that regulate a number of different cellular activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and even death. the pathogen entamoeba histolytica possess a single homologue of a typical mapk gene (ehmapk) whose identification was previously reported by us but its functional implications remained unexplored. ehmapk, the only mitogen-activated protein kinase from the parasitic protist entamoeba histo ... | 2010 | 20949043 |
| crystal structure of the cysteine protease inhibitor 2 from entamoeba histolytica: functional convergence of a common protein fold. | cysteine proteases (cp) are key pathogenesis and virulence determinants of protozoan parasites. entamoeba histolytica contains at least 50 cysteine proteases; however, only three (ehcp1, ehcp2 and ehcp5) are responsible for approximately 90% of the cysteine protease activity in this parasite. cps are expressed as inactive zymogens. because the processed proteases are potentially cytotoxic, protozoan parasites have developed mechanisms to regulate their activity. inhibitors of cysteine proteases ... | 2010 | 20951777 |
| [distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the tokat public health laboratory during the period from january 2007 - december 2009]. | in this study, the results of 1868 stool samples and 215 cellophane tapes examined in the tokat public health laboratory between january 2007-december 2009 and the distribution of these parasites were evaluated retrospectively. a total of 1868 stool specimens from 1146 (61.3%) males and 722 (38.7%) females were examined for intestinal parasites using direct examination and the formol-ethyl acetate concentration methods. intestinal parasites were found in 40 (2.1%) females and 85 (4.6%) males. a ... | 2010 | 20954116 |
| [a retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in istanbul, turkey]. | the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites, in comparison to previous studies in istanbul and different geographic regions of turkey. between january 1999-december 2009, a total of 27664 stool samples from patients with suspicious intestinal parasitic infections who were admitted to istanbul university cerrahpasa medical school hospital were examined for intestinal parasites by using native lugol and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, in adition to t ... | 2010 | 20954117 |
| synthesis, characterization, antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity of novel 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy) acetohydrazones and their cyclized products (1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,2,3-selenadiazole derivatives). | a series of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,2,3-selenadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the cyclization of novel 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy) acetohydrazones. in vitro antiamoebic activity was performed against hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. the results showed that all the 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy) acetohydrazones were more active than their cyclized products (1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,2,3-selenadiazole derivatives). sar showed that the compounds having quinoline ring and hydrazone linkage with free ... | 2010 | 20961670 |
| hepato-pulmonary amebiasis: a case report. | infections with entamoeba histolytica are seen worldwide and are more prevalent in the tropics. about 90% of infections are asymptomatic, and the remaining 10% produce a spectrum of clinical syndromes, ranging from dysentery to abscesses of the liver or other organs. extra-intestinal infection by e. histolytica most often involves liver. pleuro-pulmonary involvement, seen as the second most common extra-intestinal pattern of infection, is frequently associated with amebic liver abscess. pulmonar ... | 2010 | 20963322 |