| [inos and ache expression on guinea pigs cochlea spiral ganglion induced by streptomycin and attenuation by salvia miltiorrhiza injection]. | to study the expression of inos and ache on ginea pigs cochlea spiral ganglion induced by streptomycin (sm) and attenuation by salvia miltiorrhiza injection (chinese traditional medicine-dansen ds). | 2009 | 21189568 |
| tanshinone iia prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through akt-dependent pathway. | background: doxorubicin, one of the original anthracyclines, remains among the most effective anticancer drugs ever developed. clinical use of doxorubicin is, however, greatly limited by its serious adverse cardiac effects that may ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. tanshinone iia is the main effective component of salvia miltiorrhiza known as 'danshen' in traditional chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disorders. the objective of this study was set to evaluate the pro ... | 2010 | 21190747 |
| effect of salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment on the cck and vip expression in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced digestive tract congestion. | the inhibitory effect of different reperfusion periods 45 min following hepatic ischemia on the expression of cholecystokinin (cck) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) in the jejunum and the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment were investigated, and the possible mechanism and implications were explored. eighty rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (co group), sham-operated group (so group), ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury group (ir group) and salvia milti ... | 2010 | 21191838 |
| long-term treatment with danshen-gegen decoction protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via the redox-sensitive protein kinase c-ε/mk(atp) pathway in rats. | danshen-gegen (dg) decoction, an herbal formulation comprised of radix salvia miltiorrhiza and radix puerariae lobata, is prescribed for the treatment of coronary heart disease in chinese medicine. experimental and clinical studies have indicated that dg decoction can reduce the extent of atherosclerosis. in the present study, using an ex vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury, we investigated the myocardial preconditioning effect of an aqueous dg extract prepared from an ... | 2011 | 21204655 |
| 15,16-dihydrotanshinone i, a compound of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, induces apoptosis through inducing endoplasmic reticular stress in human prostate carcinoma cells. | 5,16-dihydrotanshinone i (dhts) is extracted from salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (tanshen root) and was found to be the most effective compound of tanshen extracts against breast cancer cells in our previous studies. however, whether dhts can induce apoptosis through an endoplasmic reticular (er) stress pathway was examined herein. in this study, we found that dhts significantly inhibited the proliferation of human prostate du145 carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis. dhts was able to induce er stres ... | 2011 | 21274285 |
| salvianolic acid b and tanshinone iia attenuate myocardial ischemia injury in mice by no production through multiple pathways. | salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) has been widely used for the treatment of cardiac and cerebrovascular disease throughout history. the objective of this study is to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying danshen's cardiac protective effects to support its clinical evidence. | 2011 | 21282198 |
| unique action of sodium tanshinone ii-a sulfonate (ds-201) on the ca(2+) dependent bk(ca) activation in mouse cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. | sodium tanshinone ii-a sulfonate (ds-201) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone iia, a main active constituent of salvia miltiorrhiza which has been used for treatments of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. ds-201 activates large conductance ca(2+)-sensitive k(+) channels (bk(ca)) in arterial smooth muscle cells, and reduces the vascular tone. here we investigated the effect of ds-201 on the bk(ca) channel kinetics by analyzing single channel currents. smooth muscle cells were freshly ... | 2011 | 21284944 |
| the role of p-glycoprotein in transport of danshensu across the blood-brain barrier. | danshensu (3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid), a water-soluble active component isolated from the root of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, is widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. the present study aims to investigate the role of p-glycoprotein in transport of danshensu across the blood-brain barrier. sprague-dawley rats were pretreated with verapamil at a dose of 20?mg?kg(-1) (verapamil group) or the same volume of normal saline (control group). ninety minutes later, the anima ... | 2011 | 21318104 |
| effects of medicinal herb salvia miltiorrhiza on osteoblastic cells in vitro. | sufficient osteoinduction is essential for the success and effectiveness of bone grafting. it was previously found that salvia miltiorrhiza (sm), a commonly used chinese herb increased osteogenesis in vivo. the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sm on bone cells in vitro, in an attempt to get a better understanding on how sm can promote bone remodeling. mc3t3-e1, an osteoblastic cell line, was cultured with sm for different time intervals (24, 48, and 72?h), whereas the control g ... | 2011 | 21319217 |
| [absorption mechanism of tanshinone ii a, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone i and tanshinones extract in rat small intestine in vivo]. | to study the absorption mechanism of tanshinones in the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza as well as the interaction between the components in the effective fraction. | 2010 | 21322959 |
| metabolic engineering tanshinone biosynthetic pathway in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. | tanshinone is a group of active diterpenes widely used in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. here, we report the introduction of genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (ggpps) involved in tanshinone biosynthesis into salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer technology. overexpression of smggpps and/or smhmgr as well as smdxs in transgenic hairy root lin ... | 2011 | 21335099 |
| [effects of combination of salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng on the pharmacokinetics of their major bioactive components in beagle dog]. | after oral administration of salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen in chinese), panax notoginseng (sanqi in chinese) and danshen sanqi combination suspensions to beagle dogs, the plasma concentration-time profiles of danshensu, tanshinone ii(a), cryptotanshinone, notoginsenoside r1, ginsenoside rg1 and rb1 were analyzed by lc-ms/ms. pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed with bapp 2.0 software. the results showed that the cmax and auc of danshensu, notoginsenoside r1, ginsenoside rg1 and ... | 2010 | 21361045 |
| direct vasorelaxation by a novel phytoestrogen tanshinone iia is mediated by nongenomic action of estrogen receptor through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and calcium mobilization. | salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) has been widely used in china and other asian countries for treating various cardiovascular diseases resulting from its ability to improve coronary microcirculation and increase coronary blood flow. tanshinone iia (tan iia), the major active lipophilic ingredient responsible for the beneficial actions of salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to induce vasodilation in coronary arteries. because our recent study identified tan iia as a new member of the phytoestrogens, ... | 2011 | 21383591 |
| stimulation of non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-ß protein precursor by cryptotanshinone involves activation and translocation of adam10 and pkc-a. | cerebral deposition of amyloid-ß peptide (aß) plaques is now considered the central feature of alzheimer's disease. recent studies suggest that cryptotanshinone (cts) extracted from the root of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge could be used for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer's disease. in this study, we investigated the role of cts on non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-ß protein precursor (aßpp) as well as its regulation by protein kinase c (pkc). treatment with cts dose-dependently and ... | 2011 | 21403388 |
| antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of tanshinone-type diterpenoids from salvia miltiorrhiza. | in a medium throughput screen of 880 plant and fungal extracts for antiprotozoal activity, a dichloromethane extract of salvia miltiorrhiza roots was active against both trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and plasmodium falciparum. with hplc-based activity profiling in combination with on- and off-line spectroscopic methods (pda, -ms (n), hr-ms, microprobe nmr), the active compounds were identified as tanshinone-type diterpenoids. subsequent isolation and structure elucidation yielded the known subs ... | 2011 | 21412700 |
| danshen extract does not alter pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and clopidogrel, reflecting its negligible potential in p-glycoprotein- and cytochrome p4503a-mediated herb-drug interactions. | danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza) contains tanshinones, which inhibit p-glycoprotein (p-gp) and the cytochrome p450 (cyp) system. in the present study, we evaluated the possible pharmacokinetic interactions of danshen extract with docetaxel and clopidogrel in rats. docetaxel (5 mg/kg intravenously and 40 mg/kg orally) or clopidogrel (30 mg/kg orally) was administered to rats with or without oral co-administration of danshen (400 mg/kg). co-administration of danshen did not affect the plasma concentr ... | 2011 | 21421030 |
| car-mediated up-regulation of cyp3a4 expression in ls174t cells by chinese herbal compounds. | the constitutive androstane receptor (car) is an orphan nuclear receptor which has been shown to participate in the activation of human cyp3a4, which metabolizes more than 50% of clinically used drugs. we investigated the effects of an array of compounds isolated from herbal medicines such as rheum palmatum (da huang), peucedanum praeruptorum dunn (qian hu), cortex mori radicis (sang bai pi), radix asteris (zi wan), salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen), polygonum cuspidatum sieb. et zucc (hu zhang), a ... | 2011 | 21422673 |
| effects of salvia miltiorrhiza extract on the liver cyp3a activity in humans and rats. | salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) is a famous traditional chinese medicine used widely in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. this study explored the effects of danshen capsules commonly used in clinical practice on the liver cyp3a activity in humans and rats. the effects of danshen extract on liver cyp3a activity were determined by metabolism of model substrates in vitro in human and rat liver microsomes and in the rat in vivo. hplc was used to determine model substrates a ... | 2011 | 21425376 |
| effects of tanshinone iia, a major component of salvia miltiorrhiza, on platelet aggregation in healthy newborn piglets. | tanshinone iia (sts), an active ingredient of the chinese herb danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza) for angina and stroke in adults, has been reported to inhibit platelet function. however, its effect on platelet and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown, particularly in neonates. | 2011 | 21453766 |
| proteomic analysis of protective effects of polysaccharides from salvia miltiorrhiza against immunological liver injury in mice. | this study was designed to investigate mechanisms of the protective effects of salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (smps) against lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced immunological liver injury (ili) in bacille calmette-guérin (bcg)-primed mice. two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis showed that three proteins are down-regulated and six proteins are up-regulated by smps. smps red ... | 2011 | 21480413 |
| plant density-dependent variations in bioactive markers and root yield in australian-grown salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. | the plant density-dependent variations in the root yield and content, and the yield of biomarkers in australian grown salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, a commonly used chinese medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, were investigated in a field trial involving six different plant densities. the key biomarker compounds cryptotanshinone, tanshinone i, tanshinone iia, and salvianolic acid b were quantified by a validated rp-hplc method, and the root yields were determined per plant pa ... | 2011 | 21480516 |
| tanshinone iia protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting calcineurin/nfatc3 pathway. | pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by adrenergic overactivation can subsequently develop to heart failure which remains as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. tanshinone iia is a lipid-soluble pharmacologically active compound extracted from the rhizome of the chinese herb salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional chinese medicine used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. however, little is know about the effect of tanshinone iia on cardiac hypertrophy. the present study ... | 2011 | 21494433 |
| [effects of salvia miltiorrhiza and carthamus tinctorius aqueous extracts and compatibility on rat myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury]. | to separate and characterize aqueous extracts of salvia miltiorrhiza and carthamus tinctorius to efficient, high-throughput and strong polar components, to observe effects of their aqueous effective components compatibility on rat myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. | 2011 | 21506421 |
| effects of salvianolic scid a on plantar microcirculation and peripheral nerve function in diabetic rats. | salvianolic acid a (sala) is the main efficacious, water-soluble constituent of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. this study evaluated the effects of sala on plantar microcirculation and peripheral nerve dysfunction in streptozotocin (stz )-induced type 2 diabetic rats. the rats were given a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for a month followed by intraperitoneal injection of stz (30mg/kg). oral administration of sala (1 and 3mg/kg, respectively) was performed daily for 10weeks after modeling. diabetic r ... | 2011 | 21510928 |
| cryptotanshinone enhances tnf-α-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia kbm-5 cells. | cryptotanshinone is a biologically active compound from the root of salvia miltiorrhiza. in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which cryptotanshinone is in synergy with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) for the induction of apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) kbm-5 cells. the co-treatment of cryptotanshinone with tnf-α reduced the viability of the cells [combination index (ci) < 1]. concomitantly, the co-treatment of cryptotanshinone and tnf-α elicited ... | 2011 | 21519916 |
| cryptotanshinone attenuates in vitro oxldl-induced pre-lesional atherosclerotic events. | development of early stage atherosclerosis involves the activation of endothelial cells by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxldl) with subsequent increases in endothelial permeability and expression of adhesion molecules favoring the adherence of monocytes to the endothelium. cryptotanshinone (cts), a major compound derived from the chinese herb salvia miltiorrhiza, is known for its protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this study was to determine whether cts could pre ... | 2011 | 21614753 |
| antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of danshensu (3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid from salvia miltiorrhiza) on isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy in rats. | myocardial hypertrophy has been linked to the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, and is a risk factor for myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of danshensu (dss), a water-soluble active component of danshen, on cardiac hypertrophy in rats. we are the first to report that dss reversed cx43 down-regulation in ventricular tissue. cardiomyopathy in rats was produced using isoprote ... | 2011 | 21665454 |
| tanshinone iia prevents cardiac remodeling through attenuating nad (p)h oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production in hypertensive rats. | tanshinone iia is one of major constituents of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge known as danshen. our and others' studies have shown that tan iia could protect cardimyocyte against apoptosis; however the effect of tan iia on cardiac remodeling disease is still unknown. in this study, we investigated the effects of tan iia on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in two-kidney, two-clip (2k2c) hypertensive rats and by which, if any, mechanisms. administration of 2k2c hypertensive rats with tan iia attenuated ... | 2011 | 21812327 |
| salvianolic acid a demonstrates cardioprotective effects in rat hearts and cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion injury. | salvianolic acid a (sal a), the water-soluble component from the root of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant, possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiplatelet properties. however, whether it plays a role in protection against ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury in rat hearts has yet to be elucidated. in the present study, we tested cell viability, shortening amplitude, necrosis, apoptosis and the expression levels of akt, phosphorylated akt, bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 after 3-hour simulated ische ... | 2011 | 21795988 |
| anti-angiogenic effect of tanshinone iia involves inhibition of matrix invasion and modification of mmp-2/timp-2 secretion in vascular endothelial cells. | tanshinone iia (tan iia) is one of the major lipophilic components of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge reported to exhibit anti-carcinogenic effect. in the present study, we further evaluated the anti-angiogenic effect of tan iia using the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) in chicken embryos and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (huvecs). tan iia was confirmed to inhibit in vivo angiogenesis by cam assay. tan iia also exhibited in vitro anti-angiogenic effects as demonstrated by tube formation as ... | 2011 | 21788102 |
| in salvia miltiorrhiza, phenolic acids possess protective properties against amyloid ß-induced cytotoxicity, and tanshinones act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. | radix salvia miltiorrhiza (rsm), a traditional chinese medicinal herb, has been alleged to possess therapeutic effects against senile dementia, also known as alzheimer's disease (ad). however, the effects of the major components in rsm on cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-ß peptide (aß) and on acetylcholinesterase activity have not been studied in depth to date. in this report, the effects of rsm aqueous/ethanol extracts, total polyphenols, total tanshinones and 3 phenolic compounds against toxici ... | 2011 | 21787715 |
| inhibition of glucose-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by salvia miltiorrhiza hydrophilic extract in human microvascular endothelial cells: evidence for mitochondrial oxidative stress. | aim of study: diabetes mellitus is frequently combined with vascular diseases, which are associated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). an approach that can reverse the induction of vegf by hyperglycemia may potentially benefit the outcome of diabetic patients. therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza (s. miltiorrhiza) hydrophilic extract on the expression of vegf induced by high concentration of glucose. materials and metho ... | 2011 | 21782920 |
| in vitro cytotoxic activity of abietane diterpenes from peltodon longipes as well as salvia miltiorrhiza and salvia sahendica. | phytochemical investigations of the n-hexane extract from the roots of peltodon longipes (lamiaceae) resulted in the isolation of 12 known abietane diterpenes (1-12). structures were established on the basis of one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data ((1)h and (13)c, cosy, hsqc and hmbc), electron ionization mass spectrometric analysis (eims) as well as comparison with data from literature. these compounds, as well as eight known diterpenes (13-19) from salvia milti ... | 2011 | 21775156 |
| a modified formulation of chinese traditional medicine improves memory impairment and reduces aß level in the tg-appswe/ps1de9 mouse model of alzheimer's disease. | ethnopharmacological relevance: suhexiang wan (shxw), a chinese traditional medicine has been used orally for the treatment of seizures, infantile convulsion, stroke and so forth. previously, we reported the effects of modified shxw essential oil mixture of the fragrance containing herbs on the sedative effect, anticonvulsant property and antioxidative activity after fragrance inhalation. materials and methods: this study was undertaken to evaluate beneficial effects of a modified recipe of shxw ... | 2011 | 21762767 |
| cytotoxic effect and apoptotic mechanism of tanshinone a, a novel tanshinone derivative, on human erythroleukemic k562 cells. | tanshinone a is a novel derivative of phenanthrene-quinone extracted from salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, a traditional herbal medicine. cytotoxic effect of tanshinone a was observed in this study. additionally its mechanism of promoting apoptosis was also investigated. mtt and srb assays were applied to measure the effects of tanshinone a on the cell viability, the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry using pi staining and annexin v/pi double staining method res ... | 2011 | 21699893 |
| prescription patterns of chinese herbal products for menopausal syndrome: analysis of a nationwide prescription database. | ethno-pharmacological relevance: chinese herbal products (chp) are commonly used for menopausal syndrome in traditional chinese medicine (tcm). aim of the study: because menopausal syndrome is a common issue among women worldwide, this study analyzed the prescription patterns and frequencies of chp in relieving menopausal syndrome in taiwan. materials and methods: prescriptions of chp for menopausal syndrome were obtained from the nationwide prescription database (national health insurance resea ... | 2011 | 21824510 |
| magnesium lithospermate b alleviates the production of endothelin-1 through an no-dependent mechanism and reduces experimental vasospasm in rats. | objective: magnesium lithospermate b (mlb), a working extract from salvia miltiorrhiza, was effective against coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, and chronic renal disease. this study examined the effect of mlb on endothelin-1/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) in a subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) animal model. methods: a rodent double-hemorrhage model was employed. animals were randomly assigned to five groups (sham, sah only, vehicle, 10-ámg/kg/day mlb treatment, and pretreatment gro ... | 2011 | 21833783 |
| improving the nqo1-inducing activities of phenolic acids from radix salvia miltiorrhiza: a methylation strategy. | nad(p)h: quinone oxidoreductase1 (nqo1) is an important detoxification enzyme that can protect mammalian cells against toxic quinones and reduce the risk of tumorigenesis. in this study, it was found that salvianolic acid b (sab), lithospermic acid (la), and rosmarinic acid (ra), three main hydrophilic constituents in danshen, conjugated with glutathione (gsh) easily in vitro but exhibited no nqo1-inducing activities in hepa 1c1c7 cells, which might attribute to their poor absorptions. after a s ... | 2011 | 21733125 |
| protection of chinese herbs against adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. | the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of chinese herbs (angelica sinensis, ligusticum wallichii, salvia miltiorrhiza, rhizoma dioscoreae, rhodiola crenilata, astragalus membranaceus and angelica sinensis) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. 30 age-matched male wistar rats were divided into three groups. rats in group a (n = 10), b (n = 10) and c (n = 10) were fed a standard laboratory chow and allowed tap water ad libitum. in group b and c, renal failure was induced by t ... | 2010 | 21731165 |
| ailanthoidol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory reactions in raw264.7ôçëcells and endotoxin shock in mice. | the biological properties of ailanthoidol, a neolignan from zanthoxylum ailanthoides or salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, which is used in chinese traditional herbal medicine, have not been evaluated. here, we report that ailanthoidol inhibits inflammatory reactions in macrophages and protects mice from endotoxin shock. our in vitro experiments showed that ailanthoidol suppressed the generation of nitric oxide (no) and prostaglandin e(2) , as well as the expression of inducible no synthase (inos) and c ... | 2011 | 21826708 |
| roles of reactive oxygen species in methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide-induced tanshinone production in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. | salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most popular traditional chinese medicinal plants for treatment of coronary heart disease. tanshinones are the main biological active compounds in s. miltiorrhiza. in this study, effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (mj) and nitric oxide (no) on tanshinone production in s. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ros) in mj and no-induced tanshinone production were elucidated further. the results showed that contents ... | 2011 | 22189441 |
| Cardioprotective effect of water and ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. | ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Salvia miltiorrhiza has long been used in the traditional Chinese formulations for the treatment of heart ischemic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: We investigated the cardioprotective effect of purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) in an experimental model of acute myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following induction of acute myocardial infarction in rats by adminstration of isoproterenol, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters were monitore ... | 2011 | 22138518 |
| salvianolic acid b inhibits erk and p38 mapk signaling in tgf-β1-stimulated human hepatic stellate cell line (lx-2) via distinct pathways. | salvianolic acid b (sa-b) is water-soluble component of radix salvia miltiorrhiza. the previous work indicated that sa-b can inhibit mapk and smad signaling in activated hepatic stellate cells (hscs) to perform anti-fibrotic activity lv et al. 2010. however, some studies have shown that there is cross-talk between mapk and smad in certain cell types. thus, the anti-fibrotic action of sa-b may be through the cross-talk. in order to clarify the mechanism of sa-b further, we knocked down smad in lx ... | 2012 | 21860657 |
| the anti-hypertensive effect of danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza) and gegen (pueraria lobata) formula in rats and its underlying mechanisms of vasorelaxation. | radix salviae miltiorrhizae (danshen) and radix puerariae lobatae (gegen) have long been used in traditional chinese medicine and serve as the principal herbs in treating cardiovascular disease. | 2011 | 21855622 |
| Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. | ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dipsacus asper Wall (Dipsacaceae), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia) and Drynaria fortunei (Drynaria) have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine as the main ingredient of many formulations for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Dipsacaceae, Salvia and Drynaria on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). SETTING: This stud ... | 2011 | 21925257 |
| tanshinone iia pretreatment attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. | tanshinone iia (tan iia), an active component derived from salvia miltiorrhiza root, has been used to treat various ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. however, its impact on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury remains unclear. here, we addressed this issue by using a 90-minute partial liver ischemia model. mice were administered tan iia intragastrically for 3 days before ischemia and were assessed for liver damage 6-h after reperfusion. tan iia pretreatment significantly ... | 2012 | 22201956 |
| tanshinone iia activates calcium-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in human hepatoma cells. | tanshinone iia (tan iia), a natural product from herb salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, has potential anti-tumor activity. the aim of this study was to pinpoint the molecular mechanisms underlying tan iia-induced cancer cell apoptosis. human hepatoma bel-7402 cells treated with tan iia underwent assessment with mtt assay for cell viability, 10-day culture for colony formation, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. changes in intracellular [ca(2+)] and mitocho ... | 2012 | 21853384 |
| Down-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression contributes to an increase in Danshensu accumulation in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion brain. | P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a key role in the distribution and elimination of many clinically important therapeutic substances. P-gp inhibition is capable of increasing the concentration of various drugs in the brain. Danshensu is a main hydrophilic constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge which is used traditionally to treat cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, the effects of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion on the transport of ... | 2011 | 22134431 |
| [active ingredients and efficacies of ganoderma lucidum cultivated on non-medicinal parts of chinese medicinal herbs]. | ganoderma lucidum was cultivated on non-medicinal parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, chrysanthemum morifolium, ptatycodgn grandlfiorum, as all are chinese traditional herbal medicines. we studied the changes of active ingredients and efficacies of the ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. | 2011 | 21866700 |
| Molecular cloning and characterization of the promoter of SmGGPPs and its expression pattern in Salvia miltiorrhiza. | Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase is an important branch point enzyme in terpenoid biosynthesis. It regulates the formation of diterpenoid, such as tanshinones. We cloned a gene for GGPP synthase SmGGPPs involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis from Salvia miltiorrhiza. At 2,767 bp long, this gene comprises an intron and two exons that encode a polypeptide of 364 amino acid residues. Then the 5' flanking sequence of SmGGPPs was characterized by bioinformatics method. Deletion analysis of th ... | 2011 | 22203482 |
| tanshinone iia inhibits growth of keratinocytes through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis: underlying treatment mechanism of psoriasis. | the aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby tanshinone iia (tan iia) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. tan iia inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in s phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pcdk2 and cyclin a protein expression. furthermore, tan iia-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potentia ... | 2012 | 22203883 |
| analysis on outcome of 5284 patients with coronary artery disease: the role of integrative medicine. | ethnopharmacological relevance: traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has a history of thousands of years and has made great contributions to the health and well-being of the people. integrative medicine (im) treatment, combing tcm and conventional medicine, has been the most representative characteristic for coronary artery disease (cad) patients in china, especially those in im hospitals. however, the secondary prevention status of cad and the potential benefit of im therapy in improving cad prog ... | 2011 | 21924336 |
| proteomic studies on protective effects of salvianolic acids, notoginsengnosides and combination of salvianolic acids and notoginsengnosides against cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury. | ethnopharmacological relevance: salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng are popularly used traditional chinese medicine for cardiovascular disorders and they are often used in the form of combination. however, mechanisms of their cardioprotective effects were still not clear. in the present study, the protective effects of salvianolic acids (sa), notoginsengnosides (ng) and combination of sa and ng (csn) against rat cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury were checked and the protein expression pr ... | 2011 | 21903157 |
| using neural networks to determine the contribution of danshensu to its multiple cardiovascular activities in acute myocardial infarction rats. | danshensu is an active water-soluble component from salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been demonstrated holding multiple mechanisms for the regulation of cardiovascular system. however, the relative contribution of danshensu to its multiple cardiovascular activities remains largely unknown. | 2011 | 21924339 |
| acute treatment with danshen-gegen decoction protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via the redox-sensitive pkcɛ/mk(atp) pathway in rats. | danshen-gegen (dg) decoction, an herbal formulation comprising radix salvia miltiorrhiza and radix puerariae lobatae, is prescribed for the treatment of coronary heart disease in chinese medicine. experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that dg decoction can reduce the extent of atherosclerosis. in the present study, using an ex vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury, we investigated the myocardial preconditioning effect of an aqueous dg extract prepared from ... | 2011 | 21855786 |
| tanshinone iia attenuates cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 1. tanshinone iia, one of the active components of radix salvia miltiorrhiza, was used in traditional chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular diseases. however, the intracellular mechanism of tanshinone iia remains to be delineated. the aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that tanshinone iia alters strain-induced endothelin (et)-1 expression and nitric oxide (no) production, and to identify the putative underlying signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huve ... | 2011 | 22032308 |
| influence of co-administered danshensu on pharmacokinetic fate and tissue distribution of paeonol in rats. | cortex moutan (root bark of paeonia suffruticosa andrew) and radix salviae miltiorrhizae (root and rhizome of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge) are two herbs widely used in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. in clinical practice, these two herbs are prescribed together. studies on the pharmacokinetic interaction between the active constituents of these two herbs (paeonol and danshensu, respectively) can provide substantial foundation for understan ... | 2011 | 21986818 |
| tanshinone iia and tanshinone i production by trichoderma atroviride d16, an endophytic fungus in salvia miltiorrhiza. | in this study the isolation of an endophytic fungus from the root of the medicinal herb salvia miltiorrhiza bunge is reported for the first time. the fungus produced tanshinone i and tanshinone iia in rich mycological medium (potato dextrose broth) under shake flask and bench scale fermentation conditions. the fungus was identified as trichoderma atroviride by its morphology and authenticated by its analysis (its1 and its2 regions and the intervening 5.8s rdna region). tanshinone i and tanshinon ... | 2011 | 22035769 |
| Tanshinone IIA induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line in vitro. | Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is an active ingredient extracted from the widely used Danshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies have indicated that Tan IIA may play important roles in anticancer treatment. However, its effects on the most common primary malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma (OS), are unknown. Here, we report that Tan IIA may be an efficacious anti-OS drug as it could induce cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion in ... | 2012 | 22126901 |
| research on scutellarin parenteral solution's protective effects in rats with severe acute pancreatitis and multiple organ injuries. | the aim of this study was to observe scutellarin parenteral solution's therapeutic effects and mechanisms in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (sap). we divided sd rats into four groups randomly: (1) sham-operated group, (2) model control group, (3) scutellarin-treated group, and (4) salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group. all of those rats in the abovementioned groups are randomly subdivided into 6 and 12 h subgroups, respectively, according to the postoperative time. rats have been mercifully kil ... | 2011 | 22105928 |
| the protective effect of salvia miltiorrhiza in an animal model of early experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. | diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease. in this study, the effects of salvia miltiorrhiza (sm) were studied in an experimental rat model of dn that was induced by streptozotocin (stz) treatment. | 2011 | 21856399 |
| preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of tanshinone iia nanoemulsions. | tanshinone iia (ta) is a major active component of danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza bunge), a well-known traditional chinese medicine. in this paper, we describe an optimal method for preparing ta nanoemulsions (ta-nes) to solve the problems of ta's poor solubility in water and insufficient dissolution rate. optimization of the method for preparing nanoemulsions of lipid soluble ta by emulsification/high pressure homogenization was carried out with a 2(3) factorial design, using tween 80, lecithin a ... | 2011 | 21870460 |
| cryptotanshinone induces er stress-mediated apoptosis in hepg2 and mcf7 cells. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) is a central organelle in eukaryotic cells that functions in protein synthesis and maturation, and also functions as a calcium storage organelle. perturbation of er functions leads to er stress, which has been previously associated with a broad variety of diseases. er stress is generally regarded as compensatory, but prolonged er stress can activate apoptotic pathways in damaged cells. for this reason, pharmacological interventions that effectively enhance tumor de ... | 2011 | 22113823 |
| compound astragalus and salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts by mediating transforming growth factor-β / smad pathway. | background the transforming growth factor (tgf)-β/smad pathway plays a key role in keloid development. we have previously demonstrated that compound astragalus and salvia miltiorrhiza extract (case) inhibits liver fibrosis and reduces invasion capacity of hepg2 cells by mediating the tgf-β/smad pathway. we therefore hypothesize that case may also exert antifibrotic effects in keloids by mediating the tgf-β/smad pathway. objectives to investigate the effects of case on cell proliferation, invas ... | 2011 | 21967214 |
| Tanshinone II-A attenuates and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice fed a high cholesterol diet. | Tanshinone II-A (Tan), a bioactive diterpene isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated whether Tan can decrease and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in Apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice maintained on a high cholesterol diet (HCD). Six week-old mice challenged with a HCD were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (a) C57BL/6J; (b) ApoE(-/-); (c) ApoE(-/-)+Tan-30 (30 mg/kg/d); (d) ApoE(-/-)+Tan-10 ( ... | 2011 | 21889487 |
| Characterization of Salvia Miltiorrhiza ethanol extract as an anti-osteoporotic agent. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also indicates that SM has anti-osteoporotic effects. This study was conducted to examine the SM-induced anti-osteoporotic effect and its possible mechanisms with various doses of SM. METHODS: We studied Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 12 weeks, divided into six groups: shamoperated control (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX rats supplemented ... | 2011 | 22118263 |
| tanshinone iia induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. | as a phytochemical derived from the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, tanshinone iia has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. studies in breast, colon, prostate and lung cancer indicate that tanshinone iia may exhibit a promising antitumor activity. however, systemic studies of the cytotoxic effects of tanshinone iia on gastric cancer have not been described. the present study offers a comprehensive eva ... | 2012 | 22038415 |
| antidiabetic effect of the total polyphenolic acids fraction from salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in diabetic rats. | an investigation was made to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the total polyphenolic acids fraction (paf) from salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats model with an oral dose of 187 mg/kg for 28 days. the results showed that paf induced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (fbg), fasting blood insulin (fins), total cholesterol (tc), triglyceride (tg) and blood urea nitrogen (bun), and an obvious increase in insulin sensitivity index (isi) in diabetic rats i ... | 2011 | 22095927 |
| herbal remedies supply a novel prospect for the treatment of atherosclerosis: a review of current mechanism studies. | atherosclerosis (as) is a systemic cardiovascular disease with complicated pathogenesis involving oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. increasing lines of evidence have questioned the statins-dominated treatment for as, including their dangerous side-effects such as the breakdown of muscle when taken in larger doses. a multifaceted approach that addresses all major risk factors or pathological targets may provide an ideal treatment for as. studies of the herbal rem ... | 2011 | 21928391 |
| Investigation of cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A inhibitory properties of Danshen tincture. | Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) as a famous Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the world. Danshen tincture (DT), extracted from Danshen root with a mixture of water and alcohol, is a commonly used preparation method for human consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DT on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A activities by human and rat liver microsomes. Effects of DT were assessed with use ... | 2011 | 22056022 |
| salvianic borneol ester reduces β-amyloid oligomers and prevents cytotoxicity. | the destabilization of β-amyloid (aβ) peptide aggregates and the protection of functional cells are the attractive therapeutic strategies for alzheimer's disease (ad). some active ingredients of salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba c.y.wu & h.w.li (lamiaceae) (sm) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. | 2011 | 21936627 |
| cryptotanshinione inhibits β-amyloid aggregation and protects damage from β-amyloid in sh-sy5y cells. | the deposition of amyloid β-protein (aβ) fibrils into plaques within the brain parenchyma and along cerebral blood vessels is a hallmark of alzheimer's disease (ad). aβ42 oligomers and fibrils cause the breakdown of neural circuits, neuronal death and eventually dementia. drugs that inhibit aβ42 aggregation may be a novel direction in ad drug discovery. cryptotanshinone (cts), an active component of the medicinal herb salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to improve learning and memory in several ... | 2011 | 22102154 |
| danshen-gegen decoction exerts proliferative effect on rat cardiac myoblasts h9c2 via mapk and insulin pathways. | danshen (root of salvia miltiorrhiza) and gegen (roots of pueraria lobata) are traditional chinese medicines that have been used in combination for cardiovascular disease treatment. | 2011 | 21907783 |
| [effects of salvia miltiorrhiza injection on gentamicin-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in guinea pig cochlea]. | to investigate the effects of salvia miltiorrhiza injection (sm) on gentamicin (gm)-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase (nos) isoforms in guinea pig cochlea, and to explore the protective mechanism of sm on gm-induced ototoxicity. | 2011 | 21845886 |
| evaluation of the antioxidant potential of salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protection potential of ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza (smee) against oxidative injury in the ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) model of rats in vivo. rats were divided into six groups of 10 rats each. group i/r model and sham were fed with a standard rat chow, groups smee i and smee ii were fed with a standard rat chow and 400 or 800 mg/kg b.w. ethanol extract for 12 days before the beginning of i/r studies. positive control group was fed with a ... | 2011 | 22138858 |
| protective effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbance in mice. | this study intended to examine the effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (dla), a major ingredient of salvia miltiorrhiza, on lipopolysaccahride (lps) -induced mouse cerebral cortical microcirculatory disturbance. velocity of red blood cells in, and albumin leakage from venules, and the numbers of leukocytes rolling on, and adherent to the venular wall were determined by an up-right microscope after lps (5 mg/kg/h) infusion with or without administration of dla (5 mg/kg/h). expression of adh ... | 2012 | 22240362 |
| [cloning and distribution pattern of hmgr gene conserved fragment in alisma orientale]. | to clone and study the distribution pattern of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) gene conserved fragment in alisma orientale. | 2011 | 22259996 |
| [tissue distribution in mice of danshensu from sodium danshensu and salvia miltiorrhiza injection]. | to determine the concentration in mice of danshensu from sodium danshensu and salvia miltiorrhiza injection and undertake comparative study of them as well as to assess the effect of other components of s. miltiorrhiza injection on the tissue distribution of danshensu. | 2011 | 22779190 |
| [clinical observation of treating 62 patients with severe aplastic anemia failing in immunosuppressive therapy by integrative medicine]. | to explore treatment methods for patients with severe aplastic anemia (saa) failing in immunosuppressive therapy (ist). | 2012 | 23469598 |
| [experimental study on two-way application of traditional chinese medicines capable of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis with neutral property in cold and hot blood stasis syndrome i]. | to study the action characteristics of "two-way application and conditioned dominance" of traditional chinese medicines with neutral property by observing the action characteristic of 10 traditional chinese medicines capable of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis with neutral property in the microcirculation in rats with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. | 2012 | 23397734 |
| salvianic acid a protects l-02 cells against γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis via the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. | salvianic acid a (saa) is the main hydrophilic active ingredient of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, which has long been used to treat liver and heart disease in china. in the present study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of saa against γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in cultured human embryo liver l-02 cells. the results demonstrated that saa markedly inhibited γ-radiation induced apoptosis, decreased dna damage, and increased the intracellular antioxidative ability of the l-02 cells. saa ... | 2012 | 23274418 |
| [optimizing expression of recombinant jasmonate zim-domain protein from salvia miltiorrhiza]. | accumulation of tanshinton in salvia miltiorrhiza are enhanced by exogenous application of jasmonates. the core ja signaling module coi1/jaz/myc2 play a central role on control of downstream gene expression in the ja pathway. to obtained the antibody of smjaz, smjaz recombinant protein was expressed in escherichia coli and optimal expression was performed. | 2012 | 23627165 |
| [effects of calcium on synthesis of rosmarinic acid and related enzymes in suspension cultures of salvia miltiorrhiza]. | we studied the influence of the concentration of ca2+ (0-50 mmol/l) in culture medium on the synthesis of rosmarinic acid (ra) and related enzymes in salvia miltiorrhiza suspension cultures. using verpamil (vp, a calcium channel antagonist) and ionophore a23187, we studied the mechanism of secondary metabolites of salvia miltiorrhiza suspension cultures influenced by the concentration of ca2+ in the culture medium. the synthesis of intracellular ra in 6-day incubation was significantly dependent ... | 2012 | 23457788 |
| [effect of salvia miltiorrhiza on hyperfibrinogen in patients with malignant lymphoma]. | | 2012 | 3255542 |
| synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics against clinic methicillin and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | cryptotanshinone (ct), a major tanshinone of medicinal plant salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against clinic isolated methicillin and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa and vrsa) in this experiment. the ct was determined against clinic isolated mrsa 1-16 with mic and mbc values ranging from 4 to 32 and 8 to 128 μ g/ml; for mssa 1-2 from 16 to 32 μ g/ml and 64 to 128 μ g/ml; for vrsa 1-2 from 2 to 4 μ g/ml and 4 to 16 μ g/ml, respectively. t ... | 2014 | 24782909 |
| alternariol 9-methyl ether from the endophytic fungus alternaria sp. samif01 and its bioactivities. | one bioactive compound, identified as alternariol 9-methyl ether, was isolated from the crude extract of the endophytic fungus alternaria sp. samif01 residing in the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. alternariol 9-methyl ether was active against bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 25 to 75μg/ml and median inhibitory concentration (ic50) values ranging from 16.00 to 38.27μg/ml. the ic50 value of alternariol 9-methyl ether against spore germination of magnaporthe o ... | 2016 | 26887231 |
| transcriptome sequencing in response to salicylic acid in salvia miltiorrhiza. | salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional chinese herbal medicine, whose quality and yield are often affected by diseases and environmental stresses during its growing season. salicylic acid (sa) plays a significant role in plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the involved regulatory factors and their signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. in order to identify the genes involved in sa signaling, the rna sequencing (rna-seq) strategy was employed to evaluate the transcriptional pro ... | 2016 | 26808150 |
| different roles of the mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways in cell growth and tanshinone production of salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. | salvia miltiorrhiza has been widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. tanshinones, a group of diterpenoids are the main active ingredients in s. miltiorrhiza. two biosynthetic pathways were involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in plants: the mevalonate (mva) pathway in the cytosol and the methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway in the plastids. the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the mva pathway. the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosph ... | 2012 | 23209548 |
| metabolic profiles and cdna-aflp analysis of salvia miltiorrhiza and salvia castanea diel f. tomentosa stib. | plants of the genus salvia produce various types of phenolic compounds and tanshinones which are effective for treatment of coronary heart disease. salvia miltiorrhiza and s. castanea diels f. tomentosa stib are two important members of the genus. in this study, metabolic profiles and cdna-aflp analysis of four samples were employed to identify novel genes potentially involved in phenolic compounds and tanshinones biosynthesis, including the red roots from the two species and two tanshinone-free ... | 2012 | 22303439 |
| effects of abscisic acid, gibberellin, ethylene and their interactions on production of phenolic acids in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge hairy roots. | salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional chinese medicinal plants because of its excellent performance in treating coronary heart disease. phenolic acids mainly including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid b are a group of active ingredients in s. miltiorrhiza. abscisic acid (aba), gibberellin (ga) and ethylene are three important phytohormones. in this study, effects of the three phytohormones and their interactions on phenolic production in s. miltiorrhiza h ... | 2013 | 24023778 |
| combining metabolomics and transcriptomics to characterize tanshinone biosynthesis in salvia miltiorrhiza. | plant natural products have been co-opted for millennia by humans for various uses such as flavor, fragrances, and medicines. these compounds often are only produced in relatively low amounts and are difficult to chemically synthesize, limiting access. while elucidation of the underlying biosynthetic processes might help alleviate these issues (e.g., via metabolic engineering), investigation of this is hindered by the low levels of relevant gene expression and expansion of the corresponding enzy ... | 2014 | 24467826 |
| functional divergence of diterpene syntheses in the medicinal plant salvia miltiorrhiza. | the medicinal plant salvia miltiorrhiza produces various tanshinone diterpenoids that have pharmacological activities such as vasorelaxation against ischemia reperfusion injury and antiarrhythmic effects. their biosynthesis is initiated from the general diterpenoid precursor (e,e,e)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate by sequential reactions catalyzed by copalyl diphosphate synthase (cps) and kaurene synthase-like cyclases. here, we report characterization of these enzymatic families from s. miltiorrhiza ... | 2015 | 26077765 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of squalene synthase 2(sqs2) in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. | salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, which is also known as a traditional chinese herbal medicine, is widely studied for its ability to accumulate the diterpene quinone tanshinones. in addition to producing a variety of diterpene quinone, s. miltiorrhiza bunge also accumulates sterol, brassinosteroid and triterpenoids. during their biosynthesis, squalene synthase (sqs, ec 2.5.1.21) converts two molecules of the hydrophilic substrate farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) into a hydrophobic product, squalene. in the p ... | 2016 | 27605932 |
| smmyc2a and smmyc2b played similar but irreplaceable roles in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in salvia miltiorrhiza. | salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, which contains tanshinones and phenolic acids as major classes of bioactive components, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional chinese medicine. production of tanshinones and phenolic acids is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (meja). transcription factor myc2 is the switch of jasmontes signaling in plants. here, we focused on two novel ja-inducible genes in s. miltiorrhiza, designated as smmyc2a and smmyc2b, which were localized in the nucleus. smmyc2a and smm ... | 2016 | 26947390 |
| tanshinone iia attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory autoimmune neurodegenerative disease, which features focal demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration of the brain and the spinal cord. tanshinone iia (tsiia), one of the major fat‑soluble components of salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen), has anti‑inflammatory, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective activity; however, its efficacy in ms remains unknown. the current study was designed to investigate the potential therapeutic function of tsiia on ms in the ... | 2016 | 27357729 |
| targeted mutagenesis in the medicinal plant salvia miltiorrhiza. | crispr/cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that has been extensively used in model plants and crops, such as arabidopsis thaliana, rice, wheat, and soybean. here, we report the use of crispr/cas9 to precisely knock out the committed diterpene synthase gene (smcps1) involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional chinese medicinal herb with significant pharmacological activities, such as vasorelaxation, protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmi ... | 2017 | 28256553 |
| functional analysis of the isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase of salvia miltiorrhiza via color complementation and rna interference. | isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (ipi) catalyzes the isomerization between the common terpene precursor substances isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) during the terpenoid biosynthesis process. in this study, tissue expression analysis revealed that the expression level of the salvia miltiorrhiza ipi1 gene (smipi1) was higher in the leaves than in the roots and stems. furthermore, color complementation and rna interference methods were used to verify the function ... | 2015 | 26569204 |
| [rna interference and its effect of cyp76ah1 in biosynthesis of tanshinone]. | tanshinones, the main bioactive compounds of salvia miltiorrhiza, are the diterpenoid pigments, multiple genes were proved to be involved in their biosynthesis in plants. cyp76ah1 is the initial p450 gene in the tanshinones biosynthetic pathway, its function has been validated by yeast expression and in vitroenzymatic reaction. in order to clarify the function of cyp76ah1 in vivo, in this study, we constructedthe rna interference of cyp7ah1 in s. miltiorrhiza hairy root. the rna interference vec ... | 2015 | 26281576 |
| [optimization of induction and culture conditions for hairy roots of salvia miltiorrhiza]. | to establish induction and liquid culture system for hairy roots of danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza), agrobacterium rhizogenes a4, lba9402, 15834 as test bacterium were used to infect aseptic leaves of danshen. the hairy roots were induced and positive transgenic hairy roots were selected with pcr using rolb and rolc as the target gene. then hairy roots of s. miltiorrhiza were harvested and salvianolic acids were extracted with 70% methanol containing 1% formic acid. the content of salvianolic acid ... | 2014 | 25509285 |
| rna interference-mediated repression of smcps (copalyldiphosphate synthase) expression in hairy roots of salvia miltiorrhiza causes a decrease of tanshinones and sheds light on the functional role of smcps. | tanshinones are a group of bioactive abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone compounds in salvia miltiorrhiza. copalyldiphosphate synthase of s. miltiorrhiza (smcps) is the first key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis from the universal diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate. hairy roots of s. miltiorrhiza were transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying an rna interference (rnai) construct designed to silence smcps, and we examined the resulting smcps expression and tanshinone accumu ... | 2014 | 24078134 |