| of monkeys and men: vervets and the genetics of human-like behaviors. | | 1997 | 9326311 |
| characterization of new simian foamy viruses from african nonhuman primates. | simian foamy viruses (sfv) are exogenous retroviruses present in most if not all nonhuman primate species. baboons and other african monkey species are known to harbor sfvs, yet there is presently no data in regard to their genetic relationship. here we studied sfvs from baboons as compared to other sfvs isolated from a hamlyn's guenon, a patas monkey, and a vervet. by western blot analysis, the gag precursor proteins (p74/p70) were detected from all sfvs. in addition, the envelope glycoproteins ... | 1997 | 9356346 |
| recovery of striatal dopamine function after acute amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the vervet monkey. | in six vervet monkeys, presynaptic striatal dopamine function was assessed longitudinally by [18f]fluoro-l-dopa (fdopa)-positron emission tomography (pet) after administration (2 x 2 mg/kg, i.m., 4 h apart) of either amphetamine (amp), n = 3, or methamphetamine (meamp), n = 3. at 1-2 weeks postdrug, both amp and meamp exposure effected similar decreases (60-70%) in the fdopa influx rate constant (fdopa ki), an index of striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. subsequent studies in these subjects sh ... | 1997 | 9359594 |
| mitochondrial content of choroid plexus epithelium. | the objective of the present study was to examine the apparent work capacity of one of the two separate membrane systems (the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) that isolate the mammalian brain extracellular fluid (and cerebrospinal fluid, csf) from plasma. digitized analyses of electron-microscopic images provided estimates of mitochondrial volumes, which were expressed as a percentage of the cell cytoplasm. we recorded a high mitochondrial content of 12-15% in the cuboidal epithelium of primat ... | 1997 | 9372289 |
| physiology of mptp tremor. | rhesus and vervet monkeys respond differently to treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride neurotoxin (mptp). both species develop akinesia, rigidity, and severe postural instability. however, rhesus monkeys only develop infrequent, short episodes of high-frequency tremor, whereas vervet monkeys have many prolonged episodes of low-frequency tremor. after mptp treatment, the spiking activity of many pallidal neurons became oscillatory and highly correlated. oscilla ... | 1998 | 9827591 |
| the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in stools of clinically diarrhoeic and normal nonhuman primates in kenya. | a total of 114 nonhuman primates comprising 51 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and 63 olive baboons (papio anubis) were examined for cryptosporidium oocysts using the modified kinyoun's acid-fast staining technique. about 51.7% (59/114) of all the specimens examined, representing 78.4% (40/51) of the vervet monkeys and 30.1% (19/63) of the olive baboons were positive. bright red, refractile cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in the stained faecal smears against a blue background. up t ... | 1997 | 9404840 |
| atherosclerosis: aortic lipid changes induced by diets suggest diffuse disease with focal severity in primates that model human atheromas. | atherosclerosis in vervet or african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) models the morphology and cytology of the disease of humans, and it is well established that the rate of atherogenesis in vervets is influenced by diet. aortic intimal concentrations of lipids and phospholipids known to be major components of atheromas were determined in female vervets fed for 4 years on either an atherogenic (ad) or a prudent western diet (pd). lipid concentrations detectable microscopically as choleste ... | 1998 | 9437677 |
| the effect of diet on the vervet monkey endocrine pancreas. | vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) used for pancreatic endocrine cell distribution studies were found to have been maintained on different diets. although the effect of dietary changes on the exocrine pancreas has been described in several animals, little, apart from the effect of malnutrition, has been reported for the endocrine pancreas. reported here are pancreatic endocrine cell distributions in monkeys on a standard diet (n = 3) compared with monkeys on an atherogenic diet (n = 3). qua ... | 1997 | 9438224 |
| experimental simian varicella virus infection of st. kitts vervet monkeys. | experimental simian varicella virus (svv) infection of st. kitts vervet monkeys was evaluated as an animal model to investigate human varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections. during the incubation period, viremia disseminated infectious virus throughout the body via infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls). a vesicular skin rash in the inguinal area, and on the abdomen, extremities, and face appeared on day 7-10 postinfection. necrosis and hemorrhage in lung and liver tissues from acutely in ... | 1998 | 9879858 |
| plasma and red blood cell total phospholipid fatty acid status of nonpregnant female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) on a high carbohydrate maintenance diet. | nonhuman primates are of interest as models of human physiology to study the effect of multiple pregnancies on birth weight. reference plasma and red blood cell (rbc) total phospholipids fatty acids were established in nonpregnant breeding female vervet monkeys. twenty-three clinically healthy nonpregnant vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), contained in a controlled closed environment and consuming a high carbohydrate diet (68 e%) that contained 20 e% fat and 12 e% protein were sampled for ... | 1998 | 9926979 |
| elimination and excretion of a single dose of the mycotoxin fumonisin b2 in a non-human primate. | the mycotoxin fumonisin b2 (fb2), which can be present at significant levels in maize infected with the fungus fusarium moniliforme, was dosed both iv and by gavage to vervet monkeys. it was rapidly eliminated from the plasma of vervet monkeys dosed i.v. with 2 mg fb2/kg body mass. the concentration of fb2 in plasma after the iv dose was characterized by an initial distributional phase and a subsequent elimination phase with a mean half-life of 18 min. when two monkeys were dosed by gavage with ... | 1999 | 10227734 |
| brief communication: new primate remains from the miocene of namibia, southern africa. | miocene primates from southern africa are extremely rare. for this reason we wish to place on record several interesting new fossil primate specimens recently recovered from the miocene sites of berg aukas and harasib in the otavi mountain region of northern namibia. the new finds consist of a virtually complete atlas vertebra from berg aukas attributable to the hominoid otavipithecus namibiensis and two teeth and four postcranial fragments from harasib referrable to cercopithecoidea. the atlas ... | 1996 | 8850187 |
| liquid chromatographic determination of the sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in serum. | the fumonisin mycotoxins, which are worldwide contaminants of corn, inhibit de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis leading to elevation in the ratio of the sphingoid bases, sphinganine and sphingosine, in the serum of animals exposed to fumonisins. a new hplc method for the determination of the ratio of these bases in serum has been developed involving lipid extraction, clean-up on a silica minicolumn and alkaline hydrolysis prior to precolumn o-phthaldialdehyde derivatisation and hplc separation and ... | 1998 | 9686890 |
| serotypic characterization of outer capsid spike protein vp4 of vervet monkey rotavirus sa11 strain. | the vervet monkey rotavirus sa11, a prototype strain of group a rotaviruses, has been shown to possess vp7 serotype 3 specificity but its neutralization specificity with regard to the other outer capsid protein vp4 has not been elucidated. we thus determined its vp4 specificity by two-way cross-neutralization with guinea pig antiserum prepared with a single gene substitution reassortant that had only the vp4-encoding gene from the simian rotavirus sa11 strain and remaining ten genes from human r ... | 1998 | 9687880 |
| a single glucose transporter configuration in normal primate brain endothelium: comparison with resected human brain. | cellular distribution of the glut1 glucose transporter in normal primate brains was analyzed by immunogold electron microscopy. two configurations of endothelial glut1 glucose transporter (high and low density capillaries) have been found in resections of traumatically injured and epileptogenic human brain; the objective of the present study was to ascertain whether these same 2 capillary populations, expressing high and low glucose transporter densities, were the common configuration in normal ... | 1998 | 9690674 |
| pulp reactions to restoration of experimentally induced crown fractures. | reattachment of the avulsed enamel-dentine coronal fragment to the remaining tooth structure has become an accepted clinical alternative to a resin composite build-up for the restoration of crown fractured teeth. since little knowledge exists as to the pulpal response to this procedure, this study was designed to observe the condition of the pulp following experimentally induced crown fracture and restoration in monkeys. | 1998 | 9699430 |
| threat to humans from virus infections of non-human primates. | several hundred distinct non human primate species are recognised, and they are likely to harbour a similar range of viruses to humans. simians such as cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, african green monkeys, and marmosets are widely used for biomedical research, but despite this extensive close contact very few simian viruses have been shown to pose a threat of infection or illness to humans. herpesvirus simiae is the best recognised zoonotic hazard of simians. it is an alphaherpes virus of asiat ... | 1997 | 10398488 |
| diet can manipulate the metabolism of epa and gla in erythrocyte membrane and plasma. | the effect of diet on the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and gammalinolenic acid (gla) was investigated in two groups of african green vervet monkeys fed either a western atherogenic diet (wad; %e fat 43.5%; p:s 0.3; n=10) or a high carbohydrate diet (hcd; %e fat 20.5%; p:s 3.4; n=10). vervets within each dietary treatment were supplemented with 300 mg/day with either an epa concentrate (50% as free fatty acid, n=5) or a gla concentrate (70% as free fatty acid, n=5) for 24 weeks, incr ... | 1998 | 9758205 |
| helminth and protozoan gastrointestinal tract parasites in captive and wild-trapped african non-human primates. | the objective of this study was to investigate the gastro-intestinal (git) parasites commonly occurring in captive and wild-trapped (wt) non-human primates (baboons, vervets and sykes) in kenya and compare their prevalence. three hundred and fifteen faecal samples were subjected to a battery of diagnostic tests, namely, direct smear, modified formal ether sedimentation, kato thick smear, harada-mori techniques for parasite detection and culture to facilitate nematode larvae identification. of th ... | 1998 | 9760061 |
| grooming down the hierarchy: allogrooming in captive brown capuchin monkeys, cebus apella | observations of captive female brown capuchin monkeys in five groups revealed that grooming is primarily the occupation of dominant females at both the individual and dyadic levels. when categorized according to rank class, alpha females were the only class to perform significantly more grooming than they received. these results are inconsistent with reports on vervets, baboons and macaques, and suggest that grooming in capuchin monkeys may have different functions from those reported for cercop ... | 1997 | 9268468 |
| some gastro-intestinal parasites of zoonotic (public health) importance commonly observed in old world non-human primates in kenya. | a study was undertaken to categorise some gastro-intestinal (git) parasites commonly observed in kenyan non-human primates (nhps) on the basis of their health implications for humans. six species of locally available non-human primates, namely olive baboons (papio cyanocephalus anubis), vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), sykes monkey (cercopithecus mitis), black and white colobus (colobus abyssinicus), debrazzas monkey (cercopithecus neglectus) and grey and black mangabeys (cercocebus torqu ... | 1998 | 9776144 |
| first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in kenya, 1992-1993. ii. entomologic investigations. | the first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in kenya occurred from mid-1992 through march 1993 in the south kerio valley, rift valley province. we conducted entomologic studies in february-march 1993 to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. container surveys were conducted around human habitation. transmission was mainly in woodland of varyi ... | 1998 | 9790447 |
| evolutionary inferences of novel simian t lymphotropic virus type 1 from wild-caught chacma (papio ursinus) and olive baboons (papio anubis). | a serological survey of 22 wild-caught south african (transvaal) chacma baboons (papio ursinus) and eight olive baboons (papio anubis) from kenya indicates that 13 p. ursinus and one p. anubis have antibodies reacting with human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (htlv-1) antigens, whereas three p. ursinus had a indeterminate reactivity on western blot analysis. with six primer sets specific to either htlv-1-simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) or htlv-2 and encompassing long terminal ... | 1998 | 9813204 |
| diurnal and seasonal variations in vervet monkeys' activity. | this paper analyzed seasonal and diurnal differences in feeding, locomotion, inactivity, and social grooming of adult and subadult free-ranging vervet monkeys in natal (38 degrees 35's and 31 degrees 46'e). breaking down hourly activity budgets from the perspective of reproductive seasons (birth, premating, and mating seasons) which correspond to environmental conditions in natal, we obtained several results. first, there were diurnal variations for all the behaviours in all seasons studied, exc ... | 1998 | 9819941 |
| development, differentiation, and regeneration potential of the vervet monkey endocrine pancreas. | using immunolabelling techniques, characterization of the vervet monkey pancreas included a study of both its development and its structure and normal functioning in the adult. we found that pp and somatostatin occurred during development before glucagon. insulin and all four pancreatic peptides occurred in one of the primordial buds prior to fusion. these finding call into question the suggested contribution of only pp cells by the ventral bud and non-pp cells by the dorsal bud. co-localization ... | 1998 | 9849973 |
| the effect of dietary protein on the mineral status of vervet monkeys with special reference to the impact of milk solids on calcium excretion. | this study assessed the impact of westernised and traditional african diets on mineral metabolism in general and calcium status in particular in vervet monkeys. twelve adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), with an average weight of 5+/-0.58 kg each, were divided into two groups of six individuals each and fed traditional diets containing largely maize + legumes (17.4%) or westernised diets containing milk solids (17.2%) as the source of high crude protein for 8 weeks. blood was tak ... | 1999 | 10733206 |
| species differences in the expression and distribution of the neuropeptide y y1, y2, y4, and y5 receptors in rodents, guinea pig, and primates brains. | the respective distribution of neuropeptide y y1, y2, y4, and y5 receptor subtypes was investigated in rodents (rat and mouse), guinea pig, and primates (marmoset and vervet monkeys and human) brains, representing three orders of mammals. [125i] [leu31,pro34]pyy (total y1-like; y1, y4, and y5) and [125i]pyy3-36 (total y2-like; y2 and possibly y5) binding sites were discretely but similarly distributed in the rat and mouse brain, each having its unique pattern. in contrast, surprisingly low level ... | 1998 | 9853905 |
| effects of large neutral amino acid concentrations on 6-[f-18]fluoro-l-dopa kinetics. | 6-[f-18]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (fdopa) has been used to measure the central dopaminergic function in many species, including humans and monkeys. for transport across the blood brain barrier (bbb), fdopa competes with plasma large neutral amino acids (lnaa). in this article we evaluate the effects of normal physiological lnaa concentration variation on bbb transport (k1) and the fdopa uptake measurement, ki. we also investigate a method for reducing the dependency of fdopa quantitati ... | 1998 | 9428304 |
| acute tyrosine depletion and alcohol ingestion in healthy women. | recently we reported that, in vervet monkeys, ingestion of an amino acid mixture deficient in the catecholamine precursors, phenylalanine and tyrosine, produced a decrease in alcohol self-administration. we now report the results of a similar study in humans. | 2000 | 10798581 |
| dizocilpine and reduced body temperature do not prevent methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the vervet monkey: [11c]win 35,428 - positron emission tomography studies. | [11c]win 35,428 (win), a cocaine analog that binds to the dopamine transporter (dat), and positron emission tomography (pet) were used to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of dizocilpine (mk-801) on methamphetamine (meamp) induced neurotoxicity in the striatal dopamine system of the vervet monkey. mk-801 (1 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered 30 min prior to a neurotoxic meamp dosage for this species (2 x 2 mg/kg, 4 h apart); control subjects received meamp. mk-801 treated subjects were a ... | 1998 | 9876041 |
| comparing measures of travel distances in primates: methodological considerations and socioecological implications. | travel costs can influence numerous aspects of the lives of primates, including net energy balance (and therefore reproductive success of females) and maximum group size. despite their potential impact, there has been no systematic comparison of different measures of travel distance. we compared three measures of travel distance in 30 min (actual distance of individuals, straight-line distance of individuals, and straight-line distance of groups) and their ratios in a small group and a large gro ... | 1999 | 10333429 |
| complex evolutionary history of primate lentiviral vpr genes. | vpx and vpr are homologous proteins encoded by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. vpr is encoded by each of the five primate lentiviral groups, whereas vpx is restricted to members of the hiv-2 group. a recent report has proposed that the vpx gene was probably acquired from an ancestral member of the sivagm group by nonhomologous recombination. here, we suggest that this transfer event was more likely to have occurred via homologous recombination within the 3' region of another gene, ... | 1998 | 9454696 |
| induction of cell proliferation and differentiation in the pancreas of the adult vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops): preliminary results. | cellophane wrapping of the adult syrian golden hamster pancreas has been found to result in ductular cell proliferation leading to islet regeneration. injection of cytosol from a cellophane-wrapped pancreas into normal or diabetic hamsters evoked a similar response. in view of the therapeutic potential of the active substance in this cytosol, it was decided to investigate whether a similar response could be achieved in a primate. in normal adult vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) pancreas, p ... | 1998 | 9510134 |
| locomotor activity differences between sympatric patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): implications for the evolution of long hindlimb length in homo. | homo erectus is notable for its taller stature and longer lower limbs relative to earlier hominids, but the selective pressures favoring such long limbs are unclear. among anthropoid primates, patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and extant hominids share several extreme characteristics involved with foraging and movement, including the relatively longest lower limb proportions, longest daily travel distances and largest home ranges for their body or group size, occupancy of some of the driest hab ... | 1998 | 9511914 |
| clinical disease associated with simian agent 8 infection in the baboon. | simian agent 8 (sa8) is an alphaherpesvirus that was first reported as a spontaneous natural infection in a captive baboon colony in 1988. it was first isolated from an african vervet monkey in 1958 and was classified as a simian agent. simian agent 8 was later isolated from a baboon rectal swab specimen in 1969 and from an oral lesion in a vervet monkey in 1972. restriction endonuclease analysis was used to identify the virus as sa8. in a 1-year period, 70 baboons housed in two outside 6-acre b ... | 1998 | 9517884 |
| an amino acid mixture deficient in phenylalanine and tyrosine reduces cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine metabolites and alcohol consumption in vervet monkeys. | an amino acid mixture devoid of tryptophan, given orally, was previously shown to reduce cerebrospinal fluid levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in vervet monkeys, as compared to a control mixture containing all essential amino acids. in the present study, we tested the possibility that a similar amino acid mixture containing tryptophan, but devoid of phenylalanine and tyrosine (the amino acid precursors of catecholamine neurotransmitters), would influence dopamine and noradrenal ... | 1998 | 9537676 |
| a histological and quantitative histomorphometric study of apexification of nonvital permanent incisors of vervet monkeys after repeated root filling with a calcium hydroxide paste. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a monthly refilling of the root canals with calcium hydroxide paste with a single packing or replacement of the paste at 3 months on the apexification of nonvital maxillary incisors of vervet monkeys. forty-eight maxillary incisors from 12 monkeys were used following radiographic determination that root development was incomplete. the pulps were extirpated under general anesthesia and the root canals filed and cleaned. the root canals were f ... | 1997 | 9550050 |
| glut1 glucose transporter in the primate choroid plexus endothelium. | the objective of the present study was to define the cellular location of the glut1 glucose transporter in the primate choroid plexus. immunogold electron microscopy indicated that glut1 epitopes were associated primarily with choroid plexus endothelial cells. digitized analyses of electron microscopic images provided quantitative estimates of the relative number of glut1 glucose transporter epitopes on luminal and abluminal endothelial cell membranes within the choroid plexuses. we recorded a h ... | 1998 | 9596411 |
| upregulation of striatal d2 receptors in the mptp-treated vervet monkey is reversed by grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalon: an autoradiographic study. | although neural transplantation holds promise as a treatment for parkinson's disease, parkinsonian primates have generally exhibited inconsistent and incomplete recovery of motor functions following intrastriatal grafting of fetal ventral mesencephalon. one possible contributing factor to this variable response is lack of appropriate integration of donor neurons with host striatal circuitry with the result that there is insufficient dopamine release and postsynaptic dopamine receptor activation. ... | 1998 | 9622593 |
| the maturation of sperm motility in the epididymis and vas deferens of the vervet monkey, cercopithecus aethiops. | among the diverse facets of sperm maturation, changes in motility are conspicuous and hence studies of sperm kinematics might provide good indices for sperm maturation. accordingly, the maturation of sperm motility in the epididymis and vas deferens of the vervet monkey, cercopithecus aethiops, was assessed using a computer-aided sperm motility analysis system. the results revealed clear trends in the development of both sperm motility per se and in the movement characteristics of motile spermat ... | 1999 | 10367241 |
| [18f]fluoro-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine derivatives show stereo, geometrical, and regio specificities as in vivo central dopaminergic probes in monkeys. | stereo (d and l), geometrical (e and z), and regiospecific (2-, 4-, and 6-[18f]fluoro) analogs of beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (fmmt) have been investigated in adult vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, n = 12) in vivo with positron emission tomography (pet). brain transport through the blood-brain barrier and central aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aaad)-mediated decarboxylation rates were established. results show strict structural dependency of the kinetic behavior of radiofl ... | 1999 | 10382838 |
| application of positron emission tomography to determine cerebral glucose utilization in conscious infant monkeys. | cerebral glucose metabolism has been used as a marker of cerebral maturation and neuroplasticity. in studies addressing these issues in young non-human primates, investigators have used positron emission tomography (pet) and [18f]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (fdg) to calculate local cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (1cmrg1c). unfortunately, these values were influenced by anesthesia. in order to avoid this confounding factor, we have established a method that permits reliable measurements in yo ... | 1999 | 10389658 |
| mutations in ccr5-coding sequences are not associated with siv carrier status in african nonhuman primates. | african monkeys can be naturally infected with siv but do not progress to aids. since mutations in the human ccr5 gene have been shown to influence susceptibility to hiv infection and disease progression, we have now investigated whether mutations in ccr5-coding sequences in african nonhuman primates can explain species-specific differences in susceptibility to lentiviral infection. the animals studied comprise chronically infected monkeys corresponding to four natural hosts of siv (cercopithecu ... | 1999 | 10408730 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from sun-tailed monkeys (cercopithecus solatus): evidence for host-dependent evolution of siv within the c. lhoesti superspecies. | recently we reported the characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivlhoest) from a central african l'hoest monkey (cercopithecus lhoesti lhoesti) that revealed a distant relationship to siv isolated from a mandrill (sivmnd). the present report describes a novel siv (sivsun) isolated from a healthy, wild-caught sun-tailed monkey (cercopithecus lhoesti solatus), another member of the l'hoest superspecies. sivsun replicated in a variety of human t-cell lines and in peripheral blood monon ... | 1999 | 10438863 |
| activity of pallidal and striatal tonically active neurons is correlated in mptp-treated monkeys but not in normal monkeys. | the goal of this study is to assess the function of tonically active neurons (tans) of the striatum and their malfunction in the parkinsonian state. we recorded multiple spike trains of striatal tans and pallidal neurons, which are the main target of striatal projections. recordings were performed in two vervet monkeys before and after the induction of tremulous parkinsonism by systemic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (mptp). we then calculated cross-corre ... | 2001 | 11157099 |
| vocal recognition in the spotted hyaena and its possible implications regarding the evolution of intelligence. | spotted hyaenas, crocuta crocuta, are gregarious carnivores whose social lives share much in common with those of cercopithecine primates. we conducted playback experiments to determine whether free-living hyaenas are capable of identifying individual conspecifics on the basis of their long-distance vocalization, the 'whoop'. when prerecorded cub whoops were played to mothers and other breeding females (controls), mothers responded significantly more vigorously to whoops of their own cubs than d ... | 1999 | 10458890 |
| improved techniques for kidney transplantation in the monkey. | improved microsurgical techniques for kidney transplantation in the monkey are described. the left graft kidney is transplanted to the lower part of abdomen with end-to-side anastomoses of renal artery to aorta without a patch of aorta, renal vein to inferior vena cava, and end-to-end anastomosis of donor and recipient ureter with 8-0 nylon sutures in a bilateral nephrectomized recipient monkey. we recently performed 60 kidney transplantations in vervet monkeys. none died of surgery or surgical ... | 1999 | 10586199 |
| long-term methamphetamine-induced decreases of [(11)c]win 35,428 binding in striatum are reduced by gdnf: pet studies in the vervet monkey. | the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) pretreatment on methamphetamine (meth)-induced striatal dopamine system deficits in the vervet monkey were characterized with [(11)c]win 35,428 (win)-positron emission tomography (pet). win, a cocaine analog that binds to the dopamine transporter (dat), was used to provide an index of striatal dopamine terminal integrity. in two subjects, gdnf (200 microg/40 microl) was injected into the caudate and putamen unilaterally vs. saline ... | 2000 | 10657033 |
| mlv-derived retroviral vectors selective for cd4-expressing cells and resistant to neutralization by sera from hiv-infected patients. | retroviral vectors derived from amphotropic murine leukemia viruses (mlv) mediate gene transfer into almost all human cells and are thus not suitable for in vivo applications in gene therapy in which cell-specific gene delivery is required. we and others recently reported the generation of mlv-derived vectors pseudotyped by variants of the envelope glycoproteins (env) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), thus displaying the cd4-dependent tropism of the parental lentivirus (mammano et ... | 2000 | 10662618 |
| 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4- and 2-[18f]fluoromethylphenyl)tropanes: specific probes for in vivo quantification of central dopamine transporter sites. | dopamine reuptake transporter binding kinetics of 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-[18f]fluoromethylphenyl)tropane (p-fwin) and 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(2-[18f]fluoromethylphenyl)tropane (o-fwin) were determined in vervet monkeys using positron emission tomography (pet). ligand localization was rapid and specific to the striatum with kinetic estimates comparable with those of 11c-labeled win 35,428 (cwin). binding was more specific with p-fwin than with cwin or o-fwin. the relatively longer half-lif ... | 1999 | 10708303 |
| patterns of genomic sequence diversity among their simian immunodeficiency viruses suggest that l'hoest monkeys (cercopithecus lhoesti) are a natural lentivirus reservoir. | recently, we described a novel simian immunodeficiency virus (sivlhoest) from a wild-caught l'hoest monkey (cercopithecus lhoesti) from a north american zoo. to investigate whether l'hoest monkeys are the natural host for these viruses, we have screened blood samples from 14 wild animals from the democratic republic of congo. eight (57%) were found to be seropositive for siv. nearly full-length genome sequences were obtained for siv isolates from three of these monkeys and compared to the origin ... | 2000 | 10729165 |
| hand preferences in unimanual and bimanual feeding by wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | lateral preference was examined in spontaneous feeding actions in 2 troops of wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). processing of 4 foods (termites, leaf shoots, sugarcane, and fruit) was studied. actions included unimanual reaching to moving objects, operating from an unstable posture, and coordinated bimanual processing. between 19 and 31 subjects were available, according to the task. in 2 tasks, laterality of 2 independent stages was measured separately, giving 6 measures in all. on ... | 2000 | 10739308 |
| dynamic changes in cerebral glucose metabolism in conscious infant monkeys during the first year of life as measured by positron emission tomography. | recently, advances in spatial resolution have provided the opportunity to utilize positron emission tomography (pet) to examine local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (lcmr(glc)) in large animals noninvasively, thereby allowing repeated lcmr(glc) measurements in the same animal. previous studies have attempted to describe the ontogeny of cerebral glucose metabolism in anesthetized nonhuman primates using [18f]fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) and pet. however, the use of sedation during the tracer up ... | 2000 | 10775767 |
| effect of tacrolimus (fk506) and sirolimus (rapamycin) mono- and combination therapy in prolongation of renal allograft survival in the monkey. | our previous studies confirmed that tacrolimus (fk506) and sirolimus [rapamycin (rapa)], in combination, are not antagonistic but are synergistic in the prolongation of heart and small bowel grafts in the rodent. the aim of this study was to confirm further the synergistic effect of combined fk506 and rapa in the more clinically relevant model, kidney transplantation in monkeys. | 2000 | 10798741 |
| comparative analysis of natural killer cell activity, lymphoproliferation and lymphocyte surface antigen expression in nonhuman primates housed at the cirmf primate center, gabon. | six different species of nonhuman primates housed at the cirmf primate center, cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis), rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), mandrills (mandrillus sphinx), vervets (cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus), chimpanzees (pan troglodyte) and baboons (papio hamadryas), were evaluated for their natural killer cell activity and for the ability of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to proliferate in response to known mitogens (concanavalin a, phytohemagglutinin and staphy ... | 2001 | 11396861 |
| compromised kidney graft rejection response in vervet monkeys after withdrawal of immunosuppressants tacrolimus and sirolimus. | in nonprimates, organ allografts are often not rejected after withdrawal of immunosuppression. in this study, we examined whether such a phenomenon also occurs in primates. | 2000 | 10836361 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrill (mandrillus sphinx) sivmnd experimentally infects human and nonhuman primate cells. | this study set out to characterize the features of experimental infection by simian immunodeficiency virus in mandrill (sivmnd) (mandrillus sphinx), cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis), rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), african green monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus), baboon (papio cynocephalus) and human cells. purified cells were exposed to a primary isolate of sivmnd grown in the infected mandrill peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and viral p27 gag antigen ... | 2001 | 11445446 |
| application of the vettest 8008 system for the biochemical analysis of vervet monkey plasma. | a clinical biochemistry analyser designed specifically for veterinary use was used to analyse plasma samples from 24 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). two millilitres of heparinised blood was collected from each of the 24 monkeys on four occasions at intervals of one week. plasma was separated and analysed for the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, globulins, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (bun) and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ap), lacta ... | 2000 | 10870765 |
| recovery from methamphetamine induced long-term nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits without substantia nigra cell loss. | after administration of methamphetamine (meth) (2x2 mg/kg, 6 h apart) to vervet monkeys, long term but reversible dopaminergic deficits were observed in both in vivo and post-mortem studies. longitudinal studies using positron emission tomography (pet) with the dopamine transporter (dat)-binding ligand, [11c]win 35,428 (win), were used to show decreases in striatal win binding of 80% at 1 week and only 10% at 1.5 years. a post-mortem characterization of other meth subjects at 1 month showed exte ... | 2000 | 10899292 |
| cloning, sequencing, and homology analysis of nonhuman primate fas/fas-ligand and co-stimulatory molecules. | the finding that a single administration of select recombinant human cytokines to nonhuman primates leads to potent cytokine-neutralizing antibody responses in the heterologous host despite >95% homology at the nucleotide and protein level prompted our laboratory to clone, sequence, and prepare recombinant nonhuman primate cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other immunoregulatory molecules. in the present report, we present findings on the gene sequences encoding the nonhuman primate hom ... | 2001 | 11491535 |
| striatal kinetic modeling of fdopa with a cerebellar-derived constraint on the distribution of volume of 30mfd: a pet investigation using non-human primates. | the peripherally born metabolite of fdopa, 3-o-methyl-fdopa (3omfd), crosses the blood-brain barrier, thus complicating positron emission tomography-fdopa (pet-fdopa) data analysis. in previous reports the distribution volume (dv) of 3omfd was constrained to unity. we have recently shown that the forward transport rate-constant of fdopa (k(s1)) and the cerebellum-to-plasma ratio (c(b)/c(p)), a measure for the dv of 3omfd, are functions of plasma large neutral amino acid (lnaa) concentration. giv ... | 2000 | 10908046 |
| dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in the normal state, in mptp-treated monkeys, and in parkinson's disease patients. | the existence of a dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus (stn) has been demonstrated in rats but has remained controversial in primates. the aim of the present study was first to demonstrate the existence of a dopaminergic innervation of the stn in monkeys using tracing methods and then to quantify the loss of dopaminergic fibers in the parkinsonian state in monkeys and humans. following injection of fluoro-gold into the stn of a vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), retrogradely ... | 2000 | 10940946 |
| the detection and monitoring of early pregnancy in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) with the use of ultrasound and correlation with reproductive steroid hormones. | twenty early pregnancies were diagnosed and monitored in vervet monkeys by ultrasonography. non-gravid uteri became increasingly echogenic from cycle days 7 to 26. the first definite sign of pregnancy was a gestational cavity of 2 mm (+/- 0.80) at 33.0 (+/- 1.48) days menstrual age, which was also used to date all subsequent features. earlier signs, such as an endometrial line swelling or endometrial 'pregnancy' ring, as reported for other non-human primate species, could not be reliably and con ... | 2000 | 10950454 |
| regional heterogeneity of dopaminergic deficits in vervet monkey striatum and substantia nigra after methamphetamine exposure. | methamphetamine (meth)-induced neurotoxicity within the striatum and substantia nigra of the vervet monkey was characterized by heterogeneous decreases in immunoreactivity (ir) for dopamine system phenotypic markers. decreases in ir for tyrosine hydroxylase (th), dopamine transporter (dat), and the vesicular monoamine transporter (vmat2) were observed 1 week after meth hci (2x2 mg/kg; 24 h apart). regional changes throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the striatum were characterized by a gradien ... | 2000 | 10958525 |
| tolerance in baboon kidney transplantation with total lymphoid irradiation (tli) and anti-cd3/cd4-idarubicin conjugates. | we previously reported the induction of transplantation tolerance by a modified wide field method of pretransplant total lymphoid irradiation (tli), cumulative dose 800 cgy, given as 80 or 100 cgy fractions twice/week, in approximately one-third of chacma baboons receiving liver or kidney allografts (1-4) and in vervet monkeys receiving baboon kidney xenografts (5). in this study, the effects of the administration of brief courses of anti-cd3 or cd4-idarubicin conjugates on the frequency and pre ... | 2001 | 11579315 |
| phylogenetic analysis of simian t lymphotropic virus type i from kenyan olive baboons (papio anubis), lowland sykes monkeys (cercopithecus mitis), and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus). | | 1999 | 10357474 |
| wide range of viral load in healthy african green monkeys naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | the distribution and levels of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in tissues and plasma were assessed in naturally infected african green monkeys (agm) of the vervet subspecies (chlorocebus pygerythrus) by limiting-dilution coculture, quantitative pcr for viral dna and rna, and in situ hybridization for siv expression in tissues. a wide range of siv rna levels in plasma was observed among these animals (<1,000 to 800,000 copies per ml), and the levels appeared to be stable over long periods of ... | 2000 | 11090174 |
| vervet monkeys vaccinated with killed leishmania major parasites and interleukin-12 develop a type 1 immune response but are not protected against challenge infection. | leishmania major is a protozoan parasite that causes chronic cutaneous lesions that often leave disfiguring scars. infections in mice have demonstrated that leishmanial vaccines that include interleukin-12 (il-12) as an adjuvant are able to induce protective immunity. in this study, we assessed the safety, immunopotency, and adjuvant potential of two doses of il-12 when used with a killed l. major vaccine in vervet monkeys. the induction of cell-mediated immunity following vaccination was determ ... | 2001 | 11119512 |
| distribution volume of 3-o-methyl-6. | the distribution volume (dv) of 6-[f-18]fluoro-l-dopa (fdopa) in the cerebellum recently has been linked using positron emission tomography (pet) to plasma large neutral amino acid (lnaa) concentrations in monkeys. in this article the authors provide additional experimental support for this relation by directly measuring the dv as the steady-state tissue to plasma radioactivity ratio in rats using a labeled lnaa analog 3-o-methyl-6-[f-18]fdopa (omfd), a compound that has no known specific enzyme ... | 2000 | 11129788 |
| retinogeniculate projections following early cerebral hemispherectomy in the vervet monkey. | the effects of early, unilateral cerebral hemispherectomy on retinogeniculate projections were studied in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabeus). hemispherectomy eliminates all geniculocortical pathways and thus removes cortical factors involved in the survival of retinogeniculate projections. complete removal of the left cerebral cortex was performed in two monkeys at 6 months and 8 months of age. after a post-surgical survival period of 50 months (shg3) and 45 months (shg4), both an ... | 2000 | 11146816 |
| viral gene expression during acute simian varicella virus infection. | simian varicella virus (svv) causes a natural varicella-like disease in nonhuman primates. outbreaks of simian varicella occur sporadically in primate facilities. simian varicella is used as a model for investigation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) pathogenesis and latency. in this study, svv gene expression and histopathology were analysed in tissues of acutely infected vervet monkeys. rt-pcr analysis demonstrated expression of specific svv immediate early, early and late genes in the skin, lun ... | 2002 | 11907334 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in naturally infected african green monkeys without inducing immunologic or neurologic disease. | african green monkeys can maintain long-term persistent infection with simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivagm) without developing aids and thus provide an important model for understanding mechanisms of natural host resistance to disease. this study assessed the levels and anatomic distribution of sivagm in healthy, naturally infected monkeys. quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase pcr assays developed to measure sivagm from two african green monkey subspecies demonstrated high levels o ... | 2001 | 11160730 |
| formal method for objective assessment of primate color. | to investigate primate color objectively, it is critical to employ tools that yield reliable measures of color samples. primatologists have traditionally depended on color assessment methods that lack accuracy, precision, and replicability. in this work, we introduce the "red, green, and blue" (rgb) method, a technique combining digital video cameras and adobe photoshop, as a means to assess and graphically represent primate color objectively. here, we demonstrate the reliability and validity of ... | 2001 | 11170169 |
| social impulsivity inversely associated with csf 5-hiaa and fluoxetine exposure in vervet monkeys. | animal and human research suggests that the central serotonin system is involved in the inhibition of impulsive behavior. two studies were designed to assess this relationship in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using a standardized test of impulsivity in a social context: the intruder challenge. in the first study, an index of impulsivity in response to an unfamiliar adult male intruder (including latency to approach and aggressive and assertive interactions) was inversely c ... | 2001 | 11182532 |
| the effect of repeated gavage doses of fumonisin b1 on the sphinganine and sphingosine levels in vervet monkeys. | fumonisins occur widely around the world in maize products intended for human and animal consumption posing a health hazard. direct measurement of fumonisins in physiological fluids as a biomarker of exposure is not practicable, however fumonisins disrupt sphingoid metabolism by inhibition of sphinganine n-acyltransferase. in this study the disruption in sphinganine (sa) and sphingosine (so) levels in plasma and urine was measured in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) dosed with repeated ga ... | 2001 | 11223085 |
| effect of palm oil on plasma lipoprotein concentrations and plasma low-density lipoprotein composition in non-human primates. | palm oil (po) contains approximately 43% of palmitic acid. it is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the diet and it is generally considered the primary cholesterol (c)-raising fatty acid. however, the effect of palmitic acid on plasma cholesterol appears to depend on the cholesterol content of the diet. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of po with either a high-fat, high-c or moderate-fat, moderate-c diet on lipoprotein c and low-density lipoprotein (ldl) composition. fift ... | 2000 | 11271853 |
| effect of dietary plant and animal protein intake on sperm quality in monkeys. | this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of animal and plant protein diets on sperm quality indices over 120 days, using the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), as a model. these experiments were divided into a 60-day period of high-protein consumption (+/-17% crude protein), followed by a 60-day term of sustainable protein intake (+/-9% crude protein). all the diets were designed to be similar, except for the source of dietary protein that the animals consumed. high-protein diets ... | 2001 | 11297069 |
| the effect of a single gavage dose of fumonisin b(2) on the sphinganine and sphingosine concentrations in vervet monkeys. | the disruption in sphinganine (sa) and sphingosine (so) concentrations in plasma and urine of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) was measured following a single gavage dose of either 1 (low dose) or 10 mg (high dose) fumonisin b(2) (fb(2))/kg body weight. blood and urine were collected over a 51-day period. in the low-dose monkeys, none of the parameters measured increased significantly above the control values. in the high-dose monkeys the plasma sa/so ratios were significantly increased ( ... | 2001 | 11313111 |
| individual differences in response to a stranger: social impulsivity as a dimension of temperament in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). | social impulsivity in response to a stranger was assessed in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using the intruder challenge test. vervets (n = 128, ages 3-18 years) were presented with an unfamiliar adult male at the periphery of the home enclosure. an index of impulsivity reflecting variation in the tendency to rapidly approach, engage, and challenge the intruder was derived from factor analysis of behavioral responses. scale reliability (alpha = .84) and test-retest consiste ... | 2001 | 11334215 |
| toxicity of culture material of fusarium verticillioides strain mrc 826 to nonhuman primates. | we conducted a chronic feeding study in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) over 13.5 years. the experimental design consisted of two dietary treatment groups, each including males and females, fed varying levels of culture material of fusarium verticillioides (sacc.) nirenberg (= f. moniliforme sheldon) strain mrc 826 mixed into their daily food ration. two females were included as treatment controls. we conducted blood chemical analyses bimonthly and recorded all clinical signs during the ... | 2001 | 11359695 |
| the impact of dietary protein intake on serum biochemical and haematological profiles in vervet monkeys. | this study evaluated the influence of westernised and traditional african diets on biochemical and haematological profiles in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). twelve adult male vervet monkeys bred at the medical research council, all over 4 years of age and weighing more than 5 kg each, were divided into two groups of six individuals. these monkeys were raised on a standard in-house diet post-weaning, before they were fed for 8 weeks on diets containing milk solids (17.2%) or maize + leg ... | 2001 | 11396865 |
| synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses. | we developed a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and specific strategy for the detection and lineage differentiation of primate lentiviruses (piv-elisa). it is based on the use of two indirect elisa methods using synthetic peptides mapping the gp41/36 region (detection component) and the v3 region (differentiation component) of four lentivirus lineages, namely sivcpz/hiv-1 (groups m, o, n, and sivcpz-gab), sivmnd, sivagm, and sivsm/sivmac/hiv-2. this strategy was evaluated with pa ... | 2001 | 11461679 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infections in vervet monkeys (clorocebus aethiops) at an australian zoo. | a number of monkey species, including african green monkeys and african vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops), are frequently infected in the wild and in captivity with a simian immunodeficiency virus strain, sivagm, a primate lentivirus. up to 50% of african green monkeys are estimated to be infected with sivagm. siv strains are very closely related to hiv-2 strains, which are a cause of aids in humans, predominantly in western africa, although cases in australia have also been reported. it is ... | 2001 | 11491218 |
| endometrial function in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): morphology, beta3 integrin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 expression during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in the normal and disrupted endometrium. | the expression of endometrial beta3 integrin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (igfbp-1) was studied in cycling and pregnant vervet monkeys. there were clear changes of beta3 integrin expression during the menstrual cycle, with the strongest immunostaining observed on day 26. moderate to strong expression was observed during pregnancy. the expression of igfbp-1 during the menstrual cycle was weak but upregulated during pregnancy with moderate to strong staining. the administration ... | 2002 | 12519211 |
| frequent substitution polymorphisms in african green monkey ccr5 cluster at critical sites for infections by simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm, implying ancient virus-host coevolution. | in contrast to humans, several primate species are believed to have harbored simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) since ancient times. in particular, the geographically dispersed species of african green monkeys (agms) are all infected with highly diversified sivagm viruses at high prevalences (greater than 50% of sexually mature individuals) without evident diseases, implying that the progenitor monkeys were infected prior to their dispersal. if this is correct, agms would be expected to have ... | 2001 | 11507190 |
| probable genetic origin for a large number of cataracts among captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | during a period of 6 years, uni- or bilateral cataracts occurred in 55 captive-bred vervet monkeys, representing 27.6% of all offspring produced in that time. fifty-eight percent of all cases were detectable only by ophthalmoscopy. a total of 30% of cases were offspring of wild-caught parents, 40% from first-generation captive-bred parents, 4% from second-generation captive-bred parents, and 26% from parents of which one was wild caught. cataracts that could be observed macroscopically appeared ... | 2001 | 11536315 |
| toxicokinetics of ochratoxin a in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | the toxicokinetics of ochratoxin a were investigated in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). three female monkeys were treated intravenously with ochratoxin a at doses, respectively, of 0.8, 1.5 and 2 mg/ kg body weight (bw). blood and urine samples were collected over a period of 21 days. plasma and urine extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with either fluorescence or negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. the clearance of ochr ... | 2001 | 11548118 |
| assessing chronic exposure to fumonisin mycotoxins: the use of hair as a suitable noninvasive matrix. | this study describes for the first time the accumulation of measurable levels of fumonisin mycotoxins in the hair of nonhuman primates (vervet monkeys, cercopithecus aethiops) and rats exposed to contaminated feed. hair was subjected to reflux with methanol, and the resulting extract was cleaned up on strong anion exchange (sax) and c18 solid-phase sorbents. fumonisins fb1, fb2, and fb3 as well as their hydrolysis products commonly known as aminopolyols, ap1 and ap2, were detected in monkey hair ... | 2001 | 11550819 |
| the effect of a single gavage dose of fumonisin b(1) on the sphinganine and sphingosine levels in vervet monkeys. | this is the first report of sphinganine (sa) and sphingosine (so) levels determined in serum and urine of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) dosed with pure fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)). initially, experimental vervet monkeys were given a single gavage dose of either 1 or 10 mg fb(1) /kg body weight. blood and urine were sampled daily and on day seven the monkeys were terminated and the kidneys and livers harvested. in a subsequent experiment, other vervet monkeys were similarly dosed and blood a ... | 2001 | 10978745 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in the visual structures of brain using high-density cdna grids. | the hybridization patterns of 18,371 high-density-grid-arrayed non-redundant complementary dna (cdna) clones were examined using three different sources of cdna probes. the first set of probes was synthesized from mrna isolated from visual brain areas mt and v4 of vervet monkey. the second set of probes was derived from cdna libraries constructed from two micro dissected sets of layers of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus layers within the visual pathway, namely the magnocellular and parvoce ... | 2000 | 11042354 |
| firing patterns and correlations of spontaneous discharge of pallidal neurons in the normal and the tremulous 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine vervet model of parkinsonism. | to investigate the role of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian tremor, we recorded hand tremor and simultaneous activity of several neurons in the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (gpe and gpi) in two vervet monkeys, before and after systemic treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) and development of parkinsonism with tremor of 5 and 11 hz. in healthy monkeys, only 11% (20/174) of the gpe cells and 3% (1/29) of the gpi cells displayed significant 3-1 ... | 2000 | 11069964 |
| the circulation in the tail of a monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus). | | 1953 | 13118561 |
| radiosurgery performed with the aid of a 3-mm collimator in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra of the vervet monkey. | radiosurgery for functional neurosurgery performed using a linear accelerator (linac) has not been extensively characterized in preclinical studies. in the present study, the properties of a newly designed 3-mm-diameter collimator were evaluated in a dedicated linac, which produced lesions in the basal ganglia of vervet monkeys. lesion formation was determined in vivo in three animals by examining magnetic resonance (mr) images to show the dose-delivery precision of targeting and the geometry an ... | 2001 | 11765845 |
| septicaemia in vervet monkeys caused by streptococcus pyogenes. | | 1960 | 13828613 |
| a survey for cyclospora spp. in kenyan primates, with some notes on its biology. | from march 1999 through august 2000, 511 stool samples collected from 11 different primate species in 10 geographically distinct locations in kenya, east africa, were screened for the presence of cyclospora spp. oocysts. positive samples (43/102, 42%) were identified in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in 4 of 4 locations; 19/206 (9%) in yellow and olive baboons (papio cynocephalus, p. anubis, respectively) in 5 of 5 locations; and 19/76 (25%) in black and white colobus monkeys (colobus a ... | 2001 | 11780827 |
| impairments of reversal learning and response perseveration after repeated, intermittent cocaine administrations to monkeys. | the current experiments examined the effects of acute or repeated, intermittent administrations of cocaine on the acquisition and reversal of object discriminations by vervet monkeys in order to test the hypothesis that cocaine treatment affects performance of tasks that depend upon the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. an acute dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg; 20 min prior to testing) impaired reversal of a previously learned object discrimination but had no effect on acquisition of ... | 2002 | 11790514 |
| effectiveness of human microsatellite loci for assessing paternity in a captive colony of vervets (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). | microsatellite polymorphisms are playing an increasingly vital role in primatological research, and are particularly useful for paternity exclusion in both wild and captive populations. although vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) are commonly studied in both settings, few previous studies have utilized microsatellite markers for assessing genetic variation in this species. in a pilot project to assess paternity in the ucla-va vervet monkey research colony (vmrc), we screened 55 commercially a ... | 2002 | 11948640 |
| simultaneous measurement of changing intraocular pressure and outflow facility in the vervet monkey by constant pressure infusion. | | 1964 | 14166270 |
| treatment of late stage sleeping sickness caused by t.b. gambiense: a new approach to the use of an old drug. | melarsoprol is the standard treatment of late stage trypanosomiasis. the development of treatment schedules was previously purely empirical. generally melarsoprol is given in 3 series of three to four consecutive injections, given every 24 hours, with an interval of about one week between the series. based on pharmacokinetic analysis, computer simulations and extensive literature research covering all schedules previously used and tested, a new schedule, consisting of ten daily consecutive doses ... | 2002 | 11971197 |
| paleosols and paleoenvironments of the middle miocene, maboko formation, kenya. | the middle miocene (15 ma) maboko formation of maboko island and majiwa bluffs, southwestern kenya, has yielded abundant fossils of the earliest known cercopithecoid monkey (victoriapithecus macinnesi), and of a kenyapithecine hominoid (kenyapithecus africanus), as well as rare proconsuline (simiolus leakeyorum, cf. limnopithecus evansi) and oreopithecine apes (mabokopithecus clarki, m. pickfordi), and galagids (komba winamensis). specific habitat preferences can be interpreted from large collec ... | 2002 | 12069506 |