| [in vitro antibacterial activity of a new parenteral penem, sulopenem]. | eighty percent minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic80) of sulopenem against clinically isolated 12 to 80 strains of each of different bacteria were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa): 0.20 micrograms/ml, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa): 50 micrograms/ml, coagulase-negative staphylococci: 3.13 micrograms/ml, streptococcus pyogenes: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, streptococcus pneumoniae: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, beta-streptococci: 0.05 microgram/ml, enterococc ... | 1996 | 8786624 |
| [antibacterial activity of sulopenem, a new parenteral penem antibiotic]. | sulopenem, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with other antibiotics with regard to in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activities, stabilization against beta-lactamases, and effect on the release of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. the results are summarized as follows. 1. sulopenem showed more potent activities than other antibiotics against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. sulopenem showed potent bactericidal activities (mic/ ... | 1996 | 8786625 |
| role of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics in the emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients. | a retrospective case-control study of 12 patients positive for stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 24 age-sex-matched controls revealed that in the year prior to initial isolation, colonised patients spent more days in hospital and received more days of oral ciprofloxacin, intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and nebulised aminoglycosides. they were also more likely to have grown pseudomonas aeruginosa at some time in the past, despite there being no difference in current chronic infection wit ... | 1996 | 8793400 |
| adhesion of the positively charged bacterium stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia 70401 to glass and teflon. | medical implants are often colonized by bacteria which may cause severe infections. the initial step in the colonization, the adhesion of bacteria to the artificial solid surface, is governed mainly by long-range van der waals and electrostatic interactions between the solid surface and the bacterial cell. while van der waals forces are generally attractive, the usually negative charge of bacteria and solid surfaces leads to electrostatic repulsion. we report here on the adhesion of a clinical i ... | 1996 | 8808938 |
| [hospital pneumonia due to xanthomonas maltophilia and aids]. | | 1996 | 8696654 |
| survey of antimicrobial activity of four commonly used third generation cephalosporins tested against recent bacterial isolates from ten american medical centers, and assessment of disk diffusion test performance. ast surveillance group. | over 2,000 clinical isolates from ten american medical centers were tested for susceptibility to cefotaxine, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and ceftazidime by both broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. typically resistant (e.g. enterococci) and highly susceptible (e.g. streptococci) isolates showed no change in susceptibility patterns compared to previous surveys. pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibited significant decreases in susceptibility to these cephalosporin ... | 1996 | 8831036 |
| microbial contamination of contact lens cases among medical students. | we performed a systematic examination of the rate and level of contamination of contact lens cases in a population of asymptomatic contact lens wearers using commercially prepared chemical disinfection solutions. | 1996 | 8835064 |
| structure of the o3 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | the o antigen isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a strain of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o3 was found to contain 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, d-fucose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. by means of chemical degradations and nmr spectroscopy the repeating unit of the o-specific polymer was determined to be a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown. | 1996 | 8721742 |
| susceptibilities of non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem. | agar dilution mics of 10 agents against 410 non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. mics at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; d-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 ... | 1996 | 8851609 |
| bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes. | we identified 91 cases of bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in a prospective, multicenter observational study. the patients were highly compromised; the majority had an underlying malignancy, had received immunosuppressive therapy, and had indwelling venous catheters. although 94% of patients received an antimicrobial agent to which the blood isolate was susceptible, the mortality among these patients 14 days after the onset of bacteremia was 21%. mortality was signifi ... | 1996 | 8852971 |
| mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. | infectious complications are major contributing factors to morbidity and mortality in the icu setting. organisms frequently encountered in the icu include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae (particularly in trauma victims), enterococci, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., acinetobacter baumanii, escherichia coli, and stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. antibiotics have played a major role in the treatment of infections caused by such bacterial pat ... | 1996 | 8856749 |
| clinical features of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. | between january 1988 and december 1992, 68 patients admitted to our department of internal medicine with haematological malignancies or solid tumours showed colonization of the respiratory tract with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. to characterize the significance of respiratory tract colonization by s. maltophilia, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 68 patients colonized with this organism. twenty-nine of these 68 patients developed pneumonia, with s. maltophilia being implica ... | 1996 | 8857324 |
| a new selective differential medium for isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a new selective differential medium for the isolation of stenotrophomonas (formerly xanthomonas) maltophilia was developed. the medium, via agar, contained vancomycin, imipenem, and amphotericin b as selective agents and incorporated a mannitol/bromothymol blue indicator system. compared with xanthomonas maltophilia selective medium (xmsm), via agar was less inhibitory to stenotrophomonas maltophilia and was more selective than xmsm in preventing the growth of unwanted bacteria from contaminated ... | 1996 | 8874082 |
| bacteremia due to glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in patients with hematological neoplasias and solid tumors. | twenty-six patients with hematological or solid tumors who developed bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 10), pseudomonas putida (n = 6), sphingomonas paucimobilis complex (n = 4) or alcaligenes xylosoxidans (n = 6) in the period between 1993 and 1995 were studied. seventeen patients were neutropenic during the infection, and 13 were undergoing bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. twenty-three patients had catheter-related infections; only 3 of the 26 pat ... | 1996 | 8874083 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia in cancer patients: report on 31 cases. | | 1996 | 8880554 |
| the effect of concurrent pseudomonas or xanthomonas exposure on adherence of acanthamoeba castellanii to soft contact lenses. | approximately 85% of acanthamoeba-contaminated contact lens systems in asymptomatic patients have concurrent bacterial contamination. pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia are common contact lens contaminants; we investigated the effect of coincubation of acanthamoeba adherence to contact lenses. | 1996 | 8740252 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia keratitis associated with contact lenses. | | 1996 | 8828930 |
| septic prepatellar bursitis caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. | | 1996 | 8838214 |
| use of random amplified polymorphic dna for epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | we used the technique of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) to type 130 isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia, using four arbitrary short primers. of the 130 isolates, 51 were from the hospital environment, 48 from clinical specimens and 31 were geographically diverse environmental isolates. dna amplification with the four sets of primers generated 112 rapd patterns that differed by two or more bands in one of the four primers. sixteen pairs of isolates were of the s ... | 1996 | 8904371 |
| home-use nebulizers: a potential primary source of burkholderia cepacia and other colistin-resistant, gram-negative bacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis. | inhalation of aerosols contaminated with gram-negative bacteria generated from home-use nebulizers used by cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may be a primary route for bacterial colonization of the lung. burkholderia cepacia was isolated from 3 of [corrected] 35 home-use nebulizers, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from 4 of 35 home-use nebulizers. sputum cultures for two patients whose nebulizers were contaminated with b. cepacia did not yield the organism. however, dna macrorestrictio ... | 1996 | 8904419 |
| inhibition of growth of fungi pathogenic to man by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | ten strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested by a cross-streaking method for in-vitro inhibition of 10 strains of fungi known to infect man; these were candida krusei, c. keyfr, c. guillermondii, c. tropicalis, c. lusitaniae, c. parapsilosis, c. pseudotropicalis, c. albicans, c. glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus. significant inhibition of fungal growth was observed with all 10 strains of s. maltophilia, but not with escherichia coli nctc 10418, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571 and hae ... | 1996 | 8918956 |
| investigation of a multiyear multiple critical care unit outbreak due to relatively drug-sensitive acinetobacter baumannii: risk factors and attributable mortality. | from 1990 to 1993, an outbreak of respiratory acinetobacter baumannii infection occurred in five intensive care units (icus) of a tertiary care center. a. baumannii was subsequently isolated from disinfected temperature probes and ventilator circuits. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that a single strain accounted for 93% of patient isolates and 88% of environmental isolates. univariate risk factors for a. baumannii acquisition were tracheostomy (p < .01), ventilation >3 days (p < .01) ... | 1996 | 8940219 |
| endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: case report and review. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is a rare cause of endocarditis. the extensive resistance of this organism to several antibiotics leaves few options for antimicrobial therapy. in vitro synergism of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (tic/ca) has been demonstrated. to our knowledge, we report the first case of ventriculoatrial cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated endocarditis due to s. maltophilia. the patient was cured with combi ... | 1996 | 8953069 |
| microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectants. | there have been a number of reports on microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectants. at present, however, the necessity of measures to prevent contamination do not seem to be fully appreciated. we investigated microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectants that are used in our hospital. | 1996 | 8902114 |
| bacteremia and fungemia occurring during antimicrobial prophylaxis with ofloxacin in cancer patients: risk factors, etiology and outcome. | the authors analyzed 27 breakthrough bacteremias occurring during ofloxacin prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenia over 7 years in 9989 admissions and 979 bacteremic and fungemic episodes in a national cancer center in bratislava, slovak republic. the most frequently isolated organisms in breakthrough bacteremias were gram-positive (71.3%), mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (41.3%), enterococci (9.2%) and corynebacteria (9.2%), followed by gram-negative rods-pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2%) and ... | 1996 | 8957720 |
| structure of the o20 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | the o-antigen polymer recovered from the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o20, by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, was found to contain d-rhamnose and d-mannose. by means of chemical degradations and nmr studies, the repeating-unit of the polymer was deduced to be a linear tetrasaccharide with the structure shown. -->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rh ap-(1-->2)-alpha-d- rhap-(1-->. | 1996 | 8962488 |
| use of sterile compared with tap water in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. | because of the concern for infection risk, use of sterile water has been recommended in the water bottle for endoscopic equipment, although studies evaluating prevalence of contamination of the water bottle with clinical outcomes have not been performed. | 1996 | 8902118 |
| inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlic. | ajoene, a garlic-derived sulfur-containing compound that prevents platelet aggregation, exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. growth of gram-positive bacteria, such as bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium smegmatis, and streptomyces griseus, was inhibited at 5 micrograms of ajoene per ml. staphylococcus aureus and lactobacillus plantarum also were inhibited below 20 micrograms of ajoene per ml. for gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, a ... | 1996 | 8900018 |
| inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamases by a series of mercaptoacetic acid thiol ester derivatives. | a series of mercaptoacetic acid thiol esters have been identified as metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors. electrospray mass spectrometry (esms) has shown that irreversible inhibition of the bacillus cereus ii metallo-beta-lactamase by sb214751, sb214752, and sb213079 was concomitant with a 90-da increase in mass of the enzyme. tryptic digestion of the b. cereus ii inhibited with sb214751 illustrated that the peptide fragment, containing the only cysteine of the enzyme, had undergone a mass increme ... | 1997 | 8980769 |
| maltophilin: a new antifungal compound produced by stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089. | strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089, isolated from the rhizosphere of rape plants (brassica napus l.), produced a novel antifungal compound, named maltophilin, which inhibited the growth of various saprophytic, human-pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi but was inactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. maltophilin is a novel macrocyclic lactam antibiotic with a molecular mass of 510 mu. the compound was isolated from the culture filtrate by ethyl acetate extraction and ... | 1996 | 8982338 |
| stenotrophomonas africana sp. nov., an opportunistic human pathogen in africa. | a gram-negative bacterium was isolated from a cerebrospinal fluid sample from an hiv-seropositive rwandan refugee with primary meningoencephalitis. this marseille-goma sample b isolate, strain mgbt (t = type strain), was found to exhibit evolutionary homology with stenotrophomonas maltophilia, as determined by a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, and this finding was reflected by similar phenotypic traits. mgbt could, however, be distinguished from the s. maltophilia type strain by using a number ... | 1997 | 8995819 |
| molecular epidemiology of burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a cystic fibrosis center. | burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans have been isolated with increasing frequency from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis in a pediatric hospital. in 1994-95, 27 of 120 patients were persistently colonized, 17 with burkholderia cepacia, eight with alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and five with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. genotyping of 220 clinical isolates revealed that most of the burkholderia cepacia strains were clonally related, suggesting eith ... | 1996 | 8997562 |
| activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus polymyxin b against multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the inhibitory activity of eight antibiotics and the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of combinations of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) plus three fixed concentrations of polymyxin b (0.01 microgram/ml, 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml) against 30 multi-resistant strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested. polymyxin b at 0.01 microgram/ml modified the inhibitory activity of tmp/smx against only 40% of strains. at 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml, polymyxin b enh ... | 1996 | 8997563 |
| aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas spp. from two danish hospitals: correlation with type of aminoglycoside used. | sixty-two aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria were isolated over a 3-year period from two hospitals (bispebjerg and esbjerg) among a total of almost 270,000 isolates. these hospitals were selected because of their different aminoglycoside policies during the years investigated. at bispebjerg hospital the principal aminoglycoside used was tobramycin, while gentamicin was the first choice at esbjerg hospital. escherichia coli was the most frequently found aminoglycoside-resista ... | 1996 | 8980628 |
| dipeptidyl peptidase iv from xanthomonas maltophilia: sequencing and expression of the enzyme gene and characterization of the expressed enzyme. | the dipeptidyl peptidase iv [ec 3.4.14.5] gene of xanthomonas maltophilia, expressed in escherichia coli, was cloned by the shotgun method. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 2,223 bp, coding for a protein of 741 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 82,080. the expressed enzyme was extracted with sds, and the solubilized enzyme was purified about 1,030-fold on columns of toyopearl hw65c, deae-toyopearl twice, and hydroxyapatite, with an activity recovery o ... | 1996 | 9010758 |
| in vitro activity and spectrum of ly333328, a novel glycopeptide derivative. | reference methods were used to determine the potency of ly333328, a semisynthetic glycopeptide derivative with a key n-alkylation substitution, against 833 strains (393 gram-positive strains and representative gram-negative bacilli) with various defined resistance mechanisms. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (in micrograms per milliliter) of ly333328 and the percentages of strains at < or = 8 micrograms/ml were as follows: for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aure ... | 1997 | 9021216 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | occurrence of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia and burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia in sputum of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients was demonstrated with a simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. the pcr was performed with a set of three primer pairs based on 16s rrna sequences after sputum preparation with dithiothreitol and naoh lysis. all three pathogens could be individually detected by the use of this technique. to prevent carry-over contam ... | 1996 | 9025076 |
| [determination of serum aminoglycoside and vancomycin concentrations by the microbiological method in the presence of other antimicrobials]. | the determination of serum concentrations of antimicrobials with a narrow therapeutic range by microbiological method requires some modifications when the patient is under combined antimicrobial therapy. the methodological conditions for the appraisal of aminoglycosides and vancomycin in the presence of other drugs were evaluated by using strains with selective sensitivity to the antimicrobial to be tested or by the adding crude extracts of beta-lactamases for the inactivation of the beta-lactam ... | 1996 | 9026822 |
| identification of burkholderia cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis and use of a simple new selective medium. | we evaluated 819 isolates referred to us as "burkholderia cepacia" from cystic fibrosis (cf) clinics and research laboratories from five countries; 28 (3.4%) were not b. cepacia. a further 12 (1.5%) organisms appeared to be other burkholderia species, but identification could not be confirmed by conventional means. the most prevalently misidentified organisms were stenotrophomonas maltophilia, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and comamonas acidovorans. many of these organisms grew on oxidation-fermenta ... | 1997 | 9041399 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli o157. | identification of the o157 antigen is an essential part of the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, which is recognized as a major etiologic agent of hemorrhagic colitis. however, polyclonal antibodies produced against e. coli o157:h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps) may react with several other bacteria including brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, yersinia enterocolitica o9, escherichia hermannii, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. we produced eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the lp ... | 1997 | 9041412 |
| effect of temperature on aminoglycoside binding sites in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | in this study we used strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia grown at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c to investigate the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in temperature-dependent variations in sensitivity (tdvs) to gentamicin. tdvs was scored as 'good' if a four-fold or greater difference in minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was found between the two incubation temperatures (good tdvs strains; n = 23), and otherwise as 'poor' (poor tdvs strains; n = 15). phosphate content of isolated lps in ... | 1997 | 9044023 |
| the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem. | the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem, was studied in comparison with other beta-lactam antimicrobials against 711 recent clinical isolates including gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. mic data showed that faropenem was active against most members of the enterobacteriaceae (mics < or = 4 mg/l), with reduced activity against serratia spp. (mic90 = 32 mg/l). in common with its comparators, faropenem had weak activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotropho ... | 1997 | 9044026 |
| in-vitro pharmacodynamic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. | six isolates each of enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp., serratia spp., acinetobacter spp. and enterobacter spp. (total 60 strains) were studied against the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam plus gentamicin or ciprofloxacin at physiological concentrations by the microtitre chequerboard method incorporating simultaneous time-kill curves. tazobactam was fixed at ... | 1997 | 9044028 |
| biodegradation of n-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid by microorganisms from industrial activated sludge. | a microbial population that biodegraded n-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid (pia), a key component of glyphosate (n-phosphonomethylglycine) process waste, was established. the stoichiometric conversion of pia to aminomethylphosphonic acid (ampa) was observed in a laboratory sequencing batch reactor (sbr) containing activated sludge from a glyphosate-manufacturing facility and pia as sole source of carbon. pia degradation was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by r ... | 1997 | 9057299 |
| effect of bacteria on survival and growth of acanthamoeba castellanii. | the growth and survival of acanthamoeba castellanii in the presence of gram-negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia varied with the densities and species of bacteria. all species of bacteria suspended in a buffered saline at densities of 10(5) to 10(6)/ml supported the growth and survival of 10(6)/ml trophozoites of acanthamoeba castellanii in a buffered saline solution. at densities of bacteria to amoebae of 100:1 ... | 1997 | 9058539 |
| a pyrolysis mass spectrometry study of temperature-dependent compositional shifts in xanthomonas (pseudomonas) maltophilia. | xanthomonas (pseudomonas) maltophilia strains are frequently susceptible to aminoglycoside antibiotic and polymixin b when incubated at 37 degrees c, but resistant at 30 degrees c. five strains showing temperature dependent resistance, and five that did not were examined by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry, a characterisation method that gives fingerprint data reflecting cell composition. cultures grown at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c in the absence of antibiotic were analysed. strains showing tempe ... | 1997 | 9060163 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. | to report a case of xanthomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis and to increase awareness of its potential as an intraocular pathogen. | 1997 | 9063259 |
| stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is emerging as a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. in general, the organism is opportunistic, colonizing or infecting patients with predisposing risk factors such intensive care unit residence, malignancy, mechanical ventilation, and previous antibiotic exposure. it can cause a variety of infections depending on underlying patient-specific medical conditions. it is often part of multimicrobial infections, and determining its role as a pathogen is ... | 1997 | 9085321 |
| sensitivity of aeromonas hydrophila carbapenemase to delta3-cephems: comparative study with other metallo-beta-lactamases. | ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone s-oxide behaved as inactivators against the metallo-beta-lactamase of aeromonas hydrophila ae036 and as substrates for the zinc beta-lactamase produced by bacillus cereus (569/h/9) and stenotrophomonas maltophilia ula 511. moreover, ro 09-1428, a catechol-cephalosporin, was not recognized by the a. hydrophila enzyme. panipenem, cephalosporin c, cephalosporin c-gamma-lactone, and loracarbef were substrates for the three studied beta-lactamases. | 1997 | 9087509 |
| structure of the o2 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia. | an o antigenic polymer containing l-rhamnose, d-mannose, and l-xylose was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide present in the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o2, by mild acid hydrolysis and gel-permeation chromatography. by means of nmr spectroscopy and chemical degradations, the polysaccharide was found to be based on a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown. [formula: see text]. | 1997 | 9090815 |
| comparison of 16s ribosomal dna sequences of all xanthomonas species. | the phylogenetic relationships of all validly described species of the genus xanthomonas and the type strain of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were analyzed by sequencing and comparing 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas). the two genera exhibited a mean sequence similarity value of 96.6%, corresponding to differences at 50 nucleotide positions on average. the species of the genus xanthomonas exhibited relatively high levels of overall sequence similarity; the mean similarity value was 98.2%, which correspo ... | 1997 | 9103617 |
| antibacterial activities of grepafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin. | grepafloxacin (opc-17116) and three other fluoroquinolones were tested against 461 bacterial isolates representing 44 species. grepafloxacin was superior to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin in its activity against the gram-positive cocci, including staphylococci, pneumococci and hemolytic streptococci. attempts to select grepafloxacin-resistant mutants from a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain were unsuccessful, although ciprofloxacin readily selected quinolone-resistant m ... | 1997 | 9106012 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. its activity against mycobacteria and chlamydia was also investigated. bay 12-8039 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of strains tested were inhibited [mic90s] < or = 1 microgram/ml, except for serratia spp. mic ... | 1997 | 8980763 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia: emergence of multidrug-resistant strains during therapy and in an in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model. | emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a nosocomial pathogen is becoming increasingly apparent. pleiotropic resistance characterizes s. maltophilia. furthermore, a slow growth rate and an increased mutation rate generate discordance between in vitro susceptibility testing and clinical outcome. despite original susceptibility, drug-resistant strains of s. maltophilia are often recovered from patients receiving beta-lactams, quinolones, or aminoglycosides. given the disparity among various i ... | 1996 | 9124855 |
| different effects of zinc ions on in vitro susceptibilities of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to imipenem and meropenem. | | 1996 | 9124868 |
| microbial adaptation to hydrogen peroxide and biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. | this research investigated microbial responses to bioremediation with hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) as a supplemental oxygen source. columns containing aquifer material from traverse city, mi, usa, were continuously supplied with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and m-xylene (btex) and h2o2 in increasing concentration. the microbial responses studied were changes in microbial numbers, community structure, degradative ability, and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (sod). both adapt ... | 1997 | 9134761 |
| the activity of the methylpiperazinyl fluoroquinolone cg 5501: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones. | the in-vitro activity of cg 5501 against a wide range of recent clinical isolates was compared with that of three fluoroquinolones. cg 5501 inhibited 90% of the species of the family enterobacteriaceae at 0.5 mg/l or less, exceptions being enterobacter spp. (mic90 2 mg/l) and serratia spp. (mic90 4 mg/l). ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited by 16, 4 and 1 mg/l respectively. cg 5501 had high activity against gram-positive c ... | 1997 | 9145816 |
| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| multiple antibiotic resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a cryptic multidrug resistance (mdr) system in stenotrophomonas maltophilia, the expression of which is selectable by tetracycline, is described. tetracycline resistance was the consequence of active efflux of the antibiotic, and it was associated with resistance to quinolones and chloramphenicol, but not to aminoglycosides or beta-lactam antibiotics. mdr is linked to the expression of an outer membrane protein (omp54) both in a model system and in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. | 1997 | 9145884 |
| risk factors associated with isolation of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in clinical specimens. | to determine risk factors for patients whose cultures grew stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | 1997 | 9154473 |
| comparison of axenic and monoxenic media for isolation of acanthamoeba. | acanthamoeba is a genus of ubiquitous, free-living amebae that can be difficult to isolate by standard microbiologic techniques. we retrospectively reviewed the laboratory records of patients with ocular acanthamoebic infection for the period from january 1973 to june 1996 and found that acanthamoeba isolates were recovered from 73, 71, and 70% of clinical specimens inoculated onto buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (bcye), nonnutrient agar with live or dead escherichia coli, and tryptic soy a ... | 1997 | 9157153 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in the intensive care unit: consequences of antibiotic resistance for choice of antibiotic. | pneumonia in the intensive care unit (icu) has been associated with highly virulent pathogens that often exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and mortality rates of 30-70%. pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae are the leading pathogens, followed by staphylococcus aureus and polymicrobial etiologies. recent clinical studies using monotherapy for nosocomial pneumonias resulted in low eradication rates for p. aeruginosa and staphylococci. an additional problem of these studies was th ... | 1995 | 9158751 |
| fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with acute leukemia and fulminant pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare cause of death in patients with acute leukemia. within a 3-month period we observed three such cases, all of which were associated with the gram-negative opportunistic pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia. since fatal lung bleeding had previously not been observed in conjunction with this organism, we collected the data from all patients with documented s. maltophilia infections or colonizations of the past year and analyzed the risk factors for a lethal outcome. ... | 1997 | 9174542 |
| purification and characterization of a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase from pseudomonas sp. wo24. | a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (dcp) activity was detected in cell-free extracts of pseudomonas sp. wo24. after purification and characterization the enzyme was found to be homogeneous by sds-page, and had a molecular mass of 74,000 da by sds-page and 72,000 da by gel filtration, indicating that it is monomeric. the isoelectric point was 5.2 and optimum ph was 6.5-7.0. it showed a specific activity of 780 mumol/min/mg, which is the highest of the values shown by known enzymes. the enzyme hydrolyz ... | 1997 | 9178563 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia in a patient with acute renal failure. | to report a case of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx)-induced hypoglycemia in a patient with acute renal failure. | 1997 | 9184713 |
| expression of chitinase-encoding genes from aeromonas hydrophila and pseudomonas maltophilia in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | fifty isolates of chitinase (cts)-producing bacteria were collected from soil samples and tested for their ability to degrade chitin using colloidal chitin agar as the primary plating medium. the results indicated that three isolates could degrade chitin at high ph. further studies also demonstrated that crude cts preparations from bacillus circulans (bc) no. 4.1 could enhance the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (bt-k) toward diamondback moth larvae. thus, it might be useful t ... | 1996 | 8955637 |
| comparison of treatment with imipenem vs. ceftazidime as a predisposing factor for nosocomial acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a historical cohort study. | imipenem is considered to confer greater risk for the acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia than are other beta-lactam antibiotics. we conducted a historical cohort study to directly compare the risks of s. maltophilia acquisition in patients treated with imipenem vs. ceftazidime during a 2-year period; 843 hospitalizations of 759 patients treated with ceftazidime (465 hospitalizations), imipenem (294), or both agents (84) were included. acquisition, as measured by clinical detection, occu ... | 1997 | 9195070 |
| etiology of bacteraemia in patients with various malignancies: is there association between certain antineoplastic drugs and microorganism? | the authors studied a relationship between particular bacterial or fungal organisms isolated from blood cultures and type of malignancy and antineoplastic drugs in 237 cancer patients. sixty four had acute myelogenous leukemia (aml), 43 non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) and 140 solid tumors (st). all patients had at least one positive blood cultures for one or more microorganism drawn during 1-10 days after cytotoxic chemotherapy, viridans streptococcal bacteremia was more frequently observed in pati ... | 1996 | 9117432 |
| aztreonam/clavulanic acid in the treatment of serious infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in neutropenic patients: case reports. | two seriously neutropenic patients (a 23-year-old man with a promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia [aml-m3] and a 77-year old male with an immature acute myeloid leukemia [aml-m1] diagnosis) with severe infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia were treated with aztreonam/clavulanic acid (2:1) combination. in the first patient the infection was caused by a multiresistant strain and in the second, by a strain with poor response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobial agent ... | 1997 | 9210009 |
| sequence analysis and enzyme kinetics of the l2 serine beta-lactamase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the l2 serine active-site beta-lactamase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been classified as a clavulanic acid-sensitive cephalosporinase. the gene encoding this enzyme from s. maltophilia 1275 iid has been cloned on a 3.3-kb fragment into pk18 under the control of a ptac promoter to generate recombinant plasmid pub5840; when expressed in escherichia coli, this gene confers resistance to cephalosporins and penicillins. sequence analysis has revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 909 bp wit ... | 1997 | 9210666 |
| comparative activity of trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with other agents, against gram-negative nonfermentative rods. | in the first part of this study, agar dilution mics were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem against 458 gram-negative nonfermenters. the overall respective mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic50s) and mic90s were as follows: trovafloxacin, 1.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0 microg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; sparfl ... | 1997 | 9210669 |
| identification of a cg/lh binding site in two strains of mycobacterium vaccae. | we have previously reported the presence of a chorionic gonadotropin-like (cg-like) protein in the bacterium xanthomonas maltophilia (x. maltophilia). we have also shown that x. maltophilia possesses a unique binding site for the native ligand and hcg, but not for human luteinizing hormone (hlh), and that binding of the native ligand or hcg to the receptor causes changes in the growth rates of culturing x. maltophilia. in this study we have characterized a cg/lh binding site in two strains of my ... | 1997 | 9187538 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against clinical bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. | the antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and norfloxacin against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. in general, the activity of trovafloxacin was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin against most gram-negative isolates tested (minor differences in the activity of each agent against individual species were seen) and it was the most active agent tested against stenotrophomonas ... | 1997 | 9222065 |
| antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin against nosocomial gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. | a total of 1132 clinical isolates from 952 patients with nosocomial infections were tested against the fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin by the agar dilution method. they comprised 285 staphylococci, 111 streptococci, 94 enterococci and 470 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 92 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27 stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 28 haemophilus influenzae and 25 acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, beta-lactam and ... | 1997 | 9222067 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| 16s rrna gene sequence analyses and inter- and intrageneric relationships of xanthomonas species and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the nearly complete, pcr-amplified, 16s rrna gene sequences have been determined from the representative type strains of eight xanthomonad phena, including six validly described species of the genus xanthomonas and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the xanthomonads comprise a monophyletic lineage-within the gamma-subclass of the proteobacteria. although the genus xanthomonas was observed to comprise a cluster of very closely r ... | 1997 | 9228747 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in uremic patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis has been only occasionally reported in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. we present a series of six cases of peritonitis caused by such bacteria, accounting for 1.5% of all peritonitis episodes encountered in our renal unit over the past 5 years. recent bacterial peritonitis treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics was the major risk factor, and the outcome was poor with medical treatment alone. secondary peritonitis, especially fung ... | 1997 | 9002535 |
| susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to carbapenems. | the susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem was investigated by various methods. s. maltophilia appeared sensitive to meropenem but resistant to imipenem by disc testing in iso-sensitest agar. agar dilution mics were performed using iso-sensitest agar and with incubation under three sets of atmospheric conditions. mics of meropenem were considerably lower than those of imipenem; this effect was maximal after incubation in 5 ... | 1997 | 9249199 |
| analysis of 553 episodes of monomicrobial bacteraemia in cancer patients: any association between risk factors and outcome to particular pathogen? | relationships between aetiology, various risk factors (such as neutropenia, catheter insertion, endoscopy, therapy with corticosteroids, therapeutic use of antimicrobials, antibiotic prophylaxis, source of infection), symptomatology and outcome were studied in 553 monomicrobial bacteraemic episodes in cancer patients observed within 7 years at the national cancer institute of the slovak republic. the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteraemia was 1:1 (43.5% vs 43.8%), and yeasts caused ... | 1997 | 9257432 |
| epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as a cause of hospital-acquired infection and respiratory tract colonization in cystic fibrosis patients. a number of methods have been described for the typing of strains in epidemiological studies. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of total chromosomal dna cleaved by low-frequency restriction site endonucleases (xbai, spei) is highly discriminatory and defines populations at the strain level. other molecular methods such as ribotypi ... | 1997 | 9261755 |
| subcutaneous lesions and bacteraemia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia in three leukaemic patients with neutropenia. | subcutaneous lesions were seen in three of 13 neutropenia patients who had stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia bacteraemia. the characteristic clinical presentation resembled leukaemic infiltrates, and were different from deep ulcers or subcutaneous nodules caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. the three patients had acute leukaemia and were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy. all had previously been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and each patient recovered after proper ... | 1997 | 9217834 |
| risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking water. | this study was undertaken to examine quantitatively the risks to human health posed by heterotrophic plate count (hpc) bacteria found naturally in ambient and potable waters. there is no clear-cut evidence that the hpc bacteria as a whole pose a public health risk. only certain members are opportunistic pathogens. using the four-tiered approach for risk assessment from the national academy of sciences, hazard identification, dose-response modeling, and exposure through ingestion of drinking wate ... | 1997 | 9297985 |
| cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases. | cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ... | 1997 | 9311838 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia--a growing problem in the haemodialysis population. | | 1997 | 9351088 |
| sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from xylella fastidiosa. | a cryptic plasmid from xylella fastidiosa strain atcc 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into genbank (u71220). the plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% gc content and three open reading frames. a plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of x. fastidiosa, atcc 35878. searches of the genbank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pnkh43 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and amino acid sequence homology with phage pf3 from pseudomona ... | 1997 | 9351204 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia infection presenting as erythematous nodules. | xanthomonas (pseudomonas) maltophilia is increasingly being recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized and debilitated patients. we describe x. maltophilia cellulitis in a neutropenic patient undergoing consolidation chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. the patient had multiple, erythematous, nonulcerated nodules on the lower extremities. a biopsy specimen showed numerous gram-negative bacilli in the dermis and subcutis, without evidence of vasculitis. tissue culture and sub ... | 1997 | 9366847 |
| infections in patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. | there is controversy over whether colonization with drug-resistant organisms is a contraindication to lung transplantation. | 1997 | 9377954 |
| transferable antibiotic resistance in nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (298/85) was isolated from the extensively inflamed conjunctiva of a neonate in a regional hospital in ostrava, czech republic. it was resistant to all available antibiotics except cefepime and trimethoprim. the donor s. maltophilia strain 298/85 transferred carbenicillin and cephaloridine resistance determinants to recipient strains of escherichia coli k-12 3110 rif+ and proteus mirabilis p-38 rif+. all transconjugant colonies were co-resistant also to kanamycin, ce ... | 1997 | 9401804 |
| antimicrobial activity of 12 broad-spectrum agents tested against 270 nosocomial blood stream infection isolates caused by non-enteric gram-negative bacilli: occurrence of resistance, molecular epidemiology, and screening for metallo-enzymes. | a total of 270 recent nosocomial blood stream isolates of non-enterobacteriaceae gram-negative bacilli representing nearly 50 u.s. medical centers were characterized. the numbers of isolates of individual organisms were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 204), acinetobacter spp. (n = 48), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 18). mics were determined using the broth microdilution susceptibility method with 12 antimicrobial agents: piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefep ... | 1997 | 9401811 |
| comparison of bactericidal effects of commonly used antiseptics against pathogens causing nosocomial infections. part 2. | opportunistic infections caused by gram-negative rods (gnr), conventionally regarded as organisms with low or no pathogenicity, and intractable infections caused by various resistant organisms pose a great problem now. in view of this, we determined the bactericidal effects of 5 commonly used disinfectants using as the test strains xanthomonas maltophilia and serratia marcescens, chosen among other gnr since they often cause nosocomial infections. regarding the bactericidal activities against x. ... | 1997 | 9403251 |
| isolation and characterization of novel iron-oxidizing bacteria that grow at circumneutral ph. | a gel-stabilized gradient method that employed opposing gradients of fe2+ and o2 was used to isolate and characterize two new fe-oxidizing bacteria from a neutral ph, fe(2+)-containing groundwater in michigan. two separate enrichment cultures were obtained, and in each the cells grew in a distinct, rust-colored band in the gel at the oxic-anoxic interface. the cells were tightly associated with the ferric hydroxides. repeated serial dilutions of both enrichments resulted in the isolation of two ... | 1997 | 9406396 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of ru-59863, a c-7 catechol substituted cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of ru-59863, a so-called "fifth generation" catechol cephalosporin, was evaluated against 606 bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. ru-59863 demonstrated a broad spectrum of inhibition and superior overall activity than comparators when tested against enterobacteriaciae (mic90s, 0.015 to 2 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic90, 0.25 microgram/ml ... | 1997 | 9239501 |
| [meropenem: microbiologic perspective]. | meropenem is a beta-lactamic carbapenem derived from thienamycin and is structurally characterized by the presence of a beta-methyl group in position c1 which confers stability to the molecule versus renal dehydropeptidase 1 (dhp-1), thereby making the coadministration of an enzyme inhibitor unnecessary. its esterochemical configuration of the lateral chain in c2 (dimethyl carbomoilpyrrolidenethium) increases the activity versus gram negative bacteria (enterobacteria and pseudomonas) and moreove ... | 1997 | 9410064 |
| [the role of carbapenems in the treatment of nosocomial infection]. | carbapenems are active beta-lactam antibiotics versus most of the gram positive and gram negative microorganisms and anaerobes although their activity is lacking in the case of staphylococcus sp. resistant to methicillin, enterococcus faecium and streptococcus pneumoniae with high resistance to penicillin and some gram negative bacilli which naturally produce an methaloenzyme able to hydrolyze them such as stenotrophomonas maltophilia. imipenem, the first synthetized carbapenem requires administ ... | 1997 | 9410075 |
| inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamases by a series of thiol ester derivatives of mercaptophenylacetic acid. | a series of mercaptophenylacetic acid thiol esters bearing a phenyl substituent adjacent to the carboxylic acid function has been shown to be inhibitors of metallo-beta-lactamases. the inhibition of the bacteroides fragilis cfia and bacillus cereus ii metallo-beta-lactamases was zn2- dependent, greater inhibition being observed at 1 microm znso4 than at 100 microm znso4. despite this zn2+ dependency, isothermal titration calorimetry studies illustrated that representative compounds had no detect ... | 1997 | 9418252 |
| in vitro activities of beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against stenotrophomonas maltophilia: correlation between methods for testing inhibitory activity, time-kill curves, and bactericidal activity. | the activities of ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, and aztreonam-clavulanic against stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains for which the mics of penicillins and commercially available beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations were higher than the breakpoints usually recommended for pseudomonas aeruginosa in commercially available broth microdilution methods ... | 1997 | 9420028 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a novel oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. this compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite r-95867. the antibacterial activity of r-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. r-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. its activity was superior t ... | 1997 | 9420035 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis. report of two cases and review of the literature. | the authors report two cases of meningitis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cancer patients following placement of an ommaya reservoir for treatment of meningeal carcinomatosis. in addition, they review eight other cases of s. maltophilia that have been reported to date. stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis is often associated with neurosurgical procedures; however, spontaneous infection may also occur, mainly in neonates. the disease's clinical presentation is similar to that of oth ... | 1997 | 9202275 |