| antimicrobial multiresistance in bacteria isolated from freshwater chilean salmon farms. | the intensive use of antimicrobial agents, mainly oxytetracycline, to prevent and control bacterial pathologies in chilean salmon culture is a frequent practice. a total of 103 gram-negative oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria recovered from various sources of 4 chilean freshwater salmon farms were identified and investigated for their susceptibility patterns to various antibacterial agents, by using an agar disk diffusion method. antibacterial resistance patterns of isolates were not correlated ... | 2002 | 12109474 |
| risk factors for late-onset nosocomial pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in critically ill trauma patients. | patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia often receive inadequate empiric antibiotic therapy, potentially increasing mortality. knowledge of the risk factors associated with s. maltophilia pneumonia may better guide the selection of empiric antibiotic therapy. potential risk factors for s. maltophilia pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed for critically ill trauma patients with late-onset gram-negative pneumonia. the effects of s. maltophilia infection and inad ... | 2002 | 12115086 |
| synergistic activity of the novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, garenoxacin (bms-284756), in combination with other antimicrobial agents against pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species. | non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp.) are intrinsically less susceptible to many antimicrobial agents. two-drug combinations have been used to treat infections caused by less susceptible pathogens. in this study, the antibacterial activity of garenoxacin (garx) with non-quinolones was examined. the non-quinolones evaluated were cefepime (cepi), imipenem (imip), aztreonam (aztr), piperacillin-taz ... | 2002 | 12127712 |
| co-infection of the human cornea with stenotrophomonas maltophilia and aspergillus fumigatus. | to report a case of corneal co-infection of stenotrophomonas maltophilia and aspergillus fumigatus. | 2002 | 12131049 |
| synthesis, antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity of nitro- and halogeno-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. | two series of benzimidazole derivatives were sythesised. the first one was based on 5,6-dinitrobenzimidazole, the second one comprises 2-thioalkyl- and thioaryl-substituted modified benzimidazoles. antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity of the newly obtained compounds was studied. some thioalkyl derivatives showed remarkable activity against nosocomial strains of stenotrophomonas malthophilia, and an activity comparable to that of metronidazole against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ... | 2002 | 12136939 |
| comparative in vitro activity of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against bacterial isolates from neutropenic patients. | novel fluoroquinolones have been recently introduced in the management of neutropenic patients because of their increased activity against gram-positive and gram-negative micro-organisms. | 2002 | 12138329 |
| isolation of s-n-butylcysteine sulfoxide and six n-butyl-containing thiosulfinates from allium siculum. | isolation and identification of (s(s)r(c))-s-n-butylcysteine sulfoxide (1) from the bulbs of allium siculum is reported. this compound was found in all parts of the plant (bulbs, stem, leaves, and flowers) along with known compounds (s(s)r(c))-s-methyl- and (r(s)r(c))-(e)-s-(1-propenyl)cysteine sulfoxides (2 and 3, respectively). in addition, six n-butyl-containing thiosulfinates (4-9) have been found in a ch2cl2 extract of the bulbs. structures were determined by a combination of spectral metho ... | 2002 | 12141853 |
| evaluation of a new etest for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in routine clinical testing. | several etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) gradient formats were developed for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases based on the reduction of imipenem (ip) or ceftazidime (tz) mics in the presence of edta or 2-mercaptopropionic acid (mpa). the etest metallo-beta-lactamase (etest mbl) strips consisted of a double-sided seven-dilution range of ip or tz (4 to 256 microg/ml) and ip or tz (1 to 64 microg/ml) overlaid with a constant concentration of edta or mpa. the prototype strips were evaluated on ... | 2002 | 12149325 |
| detecting stenotrophomonas maltophilia does not reduce survival of patients with cystic fibrosis. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterium that has been cultured with increasing prevalence from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). we conducted a cohort study, using the cystic fibrosis foundation registry, to assess the effect of s. maltophilia on survival. we studied all patients in this registry from 1991 to 1997 who were older than 6 years of age, were s. maltophilia negative in the first year of enrollment, and had their cf diagnosed before the age of 45 year ... | 2002 | 12153970 |
| quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with treatment failure. | to study the correlation of bacteriology between quantitative cultures of protected specimen brush (psb), bal, and quantitative endotracheal aspirate (qea) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) patients with treatment failure. | 2002 | 12171848 |
| identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria by the phoenix automated microbiology system. | the phoenix automated microbiology system (becton dickinson, sparks, md) was evaluated for its ability to identify nonfermenting gram-negative pathogens and measure their drug susceptibility. isolates producing rare extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (per-1, imp-2, vim-1, and vim-2) were included in the study. species identification was compared to that given by the atb system (bio-mérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), whereas susceptibility results were compared to those produced by a reference brot ... | 2002 | 12173774 |
| [occurrence of beta-lactamase types esbl and ampc among gram-negative rods isolated from food]. | the aim of the study was to isolate extended spectrum beta-laktamases (esbl) and chromosomal beta-laktamases ampc producing strains from food products. a total of 739 gram-negative bacteria were tested with double disc diffusion method using cefotaxim, ceftasidim and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid. one strain producing esbl and belonging to stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected from the ice cream (0.14% of all strains). from different food products a total of 14 microorganisms (1.9%) havin ... | 2002 | 12185694 |
| characterization of flagella produced by clinical strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and hiv. adherence of this organism to abiotic surfaces such as medical implants and catheters represents a major risk for hospitalized patients. the adhesive surface factors involved in adherence of these bacteria are largely unknown, and their flagella have not yet been characterized biochemically and antigenically. we purified and characterized the ... | 2002 | 12194767 |
| bacteraemia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an analysis of 45 episodes. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen and a therapeutic challenge. a ten-year review of episodes of bacteraemia due to s. maltophilia was undertaken in light of reports of an increasing frequency of infection. | 2002 | 12217732 |
| [plantar pyoderma due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia]. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram negative, opportunistic bacteria. we describe a case of community-acquired superficial pyoderma due to this bacteria in a immunocompetent host. | 2002 | 12218917 |
| xanthomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis following penetrating corneal injury. | | 2002 | 12322863 |
| in vitro activities of antimicrobial combinations against clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a major pathogen causing nosocomial infection, is inherently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. evaluation of the effectiveness of recommended therapeutic options for s. maltophilia infections is crucial, particularly in areas with high antimicrobial resistance in this nosocomial pathogen. | 2002 | 12353342 |
| use of 16s rrna gene sequencing for identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients attending a single cystic fibrosis center. | during 1999, we used partial 16s rrna gene sequencing for the prospective identification of atypical nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients attending our cystic fibrosis center. of 1,093 isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from 148 patients, 46 (4.2%) gave problematic results with conventional phenotypic tests. these 46 isolates were genotypically identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 isolates, 12 patients), achromobacter xylosoxidans (10 isolates, 8 ... | 2002 | 12354883 |
| clonal diversity and metallo-beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen with an intrinsic broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam compounds and other antibacterial agents. it produces two chromosomal beta-lactamases: a clavulanic acid-sensitive class a (l2) and a tetrameric carbapenemase (l1 or blas). we screened 40 s. maltophilia multidrug-resistant clinical isolates recovered between 1995 and 1998 in the varese hospital (italy) for the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase. the isolates were investigated by p ... | 2002 | 12363008 |
| an alternative mechanism for amidase signature enzymes. | the peptide amidase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia catalyses predominantly the hydrolysis of the c-terminal amide bond in peptide amides. peptide bonds or amide functions in amino acid side-chains are not hydrolysed. this specificity makes peptide amidase (pam) interesting for different biotechnological applications. pam belongs to the amidase signature (as) family. it is the first protein within this family whose tertiary structure has been solved. the structure of the native pam has been de ... | 2002 | 12367528 |
| cloning and characterization of smet, a repressor of the stenotrophomonas maltophilia multidrug efflux pump smedef. | we report on the cloning of the gene smet, which encodes the transcriptional regulator of the stenotrophomonas maltophilia efflux pump smedef. smet belongs to the tetr and acrr family of transcriptional regulators. the smet gene is located upstream from the structural operon of the pump genes smedef and is divergently transcribed from those genes. experiments with s. maltophilia and the heterologous host escherichia coli have demonstrated that smet is a transcriptional repressor. s1 nuclease map ... | 2002 | 12384340 |
| molecular epidemiology of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a university hospital. | the aim of this investigation was to study the molecular epidemiology of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a university hospital in italy. sixty-one clinical isolates were collected from 43 patients during a two-year period. the majority of specimens were from the respiratory tract (41 of 43) of patients in the adult intensive care unit (icu) (19 of 43) or cystic fibrosis (cf) patients (13 of 43). genotypic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of clinical isolates identified 31 diff ... | 2002 | 12392899 |
| comparative in vitro activities of tigecycline (gar-936) and other antimicrobial agents against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2002 | 12407139 |
| diversity of transconjugants that acquired plasmid pjp4 or pemt1 after inoculation of a donor strain in the a- and b-horizon of an agricultural soil and description of burkholderia hospita sp. nov. and burkholderia terricola sp. nov. | we examined the diversity of transconjugants that acquired the catabolic plasmids pjp4 or pemt1, which encode degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), in microcosms with agricultural soil inoculated with a donor strain (dejonghe, w., goris, j., el fantroussi, s., höfte, m., de vos, p., verstraete, w., and top, e. m. appl. environ. microbiol. 2000, p. 3297-3304). using repetitive element pcr fingerprinting, eight different rep-clusters and six separate isolates could be discriminate ... | 2002 | 12421072 |
| [endocarditis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia]. | | 2002 | 12425885 |
| in vitro killing effect of moxifloxacin on clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | the time-kill effect of moxifloxacin on 20 genetically distinct isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was studied. the majority (80%) were killed by a concentration equivalent to four times the mic; the mic induced a transient decrease in bacterial counts at 4 h, followed by regrowth. no effect was detected in four isolates. these results merit further clinical consideration. | 2002 | 12435710 |
| antimicrobial activity of a novel des-fluoro (6) quinolone, garenoxacin (bms-284756), compared to other quinolones, against clinical isolates from cancer patients. | the in vitro spectrum of a novel des-fluoro (6) quinolone, garenoxacin (bms-284756), was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin against 736 clinical isolates from cancer patients. garenoxacin was the most active agent overall against gram-positive organisms, with potent activity against aerococcus spp., micrococcus spp., rhodococcus equi, stomatococcus mucilaginous, bacillus spp., enterococcus faecalis, listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus ... | 2002 | 12458127 |
| development of broad-range polymerase chain reaction (pcr) bacterial identification in diagnosis of infective endocarditis. | the study aim was to identify the value of broad-range bacterial pcr in infective endocarditis (ie) of bacterial etiology, and to determine its specificity and sensitivity. | 2002 | 12479291 |
| synergy of colistin with rifampin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on multidrug-resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is characterized by intrinsic resistance to a variety of antimicrobials. therapeutic options are often limited particularly after the emergence of isolates resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. the application of colistin for infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens is limited due to its toxicity. in order to evaluate the activity of the interaction of colistin with rifampin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on s. maltophilia, 24 differen ... | 2002 | 12493173 |
| activities of the glycylcycline tigecycline (gar-936) against 1,924 recent european clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activities of tigecycline against 1,924 clinical isolates were examined. the new glycylcycline exhibited excellent activity against all gram-positive cocci (mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited [mic(90)s], <or=1 microg/ml). in addition, it was also very potent against most members of the enterobacteriaceae, with most mic(90)s being <or=2 microg/ml. among the nonfermenters, acinetobacter spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia are included in the in vitro spectrum of ... | 2003 | 12499224 |
| a comparison of pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic burkholderia cepacia infection. | to compare pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with chronic burkholderia cepacia infection. | 2003 | 12504610 |
| three-dimensional structure of fez-1, a monomeric subclass b3 metallo-beta-lactamase from fluoribacter gormanii, in native form and in complex with d-captopril. | the beta-lactamases are involved in bacterial resistance to penicillin and related compounds. members of the metallo-enzyme class are now found in many pathogenic bacteria and are thus becoming of major clinical importance. the structures of the zn-beta-lactamase from fluoribacter gormanii (fez-1) in the native and in the complex form are reported here. fez-1 is a monomeric enzyme, which possesses two zinc-binding sites. these structures are discussed in comparison with those of the tetrameric l ... | 2003 | 12507470 |
| stenotrophomonas rhizophila sp. nov., a novel plant-associated bacterium with antifungal properties. | a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on 16 stenotrophomonas strains from environmental and clinical sources. a group of three plant-associated isolates were shown to be phenotypically different from the other strains. this group formed a separate physiological cluster (b1) with 42% heterogeneity to the other isolates. the defining characteristics of the new species were as follows: growth at 4 degrees c and the absence of growth at 40 degrees c; the utilization of xylose as a carbon source ... | 2002 | 12508851 |
| [microbiology and cystic fibrosis]. | the respiratory infections are the rule in sick persons of cystic fibrosis. after the colonization in one's early childhood by staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae, it is established the colonization produced by the mucous strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, the principal etiogenic of this illness, that can become to isolate in more than 95% of sick persons at three years old. that's why the etiogenic factors of this bacterium are studied, as they are toxins, pigments, enzymes, and pr ... | 2002 | 12518659 |
| mutations in gyra and parc qrdrs are not relevant for quinolone resistance in epidemiological unrelated stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. | clinical strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia are often highly resistant to multiple antibiotics and this resistance is steadily rising. quinolones are included in the group of antimicrobial agents to which this microorganism is developing resistance. therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relationship among 22 clinical isolates of s. maltophilia as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of quinolone-resistance in these strains. the resul ... | 2002 | 12523620 |
| enhanced membrane permeabilization and antibacterial activity of a disulfide-dimerized magainin analogue. | a cysteine substitution analogue of magainin-2 amide (magainin-f12w, n22c; denoted here as mag-n22c), and a disulfide-linked dimer prepared by air oxidation [(mag-n22c)(2)], were compared in their ability to release carboxyfluorescein (cf) from 100-nm large unilamellar vesicles (luv) and to kill the gram negative bacteria stenotrophomonas maltophilia and escherichia coli. the disulfide-dimerized peptide showed enhanced permeabilization and antimicrobial activity, when compared with the monomeric ... | 2003 | 12525167 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility profile of molecular typed cystic fibrosis stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and differences with noncystic fibrosis isolates. | multiresistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia limits the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for infections due to this organism. it can be of special concern in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients due to frequent antimicrobial administration. the in vitro activity of 41 antimicrobial agents against 76 epidemiologically defined cf s. maltophilia isolates by pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis (pfge) technique under xbai and spei restriction was compared with that obtained with 51 non-cf strains reco ... | 2003 | 12526070 |
| successful treatment of multi-resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis with ciprofloxacin in a pre-term infant. | | 2002 | 12536991 |
| levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in vitro activities against 4,003 clinical bacterial isolates collected in 24 italian laboratories. | levofloxacin showed comparable in vitro susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus, while greater susceptibility was observed in stenotrophomonas maltophilia and staphylococcus epidermidis, mainly when oxacillin resistant. the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae to levofloxacin reached 99%. | 2003 | 12543701 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae: considerations for diagnosis, prevention and drug treatment. | extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms pose unique challenges to clinical microbiologists, clinicians, infection control professionals and antibacterial-discovery scientists. esbls are enzymes capable of hydrolysing penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams, and are generally derived from tem and shv-type enzymes. esbls are often located on plasmids that are transferable from strain to strain and between bacterial species. although the prevalence of esbls is ... | 2003 | 12558458 |
| [second multicenter study of the in vitro susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam]. | a study was conducted in 1999 on the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam on 1349 strains collected in a spanish multicenter study involving 10 hospitals. a total of 897 gram-negative bacteria of the following genuses were collected: escherichia coli (169), klebsiella spp. (112), pseudomonas spp. (122), enterobacter spp. (92), serratia spp. (44), citrobacter spp. (37), proteus spp. (114), morganella spp. (49), acinetobacter spp. (47), stenotrophomonas spp. (47), haemophilus spp. (45), moraxella s ... | 2002 | 12582446 |
| nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain with a broad host range ability to transfer antibiotic resistance. | | 2002 | 12583560 |
| involvement of a quinoprotein (pqq-containing) alcohol dehydrogenase in the degradation of polypropylene glycols by the bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | previous work has shown that when the bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is grown on polypropylene glycol, different dye-linked polypropylene glycol dehydrogenase (ppg-dh) activities are induced during growth. here the purification and characterization of the dehydrogenase activity induced in the stationary phase, and present in the periplasmic space, is described. the homogeneous enzyme preparation obtained consists of a homodimeric protein with a molecular mass of about 123 kda and an isoe ... | 2003 | 12586415 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacillus that is increasingly associated with serious nosocomial infections, especially in immunocompromised patients; however, the occurrence of endocarditis due to this organism is rare. this report describes a case of s. maltophilia endocarditis associated with a central venous catheter. the literature on stenotrophomonas endocarditis is reviewed. given the high morbidity and mortality of these infections, early antibiotic therapy utilizing trim ... | 2002 | 12587628 |
| the influence of the chemical composition of drinking water on cuprosolvency by biofilm bacteria. | this study investigated the influence of water chemistry on copper solvation (cuprosolvency) by pure culture biofilms of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from copper plumbing. | 2003 | 12588559 |
| identification of mixed bacterial dna contamination in broad-range pcr amplification of 16s rdna v1 and v3 variable regions by pyrosequencing of cloned amplicons. | using a sensitive and rapid method combining broad-range pcr amplification of bacterial 16s rdna fragments and pyrosequencing for detection, identification and typing, we have found contaminating bacterial dna in our reagents used for pcr. identified bacteria are the water-borne bacterial genera pseudomonas, stenotrophomonas, xanthomonas, ralstonia and bacillus. our results are in concordance with recent reports of contaminated industrial water systems. in light of this conclusion, we believe th ... | 2003 | 12594028 |
| diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria from chilean salmon farms. | twenty-five distinct tetracycline-resistant gram-negative bacteria recovered from four chilean fish farms with no history of recent antibiotic use were examined for the presence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes. sixty percent of the isolates carried 1 of the 22 known tet genes examined. the distribution was as follows. the tet(a) gene was found in six isolates. the tet(b) gene was found in two isolates, including the first description in the genus brevundimonas: two isolates carried the te ... | 2003 | 12604516 |
| bacteraemia in adults due to glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli other than p. aeruginosa. | glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli other than p. aeruginosa (nf) are emerging pathogens. | 2003 | 12615987 |
| respiration of 13c-labeled substrates added to soil in the field and subsequent 16s rrna gene analysis of 13c-labeled soil dna. | our goal was to develop a field soil biodegradation assay using (13)c-labeled compounds and identify the active microorganisms by analyzing 16s rrna genes in soil-derived (13)c-labeled dna. our biodegradation approach sought to minimize microbiological artifacts caused by physical and/or nutritional disturbance of soil associated with sampling and laboratory incubation. the new field-based assay involved the release of (13)c-labeled compounds (glucose, phenol, caffeine, and naphthalene) to soil ... | 2003 | 12620850 |
| safety and use of sputum induction in children with cystic fibrosis. | we assessed the safety and use of induced sputum (is) in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). forty-eight children (19 males) with cf, mean age 12.6 (range, 7.3-17.0) years and median forced expired volume in 1 sec (fev(1)) 48% (range, 14-77%) predicted were recruited. patients spontaneously expectorated sputum and then performed sputum induction by inhalation of nebulized 7% hypertonic saline. samples were sent for bacteriological culture, and for measurement of the following inflammatory mediat ... | 2003 | 12629630 |
| fatty acid analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains showing different susceptibility to antibiotics at 30 and 37 degrees c. | isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia species display the feature "temperature-dependent susceptibility" (tds) to antibiotics. both 30tds strains (at least 4 times lower value of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of an antibiotic at 30 than at 37 degrees c) and 37tds strains (at least 4 times lower value of mic at 37 than at 30 degrees c) were described. changes in the distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (fa) at 30 and 37 degrees c were considered as one of possible cau ... | 2002 | 12630330 |
| a survey of bacterial diversity in ticks, lice and fleas from australia. | we isolated bacteria from ticks, lice and fleas. partial small subunit rrna sequences were obtained for each isolate and the closest matches in the fasta database were determined. these bacteria were mostly gram-positive (firmicutes), although representatives from the proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma subdivisions) and cfb group were also isolated. most of the isolates we found were from genera that were present in most of the ectoparasites studied, but a few genera were restricted to one speci ... | 2003 | 12632173 |
| oral colonisation by aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeast in tibetans living in lhasa. | sample groups of children (n=50) and adults (n=38) were selected from pools of 207 children, (11-13-year olds from two primary schools) and 94 adults (25-44-year olds from four governmental agencies) who were the subjects of an oral health survey among tibetans living in lhasa, tibet autonomous region. mean ages of the study groups of children (38% females) and adults (61% females) were 11.6+/-0.9 and 37.1+/-6.1 years, respectively. all had lived in tibet since birth. oral rinse samples were sel ... | 2003 | 12642230 |
| fluctuation of bacteria isolated from elm tissues during different seasons and from different plant organs. | in this work we isolated a culturable endophytic aerobic heterotrophic bacterial community from the stem and root tissues of elm trees (ulmus spp.) and analyzed its fluctuations. a total of 724 bacterial isolates were collected at different times (april, june, september and december) from two elm trees, one infected with elm yellows phytoplasmas, and one which was healthy-looking. the isolates were grouped into 82 haplotypes, identified by means of amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (a ... | 2003 | 12648725 |
| the efflux pump inhibitor phe-arg-beta-naphthylamide does not abolish the activity of the stenotrophomonas maltophilia smedef multidrug efflux pump. | | 2003 | 12654744 |
| role of the acetyltransferase aac(6')-iz modifying enzyme in aminoglycoside resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that displays high-level intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics including aminoglycosides. a gene [aac(6')-iz] encoding an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, aac(6')-iz acetyltransferase, was recently cloned and sequenced in s. maltophilia, but its importance with respect to aminoglycoside resistance in this organism was not determined. using a homologous gene replacement approach, mutants carrying unmarked chromosomal deletions ... | 2003 | 12654758 |
| liver abscess caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: report of a case. | we report the case of a melioidosis-like abscess of the liver caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia infection in a chinese man living in hungary. although this appears to be the first documentation of a liver abscess of this origin in a nonimmunocompromised patient, our case report demonstrates that this common facultative pathogen can also cause liver abscess and sepsis. after repeated negative blood cultures, histological examinations of liver biopsies suggested the possibility ... | 2003 | 12658392 |
| negative bacterial polymerase chain reaction (pcr) findings in prostate tissue from patients with symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cpps) and localized prostate cancer. | the etiology of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cpps) remains obscure. although, bacterial etiology has frequently been suggested, evidence of both bacterial involvement in cpps and the presence of normal bacterial flora in the prostate remain uncertain. | 2003 | 12661035 |
| transformations of selenate and selenite by stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from a seleniferous agricultural drainage pond sediment. | a gram-negative bacterium, identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia by fatty acid analysis and 16s rrna sequencing, was isolated from a seleniferous agricultural evaporation pond sediment collected in the tulare lake drainage district, california. in cultures exposed to the atmosphere, the organism reduces selenate (seo4(2-)) and selenite (seo3(2-)) to red amorphous elemental selenium (se degrees ) only upon reaching stationary phase, when o2 levels are less than 0.1 mg l(-1). in 48 h, s. malt ... | 2003 | 12662176 |
| an outbreak of lymphadenitis associated with stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in omani goats. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commonly isolated organism from human clinical specimens and is gaining significance as a pathogen in immunocompromised patients and nosocomial infections. in most cases it is difficult to establish the source of human infections. in veterinary medicine, s. maltophilia is not generally considered a primary pathogen. in the present study, we report the occurrence of 16 cases of caprine abscess from which s. maltophilia was isolated in pure culture from 15 animals ... | 2003 | 12675904 |
| microbial contamination of embryos and semen during long term banking in liquid nitrogen. | we report on microbial contamination of embryos and semen cryopreserved in sealed plastic straws and stored for 6-35 years in liquid nitrogen. there were 32 bacterial and 1 fungal species identified from randomly drawn liquid nitrogen, frozen semen, and embryos samples stored in 8 commercial and 8 research facility liquid nitrogen (ln) tanks. the identified bacteria represented commensal or environmental microorganisms and some, such as escherichia coli, were potential or opportunistic pathogens ... | 2003 | 12686204 |
| [indications and results of retroperitoneal laparostomy in the treatment of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis]. | the aim of this study is to describe personal experience with retroperitoneal laparostomy in the management of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis. the presence of an infected phlegmon requires surgical debridement and drainage. the surgical approach can be either an anterior laparotomy with irrigation and drainage (which can be either an open or closed laparotomy) or a posterior laparostomy. three patients (2 men and 1 woman) presented with an unfavourable course of their acute necrotizing ... | 2003 | 12692503 |
| in vitro activity of gatifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin and gentamicin against multidrug-resistant organisms. | to study the in vitro interaction of gatifloxacin in combination with gentamicin and with the beta-lactams cefepime, meropenem and piperacillin against clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2003 | 12697632 |
| [effects induced by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on disseminated bacterial infection during hiv disease]. | in order to assess the frequency, risk factors, etiology, and clinical outcome of hiv-related sepsis and bacteremia, according to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), all episodes occurred in patients hospitalized during years 1993-1995 (pre-haart era), have been compared with those diagnosed after haart introduction (years 1997-2000). on the whole, 498 patients suffered from sepsis/bacteremia in the two considered time periods, but the frequency of this complication ... | 2002 | 12702888 |
| risk factors for stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in oncology patients: a case-control study. | to characterize risk factors for stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in oncology patients. | 2003 | 12725356 |
| comparative in vitro potency of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and four oral agents against recent north american clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was compared with four comparator oral antimicrobial agents; ampicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 4536 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the us and canada between 1997 and 1999. based upon minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was the most active agent against many gram-positive species and phenotypes including methicillin susceptible staphylococc ... | 2003 | 12727075 |
| effects of permeabilizers on antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp. | isolates of the gram-negative bacteria stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp. are naturally resistant to many classes of antibiotics. using the disk diffusion technique it was shown that the membrane permeabilizers ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium citrate, and sodium polyphosphate increased susceptibility to a range of antibiotics including imipenem, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and rifampicin. these effects are probably due to the metal chelating properties of the permeabili ... | 2003 | 12741739 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia septicemia with pyomyositis in a chemotherapy-treated patient. | pyomyositis is a rare complication of chemotherapy. a 35-year-old male patient with myelodysplastic syndrome developed stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia shortly after chemotherapy, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related pyomyositis was encountered after recovery from neutropenia. he recovered completely after surgical drainage and a protracted course of antibiotic treatment. it is postulated that subclinical myopathy, immunosuppression secondary to the malignancy, or chemotherapeutic dru ... | 2003 | 12750843 |
| taxonomic positioning of two biological control agents for plant diseases as lysobacter enzymogenes based on phylogenetic analysis of 16s rdna, fatty acid composition and phenotypic characteristics. | to taxonomically position two bacterial strains conferring biological control activity towards plant diseases. | 2003 | 12752818 |
| role of phosphoglucomutase of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. | a homologue of the algc gene, responsible for the production of a phosphoglucomutase (pgm) associated with lps and alginate biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa, spgm, was cloned from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the spgm gene was shown to encode a bifunctional enzyme with both pgm and phosphomannomutase activities. mutants lacking spgm produced less lps than the spgm(+) parent strain and had a tendency for shorter o polysaccharide chains. no changes in lps chemistry were obvious as a result ... | 2003 | 12761084 |
| infection control recommendations for patients with cystic fibrosis: microbiology, important pathogens, and infection control practices to prevent patient-to-patient transmission. | | 2003 | 12762292 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection related mortality during induction in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | | 2003 | 12764762 |
| stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia as an emerging opportunistic pathogen in association with hiv infection: a 10-year surveillance study. | stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has been increasingly reported as a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, responsible for serious infectious complications in immunocompromised patients. at present very limited information is available concerning its clinical significance in the setting of hiv infection. | 2003 | 12789473 |
| microbial consortia that degrade 2,4-dnt by interspecies metabolism: isolation and characterisation. | two consortia, isolated by selective enrichment from a soil sample of a nitroaromatic-contaminated site, degraded 2,4-dnt as their sole nitrogen source without accumulating one or more detectable intermediates. though originating from the same sample, the optimised consortia had no common members, indicating that selective enrichment resulted in different end points. consortium 1 and consortium 2 contained four and six bacterial species respectively, but both had two members that were able to co ... | 2003 | 12801097 |
| development of a gram-negative selective agar (gnsa) for the detection of gram-negative microflora in sputa in patients with cystic fibrosis. | to develop a selective agar medium to help detect and quantify gram-negative flora in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). | 2003 | 12807467 |
| occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated in haemodialysis water and dialysate of renal units: results of a greek multicentre study. | to evaluate the occurrence, identity and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from municipal water supplies, treated water, and dialysate of all 85 greek haemodialysis centres. | 2003 | 12807469 |
| molecular analysis of bacterial flora associated with chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses. | chronic maxillary sinusitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in which the role of microbial infection remains undefined. bacteria have been isolated from chronically inflamed sinuses; however, their role in the chronicity of inflammation is unknown. the objective of this study was to determine whether bacteria are present in clinical samples from chronic maxillary sinusitis and to assess the diversity of the flora present. washes and/or tissue samples from endoscopic sinus surgery on 11 patie ... | 2003 | 12808082 |
| [continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli from intensive care units in china]. | to investigate the change of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, especially those of enterobacteriaceae isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in china. | 2003 | 12820912 |
| [changes of antimicrobial resistance among nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in china]. | to investigate the antimicrobial resistance among nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units (icus) during the past 7 years in china. | 2003 | 12820914 |
| differences in the permeability of high-flux dialyzer membranes for bacterial pyrogens. | the increasing use of high-flux membranes for hemodialysis has raised concerns that patients dialyzed with these membranes may be at higher risk of being exposed to cytokine-inducing bacterial substances in the dialysate than patients dialyzed with low-flux membranes. we investigated the permeability of various high-flux membranes for both purified e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) as well as for lps derived from stenotrophomonas (sten.) maltophilia. | 2003 | 12834177 |
| clinical role of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. | the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics is currently the most successful strategy to combat a specific resistance mechanism. their broad spectrum of activity originates from the ability of respective inhibitors to inactivate a wide range of beta-lactamases produced by gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic and even acid-fast pathogens. clinical experience confirms their effectiveness in the empirical treatment of respiratory, intra-abdominal, and skin an ... | 2003 | 12834367 |
| [endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: report of a case and review of literature]. | we report a case of a 65 year-old woman with late endocarditis of prosthetic aortic valve and paravalvular abscess by stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which had an acute presentation for the memtionated abscess broken, with fever, bacteremia and congestive heart failure secondary to severity aortic regurgitation. itacute;s a rare cause of endocarditis with only 22 cases descripted in medical literature, the most of them in parenteral drug addict and as complication of cardiac valve replacement. the ... | 2003 | 12848604 |
| highly sensitive determination of ectoine and other compatible solutes by anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. | in saline media prokaryotes compensate for the osmotic pressure of the surrounding medium by producing osmolytes. although these osmolytes or osmoprotectors have quite diverse structures, most of them can be determined by anion-exchange chromatography combined with integrated pulsed amperometric detection. this technique offers the advantages of very high sensitivity and new opportunities to determine ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine-two important osmolytes -after hydrolytic cleavage of the pyrimidi ... | 2003 | 12851735 |
| the differential beta-lactamase activity of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2003 | 12855245 |
| antimicrobial activity and interference of tobramycin and chloramphenicol on bacterial adhesion to intraocular lenses. | the antimicrobial activities of tobramycin and chloramphenicol were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, group a, group b and group g streptococci, klebsiella spp., stenotrophomonas maltophilia and ciprofloxacin-resistant and -susceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as by evaluating interference on adhesion of slime producer strains of s. aureus and p. aeruginosa to intrao ... | 2003 | 12866361 |
| aerobic biodegradation of nonylphenol by cold-adapted bacteria. | three strains capable of mineralizing nonylphenol as sole carbon source were isolated from a sample of contaminated soil and characterized as two pseudomonas spp. and a stenotrophomonas sp. the two pseudomonas spp. expressed characteristics typical of psychrophiles growing optimally of 10 degrees c and capable of growing at 0 degree c. the stenotrophomonas sp. was more likely psychrotrophic because it had an optimal temperature between 14 and 22 degrees c although it was not capable of growing a ... | 2003 | 12882175 |
| evaluation of the bd phoenix automated identification and susceptibility testing system in clinical microbiology laboratory practice. | the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd biosciences, usa) is a new, fully automated system for the rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of performance of the phoenix system in the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 260 gram-negative ( n=174) and gram-positive ( n=86) isolates collected from polish hospitals in recent years. two phoenix panel ... | 2003 | 12884060 |
| bacterial diversity in cases of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients: 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) length heterogeneity pcr and 16s rdna terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling. | the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients stems from repeated bacterial respiratory infections. many bacterial species have been cultured from cf specimens and so are associated with lung disease. despite this, much remains to be determined. in the present study, we characterized without prior cultivation the total bacterial community present in specimens taken from adult cf patients, extracting dna directly from 14 bronchoscopy or sputum samples. bacterial 16 ... | 2003 | 12904354 |
| novel nosocomial infections by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: first reported case from lucknow, north india. | we describe a case of empyema with infected ascites caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which has rarely been reported as pathogenic. the source was determined to a disinfectant solution. the isolate was sensitive to a newer carbapenem-meropenem, and the patient was treated successfully. this case represents a novel dual presentation of a nosocomial infection by the isolate in question. | 2003 | 12904437 |
| efflux as a mechanism of resistance to antimicrobials in pseudomonas aeruginosa and related bacteria: unanswered questions. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen exhibiting innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. this intrinsic multidrug resistance is caused by synergy between a low-permeability outer membrane and expression of a number of broadly-specific multidrug efflux (mex) systems, including mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm. in addition to this intrinsic resistance, these and three additional systems, mexcd-oprj, mexef-oprn and mexjk-oprm promote acquired multidrug resistance as a conse ... | 2003 | 12917802 |
| fimbriae and adherence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to epithelial cells and to abiotic surfaces. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial bacterial pathogen associated with several infectious diseases and opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. these bacteria adhere avidly to medical implants and catheters forming a biofilm that confers natural protection against host immune defences and different antimicrobial agents. the nature of the bacterial surface factors involved in biofilm formation on inert surfaces and in adherence of s. maltophilia to ep ... | 2003 | 12925132 |
| [three cases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia]. | we encountered 3 cases of pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia between january and june 2001. s. maltophilia is resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics including carbapenem. reported studies indicate that excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may induce resistance in this organism. however, our data showed that there was no clear correlation between the amounts of carbapenems used in our hospital and the isolation of the organism. if broad-spectrum antibiotics are ineffective o ... | 2003 | 12931674 |
| neural stem cells: a potential source for remyelination in neuroinflammatory disease. | in multiple sclerosis, the central nervous system is lesioned through invasion of plaque-forming inflammatory cells, primarily contributing to immune attack of myelin and oligodendrocytes. in this report we address the possible activation and differentiation of central nervous system stem cells following such immunological insults in a well-characterized rat model of multiple sclerosis characterised by spinal cord pathology. dye-labeled central nervous system stem cells, residing within the epen ... | 2003 | 12946021 |
| [phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of non fermenting atypical strains recovered from cystic fibrosis patients]. | we used partial 16s rrna gene (16s dna) sequencing for the prospective identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients attending our cystic fibrosis center (hôpital necker-enfants malades), which gave problematic results with conventional phenotypic tests. during 1999, we recovered 1093 isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli from 702 sputum sampled from 148 patients. forty-six of these isolates (27 patients) were not identified satisfactorily in routine lab ... | 2003 | 12948761 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia cannot be detected by pcr in the breath condensate of patients with cystic fibrosis. | the collection of sputum for microbiological examination in young cystic fibrosis patients can be very difficult. however, a knowledge of bacterial flora colonizing the patient's airways is of paramount importance for proper antimicrobial therapy. it is also known that cystic fibrosis patients colonized by pseudomonas species have a poorer prognosis than pseudomonas-negative patients. noninvasive ways of diagnosing airway inflammation that require only minimal cooperation of the patient might yi ... | 2003 | 12950050 |
| partial characterization of chorionic gonadotropin-like binding sites from the bacteria xanthomonas maltophilia. | the gram-negative bacterium, xanthomonas maltophilia, has low- and high-affinity luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (lh/cg)-binding sites, similar to the lh/cg receptor found in mammals. although the low-affinity site binds both lh and human cg (hcg), the high-affinity site is specific for hcg. in the current investigation, these two binding sites were independently isolated from x. maltophilia for further characterization. to isolate functional binding sites, we developed a solubilizati ... | 2003 | 12968064 |
| evidence for dose-dependent effects on plant growth by stenotrophomonas strains from different origins. | to assess the influence of stenotrophomonas on plants, the interaction of 16 stenotrophomonas strains from clinical and environmental sources with strawberry plant seedlings was analysed. | 2003 | 12969277 |
| the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of non-antibiotics and putative inhibitors of efflux pumps on pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. | the anti-microbial activity of six non-antibiotics (one amino-ethylchloride, three phenothiazines, two tricyclic antidepressives) were tested on 20 clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, one clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 attc strains and 14 clinical isolates of staphylococccus aureus, using the plate dilution method. the effects on p. aeruginosa were independent of antibiotic resistance pattern and the species stenotrophomonas maltophilia was found to be the most susceptible ... | 2003 | 13678831 |
| antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative organisms in the intensive care unit. | we review the hospital-acquired gram-negative organisms commonly encountered among patients in the intensive care unit and discuss pertinent surveillance data, resistance mechanisms and patterns, and optimal treatment regimens for these pathogens. | 2003 | 14508155 |
| characterisation of bacterial cultures enriched on the chlorophenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid and 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid. | the aim of this study was to enrich and characterise bacterial consortia from soils around a herbicide production plant through their capability to degrade the herbicides 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (2,4-db) and 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid (mcpb). partial 16s rrna gene sequencing revealed members of the genera stenotrophomonas, brevundimonas, pseudomonas, and ochrobactrum in the 2,4-db- and mcpb-degrading communities. the degradation of 2,4-db and mcpb was facilitated by t ... | 2003 | 14513383 |