| effect of bluetongue virus on reproduction in sheep and cattle. | bluetongue virus (btv) has been shown to be arbortigenic and teratogenic. after transmission of btv under natural and experimental conditions the consequences of vertical transmission in pregnant sheep or cattle are variable. factors that influence reproductive consequences are the stage of gestation, characteristics of the virus, source and concentration of virus inoculum, placentation, season and the method and route of infection. reproductive consequences vary greatly in degree but in general ... | 1985 | 2989925 |
| orbivirus infection of the bovine fetus. | direct inoculation of 85-125 day bovine fetuses with 4 serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) or 1 serotype of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) resulted in either fetal death or teratogenesis. three serotypes of btv, and 1 of ehdv caused a similar cavitating encephalopathy, the severity of which likely reflected gestational age of the fetus at infection. virus-specific antibody was readily detected in precolostral serum samples from all inoculated fetuses that survived until term, whereas ... | 1985 | 2989930 |
| bluetongue virus and embryo transfer in cattle. | embryos recovered nonsurgically from donor cattle infected with bluetongue virus (btv) were transferred to seronegative, uninfected recipients. high titers of btv were found in donor blood at the time of embryo recovery and btv could be isolated from the recovery medium obtained from many of the donors. bluetongue virus was not isolated from the blood of any of the 39 recipients that received embryos from infected donors, and none of these recipients seroconverted within 60 days of transfer. the ... | 1985 | 2989931 |
| seminal shedding of bluetongue virus in experimentally infected bulls. | twenty bulls were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) to study the frequency, duration and pathogenesis of seminal shedding of the virus. btv was isolated from 19 of 181 ejaculates collected from these bulls during the period of viremia, but from none of 79 ejaculates collected after the viremia. three categories of bulls were recognized on the basis of frequency and duration of seminal shedding of btv. virus was never isolated from semen in a majority (13 of 20) of bulls. in another group (5 ... | 1985 | 2989932 |
| unusual observations on a serologically negative bluetongue virus infected bull. | a holstein bull named "regency" born in new york in july 1968, maintained in an artificial insemination (ai) stud for 9 years, unremarkable from the point of view of health history or semen production, was discovered "by accident" to have bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) in his semen. a microscopic study in 1975 and 1977 revealed unusual cytoplasmic vacuoles in the sperm of "regency" prompting us to send semen to a. j. luedke, usda-ars, denver, colorado, usa, to attempt virus isolation. serotype 13 b ... | 1985 | 2989933 |
| culicoides imicola: a bluetongue virus vector in spain and portugal. | | 1985 | 2990083 |
| bluetongue virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus serotypes in northern colombian cattle. | there is recent evidence of bluetongue (bt) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus infection of cattle in the american tropics, including bt group reactive antibody in colombian cattle. these observations prompted a study to determine serologically the specific bt and ehd virus types present, and time of infection and to collect culicoides spp. as potential vectors. a prospective study of bt and ehd virus infection was done on two farms in the colombian department of antioquia. sequentia ... | 1985 | 2991365 |
| a genetic probe for identifying bluetongue virus infections in vivo and in vitro. | we have used a dna copy of segment 3 rna of bluetongue virus serotype 17 (btv-17) to detect sequence homology among the equivalent segments of five u.s.a. btv serotypes (btv-2, btv-10, btv-11, btv-13 and btv-17) as well as 14 other btvs isolated from different endemic areas of the world. both by in situ and northern hybridization all the btv serotypes were found to have rna that reacted with the dna probe. no homology was detected with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1, a related o ... | 1985 | 2991433 |
| complete sequence of bluetongue virus l2 rna that codes for the antigen recognized by neutralizing antibodies. | the complete sequence of the rna which encodes the major outer-shell-neutralizing antigen (vp2) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 was determined from overlapping cdna clones inserted into pbr322. the segment l2 rna was 2,926 base pairs long (1.87 x 10(6) daltons) and had, in one strand, an open reading frame capable of coding for a protein that had a calculated size of 111,122 daltons (956 amino acids) and a +11.5 net charge. the coding strands of both the l2 gene and the group-specific l3 gene of ... | 1985 | 2991598 |
| antibody to bluetongue virus in cattle in ecuador. | | 1985 | 2992138 |
| the coexistence of multiple bluetongue virus electropherotypes in individual cattle during natural infection. | evidence of multiple genotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 11 simultaneously infecting individual cattle was demonstrated in a california sentinel herd naturally infected with two btv serotypes (11 and 17). monitoring of weekly virus isolates by page demonstrated genome segment diversity among btv serotype 11 isolates and an individual bull simultaneously infected with multiple electropherotypes of this serotype. no electrophoretic variations were apparent in btv serotype 17 isolates. the ... | 1985 | 2993481 |
| bluetongue virus-induced encephalopathy in fetal cattle. | | 1985 | 2994276 |
| the clinical susceptibility of sheep to four australian serotypes of bluetongue virus. | | 1985 | 2994620 |
| seasonal survival and expectation of infective life of culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in israel, with implications for bluetongue virus transmission and a comparison of the parous rate in c. imicola from israel and zimbabwe. | | 1985 | 2995671 |
| observations on transplacental infection with bluetongue virus in sheep. | twenty-four ewes were inoculated with 1 of 2 strains of bluetongue virus type 4 at 40, 60, or 80 days of gestation. two ewes aborted, 2 ewes died, and 1 was killed during the experiment, but their fetuses were recovered. at term, 2 mummified fetuses, 4 dead lambs, and 17 clinically healthy lambs were produced by 12 sheep, and the remaining 7 sheep were barren. porencephaly and cerebellar dysgenesis were found in term lambs born to sheep inoculated at 40 and 60 days of gestation. radiographic exa ... | 1985 | 2996388 |
| interferon production and sensitivity of rabbit corneal epithelial and stromal cells. | the induction of interferon and the ability of interferon to induce the antiviral state were studied using rabbit corneal epithelial and stromal cells which were cultured for fewer than five passages. interferon titers in the range of 7000 units/ml were induced in epithelial cell cultures and 76,000 units/ml in stromal cell cultures treated with uv-inactivated bluetongue virus. the interferon induced was stable to ph 2.0 treatment and heating to 56 degrees c for 16 hr. infection of epithelial an ... | 1985 | 2997072 |
| retrospective serological study on bluetongue antibody prevalence in a louisiana herd. | | 1985 | 2997956 |
| bluetongue in exotic sheep in cameroon. | bluetongue virus (btv) was diagnosed in the animal research institute, mankon, bamenda from tissue samples collected from five sheep of exotic breeds which had died of suspected bluetongue in a series of outbreaks between june and october 1982. five serotypes btv 1, 4, 5, 12 and 14 were isolated during the period mentioned. similar disease occurred during june of the following year and btv type 16 was isolated from a spleen sample from a dead sheep. | 1985 | 2997957 |
| prevalence of bluetongue virus and antibodies in ruminants in cameroon. | | 1985 | 2997958 |
| the complete sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 10 segment 3 and its predicted vp3 polypeptide compared with those of btv serotype 17. | the complete sequence of the large rna segment 3 (l3) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10) has been determined from dna copies of the viral rna cloned in the e. coli plasmid pbr322. the l3 viral rna is 2772 nucleotides long with a single open reading frame of 2706 nucleotides. the l3 predicted primary gene product (vp3) is 103 342 daltons and has a net charge at neutral ph of -5. the sequence of the l3 rna species differs by 126 point mutations from that of btv-17 (i.e., 95.5% homology; see ... | 1985 | 2998117 |
| bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in ruminants in georgia: survey by serotest and virologic isolation. | the frequencies of precipitating antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in domestic ruminants and white-tailed deer (wtd) in georgia were 36% and 32%, respectively (n = 2,200). the frequencies of seropositivity to btv and ehdv were high among cattle (47% and 42%, respectively [n = 1,068]) and less so in wtd (36% and 34% [n = 414]). the frequencies among sheep were 34% for btv and 29% for ehdv (n = 286), whereas among goats, seropositivity was 8% for b ... | 1985 | 2998240 |
| experimental infection of culicoides brevitarsis from south-east queensland with three serotypes of bluetongue virus. | laboratory-reared c. brevitarsis (biting midges) were fed on sheep which had been experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype 1 (csiro 156), bluetongue serotype 20 (csiro 19) or bluetongue serotype 21 (csiro 154), or on cattle experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype 20 (csiro 19). approximately 77 000 c. brevitarsis were exposed to sheep and 9000 to cattle. the average percentage feeding on sheep was 54% and on cattle 47%. in attempts to transmit virus by bite 3360 c. brevitarsis w ... | 1985 | 2998313 |
| the isolation from cattle of 2 bluetongue viruses new to australia. | | 1985 | 2998319 |
| detection of viral antigens in bluetongue virus-infected ovine tissues, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. | an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure was developed to detect viral antigens in bluetongue virus (btv)-infected tissues. embryonating chicken eggs were infected with btv serotypes 10, 11, 13, or 17, and the chorioallantoic membranes were subsequently fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) system was used to examine the infected membranes for the presence of viral antigens. sheep antisera raised against btv serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 served as the prima ... | 1985 | 3000230 |
| perinatal bluetongue viral infection in exotic ruminants. | | 1985 | 3001005 |
| immune response of sheep to bluetongue virus: in vitro induced lymphocyte blastogenesis. | sheep were inoculated with 2 ml of 10(7) plaque forming units per ml of purified prototypes of the four united states serotypes (10, 11, 13 and 17) of bluetongue virus. nine weeks following the initial inoculation, a challenge inoculation with homologous virus was done. animals were followed for virus isolation and evidence of cell-mediated immunity by weekly lymphocyte stimulation tests (lst). two dilutions (10 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml) of pure virus from each of the purified serotypes ... | 1985 | 3002001 |
| immunogenicity of bluetongue virus inactivated by gamma irradiation. | the immunogenicity of vaccines prepared from bluetongue viruses inactivated by gamma irradiation was tested by their ability to stimulate the production of neutralizing antibody in mice. antibody titres induced by monovalent and polyvalent vaccines, vaccines prepared from virus produced in mice and cell cultures and vaccines containing virus exposed to six, eight and ten megarads of irradiation indicated that immunogenicity was not adversely affected by the inactivation procedure. the results su ... | 1985 | 3002061 |
| the use of recombinant dna technology for the development of a bluetongue virus subunit vaccine. | the double-stranded rna gene coding for the surface antigen responsible for inducing neutralising antibodies has been isolated, converted to dna, and cloned in the plasmid pbr322. so far, only plasmids containing inserts smaller than the gene have been obtained. possible strategies for the development of a bluetongue virus subunit vaccine are discussed. | 1985 | 3003649 |
| presence of bluetongue virus vectors on rhodes. | | 1986 | 3004009 |
| sequence relationships of united states prototype and wild-type bluetongue virus rna genomes investigated by northern blot hybridization analysis. | the 10 double-stranded rna (dsrna) genome segments of various isolates of bluetongue virus (btv) were separated on a polyacrylamide gel, denatured in naoh, and blotted onto 2-aminophenylthioether paper. blotted dsrna segments were detected, using radioactive probes, a cloned copy of dna 70% fragment of genome segment 7 of btv-17, whole genome btv-17 copy dna, or whole genome btv-17 dsrna. these probes detected sequence diversities in different isolates of btv and these diversities are discussed ... | 1986 | 3004266 |
| virus isolation from semen of bulls serologically positive for bluetongue virus. | isolation of bluetongue virus was attempted from 85 semen samples taken from 3 long-term seropositive bulls and 9 short-term seropositive bulls in an artificial breeding service unit. two types of cell cultures susceptible to bluetongue virus were used for virus isolation. extended sonication, centrifugation of specimens, and treatment of cell cultures with dimethyl sulfoxide and diethylaminoethyl-dextran were used to enhance virus attachment and infection of cell cultures. virus isolation resul ... | 1986 | 3004268 |
| serosurvey for selected pathogens in hunter-killed pronghorns in western nebraska. | exposure of pronghorns (antilocapra americana) in western nebraska in 1983 to selected livestock pathogens was examined by serology and attempted virus isolation. antibodies were present to the agents of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. there were no serologic reactors to brucella, and attempts to isolate the viruses of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease were negative. | 1986 | 3005667 |
| strain-dependent virulence characteristics of bluetongue virus serotype 11. | two strains of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 11, uc-2 and uc-8, were identified by the electrophoretic migration pattern of their genomic rna segments on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. significant differences in virulence of these two viruses could be demonstrated by subcutaneous inoculation of newborn mice. no signs of disease were observed in mice infected with uc-2. mice infected with uc-8 died of a severe necrotizing encephalitis, which resembled lesions in bovine and ovine foetuses i ... | 1986 | 3007664 |
| genetic stability in calves of a single strain of bluetongue virus. | newborn calves were inoculated iv with highly plaque-purified bluetongue virus (btv), serotype 10. the electrophoretic migration patterns of rna segments and proteins of viruses isolated from calves at intervals after inoculation were compared. in addition, sera collected from calves at intervals after inoculation were compared for their abilities to neutralize several virus isolates from the same calf. viremia persisted in calves for up to 56 days. differences were not detected in the electroph ... | 1986 | 3008608 |
| nucleotide sequence of cdna clones encoding the outer capsid protein, vp5, of bluetongue virus serotype 10. | the complete sequence of the rna segment that codes for a major outer capsid protein (vp5) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 has been determined from overlapping cdna clones inserted into pbr322. the segment 5 rna of the virus (m5 rna) is deduced to be 1638 base pairs long (1.05 x 10(6) daltons) and has an open reading frame in one strand capable of coding for a protein with a calculated size of 59 163 daltons (526 amino acids) and a net charge of -4.5 at neutral ph. | 1986 | 3009695 |
| peptide mapping of the group-specific antigens from the australian bluetongue virus (btv-20) and serotypes from southern africa and north america. | the australian bluetongue virus (btv-20) was compared with six serotypes isolated in southern africa and north america by peptide mapping of the virus proteins with group antigen properties. the p7 group antigens from each of the seven serotypes analysed did not have identical primary structures and a comparison of shared and unique tryptic peptides has been used as a means of estimating virus relationships. whereas serological studies have suggested that btv-20 is closely related to btv serotyp ... | 1986 | 3010546 |
| application of bioengineering to disease diagnosis. | traditional approaches to diagnosing disease include clinical observations, pathological changes in tissues, and searches for the etiology, by isolation, or identification of microorganisms, or by serological methods. development of techniques for studying the molecular biology of microorganisms, manipulation of cellular systems, and improved immunoassays have contributed to better diagnostic technology. recombinant dna technology has made it possible to apply highly specific probes consisting o ... | 1986 | 3010934 |
| experimental bluetongue virus infection of sheep; effect of previous vaccination: clinical and immunologic studies. | clinical and immunologic responses of sheep to vaccination and subsequent bluetongue virus (btv) challenge exposure were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated sheep. sheep were vaccinated with inactivated btv administered with aluminum hydroxide and cimetidine or levamisole. after sheep were vaccinated, precipitating group-specific antibodies to btv were detected, but serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies were not detected. cellular immune responses (lymphocyte blastogenesis) to ... | 1986 | 3014926 |
| experimental bluetongue virus infection of sheep; effect of vaccination: pathologic, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural studies. | ten sheep were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17. six of the sheep had been vaccinated before challenge exposure, 4 sheep served as nonvaccinated challenge-exposed controls, and 2 additional sheep served as nonvaccinated, nonchallenge-exposed, contact controls. biopsy specimens (oral labial mucosa and skin) were obtained periodically after challenge exposure. sheep were killed 8 to 13 days after challenge exposure, and necropsy was done. vaccination did not seem to affect the na ... | 1986 | 3014927 |
| recovery of bluetongue virus serogroup from sera collected for a serological survey from apparently healthy cattle, from the sudan. | virus of the bluetongue (bt) serogroup was recovered from 11% of cattle sera collected from apparently healthy animals in khartoum province for the sole purpose of screening for bt antibodies. since these sera did not contain bt antibodies, the donor cattle could have been scored as bt free in the serological survey. virus was initially isolated in chicken embryos inoculated intravascularly, and was further adapted to vero cell cultures. isolates were identified as belonging to the bt serogroup ... | 1986 | 3016079 |
| serial inoculation of sheep with two bluetongue virus types. | groups of sheep inoculated with bluetongue virus type 4 were challenged at various intervals after inoculation (from seven to 70 days) with bluetongue virus type 3. examination of the clinical and serological response showed that animals were protected from challenge with a second bluetongue virus for up to 14 days after the inoculation of the first virus type. an adoptive transfer experiment in monozygotic sheep involving both antibody and t lymphocytes was carried out. only partial protection ... | 1986 | 3016851 |
| isolation of bluetongue virus from sheep in india. | | 1986 | 3018987 |
| multiple bluetongue virus-cloned genetic probes: application to diagnostics and bluetongue virus genetic relationships. | a shotgun-cloning method incorporating all 10 bluetongue virus genome segments can simultaneously produce complete and partial copies of any of the genome segments. we report here 4 different cloned probes derived from 3 genome segments and individually defined by different hybridization recognition capabilities. one probe hybridized strongly with all 5 united states prototype strains of the 5 different bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes existing in the united states and, as such, is a strong cand ... | 1986 | 3019191 |
| attempts to establish congenital bluetongue virus infections in calves. | three bovine fetuses were inoculated in utero with approximately 10(3) plaque forming units of type 11 bluetongue virus. the gestational ages of the fetuses at the time of inoculation were 106, 113 and 122 days. they were spontaneously aborted 104, 65 and 109 days later, respectively, and the first and third of these fetuses were recovered. there was no grossly normal cerebral tissue, the meninges formed fluid filled sacs, and the cerebellums were reduced in size. bluetongue virus was not isolat ... | 1986 | 3019500 |
| production and purification of bovine interferon beta. | | 1986 | 3020347 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone of rna segment 10 of bluetongue virus (serotype 10). | the complete sequence of the double-stranded rna segment that codes for a non-structural protein (p8) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 has been determined from a cdna clone inserted into the plasmid pbr322. the segment 10 rna of the virus (s10 rna) is deduced to be 822 base pairs long (0.5 x 10(6) daltons) and has an open reading frame in one strand capable of coding for a protein with a calculated size of 25,572 daltons (229 amino acids) and a net charge of +5.5 at neutral ph. | 1986 | 3025349 |
| preliminary survey for antibodies to bluetongue virus in indonesian ruminants. | | 1986 | 3027948 |
| the comparative virogenesis of three serotypes of bluetongue virus in culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | | 1987 | 3029373 |
| analysis of mixed infection of sheep with bluetongue virus serotypes 10 and 17: evidence for genetic reassortment in the vertebrate host. | two seronegative sheep were infected intravenously with 10(9) pfu each of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10 and btv serotype 17. one animal experienced a mild bluetongue-like disease, and both experienced a short-duration viremia and developed neutralizing immune responses to both virus serotypes. progeny virus was isolated from venous blood from each animal by using conditions in which reassortment could not have occurred during isolation. electropherotypes were determined for the progeny viru ... | 1987 | 3029402 |
| diseases of wapiti utilizing cattle range in southwestern alberta. | specimens from 28 wapiti (cervus elaphus canadensis) were collected by hunters in southwestern alberta in 1984. various tests were performed to detect infections and conditions that could affect cattle sharing the range or cause disease in wapiti. serum antibodies were present against leptospiral serovars autumnalis (25%), bratislava (4%), and icterohaemorrhagiae (8%), and the viruses of bovine virus diarrhea (52%), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (45%), and parainfluenza type 3 (13%). no sero ... | 1987 | 3029443 |
| virulence of bluetongue virus for british sheep. | a south african isolate of bluetongue virus type 3 was inoculated intradermally into three different breeds of british sheep under conditions designed to test its virulence in animals under stress. all animals inoculated developed a pyrexia and viraemia followed by clinical evidence of bluetongue disease. marked alterations in serum enzyme levels, in particular of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase occurred in the more severely affected animals. nine out of the 12 inocula ... | 1987 | 3029846 |
| association of bluetongue virus with the cytoskeleton. | analysis of the distribution of [35s]methionine-labeled virus proteins following lysis of bluetongue virus (btv)-infected cells with nonionic detergents showed that a major proportion of the virus-specific proteins was located in the insoluble nuclear-cytoskeletal fraction. neither the proportion nor the species of virus protein associated with the cytoskeleton was altered following treatment of infected cells with microtubule or microfilament disrupting drugs (colchicine and cytochalasin b, res ... | 1987 | 3029951 |
| isolation of a capsid protein of bluetongue virus that induces a protective immune response in sheep. | a method to purify the neutralization specific antigen of bluetongue virus p2 in large amounts has been developed. the purified protein is free from virus-specified or cellular contaminants and its immunological specificity has been preserved. the purification is based on the observation that protein p2 can be dissociated from the virion by treatment with monovalent or divalent salts. the salt concentration required to solubilize the outer capsid proteins is ph dependent and in general decreases ... | 1987 | 3029956 |
| uncoating of parental bluetongue virus to core and subcore particles in infected l cells. | a study was made of the fate of parental bluetongue virus (btv) in infected cells. within the first hour after infection, the btv particles are converted to core particles with the loss of major capsid polypeptides p2 and p5. the particles are able to synthesize mrna in vitro in a transcription reaction characterized by a temperature-dependent inhibition at high core concentrations. from about 6 hr after infection a second uncoating event is observed in which the 470 s core particles are convert ... | 1987 | 3029957 |
| purification and properties of virus particles, infectious subviral particles, and cores of bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4. | effective purification methods have been developed for virus particles, infectious subviral particles (isvp), and virus cores of bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes 1 and 4. the purified particles were analysed by indirect elisa or page using either silver staining, or fluorography of [35s]methionine-labelled preparations. no significant contamination with host cell proteins, or with the majority of btv nonstructural proteins was detectable in any of the particle preparations. in addition to the tw ... | 1987 | 3029978 |
| production and characterization of the neutralization antigen vp2 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 using a baculovirus expression vector. | dna representing rna segment 2 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10, corresponding to the gene that codes for the btv neutralization antigen vp2, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviru ... | 1987 | 3029984 |
| detection of bluetongue virus (btv) antigen. | | 1987 | 3034202 |
| the isolation of a bluetongue serotype new to australia. | | 1987 | 3034224 |
| expression of bluetongue virus group-specific antigen vp3 in insect cells by a baculovirus vector: its use for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies. | dna representing rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17, corresponding to the gene that codes for a group-specific antigen vp3, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviruses we ... | 1987 | 3035063 |
| transmission and in vitro excretion of bluetongue virus serotype 1 by inoculated culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | | 1987 | 3035181 |
| genetic reassortants for identification of the genome segment coding for the bluetongue virus hemagglutinin. | two bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes isolated in australia and two selected reassortants derived from cells coinfected with these viruses have been used to identify the gene coding for the virus hemagglutinin. the parent viruses had characteristic hemagglutination patterns: btv type 20 agglutinated sheep erythrocytes only; and btv type 21 agglutinated sheep, bovine, human, and goose erythrocytes. analysis of the two virus clones that had reassorted in genes coding for the outer capsid polypeptid ... | 1987 | 3035228 |
| parasites, diseases and health status of sympatric populations of sambar deer and white-tailed deer in florida. | from december 1983 to december 1984 a study on parasites, diseases and health status was conducted on sympatric populations of sambar deer (cervus unicolor) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from st. vincent island, franklin county, florida. ten sambar and six white-tailed deer were examined. white-tailed deer had antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus. serologic tests for antibodies to the etiologic agents of bovine virus diarrhea, infectious bovine ... | 1987 | 3035242 |
| the genetic relatedness of united states prototype bluetongue viruses by rna/rna hybridization. | the genetic relatedness of the prototype bluetongue viruses isolated in the united states was examined by rna/rna hybridization. genomic dsrnas of bluetongue viruses were separated by either sds-page or nusieve agarose gel electrophoresis and were blotted by both standard northern technique and the recently developed rapid alkali-blotting method of li, kowalik, and parker (submitted for publication) to positively charged nylon membranes. the blotted rna was then probed with 3'-end-labeled dsrna ... | 1987 | 3035784 |
| a comparison of different cloned bluetongue virus genome segments as probes for the detection of virus-specified rna. | the seven largest double-stranded (ds) rna genome segments of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 4 as well as genome segment 8 of btv10 have been cloned into pbr322. the length of the cloned genes indicates that, with the exception of genome segment 1, the entire gene has been cloned in each case. a method is described for isolating different sized cdna transcripts on alkaline sucrose gradients with very good recovery. the eight cloned genes were compared as 32p-labeled probes for the detection of ... | 1987 | 3035788 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 1 rna3 and a comparison with other geographic serotypes from australia, south africa and the united states of america, and with other orbivirus isolates. | the sequence of the rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 1 from australia is presented along with its deduced amino acid sequence. dna copies of this genome segment were inserted either into the e. coli plasmid pbr322 by homopolymeric tailing or by direct insertion of double-stranded dna fragments generated by restriction endonuclease cleavage into the appropriate m13 bacteriophage vectors (vieira, j. and messing, j., 1982, gene 19, 259-268). direct comparisons were made to the nucle ... | 1987 | 3035818 |
| experimental infection of bulls and cows with bluetongue virus serotype 20. | bluetongue virus serotype 20 (btv20) was inoculated intradermally and subcutaneously in 4 bulls and by the intrauterine route in 8 nulliparous cows after insemination at oestrus. viraemia was detected intermittently between 8 and 21 days after inoculation. virus was isolated from tissue samples of 2 cows and a bull after slaughter at 14 days and from one bull at 28 days. group reactive and type specific antibodies to btv20 were demonstrated from 17 to 27 days after infection. no antibodies were ... | 1987 | 3036056 |
| bluetongue virus serotype 20: experimental infection of pregnant heifers. | three groups of 4 cows at 84 to 95 days, 100 to 160 days, and 170 to 180 days pregnant were inoculated both intradermally and subcutaneously with bluetongue virus serotype 20 (btv20). clinical observations and the viraemic and serological responses of the cows were followed for 9 to 17 weeks after inoculation. viraemia developed in 9 of the 12 cows and was first detected 4 to 9 days after inoculation. viraemia was detected for 4 to 21 days and in some animals only intermittently. the titre of th ... | 1987 | 3036057 |
| variation in the responses of culicoides variipennis (diptera, ceratopogonidae) to oral infection with bluetongue virus. | the infection rate of an established colony of culicoides variipennis to oral infection with bluetongue virus (btv) type 4 was found to be highly variable and ranged from 0 to 51.6 per cent. this type of wide variation has previously only been reported to occur between individual populations of a species and not between samples from a single population. this must be taken into account when such colonies are used as reference standards for interpretation of field and laboratory data, particularly ... | 1987 | 3038052 |
| genome segment reassortment between two serotypes of bluetongue virus in a natural host. | the occurrence of genome segment reassortment between two antigenically related orbiviruses was demonstrated in cattle. individual virus clones were isolated by cell culture plaque assays directly from the blood of a calf infected with two serotypes of bluetongue virus. the majority (89%) of progeny viruses isolated from the calf represented reassortant viruses. a minimum of six genome segments participated in reassortment, with 16 unique reassortant constellations being identified. such genome ... | 1987 | 3039160 |
| immunobiology of bluetongue virus. | following btv infection or vaccination, sheep develop both anti-virus antibody (which may include neutralizing antibody) and a cellular immune response. yet, it still is unclear what aspects of the response are most critical in preventing infection and disease from this virus. this is, in part, the result of a lack of knowledge of all of the viral virulence factors. however, with the current work involving subunit vaccines and the efforts to more carefully characterize virulence factors and tiss ... | 1987 | 3039718 |
| rapid alkaline blot-transfer of viral dsrnas. | the double-stranded genomic rnas of reovirus and bluetongue virus can be transferred very efficiently from either sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels or nusieve agarose gels onto several nylon membranes. after a brief acid depurination treatment, viral dsrnas from the gels are transferred at room temperature using 0.2 n naoh as the transfer medium. four blots can be obtained within 1 h and each blot contains 15-20% of the input rna sample. these blots can be used immediately without bakin ... | 1987 | 3039868 |
| malpais spring virus: a new vesiculovirus from mosquitoes collected in new mexico and evidence of infected indigenous and exotic ungulates. | two virus isolates, 1 each from aedes campestris and psorophora signipennis mosquitoes collected in south central new mexico in august 1985, were shown by neutralization tests to be identical to each other, but not to any of more than 250 arthropod-borne and other viruses. electron microscopy of 1 isolate (85-488nm, chosen as the prototype) indicated that this strain shares morphologic characteristics with viruses of the family rhabdoviridae. indirect fluorescent antibody tests indicated that th ... | 1988 | 3061310 |
| pox viruses as eukaryotic cloning and expression vectors: future medical and veterinary vaccines. | it was proposed at the beginning of this article that the use of poxviruses as expression vectors provided a means of optimizing the conditions and prerequisites of vaccination and of elucidating a number of the associated problems. these advantages will now be summarized. vaccinia virus recombinants carrying one or more multiple foreign genes have been shown to induce a sufficient immune response to that antigen in laboratory animals to protect against subsequent challenge by the infectious age ... | 1988 | 3078866 |
| arboviruses recovered from sentinel livestock in northern australia. | over 700 arboviruses were recovered between 1981 and 1987 from the blood of sentinel livestock near darwin. twenty-three isolates were made from sheep, goats, swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and horses, and the remainder were from cattle. the isolates have been typed as 27 separate viruses belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, palyam, simbu, bovine ephemeral fever, tibrogargan and alphavirus groups. ten of these viruses have not been isolated elsewhere in australia and fou ... | 1988 | 3218073 |
| arboviruses recovered from sentinel cattle using several virus isolation methods. | a group of 20 sentinel steers was bled weekly for 5 months in 1986 and the blood samples were examined for arboviruses by inoculation firstly into embryonated chicken eggs (ece), baby mice, aedes albopictus cells and bhk21 monolayers. a second group of cattle was similarly examined for virus in 1987, except that baby mice were not used. viruses were recovered from 26% of the 878 weekly bleeds. the viruses identified consisted of 14 types belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic diseas ... | 1988 | 3218074 |
| congenital defects of the bovine central nervous system. | congenital brain defects in cattle are usually obvious at birth, but detection may depend on the nature and extent of the defect. the cause may be genetic or environmental, or the cause may be unknown. many central nervous system defects are inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait and may have a significant economic impact on purebred and commercial cattle operations. a common structural defect of genetic nature is internal hydrocephalus. a functional defect of simple autosomal recessive ... | 1987 | 3552149 |
| isolation and characterization of orbivirus genotypic variants. | orbivirus variants containing either rna deletions or concatemeric rnas have been isolated. a variant of ibaraki virus (a member of the epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer serogroup) contained an rna 9 segment which had terminal sequences identical to rna 9 of wild type virus but was approximately 140 base pairs (bp) shorter. in vitro translation showed that whereas rna 9 of wild type virus generated the minor structural protein vp6 (molecular weight 38 k), the variant rna 9 coded for a 32 k p ... | 1987 | 3564676 |
| in vitro immune serum-mediated protection of pig monocytes against african swine fever virus. | serum samples from pigs that had recovered from infection with a dominican republic isolate of african swine fever virus (asfv) were mixed with dilutions of the virus, then assayed in microcultures of normal pig mononuclear leukocytes to determine whether the samples contained antibodies that protected monocytes against the virus. protection was determined by the difference in titer (log10) between virus mixed with healthy pig serum and virus mixed with immune pig serum, using 50% cytopathogenic ... | 1987 | 3631688 |
| serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos). | sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ... | 1987 | 3826854 |
| survey of desert bighorn sheep in california for exposure to selected infectious diseases. | from february 1983 to june 1985, 188 desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni, = 161 and oc cremnobates, = 27) from 18 herds in 17 mountain ranges and one captive herd were caught, marked, and had blood, fecal, and nasal mucus samples collected. nasal swab specimens were cultured bacteriologically and virologically specifically for parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus. bacterial flora differed from herd to herd. pathogenic pneumophilic bacteria (eg, pasteurella sp) seldom were found. parainfluenza- ... | 1985 | 3878356 |
| parasites, diseases, and health status of sympatric populations of fallow deer and white-tailed deer in kentucky. | in august 1983, a study on parasites, diseases, and health status was conducted on sympatric populations of fallow deer (dama dama) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from land between the lakes, lyon and trigg counties, kentucky. five adult deer of each species were studied. white-tailed deer had antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus and leptospira interogans serovariety icterohemorrhagiae, and fallow deer had antibodies to bluetongue and ehd viruses. serologic tes ... | 1985 | 3999248 |
| an overview of culicoides control. | although most of the research on ceratopogonid control has been directed at these biting flies as human pests, sufficient information is available to indicate the value of certain techniques in the suppression or control of bluetongue (bt) through culicoides control. in areas where there is a limited number of larval development sites, larviciding or sanitation can be practiced by individual farmers or ranchers or by a small group of contiguous landowners. where larval sites are more numerous or ... | 1985 | 4011618 |
| structure of the bluetongue virus capsid. | seven polypeptides were found to be present in the capsid of the bluetongue virus (btv), four of which are major and three are minor components. this number and size distribution is the same as that found in reovirus, which has a similar segmented, double-stranded ribonucleic acid genome. in both viruses an excellent correlation is found between the molecular weights of certain genome segments and those of the polypeptides, suggesting a direct coding relationship between them. careful comparison ... | 1972 | 4117349 |
| studies on the topography of reovirus and bluetongue virus capsid proteins. | protein labeling experiments confirm the surface location of proteins 2 and 5 in bluetongue virus, and proteins sigma3 and mu2 in reovirus. lambda 2 is the major surface component of the reovirus core, and proteins 1, 3, and 4 appear to be the outer components of the bluetongue virus subviral particle. | 1973 | 4125159 |
| a study of australian arboviruses resembling bluetongue virus. | | 1971 | 4130229 |
| molecular hybridization studies on the relationships between different serotypes of bluetongue virus and on the difference between the virulent and attenuated strains of the same serotype. | | 1973 | 4132922 |
| serologic characterization of selected bluetongue virus strains from the united states. | | 1973 | 4143490 |
| observations on a strain of bluetongue virus by electron microscopy. | | 1966 | 4165343 |
| some morphological features of bluetongue virus. | | 1970 | 4194857 |
| preliminary bluetongue transmission with the sheep ked melophagus ovinus (l.). | five experiments indicated that the sheep ked melophagus ovinus (l.), can transmit bluetongue virus (btv) in sheep. it was not determined whether these were mechanical or biological transmissions, although the results suggested mechanical transmission. sheep keds were manually transferred from a btv-host sheep to 18 susceptible test sheep. of these, 10 were positive (5 with mild reactions), 6 questionable, and 2 negative for btv. three of the mildly reacting sheep and 3 of the questionable sheep ... | 1965 | 4221988 |
| studies on bluetongue. iv. studies of three strains in primary bovine foetal kidney cell cultures. | three different strains of bluetongue virus were adapted to grow in primary bovine foetal kidney cell cultures. the cytopathic effects observed from the three strains were similar, and were characterized by shrinkage of cells and increased granularity. the specificity of the changes was confirmed by the fluorescent antibody technique. no significant immunological cross-reaction was detected by serum-virus neutralization tests from the strains studied. | 1967 | 4227046 |
| studies on bluetongue. v. detection of the virus in infected materials by immunofluorescence. | the fluorescent-antibody technique was employed for the detection of bluetongue virus in bovine foetal kidney cell cultures inoculated with tissues and blood from experimentally infected animals. in the first series, a total number of 79 inoculated suckling-mouse brains were examined, 36 as frozen sections alone and 43 as impression slides in conjunction with tissue culture inoculation of the same material. with the combined tissue culture immunofluorescent methods, 36 suspicious were detected b ... | 1967 | 4227047 |
| studies on bluetongue. vi. animal transmission studies. | the cyprus strain of bluetongue virus was successfully transmitted through six passages and the station strain through one passage in calves. although the animals developed no visible evidence of infection, viremia as shown by both passage and fluorescent antibody examination of infected foetal bovine kidney culture, and by serological conversion was nevertheless demonstrated. no enhancement of virulence for calves or sheep was shown following bovine passage. a ewe inoculated in late pregnancy w ... | 1967 | 4227048 |
| a comparison of bluetongue virus and ehd virus: electronmicroscopy and serology. | bluetongue virus, bt(8), and the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) of deer, nj-55, were plaque purified and compared electronmicroscopically and serologically. the latter included a plaque reduction neutralization test, the agar gel precipitin test, and the complement fixation test. the viruses were indistinguishable morphologically, but antigenically different. a plaquing technique was described for ehd virus. | 1971 | 4251410 |
| an improved method for the isolation and identification of bluetongue virus by intravenous inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs. | | 1968 | 4300798 |
| immunodiffusion of bluetongue virus. | | 1969 | 4302278 |
| purification and characterization of bluetongue virus. | | 1969 | 4306588 |
| morphology of bluetongue virus. | | 1969 | 4306589 |
| pathologic changes in placentas of ewes inoculated with bluetongue virus. | | 1969 | 4307344 |
| ibaraki virus, an agent of epizootic disease of cattle resembling bluetongue. i. epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic observations and experimental transmission to calves. | | 1969 | 4309396 |