| diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005). | to document the application of diagnostics and treatments at one rehabilitation facility over 10 years and their effects on recovery and post-release survival of 88 koalas treated for chlamydiosis, and to highlight associated wildlife care issues with potential significance to animal welfare and disease ecology. | 2012 | 23106328 |
| historically low mitochondrial dna diversity in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal marsupial that was historically widespread across eastern australia until the end of the 19th century when it suffered a steep population decline. hunting for the fur trade, habitat conversion, and disease contributed to a precipitous reduction in koala population size during the late 1800s and early 1900s. to examine the effects of these reductions in population size on koala genetic diversity, we sequenced part of the hypervariable region of mi ... | 2012 | 23095716 |
| a koala is not a bear... | | 2012 | 22108022 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) rehabilitation at primary health-care centres - the koala project. | implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation in primary health care in denmark is a new challenge in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2012 | 22081963 |
| characterisation of four major histocompatibility complex class ii genes of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules have an integral role in the adaptive immune response, as they bind and present antigenic peptides to t helper lymphocytes. in this study of koalas, species-specific primers were designed to amplify exon 2 of the mhc class ii da and db genes, which contain much of the peptide-binding regions of the α and β chains. a total of two da α1 domain variants and eight da β1 (dab), three db α1 and five db β1 variants were amplified from 20 koalas ... | 2013 | 23089959 |
| osmotic stress and cryoinjury of koala sperm: an integrative study of the plasma membrane, chromatin stability and mitochondrial function. | this study investigated whether cryopreservation-induced injury to koala spermatozoa could be explained using an experimental model that mimics the structural and physiological effects of osmotic flux. dna labelling after in situ nick translation of thawed cryopreserved spermatozoa revealed a positive correlation (r=0.573; p<0.001; n=50) between the area of relaxed chromatin in the nucleus and the degree of nucleotide labelling. while the chromatin of some spermatozoa increased more than eight t ... | 2012 | 22499893 |
| pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol following administration of intravenous and subcutaneous chloramphenicol sodium succinate, and subcutaneous chloramphenicol, to koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | clinically normal koalas (n = 19) received a single dose of intravenous (i.v.) chloramphenicol sodium succinate (ss) (25 mg/kg; n = 6), subcutaneous (s.c.) chloramphenicol ss (60 mg/kg; n = 7) or s.c. chloramphenicol base (60 mg/kg; n = 6). serial plasma samples were collected over 24-48 h, and chloramphenicol concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. the median (range) apparent clearance (cl/f) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of chloramphe ... | 2013 | 23157306 |
| masticatory motor programs in australian herbivorous mammals: diprotodontia. | movement of the jaw during molar occlusion is determined by the sequence of activity in the adductor muscles and this sequence is one way to define a masticatory motor program. based on the similarity of molar structure, it is probable that the american opossum and the early tertiary mammals that gave rise to all australian marsupials probably shared a common "primitive" masticatory motor program. the distinct and various patterns of movement of the jaw in the major groups of australian marsupia ... | 2011 | 21700567 |
| kumar versus olsen cannulation technique for intraoperative cholangiography: a randomized trial. | there is resistance to routine intraoperative cholangiography (ioc) during cholecystectomy because it prolongs surgery and may be experienced as cumbersome. an alternative instrument may help to reduce these drawbacks and lower the threshold for ioc. this trial compared the kumar cannulation technique to the more commonly used olsen clamp for ioc (koala trial; dutch trial register ntr2582). | 2013 | 23052518 |
| heterogeneity of koala retrovirus isolates. | koala retrovirus (korv) is a gammaretrovirus which may induce immune suppression, leukemia and lymphoma in koalas. currently three korv subgroups (a, b, and j) have been reported. our phylogenetic analysis suggests that korv-b and korv-j should be classified as the same subgroup. in long terminal repeat (ltr), a korv-b isolate has four 17 bp tandem repeats named direct repeat (dr)-1, while a korv-j isolate (strain oj-4) has three 37 bp tandem repeats named dr-2. we also found that the promoter a ... | 2014 | 24239536 |
| fundamental movement skills and self-concept of children who are overweight. | differences in fundamental movement skills and self-perceptions of physical ability and physical appearance of overweight and non-overweight children were investigated. | 2011 | 21627397 |
| maternal and child's vitamin d supplement use and vitamin d level in relation to childhood lung function: the koala birth cohort study. | vitamin d is associated with lung function in adults, but its relation with childhood lung function is still unclear. | 2011 | 21422038 |
| association between parenting practices and children's dietary intake, activity behavior and development of body mass index: the koala birth cohort study. | insights into the effects of energy balance-related parenting practices on children's diet and activity behavior at an early age is warranted to determine which practices should be recommended and to whom. the purpose of this study was to examine child and parent background correlates of energy balance-related parenting practices at age 5, as well as the associations of these practices with children's diet, activity behavior, and body mass index (bmi) development. | 2011 | 21401954 |
| maternal fatty acid status in pregnancy and childhood atopic manifestations: koala birth cohort study. | prevalence of atopic disorders has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory fatty acid status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. | 2011 | 21255139 |
| the effect of misoprostol on postpartum contractions: a randomised comparison of three sublingual doses. | to compare the postpartum uterine activity and side effects of various doses of sublingual misoprostol and intramuscular oxytocin. | 2011 | 21199290 |
| activity patterns of free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) revealed by accelerometry. | an understanding of koala activity patterns is important for measuring the behavioral response of this species to environmental change, but to date has been limited by the logistical challenges of traditional field methodologies. we addressed this knowledge gap by using tri-axial accelerometer data loggers attached to vhf radio collars to examine activity patterns of adult male and female koalas in a high-density population at cape otway, victoria, australia. data were obtained from 27 adult koa ... | 2013 | 24224050 |
| evaluation of enrofloxacin use in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) via population pharmacokinetics and monte carlo simulation. | clinically normal koalas (n = 6) received a single dose of intravenous enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg). serial plasma samples were collected over 24 h, and enrofloxacin concentrations were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed in s-adapt. the probability of target attainment (pta) was predicted via monte carlo simulations (mcs) using relevant target values (30-300) based on the unbound area under the curve over 24 h divided by the minimu ... | 2014 | 24219009 |
| a testing time for koalas. | | 2013 | 23041178 |
| estimating the active space of male koala bellows: propagation of cues to size and identity in a eucalyptus forest. | examining how increasing distance affects the information content of vocal signals is fundamental for determining the active space of a given species' vocal communication system. in the current study we played back male koala bellows in a eucalyptus forest to determine the extent that individual classification of male koala bellows becomes less accurate over distance, and also to quantify how individually distinctive acoustic features of bellows and size-related information degrade over distance ... | 2012 | 23028996 |
| timing of infection and development of wheeze, eczema, and atopic sensitization during the first 2 yr of life: the koala birth cohort study. | to investigate if infections in pregnancy and very early in life present a risk for wheezing, eczema, or atopic sensitization in later infancy. a total of 2319 children enrolled before birth in the koala birth cohort study were followed during their first 2 yr of life using repeated questionnaires. information was obtained on common colds, fever, and diarrhea with fever as well as on wheeze and eczema at ages 3 and 7 months and 1 and 2 yr, respectively. blood samples were collected from 786 chil ... | 2010 | 20718929 |
| prevalence of koala retrovirus in geographically diverse populations in australia. | to determine the prevalence of koala retrovirus (korv) in selected koala populations and to estimate proviral copy number in a subset of koalas. | 2012 | 23004234 |
| the "koala stress syndrome" and adrenal responsiveness in the critically ill. | | 2010 | 20665003 |
| microscopy of the koala mandibular (submandibular) glands. | koala mandibular (submandibular) glands are compound tubuloacinar glands, the secretory units of which consist only of serous cells. intercellular canaliculi occur between the serous cells, which are continuous with a minute lumen that courses through the centre of each secretory unit. intercalated ducts are abundant and join striated ducts, the latter being characterized by elaborate basolateral infoldings of the plasmalemma. secretory granules within the serous cells fail to stain with either ... | 2010 | 20645955 |
| the effect of acth upon faecal glucocorticoid excretion in the koala. | environmental changes result in physiological responses of organisms, which can adversely affect population dynamics and reduce resistance to disease. these changes are expressed in chronic levels of stress. the measurement of glucocorticoid (gc) concentrations in faeces is a non-invasive method for monitoring stress in wildlife. the metabolism and excretion of steroids differ significantly between species and, as a consequence, non-invasive methods must be physiologically validated for each spe ... | 2013 | 23838520 |
| an odontometric study of the maxillary molars in australian marsupials. i. the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | crown dimensions of the maxillary molars were measured in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). there were no significant differences in crown diameters between the first and second molars, however the fourth molars were reduced in all crown diameters. the third molar was smaller than the first or second molars in buccolingual crown diameters but there were no significant differences in mesiodistal crown diameters. it is proposed that the similar shapes of the first and second molars are associate ... | 2010 | 20560450 |
| child-care use and the association with body mass index and overweight in children from 7 months to 2 years of age. | studies regarding the association of child-care use with body mass index (bmi), overweight or obesity development show contradictory results. this study examined the relationship between child-care use and bmi z-scores and overweight, as well as associates of child-care use in children up to 2 years old. | 2010 | 20498654 |
| identification of a novel subgroup of koala retrovirus from koalas in japanese zoos. | we identified a new subgroup of koala retrovirus (korv), named korv-j, which utilizes thiamine transport protein 1 as a receptor instead of the pit-1 receptor used by korv (korv-a). by subgroup-specific pcr, korv-j and korv-a were detected in 67.5 and 100% of koalas originating from koalas from northern australia, respectively. altogether, our results indicate that the invasion of the koala population by korv-j may have occurred more recently than invasion by korv-a. | 2013 | 23824806 |
| serum vitamin d levels in free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | due to climatic conditions in northern america and europe, koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) are often housed indoors. koala joeys raised in these environments are susceptible to the development of metabolic bone disease due to a lack of exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation to themselves and their dam. as an initial step toward describing vitamin d sufficiency and adequately measuring responses to supplementation, vitamin d values were calculated by using serum collected from 20 free-ranging ko ... | 2013 | 23805571 |
| society for integrative and comparative biology, 3-7 january 2010, seattle, washington. koalas calling. | | 2010 | 20150464 |
| tlr-related pathway analysis: novel gene-gene interactions in the development of asthma and atopy. | the toll-like receptor (tlr)-related pathway is important in host defence and may be crucial in the development of asthma and atopy. numerous studies have shown associations of tlr-related pathway genes with asthma and atopy phenotypes. so far it has not been investigated whether gene-gene interactions in this pathway contribute to atopy and asthma development. | 2010 | 19968634 |
| shoulder dysplasia in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) at san diego zoo. | a radiographic study documented shoulder dysplasia (n = 43), with varying degrees of malformation of the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles and the coracoid process, shallowing or loss of the glenoid cavity, flattening or loss of the humeral head, malformation of the greater and lesser tubercles, loss of the intertubercle groove, and humeral diaphyseal abnormalities, in northern koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in the san diego zoo (san diego, california, usa) colony. retrospectively, histor ... | 2009 | 19746859 |
| late onset cerebellar cortical degeneration in a koala. | a 10-year-old male koala started to fall from the tree while sleeping. subsequently, the koala often fell down while walking and showed a gait abnormality, abnormal nystagmus and hypersalivation. at 12 years of age, the koala became ataxic and seemed blind. at 13 years of age, the koala exhibited signs of dysstasia and was euthanased. necropsy revealed marked symmetrical atrophy of the cerebellum. histopathologically, a severe loss of purkinje and granule cells was evident in the cerebellum, whi ... | 2009 | 19673852 |
| molecular characterisation and expression analysis of interferon gamma in response to natural chlamydia infection in the koala, phascolarctos cinereus. | interferon gamma (ifnγ) is a key th1 cytokine, with a principal role in the immune response against intracellular organisms such as chlamydia. along with being responsible for significant morbidity in human populations, chlamydia is also responsible for wide spread infection and disease in many animal hosts, with reports that many australian koala subpopulations are endemically infected. an understanding of the role played by ifnγ in koala chlamydial diseases is important for the establishment o ... | 2013 | 23792018 |
| using multilevel models to identify drivers of landscape-genetic structure among management areas. | landscape genetics offers a powerful approach to understanding species' dispersal patterns. however, a central obstacle is to account for ecological processes operating at multiple spatial scales, while keeping research outcomes applicable to conservation management. we address this challenge by applying a novel multilevel regression approach to model landscape drivers of genetic structure at both the resolution of individuals and at a spatial resolution relevant to management (i.e. local govern ... | 2013 | 23730800 |
| one hundred twenty years of koala retrovirus evolution determined from museum skins. | although endogenous retroviruses are common across vertebrate genomes, the koala retrovirus (korv) is the only retrovirus known to be currently invading the germ line of its host. korv is believed to have first infected koalas in northern australia less than two centuries ago. we examined korv in 28 koala museum skins collected in the late 19th and 20th centuries and deep sequenced the complete proviral envelope region from five northern australian specimens. strikingly, korv env sequences were ... | 2013 | 22983950 |
| clustering of energy balance-related behaviors in 5-year-old children: lifestyle patterns and their longitudinal association with weight status development in early childhood. | this study identified lifestyle patterns by examining the clustering of eating routines (e.g. eating together as a family, having the television on during meals, duration of meals) and various activity-related behaviors (i.e. physical activity (pa) and sedentary screen-based behavior) in 5-year-old children, as well as the longitudinal association of these patterns with weight status (bmi and overweight) development up to age 8. | 2012 | 22721567 |
| the effect of chilled storage and cryopreservation on the sperm dna fragmentation dynamics of a captive population of koalas. | this experiment documented the incidence and variability of sperm characteristics found in freshly collected and ex vivo-manipulated semen samples from a population of disease-free captive koalas with a special emphasis on the dynamic aspects of dna fragmentation. these changes were analyzed in light of the putative negative effect of iatrogenic damage after chilled storage and cryopreservation with respect to different semen extender compositions to maximize sperm longevity. sperm dna fragmenta ... | 2013 | 22282436 |
| detection of a second novel gammaherpesvirus in a free-ranging koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | a second novel gammaherpesvirus was detected in a free-ranging koala (phascolarctos cinereus) shown previously to be infected with phascolarctid herpesvirus 1. analysis of the dna polymerase gene showed that the virus was genetically distinct from all known gammaherpesviruses. this is the first reported dual gammaherpesvirus infection in an australian marsupial. | 2012 | 22247398 |
| the development of an oral health charting system for koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the koala is one of australia's most highly specialized folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs and therefore requires to be free of oral disease as they are dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. we developed an oral examination methodology based on protocols for companion animals and human dentistry to chart the oral health of koalas. thirty free-ranging koalas from south-east queensland, australia were examined for gen ... | 2012 | 23505786 |
| energy balance-related behavioural patterns in 5-year-old children and the longitudinal association with weight status development in early childhood. | the current study examined clustering of dietary intake and activity behaviours (i.e. physical activity (pa) and sedentary behaviour) in 5-year-old children, as well as the longitudinal association with bmi and overweight development. | 2012 | 22124196 |
| evaluating the utility of an accelerometer and urinary hormone analysis as indicators of estrus in a zoo-housed koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | induced ovulators, such as the koala, do not always have overt signs of estrus, which makes pairing these animals for breeding purposes difficult to achieve in a zoo setting. this study examined the possibility of using alternative methods to behavioral sampling and weight fluctuations for monitoring estrus in a female koala of reproductive age. we attempt to gain an improved understanding of koala estrus and enhance our ability to detect it by combining a noninvasive technique for hormone analy ... | 2013 | 19358319 |
| histopathological examination of the pancreas of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | this retrospective study, which was based on koala pancreatic specimens taken 2, 24, 48 and 72h after death, showed that the degree of autolysis did not necessarily exclude histopathological examination. disorders not previously reported in the pancreas of koalas included the following: inflammation and necrosis; atrophy and fibrosis of exocrine pancreatic tissue; lymphosarcoma; pancreatic heterotopy; and ductal adenocarcinoma. | 2009 | 19303079 |
| cues to body size in the formant spacing of male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) bellows: honesty in an exaggerated trait. | determining the information content of vocal signals and understanding morphological modifications of vocal anatomy are key steps towards revealing the selection pressures acting on a given species' vocal communication system. here, we used a combination of acoustic and anatomical data to investigate whether male koala bellows provide reliable information on the caller's body size, and to confirm whether male koalas have a permanently descended larynx. our results indicate that the spectral prom ... | 2011 | 21957105 |
| schirmer tear tests and intraocular pressures in conscious and anesthetized koalas (phascolarctus cinereus). | to estimate mean schirmer tear test (stt) and intraocular pressure (iop) values in healthy koalas both conscious and anesthetized. | 2011 | 21929605 |
| protocadherin-1 polymorphisms are associated with eczema in two dutch birth cohorts. | eczema and asthma share a common genetic background and show linkage to chromosome 5q31-33. protocadherin-1 (pcdh1) is located in this region and was identified as a susceptibility gene for bronchial hyper-responsiveness (bhr), a hallmark of asthma. pcdh1 encodes an adhesion molecule, expressed in airway and skin epithelium. we determined whether pcdh1 polymorphisms, previously associated with asthma or bhr, also associated with questionnaire and uk working party (ukwp) defined eczema. | 2012 | 21929597 |
| folic acid use in pregnancy and the development of atopy, asthma, and lung function in childhood. | recently, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was implicated as a potential risk factor for atopic diseases in childhood. | 2011 | 21690114 |
| perception of male caller identity in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): acoustic analysis and playback experiments. | the ability to signal individual identity using vocal signals and distinguish between conspecifics based on vocal cues is important in several mammal species. furthermore, it can be important for receivers to differentiate between callers in reproductive contexts. in this study, we used acoustic analyses to determine whether male koala bellows are individually distinctive and to investigate the relative importance of different acoustic features for coding individuality. we then used a habituatio ... | 2011 | 21633499 |
| assessment of oxidant susceptibility of red blood cells in various species based on cell deformability. | the present study was designed to investigate the oxidant susceptibility of red blood cells (rbc) from four species (echidna, human, koala, tasmanian devil) based on changes in cellular deformability. these species were specifically chosen based on differences in lifestyle and/or biology associated with varied levels of oxidative stress. the major focus was the influence of superoxide radicals generated within the cell (phenazine methosulfate, pms, 50 μm) or in the extracellular medium (xanthine ... | 2011 | 22433570 |
| hip dysplasia in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) at the san diego zoo. | a retrospective/prospective radiographic study documented 55 cases of moderate to severe hip dysplasia, with varying degrees of shallowing of the acetabulum, flattening or loss of the femoral head, widening or loss of the femoral neck, and femoral diaphyseal abnormalities in northern koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in the san diego zoo (san diego, california, usa) collection. for the retrospective study, historic radiographs were examined when availble. for the prospective study, three standard ... | 2008 | 18432097 |
| asthmatic symptoms, physical activity, and overweight in young children: a cohort study. | prevalence of asthma and overweight has increased simultaneously during the past decades. several studies have reported an association between these two health problems, but it is unclear whether this relation is causal. we hypothesize that children with asthmatic symptoms are less physically active, which may contribute to the development of overweight. | 2008 | 18310186 |
| palatability mapping: a koala's eye view of spatial variation in habitat quality. | ecologists trying to understand the value of habitat to animals must first describe the value of resources contained in the habitat to animals and, second, they must describe spatial variation in resource quality at a resolution relevant to individual animal foraging. we addressed these issues in a study of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in a eucalyptus woodland. we measured beneficial and deterrent chemical characteristics as well as the palatability of trees using a near-infrared spectroscopi ... | 2010 | 21141178 |
| absorption of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin after oral and subcutaneous administration in diseased koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | koalas (n = 43) were treated daily for up to 8 weeks with enrofloxacin: 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.), 5 mg/kg s.c., or 20 mg/kg per os (p.o.); or marbofloxacin: 1.0-3.3 mg/kg p.o., 10 mg/kg p.o. or 5 mg/kg s.c. serial plasma drug concentrations were determined on day 1 and again at approximately 2 weeks, by liquid chromatography. the median (range) plasma maximum concentrations (c(max) ) for enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg s.c. and 10 mg/kg s.c. were 0.83 (0.68-1.52) and 2.08 (1.34-2.96) μg/ml and the me ... | 2010 | 21062313 |
| breast-feeding duration and infant atopic manifestations, by maternal allergic status, in the first 2 years of life (koala study). | to investigate the potential effect of modification by maternal allergic status on the relationship between breast-feeding duration and infant atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life. | 2007 | 17889066 |
| transspecies transmissions of retroviruses: new cases. | transspecies transmission is common among retroviruses, although the consequences of the transmission are very different. some transspecies transmissions have resulted in fatal diseases in the new host while others have remained asymptomatic. some retroviruses are apathogenic in the original species, but pathogenic in a new host and others can be pathogenic or apathogenic in both species. in some cases, endogenization of the retrovirus in the new host has been observed but in others not, while s ... | 2007 | 17870141 |
| association of breast-feeding and feeding on demand with child weight status up to 4 years. | the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of breast-feeding on the development of childhood overweight are unclear. this study examines the association of breast-feeding with weight gain in the first year, and body mass index (bmi) and overweight up to 4 years. in addition, we examine possible mechanisms of this effect (i.e., feeding pattern, eating style, unhealthy snacking behavior). | 2011 | 20858157 |
| masticatory motor pattern in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): a comparison of jaw movements in marsupial and placental herbivores. | do closely related marsupial herbivores (diprotodontia) conserve a common masticatory motor pattern or are motor patterns linked to the structure and function of the masticatory apparatus? we recorded the sequence and duration of activity of the individual jaw closing muscles during rhythmic chewing in koalas and then compared their motor pattern with that of their closest extant relatives, wombats, and their more distant marsupial relatives, macropodoids. these three lineages prove to have fund ... | 2010 | 20683866 |
| levonorgestrel, not etonogestrel, provides contraception in free-ranging koalas. | management of high-density koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations is essential because of the browsing damage they inflict on their habitat. we have tested two types of gestagen implant, namely levonorgestrel and etonogestrel, as contraceptives for koalas. free-ranging female koalas were given either a control, levonorgestrel (70 mg) or etonogestrel (34 or 68 mg) implant before the breeding season. koalas were monitored every 4-12 weeks for births. plasma progesterone was measured and a cyto ... | 2010 | 20591325 |
| disseminated coccidoidomycosis in a koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | a16-yr-old male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) presented for nonspecific signs of illness and weight loss. despite 2 mo of diagnostics and supportive care, the koala's health declined and euthanasia was elected. on histopathologic examination, lesions containing fungal organisms morphologically consistent with coccidioidomycosis were found in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, lymph node, heart, eye, and bone marrow. although disseminated infection was present, the koala was igm and igg seronegati ... | 2012 | 22448534 |
| serum protein electrophoresis values for free-ranging and zoo-based koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | in a clinical setting, especially with species of special interest, it is important to use all clinical pathology testing options for general health monitoring and diagnosis. protein electrophoresis (eph) has previously been shown to be an important adjunct tool in veterinary medicine. serum samples from 18 free-ranging and 12 zoo-based koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) were subject to eph analysis. significant differences were found between the two groups for the following values: total protein, ... | 2012 | 22448529 |
| perivertebral b-cell lymphoma in a queensland koala (phascolarctos cinereus adustus) with paralytic symptoms in the hind limbs. | a male queensland koala (phascolarctos cinereus adustus) at kanazawa zoological gardens (kanagawa, japan) exhibited paralytic symptoms in the hind limbs. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass on the left ventral side of the 11th to 13th thoracic vertebrae, and the presence of myelitis or edema in the spinal cord. the koala was under anesthesia during the examination and suddenly developed ventricular fibrillation and died. necropsy revealed a firm flat ovoid hemorrha ... | 2012 | 22446398 |
| seasonal reproduction in wild and captive male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations in south-east queensland. | the effects of breeding season (late spring to early autumn) on south-east queensland male koala fertility were examined to improve the efficacy of the ai procedure and to determine the practicality of using free-range animals as semen donors for a genome resource bank. seasonal changes in male koala reproductive function were assessed in a wild free-range population (n = 14; obtained every 6 weeks from january to november 2005), a necropsied healthy wild population (n = 84; obtained monthly fro ... | 2010 | 20353729 |
| dietary specialization and eucalyptus species preferences in queensland koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | koalas specialize on eucalyptus leaves, but also feed selectively. food choice is not random, but depends on various factors that are not well understood, although most research has focused on the role of secondary plant compounds. we studied the feeding choices of four adult male koalas housed at the san diego zoo. all subjects had a choice of nine types of eucalyptus leaves over the eight-week study. the most preferred species was e. camuldulensis, but individual males exhibited different feed ... | 2011 | 20186726 |
| the zona pellucida of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): its morphogenesis and thickness. | in this study the ultrastructural organization of the koala oocyte and the thickness of the surrounding extracellular coat, the zona pellucida, has been determined to ascertain whether there is coevolution of the morphology of the female gamete with that of the highly divergent male gamete that is found in this marsupial species. ovaries from several adult koalas were obtained and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. oocytes in large tertiary follicles were somewhat smaller than those ... | 2006 | 16928207 |
| noninvasive monitoring of reproductive activity based on fecal progestagen profiles and sexual behavior in koalas, phascolarctos cinereus. | studies on the reproductive endocrinology of koalas have been performed mainly by using blood samples; however, in practice it is difficult to collect blood periodically because koalas are easily stressed. the purposes of the present study were to establish a noninvasive endocrine monitoring technique and to investigate the reproductive physiology of female koalas. feces were collected from female northern and southern koalas, and progestagen was extracted from lyophilized fecal samples and dete ... | 2009 | 19587334 |
| interaction of t-cell and antigen presenting cell co-stimulatory genes in childhood ige. | it is likely that multiple genes contribute to immunoglobulin (ig)e production. co-stimulatory molecules are crucial for the cross-talk between antigen presenting cells and t-lymphocytes which drives the ige response. we evaluated gene-gene interactions of haplotype tagging polymorphisms in a pathway of 24 co-stimulatory genes in relation to serum ige levels. we assessed this at ages 1-2 yrs and 6-8 yrs in 3,062 dutch children from a pooled data set of three birth cohorts: piama (prevention and ... | 2010 | 19574333 |
| individual variability in post-thaw sperm survival in a captive koala population. | this study documented the extent of individual animal variation with respect to two proven methods of sperm cryopreservation in a captive population of 22 koalas. semen samples were collected by electroejaculation, diluted in tris-citrate glucose and equilibrated to 4 degrees c before being further diluted and frozen in media containing a final concentration of either 14% (v/v) glycerol or 12.5% (v/v) dimethylacetamide (dma). there were significant differences in post-thaw survival of spermatozo ... | 2009 | 19426724 |
| effects of indoor air purification by an air cleaning system (koala technology) on semen parameters in male factor infertility: results of a pilot study. | a number of studies indicated a clear decline in semen quality in the past 30-50 years and there is accumulating evidence that this decline might result from exposure to high levels of air pollution. to examine the impact of environment on male reproductive ability, we undertook for the first time a pilot study on semen quality of infertile men exposed to purification of indoor air. ten subjects with a history of unexplained male infertility and poor semen quality were exposed for at least 1 yea ... | 2009 | 19400850 |
| clustering of dietary intake and sedentary behavior in 2-year-old children. | to examine clustering of energy balance-related behaviors (ebrbs) in young children. this is crucial because lifestyle habits are formed at an early age and track in later life. this study is the first to examine ebrb clustering in children as young as 2 years. | 2009 | 19394036 |
| a phylogeny of diprotodontia (marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. | even though the marsupial order diprotodontia is one of the most heavily studied groups of australasian marsupials, phylogenetic relationships within this group remain contentious. the more than 125 living species of diprotodontia can be divided into two main groups: vombatiformes (wombats and koalas) and phalangerida. phalangerida is composed of the kangaroos (macropodidae, potoroidae, and hypsiprymnodontidae) and possums (phalangeridae, burramyidae, petauridae, pseudocheiridae, tarsipedidae, a ... | 2009 | 19249373 |
| fungi from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) faeces exhibit a broad range of enzyme activities against recalcitrant substrates. | identification of fungi isolated from koala faeces and screening for their enzyme activities of biotechnological interest. | 2009 | 19141036 |
| diet-related restrictive parenting practices. impact on dietary intake of 2-year-old children and interactions with child characteristics. | this study examined the relationship between diet-related parenting practices, parental characteristics, child characteristics, and 2-year-old child's dietary intake. cross-sectional data (n=2578) originated from the koala birth cohort study. principal component analyses revealed two restrictive parenting practice clusters: a cluster characterized by prohibition of the intake of various snacks and soft drinks, and a separate cluster characterized by prohibition of cookies and cake. regression an ... | 2009 | 19114065 |
| dimethylacetamide can be used as an alternative to glycerol for the successful cryopreservation of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa. | swelling of koala sperm chromatin following cryopreservation has largely been attributed to the absence of intermolecular disulfide cross-linkages in the marsupial sperm nucleus. fish spermatozoa also lack disulfide bonds within their chromatin, but have been successfully cryopreserved. the present study examined the hypothesis that the cryoprotectants used for fish sperm cryopreservation would confer a similar degree of protection on koala spermatozoa. three concentrations each of five cryoprot ... | 2008 | 18671920 |
| control of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) anterior pituitary-gonadal axis with analogues of gnrh. | the aim of the present study was to determine whether analogues of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) could be used to both induce an acute testosterone response and suppress anterior pituitary function in male koalas, and induce a luteal phase in female koalas. experiment 1 characterised the steroidogenic response of male koalas to administration of 30 microg (4.3 microg kg(-1)) natural-sequence gnrh. intra-muscular injection of natural-sequence gnrh induced the release of lh and testostero ... | 2008 | 18577357 |
| field testing of lake water chemistry with a portable and an auv-based mass spectrometer. | two mass spectrometers (ms) are tested for the measurement of volatile substances, such as hydrocarbons and metabolic gases, in natural waters. koala is a backpackable ms operated from above the water surface, in which samples are pumped through a flow cell using a syringe. nereus is an underwater instrument hosted by an autonomous underwater vehicle (auv) that is linked to a communications network to provide chemical data in real time. the mass analyzers of the two ms are nearly identical cyclo ... | 2008 | 18468452 |
| successful artificial insemination in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) using extended and extended-chilled semen collected by electroejaculation. | artificial insemination in the koala using chilled, electroejaculated semen provides for a marked improvement in the reproductive and genetic management of captive koala colonies in australia and internationally, and makes available the option of using semen collected from wild populations to expand restricted gene pools. dilution of koala semen for artificial insemination is complicated because koalas are induced ovulators, and it is thought that ovulating factors are present in the semen, so t ... | 2008 | 18094357 |
| effects of cryopreservation on mitochondrial function and heterogeneity, lipid raft stability and phosphatidylserine translocation in koala (phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa. | koala sperm mitochondria were examined by cryomicroscopy using the fluorescent probe jc-1, which distinguishes high (red) and low (green) mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp). at normal body temperature, approximately 70% of live and untreated spermatozoa exhibited high mmp whereas <3% of live untreated spermatozoa exhibited low potential. a third class, in which single midpieces contained mixed mitochondrial populations, was also detected. heterogeneity was noted in the level of mmp between i ... | 2007 | 17897588 |
| consumption of organic foods and risk of atopic disease during the first 2 years of life in the netherlands. | we prospectively investigated whether organic food consumption by infants was associated with developing atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life. the koala birth cohort study in the netherlands (n 2764) measured organic food consumption, eczema and wheeze in infants until age 2 years using repeated questionnaires. diet was defined as conventional ( 90 % organic). venous blood samples taken from 815 infants at 2 years of age were analysed for total and specific ige. multivariate logist ... | 2008 | 17761012 |
| behavioural contributions to the regulated intake of plant secondary metabolites in koalas. | in a given period of time, herbivores often eat less as dietary plant secondary metabolite (psm) concentrations increase. this reduction in total food intake is interpreted as a need for the herbivore to regulate psm ingestion in order to avoid toxication. however, regulation of psm ingestion involves more than the reduction of total intake; it involves an alteration of meal patterns, through a reduction in the number and/or the size of the meals eaten. despite this, studies of how herbivores al ... | 2007 | 17690913 |
| the relationship between sperm morphology and chromatin integrity in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) as assessed by the sperm chromatin dispersion test (scdt). | koala (phascolarctos cinereus) sperm nuclei show a tendency to swell after cryopreservation, but it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is associated with dna fragmentation. in this study, we validated a modified version of the sperm chromatin dispersion test (scdt) for use with koala spermatozoa, which is the first use of the test for a marsupial. cryopreserved spermatozoa (multiple straws) from a single koala were used to explore the relationship between sperm morphology, viability, chromatin ... | 2007 | 17609294 |
| early life exposure to antibiotics and the subsequent development of eczema, wheeze, and allergic sensitization in the first 2 years of life: the koala birth cohort study. | antibiotic exposure in early life may be associated with atopic disease development either by interfering with bacterial commensal flora or by modifying the course of bacterial infections. we evaluated early life exposure to antibiotics and the subsequent development of eczema, wheeze, and allergic sensitization in infancy. | 2007 | 17200248 |
| breastfeeding and infant eczema in the first year of life in the koala birth cohort study: a risk period-specific analysis. | we studied the association between breastfeeding and eczema, taking into account the possible influence of reverse causation, with risk period-specific analyses. | 2007 | 17200240 |
| eucalyptus foliar chemistry explains selective feeding by koalas. | the koala is the quintessential specialist herbivore, feeding almost exclusively on eucalyptus foliage. consequently, the limitations imposed on the koala's diet by plant defences indicate the extent to which evolutionary adaptations allow mammalian herbivores to circumvent such defences. we tested whether a recently discovered group of plant secondary metabolites, the formylated phloroglucinol compounds (fpcs), deters koalas from feeding on some eucalypt foliage. we found that captive koalas at ... | 2005 | 17148129 |
| koala retrovirus: a genome invasion in real time. | koalas are currently undergoing a wave of germline infections by the retrovirus korv. study of this phenomenon not only provides an opportunity for understanding the processes regulating retrovirus endogenization but may also be essential to preventing the extinction of the species. | 2006 | 17118218 |
| papillomavirus in healthy skin of australian animals. | papillomaviruses are a group of ubiquitous viruses that are often found in normal skin of humans, as well as a range of different vertebrates. in this study, swab samples collected from the healthy skin of 225 australian animals from 54 species were analysed for the presence of papillomavirus dna with the general skin papillomavirus primer pair fap59/fap64. a total of five putative and potential new animal papillomavirus types were identified from three different animal species. the papillomavir ... | 2006 | 17030852 |
| the structural organisation of sperm head components of the wombat and koala (suborder: vombatiformes): an enigma amongst marsupials. | the sperm head structural organisation of the koala and hairy-nosed wombat, and the effects of varying concentrations of the ionic detergent, triton x-100, on its component parts, were determined by electron microscopy. although alike in form between the 2 species, the sperm nucleus of the former, but not the latter, had nuclear vacuoles and appeared to be more easily dispersed by the triton x-100. the structure of the acrosome of the spermatozoon was similar between the 2 species and, in both, ... | 2001 | 11215768 |
| natural and artificial methods for inducing the luteal phase in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | an experiment was conducted in which female koalas were mated for different durations of intromission and ejaculation to confirm that the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in koalas is induced by the physical act of mating. results showed that induction of a luteal phase in the koala usually required a complete duration of penile thrusting behaviour from the male. it is proposed that induction of a luteal phase in koalas may involve a copuloceptive reflex, triggered by the thrusting of the male ... | 2000 | 11006146 |
| barriers to the management of obesity in children - a cross sectional survey of gps. | general practitioners have been identified as having a key role in promoting healthy weight. in 2006, the south east alliance of general practice - brisbane (ltd) was approached by the mater children's hospital to participate in the koala (kinder overweight activity lifestyle actions) at mater healthy lifestyle study. between june 2007 and january 2008, only 14 eligible children were identified and referred to the koala study by participating gps - a much lower referral rate than the study requi ... | 2009 | 19530380 |
| lamination of the masticatory muscles in the phascolarctos cinereus (koala) according to their innervations. | the masticatory muscles are usually classified into four groups: masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid. the communicating muscle bundle between the temporalis and masseter called the zygomaticomandibular muscle exists. the laminations within these muscles are commonly separated by aponeuroses. nerves control the action of muscles, so improved understanding about innervation patterns in the masticatory muscles is important in the consideration of muscle function. in this st ... | 2009 | 19522301 |
| evidence that single-stranded dna breaks are a normal feature of koala sperm chromatin, while double-stranded dna breaks are indicative of dna damage. | in this study, we have used single and double comet assays to differentiate between single- and double-stranded dna damage in an effort to refine the interpretation of dna damage in mature koala spermatozoa. we have also investigated the likelihood that single-stranded dna breakage is part of the natural spermiogenic process in koalas, where its function would be the generation of structural bends in the dna molecule so that appropriate packaging and compaction can occur. koala spermatozoa were ... | 2009 | 19494045 |
| a layered goal-oriented fuzzy motion planning strategy for mobile robot navigation. | most conventional motion planning algorithms that are based on the model of the environment cannot perform well when dealing with the navigation problem for real-world mobile robots where the environment is unknown and can change dynamically. in this paper, a layered goal-oriented motion planning strategy using fuzzy logic is developed for a mobile robot navigating in an unknown environment. the information about the global goal and the long-range sensory data are used by the first layer of the ... | 2005 | 16366247 |
| phylogeographic differentiation in the mitochondrial control region in the koala, phascolarctos cinereus (goldfuss 1817). | the koala, phascolarctos cinereus, is a geographically widespread species endemic to australia, with three currently recognized subspecies: p.c. adustus, p.c. cinereus, and p.c. victor. intraspecific variation in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region was examined in over 200 animals from 16 representative populations throughout the species' range. eighteen different haplotypes were defined in the approximately 860 bp mtdna control region, as determined by heteroduplex analysis/temperature ... | 1999 | 10434420 |
| etiology of atopy in infancy: the koala birth cohort study. | the aim of the koala birth cohort study in the netherlands is to identify factors that influence the clinical expression of atopic disease with a main focus on lifestyle (e.g., anthroposophy, vaccinations, antibiotics, dietary habits, breastfeeding and breast milk composition, intestinal microflora composition, infections during the first year of life, and gene-environment interaction). the recruitment of pregnant women started in october 2000. first, participants with 'conventional lifestyles' ... | 2005 | 16343090 |
| real-time reverse transcriptase pcr for the endogenous koala retrovirus reveals an association between plasma viral load and neoplastic disease in koalas. | koala retrovirus (korv) is a newly described endogenous retrovirus and is unusual in that inserts comprise a full-length replication competent genome. as koalas are known to suffer from an extremely high incidence of leukaemia/lymphoma, the association between this retrovirus and disease in koalas was examined. using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase pcr it was demonstrated that korv rna levels in plasma are significantly increased in animals suffering from leukaemia or lymphoma when ... | 2005 | 15722540 |
| production of milk and nutrition of the dependent young of free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the production of milk by lactating females, and energy expenditure and foliage intake of their dependent young, were investigated in free-ranging koalas. koalas had the lowest mass-specific daily milk-energy production at peak lactation so far recorded in a mammal, but the duration of reproduction was 58% longer than the combined marsupial and eutherian average. as a consequence, the total energy input to reproduction in koalas was similar to that in other mammals. we propose that the prolonged ... | 2017 | 9472812 |
| evaluating a new intrauterine pressure catheter. | to evaluate the performance and verify the safety of the koala intrauterine pressure catheter (iupc) in clinical use. | 1997 | 9284013 |
| semen-induced luteal phase and identification of a lh surge in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the koala ovulates in response to mating. the purpose of this study was to document the lh surge induced by copulation and to investigate the potential roles of mechanical stimulation of the urogenital sinus and deposition of semen in induction of the luteal phase. in experiment 1, serial blood samples from four koalas that underwent normal mating showed elevated concentrations of lh approximately 24-32 h post-coitus. there was no corresponding elevation in lh in koalas (n=4) that were exposed t ... | 2004 | 15509709 |
| dietary aluminium and renal failure in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the study investigated the link between the potentially nephrotoxic levels of aluminium ingested in the natural diet of eucalypt leaves by koalas in the adelaide hills, south australia, and the high incidence of renal failure in koalas within this habitat. routine histology of kidney specimens revealed no pathologies at the light microscopic level and contrasted sharply with the clinical signs of renal failure. however staining with solochrome azurine and perl's prussian blue showed aluminium wa ... | 2004 | 15168340 |
| apicoectomy on an incisor tooth of a victorian koala (phascolarctos cinereus victor). | an eight-year-old victorian koala was presented with a discharging mandibular sinus of at least one month duration. on examination, a dental abscess of the right mandibular incisor tooth was found. during the course of endodontic treatment, a size 2 gates glidden bur separated from the shank and was lodged in the canal. due to the anatomy of the tooth the bur could not be removed and an apicoectomy was performed. following the apicoectomy (follow-up period two years), the periapical pathology re ... | 1996 | 9520792 |
| perioperative nursing--a course for the future. | australia is home to a number of endangered species--the koala perhaps being the most well known. i will discuss another familiar species which is nonetheless in danger of extinction--the perioperative registered nurse. my paper will propose a strategy to increase their numbers within their normal habitat of the operating suite. | 1996 | 8974520 |
| wide range of chlamydiales types detected in native australian mammals. | the chlamydiales are a unique order of intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause significant disease of birds and animals, including humans. the recent development of a chlamydiales-specific 16s rdna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay has enabled the identification of chlamydiales dna from an increasing range of hosts and environmental sources. whereas the australian marsupial, the koala, has previously been shown to harbour several chlamydiales types, no other australian marsupials have b ... | 2003 | 14519335 |