| cicerarin, a novel antifungal peptide from the green chickpea. | a peptide designated cicerarin, with an n-terminal amino acid sequence vkstgradddlavktkylpp dissimilar from known proteins and peptides and a molecular mass of 8kda, was isolated from seeds of the green chickpea cicer arietinum cv green chickpea. cicerarin was isolated with a procedure that involved ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. cicerarin was unadsorbed on deae- ... | 2003 | 12895650 |
| purification and characterization of chitinase from streptomyces sp. m-20. | chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) was isolated from the culture filtrate of streptomyces sp. m-20 and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration. no exochitinase activity was found in the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the purified chitinase was 20 kda, estimated by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was confirmed by activity staining with calcofluor white m2r. chitinase was optimally acti ... | 2003 | 12689517 |
| cynodontin: a fungal metabolite with antifungal properties. | a red pigment that accumulates in cultures of a drechslera avenae pathotype with specificity for avena sterilis was isolated and identified as the anthraquinone cynodontin (3-methyl-1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone). satisfactory yield of the compound was obtained with 20-60 day incubations at temperatures between 20 and 27 degrees c. cynodontin was tested in vitro for fungitoxicity and was found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and botrytis ... | 2003 | 12903946 |
| targeted activation tagging of the arabidopsis nbs-lrr gene, adr1, conveys resistance to virulent pathogens. | a transgenic arabidopsis line containing a chimeric pr-1::luciferase (luc) reporter gene was subjected to mutagenesis with activation tags. screening of lines via high-throughput luc imaging identified a number of dominant arabidopsis mutants that exhibited enhanced pr-1 gene expression. here, we report the characterization of one of these mutants, designated activated disease resistance (adr) 1. this line showed constitutive expression of a number of key defense marker genes and accumulated sal ... | 2003 | 12906111 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of botrytis cinerea, simple purification of monokaryotic transformants and rapid conidia-based identification of the transfer-dna host genomic dna flanking sequences. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfer of foreign dna to the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea was investigated. fifteen stable transformants per 10(6) conidia were consistently produced. monokaryons were purified in a single step and their molecular analysis demonstrated the random integration of predominantly single or tandem copies of the foreign dna into their genome. thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr performed directly on conidia led to the rapid identification of the genomic ... | 2003 | 12937946 |
| systemic acquired resistance in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | systemic acquired resistance (sar) to infection by botrytis cinerea in the leaves of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) plants was induced following cotyledon inoculation with b. cinerea or treatment with abiotic inducers. salicylic acid (sa), benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic s-methyl ester (bth), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina) or edta protected sunflower plants against botrytis infection, that was revealed by a reduction in the number and area of the necrotic lesions in upper leaves a ... | 2003 | 12945177 |
| disruption of botrytis cinerea class i chitin synthase gene bcchs1 results in cell wall weakening and reduced virulence. | to get a better insight into the relationship between cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of the fungus botrytis cinerea, we have constructed chitin synthase mutants. a 620 bp class i chitin synthase gene fragment (bcchs1) obtained by pcr amplification was used to disrupt the corresponding gene in the genome. disruption of bcchs1 occurred at a frequency of 8%. nine independent mutants were obtained and the bcchs1 mutant phenotype compared to that of transformants in which the gene was not disr ... | 2003 | 12948512 |
| vulgarone b, the antifungal constituent in the steam-distilled fraction of artemisia douglasiana. | antifungal activity of the steam distilled essential oil fraction of artemisia douglasiana was detected by bioautography on silica gel tlc plates against three colletotrichum spp. the active principle was isolated by bioassay-directed fractionation using column chromatography followed by crystallization and was characterized as vulgarone b by 1h and 13c nmr and gc-ms. antifungal activity of vulgarone b was further evaluated using 96-well microtiter assay against colletotrichum acatatum, c. fraga ... | 2003 | 12956506 |
| [influence of light to the resistance of plantlets of lepidium sativum l. to botrytis cinerea pers]. | | 1952 | 13009908 |
| [inactivation with antibiotics of toxin produced by botrytis cinerea]. | | 1953 | 13083525 |
| combined hormone-fungicide sprays for control of botrytis fruit-rot in glasshouse tomatoes. | | 1953 | 13087230 |
| characterisation of a new species of pythium isolated from a wheat field in northern france and its antagonism towards botrytis cinerea causing the grey mould disease of the grapevine. | a new species, pythium bifurcatum, isolated from soil samples taken from a wheat field in lille in northern france is described here. the oomycete occurred thrice out of 50 samples. the type specimen is f-91, which is a slow-growing saprophyte living on vegetable debris and which can be recognised by its antheridial as well as oogonial characteristics, which are different from other known species of pythium. when grown together with botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of the grey mould disease of ... | 2003 | 12892885 |
| dendrocin, a distinctive antifungal protein from bamboo shoots. | an antifungal protein, with a molecular weight of 20 kda and an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in the fungi fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cincerea, and mycosphaerella arachidicola, was isolated from fresh bamboo shoots. the protein, designated dendrocin, was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. dendrocin showed only limited similarity in n-terminal sequence to thaumatin-like proteins, unlike other thaumatin-like proteins which closely resemble eac ... | 2003 | 12893287 |
| [biological value of calcium: broccoli leaves, brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. iii]. | | 1953 | 13155997 |
| some effects of ultraviolet radiation on the pathogenicity of botrytis fabae, uromyces fabae and erysiphe graminis. | | 1957 | 13439161 |
| [oxidative conversion of amino acids during interaction of cabbage with fungus botrytis cinerea]. | | 1958 | 13572395 |
| ultrastructure of the collar of the choanoflagellate codonosiga botrytis (ehrenb.). | | 1961 | 13700095 |
| an electron-microscope study of germination of conidia of botrytis cinerea. | | 1963 | 14072834 |
| [on the mechanism of action of botrytis cinerea toxin on plant cells]. | | 1964 | 14262628 |
| [sclerotia of gray mould (botrytis cinerea persoon) on castor plant]. | | 1955 | 14387600 |
| orientation and locus of tropic photoreceptor molecules in spores of botrytis and osmunda. | study of the tropic responses of botrytis cinerea and osmunda cinnamomea spores to blue light shows the photoreceptor molecules to be highly dichroic and oriented: in botrytis their axes of maximum absorption lie perpendicular to the nearby cell surface; in osmunda, parallel. the chief evidence lies in a comparison of their responses to plane polarized light-both germinate parallel to the vibration planes (defined by the axis of vibration of the electric vector and the axis of light propagation) ... | 1962 | 14450869 |
| uptake of amino-acids by the fungus botrytis fabae. | | 1962 | 14452313 |
| [a new disease of ficus elastica caused by a botrytis of the cinerea type]. | | 1962 | 14480580 |
| isolation of cucurmoschin, a novel antifungal peptide abundant in arginine, glutamate and glycine residues from black pumpkin seeds. | a novel antifungal peptide, with a molecular mass of 8 kda in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in gel filtration on superdex 75 and designated cucurmoschin, was isolated from the seeds of the black pumpkin. the peptide was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose but adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. cucurmoschin inhibited mycelial growth in the fungi botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and mycosphaerella oxysporum. it inhibited translation in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysat ... | 2003 | 14499274 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven moroccan labiatae against botrytis cinerea pers: fr. | essential oils of seven moroccan labiatae were chemically analysed by gc-ms and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea. among them, origanum compactum and thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited the growth of the mycelium. the inhibition of botrytis cinerea was 100% for both oils at 100 ppm, while the ic(50)s were 35.1 and 79.2 ppm, respectively. mentha pulegium exhibited moderate activity at 250 ppm since the inhibition of the mycelial growth was 58.5% and the ic ... | 2003 | 14522450 |
| [the quantity and structure of the root-associated microbial complexes of two greenhouse rose cultivars]. | the study of the root-associated microbial complexes of affected and healthy rose plants of two cultivars (grand gala and royal velvet) grown in a greenhouse showed that the biomass of eukaryotic microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy rose plants and in the surrounding soil was considerably lower than in the same loci of affected plants. in contrast, the biomass of root-associated prokaryotic microorganisms was higher in the case of healthy than in the case of affected rose ... | 2003 | 14526548 |
| molecular mapping of or, a gene inducing beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis). | the cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) or gene is a semi-dominant, single-locus mutation that induces the accumulation of high levels of beta-carotene in various tissues of the plant, turning them orange. as part of a map-based cloning strategy, molecular mapping of the or gene in the cauliflower genome was undertaken in a mapping population consisting of 195 f2 individuals. by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) in conjunction with bulked segregant analysis, we ide ... | 2003 | 12897867 |
| inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by the barley cystatin hv-cpi (gene icy) is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties. | the recombinant barley cystatin hv-cpi inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum graminicola, and plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma viride. several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their antifungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. point mutants r38-->g, q63-->l, and q63-->p diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cat ... | 2003 | 14558689 |
| effects of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, two fungicides used against botrytis cinerea, on carbohydrate physiology in vitis vinifera l. | in vitis vinifera l, photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning are affected in the presence of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, two fungicides commonly used in vineyards against botrytis cinerea pers. however, the effects were found to be different according to the model studied: plantlets (cv chardonnay) grown in vitro, fruiting cuttings (cv chardonnay) and plants grown in vineyards (cvs chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier). in the plantlets grown in vitro, both fungicides decreased gas e ... | 2003 | 14561065 |
| lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukemia cells. | from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom lentinus edodes, a novel protein designated lentin with potent antifungal activity was isolated. lentin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose, and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and mono s. the n-terminal sequence of lentin manifested similarity to endoglucanase. lentin, which had a molecular mass of 27.5 kda, inhibited mycelial growth in a variety of fungal species including physalospora piricola, botrytis cinerea and mycosphaerella arachidicola. lentin ... | 2003 | 14572878 |
| [regulation to curd morphogenesis and genetics of exogenous bocal gene in cauliflower]. | cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) and cabbage (b. oleracea var capitata l.) are two varieties of species b. oleracea. cauliflower bobcal gene losses the original function due to its terminated mutation while cabbage bocal gene has the complete function. we obtained cauliflower plants transgenic for bocal gene using arobacterium-mediated transformation. genetic analysis of t2 generation indicated that all cauliflower plants transgenic for bocal failed to form curd and produced the ... | 2003 | 14574987 |
| chitosan improves development, and protects vitis vinifera l. against botrytis cinerea. | we evaluated the potential of chitosan both to stimulate plant development and to induce protection from botrytis cinerea in vitis vinifera l. plantlets. the presence of 1.75% (v/v) chitogel in the culture medium was the optimal concentration for in vitro grapevine plantlet growth, as determined by measurements on enhancement of root and shoot biomass. photosynthesis and related parameters were also stimulated in chitogel-treated plantlets. chitogel reduced the development of botrytis cinerea an ... | 2004 | 14595516 |
| a double-stranded rna mycovirus confers hypovirulence-associated traits to botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea ccg425 contains a 33-nm isometric mycovirus whose genome is a 6.8-kb double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecule. virulence bioassays, performed by direct plug mycelial inoculation on bean plant leaves, showed that b. cinerea ccg425 displays less fungal aggressivity than b. cinerea ckg54, a virulent fungal strain that is not infected by dsrna mycoviruses. b. cinerea ccg425 also showed lower laccase activity and conidiation rate than b. cinerea ckg54. furthermore, infection of b. cinere ... | 2003 | 14612241 |
| the botrytis susceptible1 gene encodes an r2r3myb transcription factor protein that is required for biotic and abiotic stress responses in arabidopsis. | the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea and their genetic control are poorly understood. botrytis causes severe disease in a wide range of plant species, both in the field and in postharvest situations, resulting in significant economic losses. we have isolated the bos1 (botrytis-susceptible1) gene of arabidopsis based on a t-dna insertion allele that resulted in increased susceptibility to botrytis infection. the bo ... | 2003 | 14555693 |
| [contribution to the study of the biological value of calcium; broccoli leaves-brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. i..]. | | 1953 | 13134734 |
| antifungal activity of the stem bark of ailanthus excelsa. | the methanol extract of stem barks of alianthus excelsa was partitioned with chloroform. the chloroform extract showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity against aspergillus niger, a. fumigatus, penicillium frequentence, p. notatum and botrytis cinerea. | 2003 | 14630175 |
| cynthichlorine: a bioactive alkaloid from the tunicate cynthia savignyi. | from ether extracts of the tunicate cynthia savignyi, collected in morocco, a new alkaloid-cynthichlorine-has been isolated. the structure of cynthichlorine has been characterized by extensive 2d-nmr data. cynthichlorine possesses antifungal activity against two tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea and verticillium albo atrum and antibacterial activity against agrobacterium radiobacter, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and cytotoxicity against artemia salina larvae. | 2003 | 14630251 |
| [biological value of calcium broccoli leaves: brassica oleracea, l. var.: botrytis asparagoides. ii..]. | | 1953 | 13134749 |
| production of botrytis cinerea for potential introduction into a vineyard. | botrytis cinerea was produced in solid-phase fermentation, liquid fermentation and on potato dextrose agar. stored products were evaluated for grape colonization in grape bioassays and in field trials, and for b. cinerea density using colony forming unit analyses and a nucleic-acid-based method. b. cinerea colony forming unit density was significantly correlated to the probability of successful grape colonization in grape bioassays (p-value=0.0002). solid fermentation products could be stored lo ... | 2004 | 14643984 |
| laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against botrytis cinerea and plasmopara viticola. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is susceptible to many pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, uncinula necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used intensively in vineyards to limit pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and a desire to protect the environment require that alternative strategies be found. in the present study, the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin derived from the brown algae laminaria digitata was shown both to be an effici ... | 2003 | 14651345 |
| oligogalacturonide signal transduction, induction of defense-related responses and protection of grapevine against botrytis cinerea. | grapevine ( vitis vinifera l.) is vulnerable to a variety of pathogenic fungi, among them botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is responsible for worldwide yield losses that would be even more important without a successful control that relies mainly on fungicides. in the present work we investigated an alternative way of using oligogalacturonides (oga) to induce defense responses in grapevine and protection against b. cinerea. kinetic experiments with grapevine cells showed that og ... | 2004 | 14618326 |
| plastidial fatty acid signaling modulates salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense pathways in the arabidopsis ssi2 mutant. | a mutation in the arabidopsis gene ssi2/fab2, which encodes stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (s-acp-des), results in the reduction of oleic acid (18:1) levels in the mutant plants and also leads to the constitutive activation of npr1-dependent and -independent defense responses. by contrast, ssi2 plants are compromised in the induction of the jasmonic acid (ja)-responsive gene pdf1.2 and in resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. although s-acp-des catalyzes the initial ... | 2003 | 14615603 |
| quantification of disease progression of several microbial pathogens on arabidopsis thaliana using real-time fluorescence pcr. | an accurate monitoring of disease progression is important to evaluate disease susceptibility phenotypes. over the years, arabidopsis thaliana has become the model species to serve as a host in plant-pathogen interactions. despite the efforts to study genetic mechanisms of host defense, little efforts are made for a thorough pathogen assessment, often still depending on symptomology. this manuscript describes the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assess pathogen growth in the h ... | 2003 | 14638430 |
| [airborne fungi and sensitization in atopic individuals in porto alegre, rs, brazil]. | to identify and quantify the fungal spores in the atmospheric air of porto alegre and to assess sensitization to these allergens in atopic individuals suffering from rhinitis and asthma. | 2003 | 14666351 |
| antifungal activity of wogonin. | the antifungal activity of the wogonin isolated from holmskioldia sanguinea retz was determined on four different fungal organisms. the pure compound wogonin significantly inhibited the growth of aspergillus niger, penicillium frequentance, p. notatum and botrytis cinerea, in a concentration dependent fashion, when tested by turbidity and spore germination methods. the effects produced by the compound were compared with the standard antifungal agent griseofulvin. | 2003 | 14669259 |
| antifungal clerodane diterpenes from macaranga monandra (l) muell. et arg. (euphorbiaceae). | hexane and ethyl acetate phases of the methanol extract of macaranga monandra showed fungal growth inhibition of colletotrichum acutatum, c. fragariae and c. gloeosporioides, fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, phomopsis obscurans, and p. viticola. bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active clerodane-type diterpenes that were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1d-, 2d-nmr, and ms) as kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid. a 96-well microbioassay revealed that kolaveni ... | 2003 | 14664515 |
| purification of castamollin, a novel antifungal protein from chinese chestnuts. | a novel antifungal protein, designated castamollin, was isolated from chinese chestnut (castanea mollisima) seeds with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. castamollin possessed a novel n-terminal sequence demonstrating little similarity to n-terminal sequences of castanea sativa chitinase. castamollin exhibited a molecular mass of 37kd ... | 2003 | 14680938 |
| whole-genome analysis of two-component signal transduction genes in fungal pathogens. | two-component phosphorelay systems are minimally comprised of a histidine kinase (hk) component, which autophosphorylates in response to an environmental stimulus, and a response regulator (rr) component, which transmits the signal, resulting in an output such as activation of transcription, or of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. the genomes of the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, and candida albicans encode one, three, and three hks, respectively. in contra ... | 2003 | 14665450 |
| distribution and persistence of emamectin benzoate at efficacious concentrations in pine tissues after injection of a liquid formulation. | in an earlier paper the authors reported the creation of a novel emamectin benzoate 40 g litre(-1) liquid formulation (shot wan liquid formulation). the injection of this formulation exerted a preventative effect against the pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus (steiner & buhrer) nickle, and this effect lasted for at least 3 years. the present study was carried out to show experimentally that the marked effect of this formulation was due to the presence ... | 2004 | 14727740 |
| the tetraspanin bcpls1 is required for appressorium-mediated penetration of botrytis cinerea into host plant leaves. | animal tetraspanins are membrane proteins controlling cell adhesion, morphology and motility. in fungi, the tetraspanin mgpls1 controls an appressorial function required for the penetration of magnaporthe grisea into host plants. an orthologue of mgpls1, bcpls1, was identified in the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. we constructed a bcpls1::bar null mutant by targeted gene replacement. bcpls1::bar is not pathogenic on intact plant tissues of bean, tomato or rose, but it infec ... | 2004 | 14731267 |
| increased antifungal and chitinase specific activities of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 by addition of a cellulose binding domain. | trichoderma harzianum is a widely distributed soil fungus that antagonizes numerous fungal phytopathogens. the antagonism of t. harzianum usually correlates with the production of antifungal activities including the secretion of fungal cell walls that degrade enzymes such as chitinases. chitinases chit42 and chit33 from t. harzianum cect 2413, which lack a chitin-binding domain, are considered to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of this strain against plant pathogens. by adding ... | 2004 | 14740190 |
| characterisation of pythium paroecandrum and its antagonism towards botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of grey mould disease of grape. | pythium paroecandrum (b-30), an oomycete, was isolated from soil samples taken from a wheat field in genlis in the burgundy region of france and was found to check the growth and development of botrytis cinerea, a serious grapevine pathogen. the oomycete is a fast-growing organism, living on vegetable debris, and can be recognised by its catenulate hyphal swellings, catenulate oogonia, and monoclinous antheridia. when grown together with b. cinerea, the causal agent of the grey mould disease of ... | 2004 | 14757237 |
| [temperature re action of the respiratory process of botrytis cinerea]. | | 1952 | 14926653 |
| [the formation of fermentation inhibitory substances by botrytis cinerea]. | | 1952 | 14954603 |
| cyclophilin a and calcineurin functions investigated by gene inactivation, cyclosporin a inhibition and cdna arrays approaches in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | calcineurin phosphatase and cyclophilin a are cellular components involved in fungal morphogenesis and virulence. their roles were investigated in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea using gene inactivation, drug inhibition and cdna macroarrays approaches. first, the bcp1 gene coding for cyclophilin a was identified and inactivated by homologous recombination. the bcp1delta null mutant obtained was still able to develop infection structures but was altered in symptom development on bean ... | 2003 | 14651630 |
| a dynamic binomial sequential sampling plan for plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on broccoli and cauliflower in australia. | binomial sequential sampling plans have been used widely for monitoring invertebrate pest populations. such plans are typically based upon a single action threshold (at), which represents the level of infestation that the grower is prepared to accept before using a control measure. for many cropping systems this acceptable infestation level is likely to vary, being dependent on factors such as the growth stage of the crop and the value or demands of the destination market (e.g., local or high-qu ... | 2004 | 14998136 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of new n,o-acyl chitosan derivatives. | novel n,o-acyl chitosan (noac) derivatives were synthesized to examine their fungicidal activity against the gray mould fungus botrytis cinerea (leotiales: sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast fungus pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: magnaporth grisea). the fungicidal activity was evaluated by the radial growth bioassay. noac derivatives were more active against the two plant pathogens than chitosan itself, and the effect was concentration dependent. against b. cinerea, 4-chlorobutyryl chitosa ... | 2004 | 15003025 |
| properties of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein isolated from 'oroblanco' grapefruit. | polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) was extracted from 'oroblanco' grapefruit type (triploid pummelo-grapefruit) albedo tissue, purified and partially characterized. extraction was carried out at 4 degrees c with a high ionic strength extraction buffer. after dialysis and concentration by ultrafiltration the extract was chromatographed on concanavalin a-sepharose. the pgip activity was bound by the lectin and then eluted using 250 mm alpha-methyl mannopyranoside, resulting in a 17-fold p ... | 2004 | 15032836 |
| genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower. | the objective of this study was to investigate the influence that the species, form or cultivar exerts on the glucosinolate spectrum for glucosinolates and free sugars in selected vegetable species of the brassica genus (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck, brassica rapa var. alboglabra and brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). the results showed significant differences amongst the cultivar groups for the glucosinolate proportions as well as the contents of health-promoting and flavour-influenc ... | 2004 | 15053347 |
| synthesis and antifungal action of new tricyclazole analogues. | melanins are very important pigments for the survival and longevity of fungi, so their biosynthesis inhibition is a new biochemical target aiming at the discovery of selective fungicides. in this work is described the synthesis of new pyrazolo-thiazolo-triazole compounds, analogues of tricyclazole (a commercial antifungal product that acts by inhibiting melanin synthesis), and their biological activity was studied on some dermatophytes and phytopathogens. the compounds poorly inhibited the growt ... | 2004 | 15053543 |
| molecular characterization and in planta detection of sclerotinia sclerotiorum endopolygalacturonase genes. | sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a plant pathogenic ascomycete, secretes multiple pectinolytic enzymes that facilitate penetration, colonization, and maceration of the plant tissues. molecular analysis has previously revealed that the pectinolytic system of the fungus is organized as a multigene family, among which a subfamily of three members encoding for neutral endopolygalacturonase (endopg) isoforms has been characterized. here we describe the isolation and characterization of three additional endo ... | 2004 | 15057467 |
| role of lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis ga1 in the reduction of grey mould disease caused by botrytis cinerea on apple. | test of bacillus subtilis strain ga1 for its potential to control grey mould disease of apple caused by botrytis cinerea. | 2004 | 15078533 |
| involvement of the r2r3-myb, atmyb61, in the ectopic lignification and dark-photomorphogenic components of the det3 mutant phenotype. | overexpression of a pine myb, ptmyb4, in arabidopsis caused ectopic lignin deposition and allowed the plants to undergo photomorphogenesis even when they were grown in the dark. the phenotype caused by ptmyb4 overexpression was reminiscent of the previously characterised dark-photomorphogenic mutant, de-etiolated 3 (det3); consequently, we tested the hypothesis that myb misexpression may explain aspects of the det3 phenotype. we show here that atmyb61, a member of the arabidopsis r2r3-myb family ... | 2004 | 14690508 |
| the effect of botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves. | infection of tomato leaves with the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea resulted in substantial changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as in superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathione transferase (gst), and l-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh) activities. in the initial phase of the 5 d experiment cuzn sod was the most rapidly induced isoform (up to 209% of control), whereas later on its activity incre ... | 2004 | 14966215 |
| the effect of zeolite on the toxicity of lead to fungi. | in order to determine whether clinoptilolite, a naturally occurring zeolite, had any ameliorative effect on lead (pb) toxicity to fungi, a series of growth experiments were performed. three fungi, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea, and fusarium culmorum, were grown on appropriately amended solid agar media, and their linear extension rates determined. b. cinerea was 25% inhibited, as compared to a control, at 100 mg dm(-3) pb, and completely inhibited at 1000 mg dm(-3) pb. f. culmorum was comp ... | 1988 | 15092664 |
| phytotoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in cauliflower. | cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis cv. maghi) was grown in refined sand with complete nutrition (control) and at 0.5 mm each of co, cr and cu. in cauliflower, compared to that of excess cu or cr, the visible effects of excess co appeared first and were most pronounced. excess of each heavy metal restricted the biomass of cauliflower, concentrations of fe, chlorophylls a and b, protein and activity of catalase in leaves in the order co>cu>cr. the translocation of cr from roots to top ... | 2000 | 15092914 |
| cloning and expression of a putative transferrin cdna of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana. | a spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) transferrin cdna (cftf) was isolated and cloned from a cdna library that was constructed using mrna from fifth to sixth instar larvae. cftf cdna encoded a predicted protein of 681 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. cftf shared 72% and 74% identities at the amino acid level with transferrins of manduca sexta and bombyx mori, respectively. like other transferrins, cftf retains most of the n-terminal, iron-binding amino acid residu ... | 2004 | 15110871 |
| isolation of allicepin, a novel antifungal peptide from onion (allium cepa) bulbs. | from the bulbs of the onion allium cepa, a novel antifungal peptide distinct from the antimicrobial peptide previously reported from onion seeds was isolated. the antifungal peptide, designated allicepin, was purified with a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. allicepin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. the molecular weight ... | 2004 | 15113089 |
| nodule-enhanced protease inhibitor gene: emerging patterns of gene expression in nodule development on sesbania rostrata. | a novel marker for the early stages of nodulation of sesbania rostrata was found to encode a putative member of the kunitz family of protease inhibitors (srpi1). its expression was enhanced during nodulation, and was not up-regulated by wounding or upon infection with wide host-range pathogens. in situ expression patterns resembled those previously described for functions that may be implicated in delimiting infected nodule tissues from the rest of the plant. thus, srpi1 may be a component of a ... | 2004 | 14676288 |
| organic matter transformation in the environment investigated by quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy: studies on lignins. | the lignins separated from angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, peat and xylitic brown coal were investigated by quantitative epr. observed free radicals in lignins are sensitive to alkaline environment. gaseous ammonia interacting with solid lignins in resonance cavity shifts quinone-hydroquinone equilibria towards formation of semiquinone anions. complexation of copper(ii) by lignins causes drastic decrease of the semiquinones in the matrices. formation of lignin-pb(ii) complexes yielded radicals ... | 2004 | 15134739 |
| a new species of pythium isolated from burgundian vineyards and its antagonism towards botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of the grey mould disease. | during the course of an investigation on the pythiaceous fungi occurring in burgundian vineyards, three isolates of pythium were found, all of which were characterised by spherical to lemoniform, proliferating sporangia. only one out of these three isolates produced sexual characters (s-12) after prolonged incubation, but their asexual structures, temperature growth relationship and molecular characteristics were identical. saprolegnia-type internal proliferation of the sporangia, and phytophtho ... | 2004 | 15135532 |
| characterization of the antifungal activity on botrytis cinerea of the natural diterpenoids kaurenoic acid and 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid. | the antifungal activity on botrytis cinerea of the diterpenoids 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid and kaurenoic acid, obtained from the resinous exudates of pseudognaphalium vira vira, was determined. 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid reduced the mycelial growth of b. cinerea in solid and liquid media. additionally, the damage produced by the fungus on the surface of tomato leaves in the presence of the diterpenoids was evaluated. a higher protective effect was observed in the presence of the hydroxylated ... | 2004 | 15137820 |
| structure-activity relationships of derivatives of fusapyrone, an antifungal metabolite of fusarium semitectum. | fusapyrone (1) and deoxyfusapyrone (2) are two 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-2-pyrones isolated from fusarium semitectum that have considerable antifungal activity against molds. because of their low zootoxicity and selective action they are potentially utilizable along with biocontrol yeasts for control of postharvest crop diseases. seven derivatives of 1 (3 and 5-10) and one derivative of 2 (4) were obtained by chemical modifications of the glycosyl residue, the 2-pyrone ring, the aliphatic ... | 2004 | 15137845 |
| effects of various ozone exposures on the susceptibility of bean leaves (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to botrytis cinerea. | the effects of various ozone exposures in predisposing bean leaves (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to botrytis cinerea have been investigated under laboratory conditions. seedlings of two bean cultivars were exposed to incremental ozone concentrations (120, 180 and 270 microg m(-3) for 8-h day(-1)) for five days and primary leaves were subsequently inoculated with conidia suspended in water or in an inorganic phosphate solution (pi), and with mycelium. ozone injury increased with increasing ozone concen ... | 1994 | 15091685 |
| identification of botrytis cinerea genes up-regulated during infection and controlled by the galpha subunit bcg1 using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). | the galpha subunit bcg1 plays an important role during the infection of host plants by botrytis cinerea. delta bcg1 mutants are able to conidiate, penetrate host leaves, and produce small primary lesions. however, in contrast to the wild type, the mutants completely stop invasion of plant tissue at this stage; secondary lesions have never been observed. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to identify fungal genes whose expression on the host plant is specifically affected in bcg ... | 2004 | 15141958 |
| development of a selective medium for the determination of the spore concentrations of botrytis cinerea in the air. | gray mold, caused by botrytis cinerea, is an important disease that causes world-wide extensive damage to a wide range of economically important crops. when it is necessary to determine the spore concentration of botrytis cinerea in a certain area, it is important to develop a method that can capture the spores of botrytis cinerea and that can identify them. for the identification and enumeration of the plant pathogen botrytis cinerea in the environment the easiest method available for the momen ... | 2003 | 15151304 |
| activity of some chemicals in the control of botrytis cinerea on roses. | in the control of grey mould (botrytis cinerea) on rose petals all 15 tested fungicides used as a spray, suppressed very effectively development of necrosis. but the best results in suppression of necrosis development, more than 90% effectiveness gave: amistar 250 sc (azoxystrobin), bravo 500 sc (chlorothalonil), discus 500 wg (kresoxim methyl), euparen 50 wp (dichlofluanid) euparen multi 50 wg (tolyfluanid), folpan 80 wg (folpet), kaptan zaw. 50 wp (captan), penncozeb 80 wp (mancozeb), ronilan ... | 2003 | 15151307 |
| survey of the botrytis cinerea chitin synthase multigenic family through the analysis of six euascomycetes genomes. | we describe a strategy for systematic amplification of chitin synthase genes (chs) in the filamentous ascomycetes plant-pathogen botrytis cinerea using pcr with multiple degenerate primers designed on specific and conserved sequence motifs. eight distinct chs genes were isolated, named bcchs i, ii, iiia, iiib, iv, v, vi and vii. they probably constitute the entire chs multigenic family of this fungus, as revealed by careful analysis of six euascomycetes genomes. bcchs i, iiia, iiib, iv and vi ge ... | 2004 | 15153106 |
| structure--activity relationships in the fungistatic activity against botrytis cinerea of clovanes modified on ring c. | the preparation of clovanes 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9, which bear different levels of oxidation on ring c, is described for the first time. the biotransformation of compounds 5, 6, and 9 by the fungus botrytis cinerea is investigated, yielding compounds 10, 11, and 12, which are described for the first time, together with compounds 4-6, 8, and 9. the evaluation of the fungistatic activity against b. cinerea of compounds 6, 9, 12, 18, 19, 20, and 21 is reported. comparison of these results with previousl ... | 2004 | 15165139 |
| enniatins of fusarium sp. strain f31 and their inhibition of botrytis cinerea spore germination. | a spectrum of enniatins was isolated from fusarium sp. strain f31 by bioassay-guided isolation directed against botrytis cinerea. two new enniatins, j(2) (7) and j(3) (8), were co-isolated and both contained, in addition to three hydroxyisovaleric acid units, n-methylated l-alanine, l-valine, and l-isoleucine units, differing only in their primary sequence. two other enniatins, named enniatin j(1) (1) and enniatin k(1) (6), each containing two n-me-l-val units and one n-me-l-ala or alpha-n-me-l- ... | 2004 | 15165149 |
| synthesis and structure-activity study of fungicidal anilinopyrimidines leading to mepanipyrim (kif-3535) as an anti-botrytis agent. | a series of 2-anilinopyrimidines was prepared and their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea pers were examined. the activity fell sharply with any substitution on the anilinobenzene ring. substituents at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring greatly reduced the activity. substituents such as chloro, methoxy, methylamino, methyl or 1-propynyl were well tolerated at the 4- and 6-positions of the pyrimidine ring. among these substituents, the combination of methyl and 1-propynyl groups w ... | 2004 | 15119603 |
| identification of botrytis cinerea susceptibility loci in arabidopsis thaliana. | botrytis cinerea is a major pathogen of fruit and vegetable crops causing both pre- and post-harvest grey mould. we have analysed 16 arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for natural variation in b. cinerea susceptibility. susceptibility was associated with lower camalexin accumulation, and three ecotypes (cape verdi islands (cvi-0), slavice (sav-0) and kindalville (kin-0)) showed differential susceptibility to the two b. cinerea isolates used. subsequently, to better understand the genetic control of g ... | 2004 | 15086796 |
| tomato phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase inhibits cell death induced by bax and oxidative stresses in yeast and plants. | using a conditional life or death screen in yeast, we have isolated a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) gene encoding a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (lephgpx). the protein displayed reduced glutathione-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity, but differs from counterpart mammalian enzymes that instead contain an active seleno-cys. lephgpx functioned as a cytoprotector in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), preventing bax, hydrogen peroxide, and heat stress indu ... | 2004 | 15235116 |
| survival of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures. | to quantify and model the toxicity of brief exposures of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata to heated, aqueous ethanol solutions. these fungi are common postharvest decay pathogens of fresh grapes and other produce. sanitation of produce reduces postharvest losses caused by these and other pathogens. | 2004 | 15139929 |
| two cysteines in plant r2r3 myb domains participate in redox-dependent dna binding. | plant r2r3 myb domain proteins comprise one of the largest known families of transcription factors. discrete evolutionary steps have shaped the plant-specific r2r3 myb family from the broadly distributed r1r2r3 myb proteins. r1r2r3 myb domains have a single cys residue (cys-130) that needs to be reduced for dna binding and transcriptional activity. in contrast, most r2r3 myb domains contain two cysteines, cys-49 and cys-53, with cys-53 at the equivalent position as cys-130 in r1r2r3 myb. using t ... | 2004 | 15237103 |
| benzothiadiazole enhances resveratrol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine, meanwhile improving resistance to botrytis cinerea. | pre-harvest multiple treatments of grapevine (cv. merlot) with the plant activator benzothiadiazole (bth, 0.3 mm) enhanced trans-resveratrol content in berries by about 40%. an even more striking effect was observed on anthocyanin synthesis, particularly on malvidine 3-glucoside, malvidine 3-(6-o-acetyl)glucoside and malvidine 3-(6-o-p-coumaroyl)glucoside, whose amounts were more than doubled. these data were obtained with a novel and time-saving hplc method, set up for the simultaneous detectio ... | 2004 | 15237944 |
| the p450 monooxygenase bcaba1 is essential for abscisic acid biosynthesis in botrytis cinerea. | the phytopathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea is known to produce abscisic acid (aba), which is thought to be involved in host-pathogen interaction. biochemical analyses had previously shown that, in contrast to higher plants, the fungal aba biosynthesis probably does not proceed via carotenoids but involves direct cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate and subsequent oxidation steps. we present here evidence that this "direct" pathway is indeed the only one used by an aba-overproducing strain of ... | 2004 | 15240257 |
| alveolarin, a novel antifungal polypeptide from the wild mushroom polyporus alveolaris. | an antifungal polypeptide, with a molecular mass of 28 kda as judged by gel filtration and appearing as a single band with a molecular mass of 14 kda in sodium dodecyl suflate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom polyporus alveolaris. the antifungal polypeptide, designated as alveolarin, demonstrated an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola and physalospora piricola. alveola ... | 2004 | 15165727 |
| characterization of tomato endo-beta-1,4-glucanase cel1 protein in fruit during ripening and after fungal infection. | the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) cel1 protein was characterized in fruit using specific antibodies. two polypeptides ranging between 51 and 52 kda were detected in the pericarp, and polypeptides ranging between 49 and 51 kda were detected in locules. the polypeptides recognized by cel1 antiserum in fruit are within the size range predicted for cel1 protein and could be derived from heterogeneous glycosylation. cel1 protein accumulation was examined throu ... | 2004 | 15243740 |
| actinchinin, a novel antifungal protein from the gold kiwi fruit. | an antifungal protein designated actinchinin, with an n-terminal sequence different from that of the thaumatin-like antifungal protein from green kiwi fruit, was isolated from the gold kiwi fruit. the antifungal protein, unlike its counterpart from green kiwi fruit, did not exert antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea, but was active against fusarium oxysporum which was unresponsive to thaumatin-like protein from green kiwi fruit. actinchinin was isolated using a protocol that comprised io ... | 2004 | 15245867 |
| antifungal peptides, a heat shock protein-like peptide, and a serine-threonine kinase-like protein from ceylon spinach seeds. | two antifungal peptides (designated alpha- and beta-basrubrins) with molecular masses of 4-5 kda and distinct n-terminal sequences, and a peptide and a protein with n-terminal sequences resembling heat shock protein (hsp) and serine-threonine kinase, respectively, were isolated from seeds of the ceylon spinach basella rubra. the purification procedure entailed saline extraction, (nh4)2so4 precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ... | 2004 | 15245882 |
| 2-pyrones possessing antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. | the 2-pyrone sub-unit is found in a number of natural products possessing broad spectrum biological activity. such compounds are validated as being capable of binding to specific protein domains and able to exert a remarkable range of biological effects. in an effort to identify synthetic 2-pyrones with interesting biological effects, herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-substituted-6-methyl-2-pyrones. synthetic routes to 4-alkyl/alkenyl/aryl/alkynyl-6-methyl-2-pyrones h ... | 2004 | 15246105 |
| real-time pcr monitoring of fungal development in arabidopsis thaliana infected by alternaria brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. | reliable methods for disease severity assessment are of crucial importance in the study of plant pathogen interactions, either for disease diagnostic on the field or to assess phenotypical differences in plants or pathogen strains. currently, most of the assays used in fungal disease diagnostic rely on visual assessment of the symptoms, lesion diameter measurement or spore counting. however, these tests are tedious and often cannot discriminate between slightly different levels of resistance. be ... | 2004 | 15191738 |
| airway toxicity of house dust and its fungal composition. | house dust is an important source of different toxic metabolites as well as allergens, including those of fungal origin, in the indoor environment. a bio-assay employing 1-day-old chick tracheas was used to characterize airway effects of 2-butanone and dimethylsulphoxide (me2so) extracts of 23 dust samples collected from water damaged (13) and control (10) danish schools. direct microscopical analysis of samples, followed by cultivation on dichloran 18 % glycerol agar at 25 degrees c for 10 days ... | 2004 | 15236501 |
| an aspartic proteinase gene family in the filamentous fungus botrytis cinerea contains members with novel features. | botrytis cinerea, an important fungal plant pathogen, secretes aspartic proteinase (ap) activity in axenic cultures. no cysteine, serine or metalloproteinase activity could be detected. proteinase activity was higher in culture medium containing bsa or wheat germ extract, as compared to minimal medium. a proportion of the enzyme activity remained in the extracellular glucan sheath. ap was also the only type of proteinase activity in fluid obtained from b. cinerea-infected tissue of apple, pepper ... | 2004 | 15256589 |
| ethylene response factor 1 mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungus fusarium oxysporum. | ethylene response factor 1 (erf1) is a transcriptional factor from arabidopsis thaliana that regulates plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungi botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina and whose overexpression enhances resistance to these fungi. here, we show that erf1 also mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungi fusarium oxysporum sp. conglutinans and f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, because its constitutive expression in arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to these ... | 2004 | 15242170 |
| screening extracts of achyranthes japonica and rumex crispus for activity against various plant pathogenic fungi and control of powdery mildew. | methanol extracts of fresh materials of 183 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea, corticium sasaki, botrytis cinerea, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita and erysiphe graminis f sp hordei. among them, 33 plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90% against at least one of six plant diseases. the methanol extracts of achyranthes japonica (whole plant) and rumex crispus (roots) at concentrations greater than 11 g fresh weight of ... | 2004 | 15307672 |
| a family of glycosyl hydrolase family 45 cellulases from the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | we have characterized a family of ghf45 cellulases from the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. the absence of such genes from other nematodes and their similarity to fungal genes suggests that they may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (hgt) from fungi. the cell wall degrading enzymes of other plant parasitic nematodes may have been acquired by hgt from bacteria. b. xylophilus is not directly related to other plant parasites and our data therefore suggest that horizontal ... | 2004 | 15304348 |
| 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. | a novel antifungal pyrazole derivative was synthesized. designated 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, the compound exerted an antifungal effect toward botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. in fact, our results clearly show that mycelial growth and conidial germination of both fungi were blocked by the compound. indeed, a 96-well microbioassay procedure was used for fast and easy evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). the mic values for ... | 2004 | 15337431 |
| enhancement of the antifungal activity of bacillus subtilis f29-3 by the chitinase encoded by bacillus circulans chia gene. | bacillus subtilis f29-3 is an antagonistic bacterium against a wide range of fungal species. in order to determine the effect of chitinase on the antifungal activity of b. subtilis f29-3, a 2.4-kb dna fragment containing the chia gene of bacillus circulans wl-12 was ligated into a shuttle vector phy300plk and transformed into b. subtilis f29-3. a bioassay conducted on the culture supernatant showed that, in comparison to the b. subtilis control strain, b. subtilis f29-3 expressing the chia gene ... | 2004 | 15284891 |