| the complete genome sequence of the pathogenic intestinal spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli and comparison with other brachyspira genomes. | the anaerobic spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli colonizes the large intestine of various species of birds and mammals, including humans. it causes "intestinal spirochetosis", a condition characterized by mild colitis, diarrhea and reduced growth. this study aimed to sequence and analyse the bacterial genome to investigate the genetic basis of its specialized ecology and virulence. | 2010 | 20625514 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains isolated in japan from 1985 to 2009. | the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 72 brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates collected from clinical cases of swine dysentery (sd) in 11 prefectures in japan between 1985 and 2009 were investigated by an agar dilution method using five antimicrobial agents. there is a tendency of japanese field isolates of b. hyodysenteriae to acquire resistance to the main antimicrobials used in sd treatment such as tiamulin, valnemulin, and efrotomycin. a responsible approach for selection and use of antimicro ... | 2010 | 20697185 |
| the major surface vsp proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae form antigenic protein complexes. | the vsp proteins are the major outer membrane proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery. eight vsp genes have been identified in b. hyodysenteriae strain b204, arranged into two four-gene loci, and at least two of the corresponding proteins are produced in vitro. the aims of this study were to characterise the vsp genes of the virulent australian b. hyodysenteriae strain x576 and their corresponding proteins, genomic sequence comparison with strains b204 and ... | 2010 | 21036493 |
| exposure to norepinephrine enhances brachyspira pilosicoli growth, attraction to mucin and attachment to caco-2 cells. | brachyspira pilosicoli is an anaerobic intestinal spirochaete that colonizes the large intestine of a variety of species of birds and mammals, including human beings. colonization may result in a mild colitis and diarrhoea in a condition known as 'intestinal spirochaetosis'. the catecholamine norepinephrine (ne), which is known to influence the behaviour of many bacterial species, may be present in the colon. the purpose of the current study was to determine whether exposure of b. pilosicoli to ... | 2010 | 21051488 |
| allelic variations of the nox gene of brachyspira pilosicoli impair its detection by qpcr. | | 2010 | 21129860 |
| observations of variable inter-observer agreement for clinical evaluation of faecal consistency in grow-finishing pigs. | inter-observer agreement for assessment of faecal consistency in pigs was evaluated using a scoring system with 3 categories. in a pilot study, 3 observers performed an examination of faecal samples post-collection. the samples were obtained from pigs (12-13 weeks old) in 4 herds with a history of diarrhoea associated with lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira spp. and/or porcine circovirus type 2. observer 1 examined all the faecal samples from the 4 herds. observer 2 only examined the faecal s ... | 2010 | 21183234 |
| [swine dysentery eradication in a grower-finisher farm in switzerland]. | on a swiss grower-finisher farm blood-tinged-diarrhoea in pigs weighing 40 to 60 kg was observed during several months, resulting in reduced feed efficiency and a prolonged fattening period. as part of a research project, in february 2007 faecal samples were analysed and one diseased pig was euthanised and sent for necropsy where typical gut lesions indicative for a brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae infection were found. b. hyodysenteriae was demonstrated by pcr in 4 out of 5 faecal samples. the p ... | 2011 | 21210368 |
| investigations on the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of intestinal trichomonads in pigs using in situ hybridization. | in pigs, three different trichomonad species (tritrichomonas foetus, tetratrichomonas buttreyi and tritrichomonas rotunda) have been described as commensals in the large intestine. the aim of this study was to gain further knowledge on the prevalence and pathogenicity of trichomonads in pigs by using a morphology-based approach. chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a technique which allows direct localization of the protozoa in the intestinal tissue and correlation of the infection with pa ... | 2010 | 21236578 |
| transmission of swine pathogens: different means, different needs. | there seems to be two main types of pathogens that cause diseases in swine: those that are mainly introduced through direct pig contacts, and those that are often, and in some situations mainly introduced by indirect transmission means. in this review, the mange mite (sarcoptes scabiei), toxigenic pasteurella multocida and brachyspira hyodysenteriae will be used as examples of the first type, and foot and mouth disease virus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory synd ... | 2011 | 21241537 |
| complete genome sequence of brachyspira murdochii type strain (56-150). | brachyspira murdochii stanton et al. 1992 is a non-pathogenic, host-associated spirochete of the family brachyspiraceae. initially isolated from the intestinal content of a healthy swine, the 'group b spirochaetes' were first described as serpulina murdochii. members of the family brachyspiraceae are of great phylogenetic interest because of the extremely isolated location of this family within the phylum 'spirochaetes'. here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete ... | 2010 | 21304710 |
| identification of a new steroid degrading bacterial strain h5 from the baltic sea and isolation of two estradiol inducible genes. | the presence of steroid hormones in the aquatic environment is potentially threatening the population dynamics of all kinds of sea animals and public health. environmental estrogens in water have been reported to be associated with abnormal sexual development and abnormal feminizing responses in some animals. new approaches for the bioremediation of steroid hormones from the environment are therefore urgently sought. we have previously isolated a steroid degrading bacterial strain (h5) from the ... | 2011 | 21310233 |
| faecal excretion of intestinal spirochaetes by urban dogs, and their pathogenicity in a chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis. | this study aimed to obtain information about the types of spirochaetes colonising urban dogs in thailand, and to investigate their pathogenic potential in a day-old chick model of intestinal spirochaetosis. spirochaetes were isolated from the faeces of six of 47 (12.8%) healthy dogs and 11 of 104 (10.6%) dogs with diarrhoea. their biochemical properties and 16s ribosomal dna sequences were analysed. four isolates were identified as brachyspira pilosicoli, three resembled "brachyspira pulli", nin ... | 2011 | 21320714 |
| typhlocolitis associated with spirochaetes in duck flocks. | the aetiology of increased mortality observed in two breeder duck flocks (flock a consisting of 3500 laying ducks and flock b comprising 4300 laying ducks) during the first egg-laying season was studied. in flocks a and b, 773 ducks and 715 ducks (18.4% and 16.6%) died within a 24-week and a 20-week period, respectively. death was preceded by clinical signs including movement difficulties, lack of appetite and depression lasting for 1 to 2 days. diarrhoea was not observed. on gross pathological ... | 2011 | 21331945 |
| evidence that the 36kb plasmid of brachyspira hyodysenteriae contributes to virulence. | swine dysentery (sd) results from infection of the porcine large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. recently the genome of virulent australian b. hyodysenteriae strain wa1 was sequenced, and a 36kilobase (kb) circular plasmid was identified. the plasmid contained 31 genes including six rfb genes that were predicted to be involved with rhamnose biosynthesis, and others associated with glycosylation. in the current study a set of pcrs was developed to a ... | 2011 | 21458173 |
| characterisation of multiresistant brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from czech pig farms. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of clonal spread of brachyspira hyodysenteriae resistant to pleuromutilins (tiamulin, valnemulin) on farms in the czech republic. agar dilution method and macrorestriction fragment profile analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used to characterise 35 b hyodysenteriae isolates that were obtained from clinical cases of swine dysentery on 32 farms between 2000 and 2005. most isolates showed multiple resistances to tiamulin, val ... | 2011 | 21493555 |
| typing of brachyspira spp. from rodents, pigs and chickens on swedish farms. | the aim of the current study was to look for evidence of possible cross-species transmission of brachyspira species between rodents and farm animals. to do this, previously collected and characterised brachyspira isolates from rodents, pigs and chickens on the same farms were analysed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). isolates with similar rapd banding patterns were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical isolates of brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira inter ... | 2011 | 21497461 |
| the use of quantitative pcr for identification and quantification of brachyspira pilosicoli, lawsonia intracellularis and escherichia coli fimbrial types f4 and f18 in pig feces. | four quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays were evaluated for quantitative detection of brachyspira pilosicoli, lawsonia intracellularis, and e. coli fimbrial types f4 and f18 in pig feces. standard curves were based on feces spiked with the respective reference strains. the detection limits from the spiking experiments were 10(2) bacteria/g feces for bpilo-qpcr and laws-qpcr, 10(3)cfu/g feces for f4-qpcr and f18-qpcr. the pcr efficiency for all four qpcr assays was between 0.91 and 1.01 with r(2) abov ... | 2011 | 21530108 |
| trends towards lower antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of acquired resistance among clinical isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae in spain. | antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae in spain was monitored and the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance were investigated. minimal inhibitory concentrations of tylosin, tiamulin, valnemulin, lincomycin and tylvalosin were determined for 87 b. hyodysenteriae isolates recovered from 2008 to 2009 by broth dilution. domain v of the 23s rrna gene and the ribosomal protein l3 gene were sequenced in 20 isolates with tiamulin mic ≥4 μg/ml, presenting ... | 2011 | 21555771 |
| enterohepatic helicobacter species | most of the members of the genus
helicobacter do not normally colonize the gastric mucosa, but
instead thrive in the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tract and/or the liver of
humans, other mammals, and birds. these enterohepatic helicobacter
species have features of ultrastructure and physiology in common with helicobacter pylori and the other gastric
helicobacter species, and have been the subject of several recent
... | 2001 | 21290746 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of brachyspira intermedia isolates from european layers. | a broth microdilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 20 brachyspira intermedia isolates obtained from different layer flocks in belgium and the netherlands between 2008 and 2010. the antimicrobial agents used were tylosin, tilmicosin, tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, and lincomycin. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) distribution patterns of tylosin, tilmicosin, lincomycin, and doxycycline were bimodal, demonstrating acquired resistance against doxycyc ... | 2011 | 21663534 |
| experimental inoculation of day-old ducks with brachyspira pilosicoli and b. alvinipulli. | two groups of one-day-old peking ducklings (groups i and ii, 12 birds/group) were inoculated orally with brachyspira pilosicoli and two groups with b. alvinipulli (groups iii and iv, 12 birds/group). t-2 toxin was added to the feed of groups ii and iv in a dose of 1 mg/kg of feed. groups v and vi served as uninfected control groups (ducks of group vi received t-2 toxin). the body weight gain of the ducks was measured and clinical signs were monitored continuously. the birds were sacrificed and n ... | 2011 | 21665570 |
| lactobacilli antagonize the growth, motility, and adherence of brachyspira pilosicoli: a potential intervention against avian intestinal spirochetosis. | avian intestinal spirochetosis (ais) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenic brachyspira species. the number of cases of ais has increased since the 2006 european union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance in brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, ... | 2011 | 21666022 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of brachyspira spp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to tylosin, valnemulin, tiamulin, doxycycline, lincomycin and ampicillin was investigated by broth dilution in 48 brachyspira spp. isolates from commercial laying hens (n=30) and free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) (n=18). presumed pathogens (brachyspira alvinipulli, brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira pilosicoli), commensals (brachyspira murdochii, brachyspira innocens, "brachyspira pulli"), and isolates of undetermined species affiliation were i ... | 2011 | 21812718 |
| bloodstream infection due to brachyspira pilosicoli in a patient with multiorgan failure. | brachyspira pilosicoli is an etiological agent of human intestinal spirochetosis. bloodstream infection due to this microorganism is rare. we report a case of b. pilosicoli bacteremia in a 70-year-old patient who presented with multiorgan failure. | 2011 | 21832021 |
| a high dietary concentration of inulin is necessary to reduce the incidence of swine dysentery in pigs experimentally challenged with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | a total of sixty surgically castrated male pigs (large white-á+ù-álandrace) weighing 31-à2 (sd 4-à3)-ákg were used in a randomised block experiment to examine the effect of added dietary inulin (0, 20, 40 and 80-ág/kg) on the occurrence of swine dysentery (sd) and on fermentation characteristics in the large intestine after experimental challenge with the causative spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the pigs were allowed to adapt to the diets for 2 weeks before each pig was challenged orall ... | 2011 | 21736788 |
| telling the whole story in a 10,000-genome world. | abstract: | 2011 | 21714939 |
| evaluation of the use of recombinant bhlp29.7 in immunoblotting with pig serum as a means to identify herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | aims:ôçé aim of the study is to evaluate the use of recombinant bhlp29.7 in immunoblotting with sera as a means to detect pig herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. methods and results:ôçé sera samples from 789 sows and rectal swabs from 838 pigs of various categories on 22 farms of different size (median 450 animals), production type and history of swine dysentery (sd) were examined. sera from 378 sows from farms with previous sd history were examined via immunoblotting. specific antib ... | 2011 | 21838749 |
| complete genome sequence of brachyspira intermedia reveals unique genomic features in brachyspira species and phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. | abstract: | 2011 | 21816042 |
| Demonstration of genes encoding virulence and virulence life-style factors in Brachyspira spp. isolates from pigs. | The distribution of many genes encoding virulence and virulence life-style (VL-S) factors in Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and other Brachyspira species are largely unknown. Their knowledge is essential e.g. for the improvement of diagnostic methods targeting the detection and differentiation of the species. Thus 121 German Brachyspira field isolates from diarrhoeic pigs were characterized down to the species level by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the nox gene and subseq ... | 2011 | 22047713 |
| a 14-year-old with rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. | | 2011 | 21970991 |
| phenotypic and genetic diversity among intestinal spirochaetes (genus brachyspira) in free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) sampled in southern sweden. | brachyspira spp. are anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes that colonize vertebrates. some species cause enteric diseases in pigs, chickens and possibly in humans, whereas others display a commensual relationship with their hosts. the aims were to investigate the prevalence among colonized free-living wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) of three enteropathogenic brachyspira spp., and to describe the biodiversity of brachyspira spp. isolates. isolates from 150 birds were screened by pcr for 3 pathogen ... | 2011 | 22036527 |
| Analysis of bacterial load and prevalence of mixed infections with Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and/or Brachyspira pilosicoli in German pigs with diarrhoea. | Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli are important pathogens in domestic pig production world-wide, responsible for porcine intestinal adenomatosis, swine dysentery, and porcine intestinal spirochetosis, respectively. Conventional PCR is the major diagnostic tool in the detection of the three pathogens, but the sole detection of bacterial DNA might lead to misinterpretations of results with respect to their clinical relevance, especially with mixed inf ... | 2011 | 22059295 |
| the use of elisas for monitoring exposure of pig herds to brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | abstract: background: swine dysentery (sd), a mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoeal disease of pigs, results from infection of the large intestine with the spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. elisa systems using whole spirochaete cells (wc) and the b. hyodysenteriae outer membrane lipoprotein bhlp29.7 previously have been established as potential diagnostic tools for sd. however, their true value in identifying infected herds remains unclear. the present study aimed to compare the performance of whol ... | 2012 | 22248341 |