| identification and sequence analysis of a 27-kilobase chromosomal fragment containing a salmonella pathogenicity island located at 92 minutes on the chromosome map of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | using a genomic approach, we have identified a new salmonella pathogenicity island, spi-4, which is the fourth salmonella pathogenicity island to be identified. spi-4 was located at 92 min on the chromosome map and was flanked by the ssb and soxsr loci. the dna sequence covering the entire spi-4 and both boundaries was determined. the size of spi-4 was about 25 kb and it contains 18 putative open reading frames (orfs). three of these orfs encode proteins that have significant homology with prote ... | 1998 | 9632606 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis show increased outer membrane permeability to hydrophobic agents which correlates with lipopolysaccharide acyl-chain fluidity. | the hydrophobic probe n-phenyl-1-naphthylamine accumulated less in non-pathogenic yersinia spp. and non-pathogenic and pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica than in yersinia pseudotuberculosis or yersinia pestis. this was largely due to differences in the activity of efflux systems, but also to differences in outer membrane permeability because uptake of the probe in kcn/arsenate-poisoned cells was slower in the former group than in y. pseudotuberculosis and y. pestis. the probe accumulation rate w ... | 1998 | 9639922 |
| salmonella virulence plasmid. modular acquisition of the spv virulence region by an f-plasmid in salmonella enterica subspecies i and insertion into the chromosome of subspecies ii, iiia, iv and vii isolates. | the spv operon is common to all salmonella virulence plasmids. dna hybridization analysis indicates that the spv region is limited in distribution to serovars of salmonella enterica subspecies i, ii, iiia, iv, and vii and is absent from salmonella bongori isolates. among strains of subspecies ii, iiia, and vii, all isolates examined contained sequences that hybridized with the spv region. however, among isolates of subspecies i, dna sequences capable of hybridizing with the spv region were found ... | 1998 | 9649513 |
| typhaea stercorea (coleoptera: mycetophagidae), a carrier of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in a danish broiler house. | in december 1994, salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) was accidentally introduced into a danish broiler house by stocking an s. infantis-infected broiler flock of 39,900 day-old chicks. at the time of the study, the infection had persisted through 6 broiler cycles. typhaea stercorea (l.), the hairy fungus beetle, was found in large quantities inside and around the broiler house. various attempts to control the beetle had failed; t. stercorea had been uncontrollable on the farm sin ... | 1998 | 9650515 |
| chromosomal rearrangements in salmonella enterica serotype typhi affecting molecular typing in outbreak investigations. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi strains belonging to eight different outbreaks of typhoid fever that occurred in spain between 1989 and 1994 were analyzed by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. for three outbreaks, two different patterns were detected for each outbreak. the partial digestion analysis by the intron-encoded endonuclease i-ceui of the two different strains from each outbreak provided an excellent tool for examining the organization of the genomes of epidemiologicall ... | 1998 | 9650981 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes, salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli from swine herds with and without diarrhoea among growing pigs. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was optimized to detect lawsonia intracellularis in faeces from naturally infected pigs. by combining a boiling procedure to extract dna and a nested pcr procedure, a detection limit at 2 x 10(2) bacterial cells per gram of faeces was achieved. the optimized pcr was used together with conventional culture techniques to detect serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes (wbhis), salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli, in ... | 1998 | 9659692 |
| interpretations of antibody responses to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis gm flagellin in poultry flocks are enhanced by a kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | many regulatory and diagnostic programs for the detection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infection in commercial poultry flocks have relied on rapid pullorum agglutination tests to screen birds because of the shared antigens of s. enterica enteritidis and s. enterica pullorum and gallinarum; however, the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format affords better analytical sensitivity than crude agglutination tests. in this study, we adapted our earlier conventional ... | 1998 | 9665965 |
| characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed at the lipopolysaccharide of chlamydia pneumoniae. | identification of protective epitopes is one of the first steps in the development of a subunit vaccine. one approach to accomplishing this is to identify structures or epitopes by using monoclonal antibodies (mab) that can attenuate infectivity in vitro and in vivo. to date attempts to use this approach with chlamydia pneumoniae have failed. this report is the first description of a mab directed to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia that neutralizes both in vitro and in vivo the infectiv ... | 1998 | 9673271 |
| enteric bacterial pathogens, villus atrophy and microbial growth. | the effects of three bacterial pathogens on the villus architecture of small intestines and the role that bacterial virulence factors play in pathogenesis are described. bacterial pathogens cause a spectrum of effects ranging from severe tissue damage to a lack of perceptible damage. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, which cause acute and severe diarrhea, does so by producing potent toxins, but these toxins act by altering the biological activity in epithelial cells. however, the cells are not d ... | 1998 | 9689730 |
| experimental and natural infection of early weaned pigs with salmonella choleraesuis. | a model for experimental and natural infection of early weaned pigs with salmonella choleraesuis, the aetiologic agent of swine paratyphoid, has been developed. an oral dose of 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of s choleraesuis caused 100 per cent infection of 10 pigs inoculated, as indicated by recovery of the challenge organism from ileocolic lymph nodes collected at necropsy seven days post challenge. seven of the pigs were observed shedding s choleraesuis at least once post s choleraesuis ch ... | 1998 | 9690614 |
| [the roles of heat shock proteins in host defense against bacterial infection]. | heat shock proteins (hsp) are widely distributed in nature, and are highly conserved proteins among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. these proteins are known to be involved in cytoprotection against various stress conditions including bacterial infection, and immune responses to various pathogens such as bacteria. in this study, we showed that hsp70 protected macrophages infected with salmonella choleraesuis against tnf-alpha-induced cell death. furthermore, hsp70-reactive cd4+ t cells appeared durin ... | 1998 | 9691765 |
| a community-based outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium associated with salami consumption in northern italy. | an outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium belonging to phage type (pt) 193 occurred in autumn 1995 and involved 83 individuals in a large area of northern italy (lombardy region). epidemiological and microbiological investigations of strains isolated from clinical and food specimens revealed that the vehicle was a batch of salami, produced on 4 september 1995 by a local firm. the outbreak was contained when the batch was withdrawn from sale. insufficient ripening of the salami had ... | 1998 | 9692597 |
| is200 fingerprint of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium human strains isolated in sardinia. | a collection of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium human strains isolated in northern sardinia (italy) was examined for the insertion sequence is200, phage type, antibiotic profile, ribotyping polymorphisms and plasmid profile. all clinical isolates studied contained from 4 to 10 copies of the is200 element. is200 permitted to discriminate typhimurium strains and to identify five is200 types, some of them circulating in sardinia at least since 1900. strains belonging to phage dt104 predomi ... | 1998 | 9692598 |
| epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica enteritidis isolates in japan by phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates of phage types (pts) pt1, pt4, pt13a and pt22 derived from sporadic cases and outbreaks of food poisoning in japan during 1994 and 1995 were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). while pt1 strains from 5 different outbreaks showed 14 pfge patterns, 5 pfge patterns were observed among pt4 isolates from 5 different outbreaks and 6 independent isolates from imported chicken. interestingly, 8 out of 9 pt4 strains associated with foreig ... | 1998 | 9692599 |
| antibiotic resistance amongst salmonella enterica species isolated in the republic of ireland. | | 1998 | 9700542 |
| expression of the o antigen gene cluster is regulated by rfah through the jumpstart sequence. | o antigen genes are clustered, with a jumpstart sequence located upstream. jumpstart is a 39-bp sequence, present upstream of many polysaccharide gene clusters and also upstream of haemolysin and f factor gene clusters. rfah is known to regulate the expression of e. coli group ii capsule, haemolysin, f factor and the outer core of lipopolysaccharide all of which have the jumpstart sequence, and has been shown to function as a transcriptional antiterminator in some cases. using lacz fusions to ge ... | 1998 | 9711858 |
| low endotoxic potential of legionella pneumophila lipopolysaccharide due to failure of interaction with the monocyte lipopolysaccharide receptor cd14. | legionella pneumophila, a gram-negative bacterium causing legionnaires' disease and pontiac fever, was shown to be highly reactive in in vitro gelation of limulus lysate but not able to induce fever and the local shwartzman reaction in rabbits and mice. we analyzed the capacity of purified l. pneumophila lipopolysaccharide (lps-lp) to induce activation of the human monocytic cell line mono mac 6, as revealed by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and desensitization to subsequent lps stimulat ... | 1998 | 9712761 |
| successful treatment of murine listeriosis and salmonellosis with levofloxacin. | levofloxacin (l-ofloxacin) is a fluoroquinolone derivative. it is the active substance contained in ofloxacin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. in this work we examined the activity of levofloxacin against the facultative intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium in vitro, in tissue culture and in animal models of infection. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) mic90 for salmonella enteric ... | 1998 | 9720471 |
| characterisation of recently emerged multiple antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 and other multiresistant phage types from danish pig herds. | a total of 670 isolates of salmonella enterica were isolated from danish pig herds, phage typed and tested for susceptibility to amoxycillin + clavulanate, ampicillin, colistin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim + sulphadiazine. s enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) isolates resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline and three isolates of s typhimurium dt104, two from 1994 and one from 1995, were further tested f ... | 1998 | 9725173 |
| phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on rrna sequences. | to establish the phylogenetic relationships between the subspecies of salmonella enterica (official name salmonella choleraesuis), salmonella bongori and related members of enterobacteriaceae, sequence comparison of rrna was performed by maximum-likelihood analysis. the two salmonella species were separated by 16s rrna analysis and found to be closely related to the escherichia coli and shigella complex by both 16s and 23s rrna analyses. the diphasic serotypes s. enterica subspp. i and vi were s ... | 1998 | 9731304 |
| multiple antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. | | 1998 | 9734924 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of some flagellin genes of salmonella enterica. | salmonellae often have the ability to express two different flagellar antigen specificities (phase 1 and phase 2). at the cell level, only one flagellar phase is expressed at a time. two genes, flic, encoding phase-1 flagellin, and fljb, encoding phase-2 flagellin, are alternatively expressed. flagellin genes from 264 serovars of salmonella enterica were amplified by two phase-specific pcr systems. amplification products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis ... | 1998 | 9738029 |
| [agglutination of hen egg-yolk immunoglobulins (igy) against salmonella enterica, serovar enteritidis]. | two groups of 6 laying hens were used to produce igy. in the vaccinated group (v), hens were injected by intramuscular route with two doses of a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis bacterin at 20-day interval. in the control group (t) hens remained unvaccinated. four igy extractions were performed on the egg production of both groups. the first two extractions were carried out using the yolks obtained from the eggs produced during the 4th and 5th post-vaccination week (extracts 1v and 1t) an ... | 1998 | 9744035 |
| a south australian salmonella mbandaka outbreak investigation using a database to select controls. | between april and june 1996, 15 persons with salmonella enterica serovar mbandaka infection were reported in south australia (population 1.6 million) compared with 12 over the previous five years. to identify a possible source for the infections a case control study was conducted. | 1998 | 9744205 |
| resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic-, zoonotic- and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in denmark: a baseline study for the danish integrated antimicrobial resistance monitoring programme (danmap). | this study describes the establishment and first results of a continuous surveillance system of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from pigs, cattle and broilers in denmark. the three categories of bacteria tested were: 1) indicator bacteria (escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium), 2) zoonotic bacteria (campylobacter coli/jejuni, salmonella enterica, yersinia enterocolitica), and 3) animal pathogens (e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphyl ... | 1998 | 9744762 |
| plasmid profile analysis and antibiotic resistance of salmonella strains from clinical isolates in cluj-napoca. | resistance patterns, plasmid profiles and the genetic resistance determinants were investigated in 38 isolates of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and 19 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis derived from children hospitalized in two clinics in cluj-napoca, during the period of 1995-1997. incidence of plasmid and antibiotic resistance was very high in salmonella typhimurium isolates. all strains were resistant to almost all antibiotics tested but susceptible to the third ge ... | 1997 | 9745325 |
| evolution of host adaptation in salmonella enterica. | | 1998 | 9746553 |
| identification of two laminin-binding fimbriae, the type 1 fimbria of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and the g fimbria of escherichia coli, as plasminogen receptors. | escherichia coli strains carrying recombinant plasmids encoding either the type 1 fimbria of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium or the g fimbria of e. coli exhibited binding of human 125i-glu-plasminogen and enhanced the tissue-type plasminogen activator-catalyzed conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. purified type 1 or g fimbriae similarly bound plasminogen and enhanced its activation. the binding of plasminogen did not involve the characteristic carbohydrate-binding property of the fimbri ... | 1998 | 9746604 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections. | | 1998 | 9750090 |
| restriction enzyme analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic dna amplicons of salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis pt4 and typhimurium dt104. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis pt4 and typhimurium dt104 isolates were characterized using a random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) protocol found previously to be highly discriminatory for isolates of salmonella. profiles generated with a single primer 1254, and independently 1283, successfully characterized an outbreak strain of enteritidis pt4 but could not differentiate epidemiologically unrelated strains of enteritidis pt4 from the outbreak strains. primer 1254 differentia ... | 1998 | 9750319 |
| [disinfection of medical and surgical equipment: efficacy of chemical disinfectants and water and soap]. | in this experimental study we compared the previous descontamination efficacy of the medical surgical materials by the use of chemical disinfectants and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap, as well as verified the organic material interference in these procedures. to carry out this study, we used surgical pincers under contamination with: staphylococcus aureus atcc-6538, salmonella cholerae suis atcc-10708, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc-15442 in presence and absence of organic matter ( ... | 1998 | 9752260 |
| isolation and characterization of salmonella enterica weltevreden cytotoxin. | cytotoxin of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar weltevreden (bm-1643), isolated from buffalo meat, was purified and characterized physicochemically and immunologically. cell-free culture supernatant (cfcs) of the organism showing marked cytotoxicity to vero cells and least enterotoxicity to rabbit ligated ileal loop (rlil) model, was salt precipitated with ammonium sulphate (60% saturation level) and dialysed. precipitated dialysed preparation (60% pdp) when filtered through sephade ... | 1998 | 9754063 |
| antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | in order to analyse the development of antibiotic resistance in salmonella spp., a total of 262 salmonella strains isolated in 1987 (n = 148) and in 1996 (n = 114) from clinical specimens in wurzburg, germany, were tested in parallel by the agar diffusion method. in 1987. most of the strains were salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (42.6%), whereas in 1996 most were salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (68.4%). the majority of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates was fully ... | 1998 | 9758275 |
| [benign intracranial hypertension after treatment with pefloxacin]. | | 1998 | 9759304 |
| multiple change-point analysis applied to the monitoring of salmonella prevalence in danish pigs and pork. | in the nation-wide salmonella control program in denmark, the occurrence of salmonella enterica in pork, pigs at slaughter and herds is monitored. the objective of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate changes in sero-prevalence of meat juice samples and in the occurrence of salmonella enterica in pork in 1995 and 1996. three sets of data were used in this work: (1) serological test results of meat juice samples from pigs at slaughter (approximately 14000 samples per week); (2) bacte ... | 1998 | 9762734 |
| sequencing of escherichia coli o111 o-antigen gene cluster and identification of o111-specific genes. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli strains of serogroup o111 are the most frequently isolated non-o157 strains causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the o111 o-antigen gene cluster had been cloned and about half of it has been sequenced; we have now sequenced the remainder of the gene cluster, which is 12.5 kb in length and which comprises 11 genes. on the basis of sequence similarity, we have identified all the o-antigen genes expected, including five su ... | 1998 | 9774562 |
| extraintestinal salmonellosis in a general hospital (1991 to 1996): relationships between salmonella genomic groups and clinical presentations. | episodes of extraintestinal salmonellosis treated at a general hospital (1,522 beds) over a 6-year period (1991 to 1996) were characterized by the analysis of phenotypic and genotypic traits of salmonella organisms and clinical data from medical reports. extraintestinal salmonellosis accounted for 8% of all salmonellosis episodes. fifty-two medical reports, dealing with 6 cases of typhoid fever, 32 cases of bacteremia, and 14 focal infections, were reviewed. all cases of typhoid fever except 1, ... | 1998 | 9774581 |
| molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are unique and complex glycolipids that provide characteristic components of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. in lps of the enterobacteriaceae, the core oligosaccharide links a highly conserved lipid a to the antigenic o-polysaccharide. structural diversity in the core oligosaccharide is limited by the constraints imposed by its essential role in outer membrane stability and provides a contrast to the hypervariable o-antigen. the genetics of core ... | 1998 | 9791168 |
| [quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica]. | nalidixic acid resistance is a marker of quinolone sensibility in salmonella spp. in our laboratory we observed an increase of nalidixic acid resistant strains from 0.44% in 1990 to 13.7% in 1996. the purpose of this work was to study the evolution of nalidixic acid resistance in salmonella spp., as well as the association with certain serotypes and the cross-resistance to others agents. a total of 1,782 isolates of salmonella enterica were studied from fecal and blood sources over a 7-year peri ... | 1998 | 9795288 |
| supplement 1997 (no. 41) to the kauffmann-white scheme. | this supplement reports the characterization of 15 new salmonella serovars recognized in 1997 by the who collaborating centre for reference and research on salmonella: 8 were assigned to s. enterica subsp. enterica, 4 to subspecies salamae, 2 to subspecies diarizonae, and 1 to subsp. houtenae. in addition, the antigenic factors h:z85 and h:z87 are described and one modification to the kauffmann-white scheme is reported. | 1998 | 9795998 |
| response of salmonella choleraesuis lt2 spheroplasts and permeabilized cells to the bacteriocin as-48. | the bacteriocin as-48 was not active against intact cells of salmonella choleraesuis lt2 at neutral ph, but it was very effective on spheroplasts, suggesting that the outer membrane (om) acts as a protective barrier. cells sublethally injured by heat or treated with om-permeabilizing agents (i.e., edta and tris) became sensitive to as-48. the combination of two or more treatments decreased the amount of as-48 required for cell killing. the activity of as-48 against heat-injured cells did not cha ... | 1998 | 9797335 |
| inter- and intra-phage type differentiation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis isolates using molecular typing methods. | seventy-six salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates which represented 14 phage types and rdnc isolates were investigated by several independent molecular methods. eleven different plasmid profiles were detected. plasmid-encoded virulence genes of the spv gene cluster were shown by hybridization with a spvb/c gene probe to be located on plasmids of either 55 kbp or 95 kbp. ribotyping as performed with gene probes that recognized either the entire rrn oper ... | 1998 | 9809400 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt009 isolates: differentiation of the live vaccine strain zoosaloral from field isolates. | a total of 25 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium dt009 isolates from various human and animal sources, the original s. typhimurium dt009 zoosaloral live vaccine strain and two zoosaloral strains reisolated from vaccinated chickens were investigated by various molecular typing methods (i) to determine the most suitable method or combination of methods for the differentiation of dt009 field isolates and (ii) to investigate which molecular metho ... | 1998 | 9809427 |
| outbreak of salmonella serotype hartford infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice. | acidic foods such as orange juice have been thought to be unlikely vehicles of foodborne illness. | 1998 | 9809731 |
| phage types of australian isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow. | australian isolates (79) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow (salmonella virchow) were characterized by phage typing. thirteen phage types were identified, of which phage type (pt) 8, representing 54 of 79 isolates, was predominant, as it had been in england and wales up to 1994 when it was replaced by pt26. other phage types identified in australia were distinct from those observed in england and wales. this suggests that pt8 may be a global phage type, while others may be di ... | 1998 | 9812398 |
| shigella infection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica. | the domestic pig, sus scrofa domestica, was investigated as a potential animal model for shigellosis. we examined the effects of pig age, pig breed and antibiotic pretreatment upon shigella infection. shigella dysenteriae, and shigella flexneri (both virulent and avirulent strains) were utilized. our results indicated that young (4-week-old), conventionally re ared, domestic pigs were routinely, but briefly, colonized (average=3.5+/-2.5 days) following oral or gavage administration ofs. flexneri ... | 1998 | 9817822 |
| molecular fingerprinting defines a strain of salmonella enterica serotype anatum responsible for an international outbreak associated with formula-dried milk. | molecular analyses based on plasmid profile typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis have defined a strain of salmonella enterica serotype anatum associated with the consumption of a particular brand of formula-dried milk responsible for an outbreak in late 1996/early 1997 involving 15 infants and 2 relatives in the uk, and 2 infants in france. the study has demonstrated the value of laboratory-based surveillance involving identification of the outbreak strain at the molecular level coupled w ... | 1998 | 9825779 |
| pathogenicity in isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis pt4 which differ in rpos expression: effects of growth phase and low temperature. | experiments with 2 wild type isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis pt4, which differed in rpos expression, tolerance to certain hostile environments and pathogenicity, found that changes in in vitro acid, heat, or peroxide tolerance had no effect on the ability of the isolates to multiply in the spleens of c57/bl7/j mice infected orally. thus, with the pathogenic rpos-positive isolate, the infectivity of log phase chilled cells, which are profoundly acid-sensitive, was the same as ... | 1998 | 9825780 |
| molecular and functional characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poxa gene: effect on attenuation of virulence and protection. | salmonella enterica poxa mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including reduced pyruvate oxidase activity; reduced growth rate; and hypersensitivity to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl, alpha-ketobutyrate, and amino acid analogs. these mutants also failed to grow in the presence of the host antimicrobial peptide, protamine. in this study, poxa- mutants of s. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were found to be 10,000-fold attenuated in orally inoculated balb/c mice and 1,000-fold ... | 1998 | 9826331 |
| class 1 integron-borne multiple-antibiotic resistance carried by incfi and incl/m plasmids in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | the presence and genetic content of integrons were investigated for 37 epidemiologically unrelated multiple-drug-resistant strains of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from humans. all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim, as well as to tetracycline and/or nalidixic acid; 20% of them were also resistant to gentamicin and amikacin. three different class 1 integrons (in-t1, in-t2, and in-t3) were identified by southe ... | 1998 | 9835490 |
| james carroll: a biography. | james carroll was born in england in 1854; at the age of 15, he emigrated to canada where he worked at various odd jobs. at age 20, he crossed the border and volunteered for the us army, in which he remained for the rest of his life. appointed as hospital steward, he became interested in medicine. he was permitted to take basic courses at st paul university and later at bellevue hospital in new york. he received his md degree in 1891 from the university of maryland while still a sergeant. he the ... | 1998 | 9845758 |
| increasing incidence and comparison of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates from humans and animals. | we determined the resistance to quinolone of 309 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium strains isolated from humans and animals (cattle, pigs, or poultry) in 1995 or 1996. nalidixic acid resistance increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. the highest resistance levels correlated with a mutation at ser-83 (or asp-82). all strains remained ciprofloxacin susceptible. human and animal isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns of the ... | 1999 | 9854111 |
| interaction of nk lysin, a peptide produced by cytolytic lymphocytes, with endotoxin. | nk lysin is a 9-kda polypeptide that was originally isolated from porcine intestinal tissue based on its antibacterial activity. it is produced by cytolytic lymphocytes and is cytolytic against a number of different types of tumor cells. here we report the binding of nk lysin to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and its anti-lps activity. nk lysin binds to matrix-coated lps from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and different strains of salmonella enterica. lipid a and polymyxin b inhibited the b ... | 1999 | 9864216 |
| escherichia coli molecular phylogeny using the incongruence length difference test. | molecular phylogeny of the species escherichia coli using the e. coli reference (ecor) collection strains has been hampered by (1) the absence of rooting in the commonly used phenogram obtained from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) data and (2) the existence of recombination events between strains that scramble phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the nucleotide sequences of genes. we attempted to determine the phylogeny for e. coli based on the ecor strain data by extracting from genba ... | 1998 | 9866203 |
| comparison of ribotyping and arbitrarily primed pcr for molecular typing of salmonella enterica and relationships between strains on the basis of these molecular markers. | arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) using a discriminatory 10-mer primer and an automated ecori ribotyping technique (riboprinter) were compared for their ability to discriminate between 100 serovars of salmonella, including multiple isolates representing salm. enteritidis pt4 and salm. typhimurium dt104. profiles generated by each method were subjected to numerical analysis using gelcompar software, resulting in the construction of phylogenetic trees and calculation of simpson's numerical index of ... | 1998 | 9871312 |
| application of recombinant fimbrial protein for the specific detection of salmonella enteritidis infection in poultry. | a number of disease outbreaks of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) in humans have been traced to the consumption of se-contaminated egg and egg products. a rapid, specific, and inexpensive method of detecting se infection in poultry is necessary to reduce human outbreaks. we evaluated rsef14 fimbrial antigen of se for specific detection of se-infected birds in latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rsef14 antigen was highly specific in identifying birds infec ... | 1998 | 9884830 |
| multinational outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infections due to contaminated alfalfa sprouts. | in december 1995, reported salmonella enterica serotype newport (sn) infections increased sharply in oregon and british columbia but not elsewhere in north america. similar unexplained increases had been noted in 6 other states in the fall of 1995. | 1999 | 9917119 |
| an outbreak of food poisoning associated with restaurant-made mayonnaise in abha, saudi arabia. | in may 1996, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among customers who bought dinner from a restaurant that specialised in fried chicken in abha city, south-west saudi arabia. the median incubation period was 10 hours (range: 3 to 27 hours). of the 10 food items served, only mayonnaise (rr 2.52; 95% ci 1.71-3.73) and minced garlic (rr 1.20; 95% ci 1.02-1.41) were associated with cases. salmonella enterica was isolated from 124 (84%) of the 159 persons with symptoms of food poisoning, and 91 (7 ... | 1998 | 9919018 |
| transduction of multiple drug resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | epidemic strain salmonella typhimurium dt104 is characterized by various multiresistance patterns. at least some of the resistance genes are organized as integrons. resistance genes of dt104 isolates can be efficiently transduced by p22-like phage es18 and by phage pdt17 which is released by all dt104 isolates so far analyzed. cotransduction tests demonstrate that the resistance genes, although not organized in a unique integron, are tightly clustered on the salmonella chromosome. the spread of ... | 1999 | 9919675 |
| the spi-3 pathogenicity island of salmonella enterica. | pathogenicity islands are chromosomal clusters of pathogen-specific virulence genes often found at trna loci. we have determined the molecular genetic structure of spi-3, a 17-kb pathogenicity island located at the selc trna locus of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the g+c content of spi-3 (47.5%) differs from that of the salmonella genome (52%), consistent with the notion that these sequences have been horizontally acquired. spi-3 harbors 10 open reading frames organized in six transcr ... | 1999 | 9922266 |
| complement activation by bacterial surface glycolipids: a study with planar bilayer membranes. | planar asymmetric glycolipid/phospholipid bilayer membranes were used as a reconstitution model of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria to study complement (c) activation by various bacterial surface glycolipids with the aim of defining the c activation pathway. as glycolipids the lipopolysaccharides of salmonella enterica serovar minnesota r mutant strains r595 (re lps) and r4 (rd2 lps), pentaacyl lipid a from the lps of the escherichia coli re mutant f515, and glyco ... | 1999 | 9929374 |
| the virulence plasmid of salmonella typhimurium is self-transmissible. | most isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contain a 90-kb virulence plasmid. this plasmid is reported to be mobilizable but nonconjugative. however, we have determined that the virulence plasmid of strains lt2, 14028, and sr-11 is indeed self-transmissible. the plasmid of strain sl1344 is not. optimal conjugation frequency requires filter matings on m9 minimal glucose plates with a recipient strain lacking the virulence plasmid. these conditions result in a frequency of 2.9 x 10(- ... | 1999 | 9973370 |
| mhc class ii-dependent nk1.1+ gammadelta t cells are induced in mice by salmonella infection. | we observed the emergence of a novel population of gammadelta t cells expressing nk1.1 ag in the peritoneal cavity of mice infected with salmonella choleraesuis. the nk1.1+gammadelta t cells accounted for approximately 20% of all gammadelta t cells emerging in the peritoneal cavity of c57bl/6 mice and expressed preferentially rearranged vgamma4-jgamma1 and vdelta6.3-ddelta1-ddelta2-jdelta1 genes with n diversity. the gammadelta t cells proliferated vigorously in response to pha-treated spleen ce ... | 1999 | 9973415 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage-type dt104 among salmonellae causing enteritis in israel. | the relative frequency of salmonella strains isolated from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in southern israel changed during the period, 1994-6. salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive phage-type 104 (dt104) appeared in israel in 1994 and became the most prevalent strain in 1996. an outbreak of enteritis due to salmonella enterica serotype agona occurred in israel, in october 1994 and lasted for 4 months. the relative frequency of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis r ... | 1998 | 10030704 |
| risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in children in france: a national case-control study. | to determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of sporadic cases of salmonella enteritidis infections among children in france, we conducted a matched case-control study. cases were identified between 1 march and 30 september 1995. one hundred and five pairs of cases and controls matched for age and place of residence were interviewed. in the 1-5 years age group, illness was associated with the consumption of raw eggs or undercooked egg-containing foods (or 2.4, 95% ci 1.2-4.8). storin ... | 1998 | 10030705 |
| interaction of salmonella with host cells through the centisome 63 type iii secretion system. | salmonella enterica engages host cells in a complex two-way biochemical interaction that results in a variety of responses from both the bacteria and the host cell. central to this interaction is the function of a type iii protein secretion system that delivers effector proteins into the host cell. during the past year we have seen major advances in our knowledge of both the bacterial determinants and the host-signal transduction pathways involved in these interactions. a coherent picture of the ... | 1999 | 10047557 |
| enterobacteria in reactive arthritis: yersinia, shigella, and salmonella. | | 1999 | 10063518 |
| evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous identification of salmonella sp., salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium from environmental swabs of poultry houses. | a multiplex pcr-based assay (m-pcr) with three sets of primers was developed for the detection of all serotypes of salmonella enterica and the identification of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. this method was evaluated against a bacteriological method for the analysis of environmental swabs of poultry houses. samples were preenriched in phosphate-buffered peptone water for 24 h and subjected to three different protocols prior to pcr: (i) an immunomagnetic separation using dyna ... | 1999 | 10063640 |
| impact of intracellular location of and antigen display by intracellular bacteria: implications for vaccine development. | intracellular bacteria are primarily controlled by t-lymphocytes. the 'phagosomal' bacteria such as salmonella enterica and mycobacterium bovis bcg remain in the phagosome. these microbes primarily stimulate cd4 t-cells via antigen presentation through mhc class ii molecules. in contrast, listeria monocytogenes egresses from the phagosome into the cytoplasm by virtue of listeriolysin. this 'cytoplasmic' pathogen is controlled by cd8 t-cells through mhc class i antigen presentation. some bacteria ... | 1999 | 10065631 |
| salmonella typhimurium encodes a putative iron transport system within the centisome 63 pathogenicity island. | upon entry into the host, salmonella enterica strains are presumed to encounter an iron-restricted environment. consequently, these bacteria have evolved a variety of often-redundant high-affinity acquisition systems to obtain iron in this restricted environment. we have identified an iron transport system that is encoded within the centisome 63 pathogenicity island of salmonella typhimurium. the nucleotide composition of this locus is significantly different from that of the rest of this pathog ... | 1999 | 10085045 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary structural studies of dtdp-6-deoxy-d-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase (rmlc), the third enzyme of the dtdp-l-rhamnose synthesis pathway, from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | l-rhamnose is an essential component of the cell wall of many pathogenic bacteria. its precusor, dtdp-l-rhamnose, is synthesized from alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate and dttp via a pathway requiring four distinct enzymes: rmla, rmlb, rmlc and rmld. rmlc was overexpressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein was purified by a two-step protocol involving anion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. dynamic light-scattering experiments indicated that the recombinant protein is monodisperse. c ... | 1999 | 10089454 |
| a study of current trends in enteric fever. | the results of a study based on 68 cases of blood culture proven enteric fever are presented. sensitivity to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was found to be 55.88, 54.41, 38.23% respectively. common clinical features were fever, vomiting, pain abdomen and cough in both the groups. there was no difference in complications in chloramphenicol sensitive against resistant cases. of the chloramphenicol sensitive cases, 21.05% were resistant to cefotaxime. all cases were sensitive to cipr ... | 1998 | 10093424 |
| a periplasmic d-alanyl-d-alanine dipeptidase in the gram-negative bacterium salmonella enterica. | the vanx protein is a d-alanyl-d-alanine (d-ala-d-ala) dipeptidase essential for resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. while this enzymatic activity has been typically associated with vancomycin- and teicoplainin-resistant enterococci, we now report the identification of a d-ala-d-ala dipeptidase in the gram-negative species salmonella enterica. the salmonella enzyme is only 36% identical to vanx but exhibits a similar substrate specificity: it hydrolyzes d-ala-d-ala, dl-ala-dl-p ... | 1999 | 10094694 |
| phage type conversion in salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis caused by the introduction of a resistance plasmid of incompatibility group x (incx). | the plasmid pog670, a 54 kb, conjugative plasmid that specifies resistance to ampicillin and kanamycin and belonging to the incompatibility group x (incx), was transferred into 10 isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis belonging to 10 different phage types (pt1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 9b, 10, 11 and 13). acquisition of the plasmid by these strains did not result in the loss of any resident plasmids but resulted in phage type conversion in 8 of the 10 strains (pt1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 9b, 10 and 11 ... | 1999 | 10098781 |
| molecular typing of salmonella serotype thompson strains isolated from human and animal sources. | one-hundred-and-thirteen isolates of salmonella serotype thompson from diverse sources in seven countries were characterized by pvuii ribotyping and is200 fingerprinting. ten pvuii ribotypes were observed. the predominant pvuii ribotype 1 represented a major clone of world-wide distribution but was not found in australia; pvuii ribotypes 2 and 3 represented minor clones. hincii ribotyping discriminated subtypes within pvuii ribotype 1: hincii ribotype 1 was distributed widely but hincii ribotype ... | 1999 | 10098783 |
| ferrioxamine-mediated iron(iii) utilization by salmonella enterica. | utilization of ferrioxamines as sole sources of iron distinguishes salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium and enteritidis from a number of related species, including escherichia coli. ferrioxamine supplements have therefore been used in preenrichment and selection media to increase the bacterial growth rate while selectivity is maintained. we characterized the determinants involved in utilization of ferrioxamines b, e, and g by s. enterica serotype typhimurium by performing siderophore cross- ... | 1999 | 10103258 |
| accessory dna in the genomes of representatives of the escherichia coli reference collection. | different strains of the escherichia coli reference collection (ecor) differ widely in chromosomal size. to analyze the nature of the differential gene pool carried by different strains, we have followed an approach in which random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to generate several pcr fragments. those present in some but not all the strains were screened by hybridization to assess their distribution throughout the ecor collection. thirteen fragments with various degrees of occurrence ... | 1999 | 10198021 |
| detection of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 based on a gene which confers cross-resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) dt104 (dt104) first emerged as a major pathogen in europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. it has also been associated with outbreaks in the united states. the organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. the mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in dt104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli host strain clones from ... | 1999 | 10203484 |
| salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus). | in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ... | 1999 | 10204223 |
| the medium-/long-chain fatty acyl-coa dehydrogenase (fadf) gene of salmonella typhimurium is a phase 1 starvation-stress response (ssr) locus. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen that causes significant morbidity in humans and other mammals. during their life cycle, salmonellae must survive frequent exposures to a variety of environmental stresses, e.g. carbon-source (c) starvation. the starvation-stress response (ssr) of s. typhimurium encompasses the genetic and physiological realignments that occur when an essential nutrient becomes limiting for bacterial growth. the function of the ssr is ... | 1999 | 10206693 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of an operon involved in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | a pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype o5 (pao1) genomic dna fragment that was able to complement a temperature-sensitive mutation in the 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) 8-p synthase gene (kdsa) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was cloned. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a potential operon with the gene order pyrg, kdsa, eno. pyrg catalyzes the synthesis of the nucleotide cytidine triphosphate, while eno catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from phosph ... | 1999 | 10220877 |
| integron- and carbenicillinase-mediated reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in isolates of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 from french patients. | fifty-seven salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) isolates were collected from human patients in two french hospitals, hôpital antoine béclère (clamart, france) and hôpital bicêtre (le kremlin-bicêtre, france), between 1996 and 1997. thirty of them (52 percent) were resistant to amino-, carbeni-, and ureidopenicillins, had reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, were susceptible to cephalothin, and were resistant to sulfonamides, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ... | 1999 | 10223920 |
| clinical and veterinary isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis defective in lipopolysaccharide o-chain polymerization. | twelve human and chicken isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis belonging to phage types 4, 8, 13a, and 23 were characterized for variability in lipopolysaccharide (lps) composition. isolates were differentiated into two groups, i.e., those that lacked immunoreactive o-chain, termed rough isolates, and those that had immunoreactive o-chain, termed smooth isolates. isolates within these groups could be further differentiated by lps compositional differences as detected by gel electro ... | 1999 | 10224019 |
| comparative physical and genetic maps of the virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, choleraesuis, and dublin. | using fragment profiling, pcr, and southern hybridization, we found that salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis harbored virulence plasmids of various sizes, whereas serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, and dublin carried a plasmid of a unique size. also, the virulence plasmid of typhimurium contained genes in the same order detected in the other three plasmids, all of which contained deletions. | 1999 | 10225928 |
| cross-reactivity between six enterobacteriaceae complete lipopolysaccharide core chemotypes. | to gain insight into the value of lipopolysaccharide (lps) core determinants for cross-protective immunisation the serological relationships between six complete (lps) core types from enterobacteriaceae were investigated. hyperimmune sera were raised in mice by repeated immunisation with heat-killed strains of salmonella choleraesuis (ra core type) or escherichia coli (core types r1, r2, r3, r4 and k12) and characterised for reactivity with complete and incomplete core chemotypes by elisa and im ... | 1999 | 10229540 |
| revised salmonella nomenclature: designation of salmonella enterica (ex kauffmann and edwards 1952) le minor and popoff 1987 sp. nov., nom. rev. as the neotype species of the genus salmonella lignieres 1900 (approved lists 1980), rejection of the name salmonella choleraesuis (smith 1894) weldin 1927 (approved lists 1980), and conservation of the name salmonella typhi (schroeter 1886) warren and scott 1930 (approved lists 1980). request for an opinion. | the request for an opinion by le minor and popoff 1987, proposing designation of 'salmonella enterica' (ex kauffman and edwards 1952) le minor and popoff 1987 as the type and only species of the genus salmonella lignieres 1900 (approved lists 1980), has not been positively decided upon by the judicial commission. however, many bacteriologists use the name 'salmonella enterica'. to avoid further confusion, it is requested to reject the name salmonella choleraesuis (smith 1894) weldin 1927 (approv ... | 1999 | 10319519 |
| two arac/xyls family members can independently counteract the effect of repressing sequences upstream of the hila promoter. | during infection of its hosts, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) enters the epithelial cells of the small intestine. this process requires a number of invasion genes encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1), a 40 kb stretch of dna located near minute 63 of the s. typhimurium chromosome. expression of s. typhimurium spi1 invasion genes is activated by the transcription factor hila. hila is tightly regulated in response to many environmental conditions, including ... | 1999 | 10320584 |
| typing of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi c isolates from various countries by plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of 61 salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi c isolates from six countries gave five distinct clusters. twenty-four isolates from five countries were susceptible to 10 antimicrobials tested and gave similar restriction endonuclease digest patterns of the 38-mda plasmid. in contrast, plasmid and pfge profiles of 37 multidrug-resistant isolates from zaire were different from those from other countries. | 1999 | 10325380 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in french broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period. | broiler-chicken are often salmonella carriers. however, these bacteria are responsible for major food-borne human infection, in which poultry-meat products are frequently implicated. in order to prevent salmonella spread during the slaughtering process, control measures should be implemented at the farm level to reduce the prevalence before slaughtering. the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella contamination in french commercial broiler flocks at the end of the ... | 1999 | 10327442 |
| salmonella choleraesuis bacteremia in southern taiwan. | within a 6-year period from january 1991 to december 1996, 19 patients with salmonella choleraesuis bacteremia were enrolled for clinical and microbiological analysis. young children, the elderly and patients with hematological malignancy (36.8%), liver cirrhosis (26.3%), systemic lupus erythematosus (10.5%), chronic renal impairment (10.5%), and peptic ulcer (10.5%) were at high risk of this infection. the ratio of male to female was 3:1. three cases (15.8%) were nosocomially acquired. fever (8 ... | 1999 | 10330799 |
| genotypic characterization of human and environmental isolates of salmonella choleraesuis subspecies choleraesuis serovar infantis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | to determine the extent of genetic diversity of salmonella choleraesuis subspecies choleraesuis serovar infantis and whether environmental isolates were similar or identical to human isolates, a total of 110 isolates from humans, broiler samples, egg production facilities, riverwater, sewage, and chicken meat were analyzed epidemiologically by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. while the isolates showed 35 distinct pulsed-field profiles, none had the genotype of the human isolates. one pulsed-fie ... | 1999 | 10338200 |
| the roles of intrahepatic valpha14(+) nk1.1(+) t cells for liver injury induced by salmonella infection in mice. | to investigate the roles of intrahepatic t cells in liver injury after salmonella infection, we examined serum alanine transaminase (alt), histopathology, and bacterial numbers in liver after infection with salmonella choleraesuis strain 31n-1 in mice genetically lacking tcralpha beta+, cd4(+), cd8(+), or nk1.1(+)t cells with c57bl/6 background. in control (+/+) mice, serum alt reached a peak level by day 7 after an intraperitoneal inoculation of 2 x 10(6) cfu salmonella choleraesuis 31n-1. in t ... | 1999 | 10347123 |
| computer-assisted restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna in field strains of salmonella enteritidis. | computer-assisted restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna in field strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is described. the procedure consists of plasmid dna purification, its digestion with restriction endonuclease taqi, electrophoresis, charge-coupled device camera scanning of the gels, and an analysis of the restriction patterns with the software gel manager. the system allowed us to analyse, in detail, results of plasmid profiling in more than 600 field ... | 1998 | 10347865 |
| [yet, the name salmonella choleraesuis does not be used]. | | 1999 | 10356955 |
| molecular cloning of an immunogenic and acid-induced isocitrate dehydrogenase gene from coxiella burnetii. | the coxiella burnetii icd gene encoding an immunogenic dimeric nadp(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) was cloned by screening a c. burnetii genomic library with a human positive serum and sequenced. the predicted gene product consists of 427 amino acids (m(r) = 46,600) and showed high identity to the idhs of escherichia coli (74%), salmonella enterica (73%) and idh-i of vibrio sp. (71%). the cloned gene complemented an icd-defective e. coli mutant producing a recombinant idh that had t ... | 1999 | 10361714 |
| salmonella enteritidis phage types 1 and 4: pheno- and genotypic epidemiology of recent outbreaks in finland. | in the 1990s, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis has caused 15 outbreaks in finland; 12 of them were caused by phage type 1 (pt1) and pt4. thus far, there has been no clear evidence as to the source of these salmonella enteritidis pt1 and pt4 strains, so it was necessary to try to characterize them further. salmonella enteritidis pt1 (n = 57) and pt4 (n = 43) isolates from different sources were analyzed by genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), plasmid profiling, ... | 1999 | 10364582 |
| high efficiency gene replacement in salmonella enteritidis: chimeric fimbrins containing a t-cell epitope from leishmania major. | a simple, high frequency chromosomal gene replacement method of general utility was developed for salmonella enteritidis. this system uses an unstable, imperfectly segregating, temperature-sensitive replicon, phsg415, as a carrier of the recombinant gene of interest. it also allows for site-specific replacement of chromosomal genes without the need for antibiotic resistance markers in the recombinant genes or the use of specific bacterial strains. this strategy was used to replace the chromosoma ... | 1999 | 10367948 |
| immunization of mice with live oral vaccine based on a salmonella enterica (sv typhimurium) aroa strain expressing the escherichia coli o111 o antigen. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains of serogroup o111 are the most frequently isolated non-o157 strains causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). o antigen is a major antigen in gram-negative bacteria, and it has been shown that o111 is a protective antigen. attenuated salmonella enterica sv typhimurium aroa strain stm-1 was used as a live carrier to express the e. coli o111 o antigen. mice immunized intraperitoneally produced serum immunoglobulin g, ... | 1999 | 10371709 |
| resistance of escherichia coli and salmonella against nisin and curvacin a. | we have determined the effects of the following factors on the resistance of gram-negative bacteria against nisin and curvacin a: (i) chemotype of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), (ii) addition of agents permeabilizing the outer membrane, (iii) the fatty acid supply of the growth medium, and (iv) the adaptation to acid and salt stress. bacteriocin activity was determined against growing and resting cells as well as protoplasts. all smooth strains of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar ... | 1999 | 10375133 |
| resistance of salmonella and campylobacter species to antimicrobial agents. | | 1999 | 10385026 |