| short communication: effects of vacuum freeze-drying on inactivation of cronobacter sakazakii atcc29544 in liquid media with different initial inoculum levels. | vacuum freeze-drying is an important food-processing technology for valid retention of nutrients and bioactive compounds. cronobacter sakazakii has been reported to be associated with severe infections in neonates through consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula. in this study, effects of vacuum freeze-drying treatment for 12, 24, and 36 h on inactivation of c. sakazakii with different initial inoculum levels in sterile water, tryptic soy broth (tsb), skim milk, and whole milk were de ... | 2017 | 28088406 |
| the driving force of prophages and crispr-cas system in the evolution of cronobacter sakazakii. | cronobacter sakazakii is an important foodborne pathogens causing rare but life-threatening diseases in neonates and infants. crispr-cas system is a new prokaryotic defense system that provides adaptive immunity against phages, latter play an vital role on the evolution and pathogenicity of host bacteria. in this study, we found that genome sizes of c. sakazakii strains had a significant positive correlation with total genome sizes of prophages. prophages contributed to 16.57% of the genetic div ... | 2017 | 28057934 |
| the complete genome sequence of cronobacter sakazakii atcc 29544(t), a food-borne pathogen, isolated from a child's throat. | cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is associated with rare but life-threatening cases of severe diseases: meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in premature and full-term infants. however, the pathogenesis mechanism of this pathogen remains largely unknown. to determine its pathogenesis at the genomic level, the genome of c. sakazakii atcc 29544(t) was completely sequenced and analyzed. | 2017 | 28053670 |
| effect of polymyxin resistance (pmr) on biofilm formation of cronobacter sakazakii. | cronobacter sakazakii (c.sakazakii) has been identified as a wide-spread conditioned pathogen associated with series of serious illnesses, such as neonatal meningitis, enterocolitis, bacteremia or sepsis. as food safety is concerned, microbial biofilm has been considered to be a potential source of food contamination. the current study aims to investigate the ability of biofilm formation of two c. sakazakii strains (wild type baa 894 and pmra mutant). crystal violet (cv), xtt (2-methoxy-4-nitro- ... | 2016 | 28012985 |
| development and application of a sensitive, rapid, and reliable immunomagnetic separation-pcr detection method for cronobacter spp. | cronobacter spp. have been linked to clinical cases of infection in both adults and infants. enrichment of cronobacter spp. before detection has been necessary but is quite time consuming. hence, we sought to develop an immunomagnetic separation (ims) pcr method that could shorten the time of enrichment before the detection of cronobacter spp. the polyclonal antibody used in this immunomagnetic separation was prepared based on the outer membrane protein a of cronobacter sakazakii china center of ... | 2017 | 28012621 |
| a role for camp and protein kinase a in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a devastating intestinal disease that has been associated with cronobacter sakazakii and typically affects premature infants. although nec has been actively investigated, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epithelial injury and intestinal barrier damage. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) and protein kinase a (pka) are important mediators and regulators of apoptosis. to test the hypothesis that c. sakazakii increases camp ... | 2017 | 27939131 |
| drying parameters greatly affect the destruction of cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella typhimurium in standard buffer and milk. | salmonella typhimurium and cronobacter sakazakii are two foodborne pathogens involved in neonatal infections from milk powder and infant formula. their ability to survive in low-moisture food and during processing from the decontamination to the dried state is a major issue in food protection. in this work, we studied the effects of the drying process on salmonella typhimurium and cronobacter sakazakii, with the aim of identifying the drying parameters that could promote greater inactivation of ... | 2017 | 27889170 |
| biofilms in bioremediation and wastewater treatment: characterization of bacterial community structure and diversity during seasons in municipal wastewater treatment process. | the bacterial community structure and diversity were assessed at the scale of rotating biodisk procedure (rb) in a semi-industrial pilot plant. as well, the salmonella community was particularly monitored, and the effects of ultraviolet (uv-c254) on the bacterial community were studied. the identification of dominant bacteria revealed the presence of beneficial and useful species that could play an important role in the process of wastewater purification. several species as enterobacter agglomer ... | 2017 | 27878485 |
| label-free 3d ag nanoflower-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 pathogens. | it is highly desirable to develop a rapid and simple method to detect pathogens. combining nanomaterials with electrochemical techniques is an efficient way for pathogen detection. herein, a novel 3d ag nanoflower was prepared via a biomineralization method by using bovine serum albumin (bsa) as a template. it was adopted as a sensing interface to construct an electrochemical bacteria immunosensor for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7. bacterial antibo ... | 2016 | 27858378 |
| inhibition of cronobacter sakazakii by lactobacillus acidophilus n.v. er2 317/402. | lactobacillus acidophilus n.v. er2 317/402 strain narine is known as a health beneficial functional probiotic culture and supplementary source of nutrition for newborns. in this study, in vitro antimicrobial activities of narine-lyophilized (narine-l), narine-heat treated (narine-ht), and narine crude cell-free extract (narine-ccfe) were evaluated against pathogen cronobacter sakazakii (c. sakazakii) in agar as well as in a reconstituted powdered infant formula (rpif) model. inhibition zones of ... | 2016 | 27857539 |
| emergence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in cronobacter sakazakii producing ndm-9 and in escherichia coli from the same animal. | we report the presence of mcr-1 in escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant cronobacter sakazakii from the same diseased chicken. the mcr-1 gene linked with isapl1 was located on two different inci2 plasmids, including one multidrug plasmid in e. coli, whereas fosa3-blandm-9 was on an incb/o plasmid in c. sakazakii the development of the fosa3-blandm-9 resistance region was mediated by is26 the colocation of mcr-1 or blandm-9 with other resistance genes will accelerate the dissemination of the ... | 2017 | 27855074 |
| genome sequences of malonate-positive cronobacter sakazakii serogroup o:2, sequence type 64 strains cdc 1121-73 and gk1025, isolated from human bronchial wash and a powdered infant formula manufacturing plant. | we introduce draft genome sequences of strains cdc1121-73 (human bronchial wash isolate) and gk1025 (powdered infant formula manufacturing facility isolate), which are both malonate-positive cronobacter sakazakii serogroup o:2, sequence type 64. assemblies for these strains have sizes of 4,442,307 and 4,599,266 bp and % g+c contents of 56.9 and 56.7, respectively. | 2016 | 27834695 |
| crispr-cas loci profiling of cronobacter sakazakii pathovars. | cronobacter sakazakii sequence types 1, 4, 8 and 12 are associated with outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis infections. however clonality results in strains which are indistinguishable using conventional methods. this study investigated the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-cas loci profiling for epidemiological investigations. | 2016 | 27831749 |
| rapid detection of enterobacter sakazakii in milk powder using amino modified chitosan immunomagnetic beads. | chitosan immunomagnetic beads (cibs) were first prepared through converting hydroxyl groups of natural polymer material-chitosan into amino groups using epichlorohydrin and ethylenediamine as modification agent and then coupling with polyclonal antibodies of enterobacter sakazakii using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. the beads before coupling with antibodies were characterized by magnetic property measurement, ftir, sem and xrd technologies. in the assay a natural polysaccharide-chitosan ... | 2016 | 27616695 |
| a new application of a sodium deoxycholate-propidium monoazide-quantitative pcr assay for rapid and sensitive detection of viable cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula. | a rapid, reliable, and sensitive method for the detection of cronobacter sakazakii, a common foodborne pathogen that may cause serious neonatal disease, has been developed. in this study, a rapid real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay combined with sodium deoxycholate (sd) and propidium monoazide (pma) was developed to detect c. sakazakii contamination in powdered infant formula (pif). this method could eliminate the interference from dead or injured bacteria. optimization studies indicated tha ... | 2016 | 27771087 |
| a phosphoethanolamine transferase specific for the 4'-phosphate residue of cronobacter sakazakii lipid a. | investigate how cronobacter sakazakii modify their lipid a structure to avoid recognition by the host immune cells. | 2016 | 27564119 |
| diverse profiles of n-acyl-homoserine lactones in biofilm forming isolates of cronobacter sakazakii. | | 2016 | 27676424 |
| structural derivation of lipid a from cronobacter sakazakii using tandem mass spectrometry. | cronobacter sakazakii is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia, and meningitis. lipid a, the glycolipid membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (lps), is a potential virulence factor for c. sakazakii. given the potential importance of this molecule in infection and virulence, structural characterization of lipid a was carried out. | 2016 | 27502448 |
| recovery estimation of dried foodborne pathogens is directly related to rehydration kinetics. | drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. the aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter culture but not for different kinetics and not for pathogens. in the present study, the influence of rehydration kinetics was investigated for three fo ... | 2016 | 27494169 |
| immunochromatographic strip assay for detection of cronobacter sakazakii in pure culture. | cronobacter sakazakii (c. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen, posing a high risk of disease to infants and immunocompromised individuals. in order to develop a quick, easy, and sensitive assay for detecting c. sakazakii, a rabbit anti-c. sakazakii immunoglobulin g (igg) was developed using sonicated cell protein from c. sakazakii. the developed anti-c. sakazakii (igg) was of good quality and purity, as well as species-specific. the developed rabbit anti-c. sakazakii igg was attached to the surfa ... | 2016 | 27470276 |
| short communication: effects of high-pressure processing on the inactivity of cronobacter sakazakii in whole milk and skim milk samples. | powdered infant formula is considered as the main transmission vehicle for cronobacter sakazakii infections including meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. the effects of high-pressure processing treatment on inactivation of c. sakazakii ranging from 100 to 400 mpa for 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 min in whole milk and skim milk were studied. significant differences in inactivation of c. sakazakii were observed in milk samples under different pressures for 3 to 7 min compared with untreate ... | 2016 | 27423950 |
| antimicrobial activity and possible mechanism of action of citral against cronobacter sakazakii. | citral is a flavor component that is commonly used in food, beverage and fragrance industries. cronobacter sakazakii is a food-borne pathogen associated with severe illness and high mortality in neonates and infants. the objective of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial effect of citral against c. sakazakii strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of citral against c. sakazakii was determined via agar dilution method, then gompertz models were used to quantitate the effect ... | 2016 | 27415761 |
| structure and function of the pric dna replication restart protein. | collisions between dna replication complexes (replisomes) and barriers such as damaged dna or tightly bound protein complexes can dissociate replisomes from chromosomes prematurely. replisomes must be reloaded under these circumstances to avoid incomplete replication and cell death. bacteria have evolved multiple pathways that initiate dna replication restart by recognizing and remodeling abandoned replication forks and reloading the replicative helicase. in vitro, the simplest of these pathways ... | 2016 | 27382050 |
| influence of sweet whey protein concentrate and its hydrolysates on host-pathogen interactions in the emerging foodborne pathogen cronobacter sakazakii. | antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global healthcare predicament. an attractive approach to the dilemma of drug-resistant bacteria is the development and use of agents that interfere with the ability of pathogens to adhere to human tissue. the influence of sweet whey protein concentrate (swpc), and selected hydrolysates of this material, on host-pathogen interactions of cronobacter sakazakii (atcc 29544) was investigated. | 2016 | 27337492 |
| pdgo100, a type 1 incc plasmid from 1981 carrying ari-a and a tn1696-like transposon in a novel integrating element. | most a/c plasmids sequenced to date were recovered in the last two decades. to gain insight into the evolution of this group, the incc plasmid pdgo100, found in a multiply antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli strain isolated in 1981, was sequenced. pdgo100 belongs to the type 1 lineage and carries an ari-a antibiotic resistance island but not an ari-b island. the a/c2 backbone of pdgo100 has a deletion in the rhs1 gene previously found in prmh760 and differs by only six single base pair substit ... | 2016 | 27318267 |
| plant growth promoting potential and phylogenetic characteristics of a lichenized nitrogen fixing bacterium, enterobacter cloacae. | lichens are complex symbiotic association of mycobionts, photobionts, and bacteriobionts, including chemolithotropic bacteria. in the present study, 46 lichenized bacteria were isolated by conventional and enrichment culture methods on nitrogen-free bromothymol blue (nfb) medium. only 11 of the 46 isolates fixed nitrogen on nfb and had reduced acetylene. all these 11 isolates had also produced siderophore and 10 of them the iaa. further, ammonia production was recorded from nine of these nitroge ... | 2016 | 27273065 |
| a newly isolated bacteriophage, pbes 02, infecting cronobacter sakazakii. | a novel bacteriophage, pbes 02, infecting cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. it has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. the major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kda) in size. the latent period of pbes 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4°c to 55°c for 1 h. it was ... | 2016 | 27238936 |
| cronobacter spp. | the cronobacter group of pathogens, associated with severe and potentially life-threatening diseases, until recently were classified as a single species, enterobacter sakazakii. the group was reclassified in 2007 into the genus cronobacter as a member of the enterobacteriaceae. this chapter outlines the history behind the epidemiology, analyzes how our understanding of these bacteria has evolved, and highlights the clinical significance the cronobacter spp. have for neonatal and elderly patient ... | 2016 | 27227295 |
| o antigen of franconibacterpulverisg3872 (o1) is a 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose-containing polysaccharide synthesized by the abc-transporter-dependent pathway. | franconibacter (enterobacter, cronobacter) pulveris bacteria share several typical characteristics with, and hence pose a challenge for the detection of, cronobacter sakazakii, an emerging opportunistic pathogen, which can cause severe infections in neonates. a structurally variable o-specific polysaccharide (ops) called o antigen provides the major basis for the typing of gram-negative bacteria. we investigated the structure and genetics of the o antigen of f. pulveris g3872 (designated o1). an ... | 2016 | 27166227 |
| survival and growth of cronobacter sakazakii on fresh-cut fruit and the effect of uv-c illumination and electrolyzed water in the reduction of its population. | cronobacter sakazakii, found in foods such as powdered infant formula and plant origin ready-to-eat food, is an opportunistic pathogen to infants, neonates and vulnerable adults. the objective of this study was to monitor the growth of c. sakazakii in fresh-cut 'royal gala' apple, 'rocha' pear, and 'piel de sapo' melon, and the effect of uv-c illumination, acidic electrolyzed water (aew) and neutral electrolyzed water (new) in the reduction of its population. fresh-cut fruits were inoculated and ... | 2016 | 27163653 |
| genetic characterization of cronobacter sakazakii recovered from the environmental surveillance samples during a sporadic case investigation of foodborne illness. | cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic human-pathogenic bacterium known to cause acute meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. this human-pathogenic microorganism has been isolated from a variety of food and environmental samples, and has been also linked to foodborne outbreaks associated with powdered infant formula (pif). the u.s. food and drug administration have a policy of zero tolerance of these organisms in pif. thus, this agency utilizes ... | 2016 | 27155844 |
| variability in cell response of cronobacter sakazakii after mild-heat treatments and its impact on food safety. | cronobacter spp. have been responsible for severe infections in infants associated with consumption of powdered infant formula and follow-up formulae. despite several risk assessments described in published studies, few approaches have considered the tremendous variability in cell response that small micropopulations or single cells can have in infant formula during storage, preparation or post process/preparation before the feeding of infants. stochastic approaches can better describe microbial ... | 2016 | 27148223 |
| fully closed genome sequences of five type strains of the genus cronobacter and one cronobacter sakazakii strain. | cronobacteris associated with infant infections and the consumption of reconstituted infant formula. here we sequenced and closed six genomes ofc. condimenti(t),c. muytjensii(t),c. universalis(t),c. malonaticus(t),c. dublinensis(t), andc. sakazakiithat can be used as reference genomes in single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based next-generation sequencing (ngs) analysis for source tracking investigations. | 2016 | 27013041 |
| antimicrobial activity of ferulic acid against cronobacter sakazakii and possible mechanism of action. | cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen transmitted by food that affects mainly newborns, infants, and immune-compromised adults. in this study, the antibacterial activity of ferulic acid was tested against c. sakazakii strains. minimum inhibitory concentration of ferulic acid against c. sakazakii strains was determined using the agar dilution method. changes in intracellular ph, membrane potential and intracellular atp concentration were measured to elucidate the possible antibacteri ... | 2016 | 26919471 |
| molecular identification of potential denitrifying bacteria and use of d-optimal mixture experimental design for the optimization of denitrification process. | three bacterial strains (te1, td3 and fb2) were isolated from date palm (degla), pistachio and barley. the presence of nitrate reductase (narg) and nitrite reductase (nirs and nirk) genes in the selected strains was detected by pcr technique. molecular identification based on 16s rdna sequencing method was applied to identify positive strains. in addition, the d-optimal mixture experimental design was used to optimize the optimal formulation of probiotic bacteria for denitrification process. str ... | 2016 | 26893037 |
| prevalence and characterization of cronobacter sakazakii in retail milk-based infant and baby foods in shaanxi, china. | cronobacter sakazakii (formerly enterobacter sakazakii) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes meningitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants through consumption of contaminated milk-based foods. in this study, the prevalence of c. sakazakii in 705 retail milk-based infant and baby food samples was investigated in 12 cities in shaanxi, china, in 2010 and 2012. one hundred and nineteen samples (16.9%) were c. sakazakii positive. the isolates were further characterized ... | 2016 | 26886843 |
| the roles of epidemiologists, laboratorians, and public health agencies in preventing invasive cronobacter infection. | cronobacter can cause severe, invasive infection in very young infants. these bacteria can also colonize or cause insignificant infections in immunocompromised, elderly, and/or hospitalized adults. | 2015 | 26734593 |
| tea polyphenols inactivate cronobacter sakazakii isolated from powdered infant formula. | this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of tea polyphenols (tp) against 4 cronobacter sakazakii strains with different sequence types (st) isolated from powdered infant formula (pif). the results showed that in normal saline, 5mg/ml of tp (ph 3.44) could eliminate approximately 7.0 log cfu/ml of c. sakazakii within 1 h; in rehydrated pif, after acidification with hcl (ph 3.55), tp showed a stronger antibacterial activity compared with the controls (malic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric a ... | 2016 | 26627860 |
| the membrane proteins involved in virulence of cronobacter sakazakii virulent g362 and attenuated l3101 isolates. | cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen and the virulence differences were previously documented. however, information about membranous proteins involved in virulence differences was not available. in this study, virulent characterization such as biofilm formation and flagella motility between virulent c. sakazakii isolate g362 and attenuated l3101 were determined. then, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) technology was used to preliminarily reveal differential expre ... | 2015 | 26617581 |
| antimicrobial activity of syringic acid against cronobacter sakazakii and its effect on cell membrane. | syringic acid (sa) has been reported to exhibit antibacterial ability against various microorganisms, but little work has been done on its effect on cronobacter sakazakii. in this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of sa against various c. sakazakii strains were determined. moreover, changes in intracellular atp concentration, intracellular ph (phin), membrane potential and membrane integrity were measured to evaluate the influence of sa on cell membrane. finally, field emission sca ... | 2016 | 26616929 |
| cronobacter sakazakii clinical isolates overcome host barriers and evade the immune response. | cronobacter sakazakii is the most frequently clinically isolated species of the cronobacter genus. however the virulence factors of c. sakazakii including their ability to overcome host barriers remains poorly studied. in this study, ten clinical isolates of c. sakazakii were assessed for their ability to invade and translocate through human colonic carcinoma epithelial cells (caco-2) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec). their ability to avoid phagocytosis in human macrophage ... | 2016 | 26616163 |
| microbiological examination of bulk tank goat's milk in the castilla y león region in northern spain. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the microbiological status (mesophilic aerobic microorganism counts) of 68 samples of bulk tank goat's milk and determine the risk associated with the foodborne pathogens staphylococcus aureus, enteropathogenic and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, and cronobacter sakazakii. most samples (83.8%) complied with the limits of mesophilic aerobe counts set in the european union for milk of species other than cows. a total of 144 isolates of coagulase-pos ... | 2015 | 26613918 |
| evaluation of cronobacter growth and phenotypic variation under modified culture conditions. | cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause acute meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. it has been isolated from a wide range of food and environmental samples, and has been linked to outbreaks associated with powdered infant formula. this study was carried out to assess variations in growth conditions (temperature, ph, and sugar supplement) and to establish how these changes impact phenotypic characteristics for successful ... | 2016 | 26567034 |
| immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay for rapid detection of cronobacter sakazakii. | this study aimed to develop an immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay for the rapid detection of cronobacter sakazakii (c. sakazakii), an acute opportunistic foodborne pathogenic bacterium, in both pure culture and infant formula. to develop the assay, magnetic nanoparticles (diameter 30 nm) were coated with immunoglobulin g (igg), specifically anti-c. sakazakii igg, and applied for the sensitive and efficient detection of c. sakazakii using immunoliposomes. the b ... | 2016 | 26547009 |
| identification of potential virulence factors of cronobacter sakazakii isolates by comparative proteomic analysis. | cronobacter is a group of important foodborne pathogens associated with neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. among cronobacter species, cronobacter sakazakii is the most common species in terms of isolation frequency. however, the molecular basis involved in virulence differences among c. sakazakii isolates is still unknown. in this study, based on the determination of virulence differences of c. sakazakii g362 (virulent isolate) and l3101 (attenuated isolate) through ... | 2016 | 26546912 |
| transcriptome analysis of cronobacter sakazakii atcc baa-894 after interaction with human intestinal epithelial cell line hct-8. | cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that are responsible for infections including severe meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants. to date, questions still remain regarding the mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence determinants for each bacterial strain. in this study, we established an in vitro model for cronobacter sakazakii atcc baa-894 infection of hct-8 human colorectal epithelial cells. the transcriptome profile of c. sakazakii atcc baa-894 ... | 2016 | 26481623 |
| inactivation of cronobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula by combination of thymoquinone and mild heat. | the objective of this study was to determine the combined effect of thymoquinone (tq) and mild heat on cronobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula. | 2015 | 26440735 |
| genomic dissection of the 1994 cronobacter sakazakii outbreak in a french neonatal intensive care unit. | cronobacter sakazakii is a member of the genus cronobacter that has frequently been isolated from powdered infant formula (pif) and linked with rare but fatal neonatal infections such as meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. the cronobacter mlst scheme has reported over 400 sequence types and 42 clonal complexes; however c. sakazakii clonal complex 4 (cc4) has been linked strongly with neonatal infections, especially meningitis. there have been a number of reported cronobacter outbreaks over ... | 2015 | 26438044 |
| cronobacter sakazakii bacteremia in a heart transplant patient with polycystic kidney disease. | infections with cronobacter sakazakii are mainly described among neonates and infants, with contaminated powdered infant formulas most often incriminated as the cause. we describe here a case of c. sakazakii bacteremia secondary to a suspected cyst infection in a heart-and-kidney transplant patient with polycystic kidney disease. | 2015 | 26436411 |
| cronobacter sakazakii infection alters serotonin transporter and improved fear memory retention in the rat. | it is well established that cronobacter sakazakii infection cause septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis. in the present study, we tested whether the c. sakazakii infection alter the learning and memory through serotonin transporter (sert). to investigate the possible effect on sert, on postnatal day-15 (pnd-15), wistar rat pups were administered with single dose of c. sakazakii culture (infected group; 10(7) cfu) or 100 μl of luria-bertani broth (medium control) or without any tre ... | 2015 | 26388777 |
| prevalence and subtyping of cronobacter species in goat milk powder factories in shaanxi province, china. | cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious diseases in neonates and infants via consumption of contaminated milk powder. to determine cronobacter spp. contamination status, 632 samples, including 15 evaporated milk, 45 intermediate powder, 150 finished products, and 422 manufacturing environment samples, were collected from 3 goat milk powder factories in shaanxi province, china, from july 2013 to april 2014. the recovered cronobacter isolates were subtyped using pulsed- ... | 2015 | 26387017 |
| protein sequences insight into heavy metal tolerance in cronobacter sakazakii baa-894 encoded by plasmid pesa3. | the recently annotated genome of the bacterium cronobacter sakazakii baa-894 suggests that the organism has the ability to bind heavy metals. this study demonstrates heavy metal tolerance in c. sakazakii, in which proteins with the heavy metal interaction were recognized by computational and experimental study. as the result, approximately one-fourth of proteins encoded on the plasmid pesa3 are proposed to have potential interaction with heavy metals. interaction between heavy metals and predict ... | 2015 | 26384977 |
| investigation on the factors affecting cronobacter sakazakii contamination levels in reconstituted powdered infant formula. | certain strains of cronobacter sakazakii can cause serious invasive infections in children, mainly those <2 months old and fed with powdered infant formula (pif). the infectious dose of c. sakazakii is unknown but evidence suggests that it is approximately 1000 colony forming units (cfu). pif is currently considered safe if its end-product c. sakazakii level is <1 cfu/g. in this study, we determined the lag time, generation time (gt), and growth rate of five pooled c. sakazakii isolates to evalu ... | 2015 | 26380247 |
| characterisation of the antibacterial properties of a bacterial derived peptidoglycan hydrolase (lyscs4), active against c. sakazakii and other gram-negative food-related pathogens. | illness caused by the consumption of contaminated food products continues to represent one of the main challenges facing food manufacturers worldwide. even with current intervention technologies and increased hygiene measures, foodborne illness remains a significant threat to public health. this coupled with the increasing emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens has increased the need for the development of novel technologies for pathogen control. bacterial derived peptidoglycan hydrolases re ... | 2015 | 26342306 |
| analysis of the cellulose synthase operon genes, bcsa, bcsb, and bcsc in cronobacter species: prevalence among species and their roles in biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation. | cronobacter species are emerging food-borne pathogens that cause severe sepsis, meningitis, and necrotizing entercolitis in neonates and infants. bacterial pathogens such as escherichia coli and salmonella species produce extracellular cellulose which has been shown to be involved in rugosity, biofilm formation, and host colonization. in this study the distribution and prevalence of cellulose synthase operon genes (bcsabzc) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis in 231 crono ... | 2015 | 26338122 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of cronobacter sakazakii isolates with different virulences. | cronobacter is a genus of widespread, opportunistic, foodborne pathogens that can result in serious illnesses in at-risk infants because of their immature immunity and high dependence on powdered formula, which is one of the foods most often contaminated by this pathogen. however, limited information is available regarding the pathogenesis and the specific virulence factors of this species. in this study, the virulences of 42 cronobacter sakazakii isolates were analyzed by infecting neonatal sd ... | 2015 | 26327241 |
| growth inhibition of cronobacter sakazakii in experimentally contaminated powdered infant formula by kefir supernatant. | kefir is a type of fermented milk containing lactic and acetic acid bacteria and yeast. in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of kefir supernatant against cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula (pif). in a spot-on-lawn test, the growth of 20 c. sakazakii strains, including 10 clinical and 10 food isolates, was completely inhibited in the presence of kefir supernatant. significant differences in the diameters of inhibition zones were observed upon treatment with kefir c ... | 2015 | 26319718 |
| innovative use of platinum compounds to selectively detect live microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction. | pcr cannot distinguish live microorganisms from dead ones. to circumvent this disadvantage, ethidium/propidium-monoazide (ema/pma) and psoralen to discriminate live from dead bacteria have been used for 2 decades. these methods require the use of numerous laborious procedures. we introduce an innovative method that uses platinum compounds, which are primarily used as catalysts in organic chemistry and partly used as anti-cancer drugs. microorganisms are briefly exposed to platinum compounds in v ... | 2016 | 26192088 |
| evaluation of microbial quality and yeast diversity in fresh-cut apple. | the present work's aim was to study the microbial quality of minimally processed apples commercialized in portugal. sixty eight samples of fresh-cut apple were analyzed before their best-before date in 2011 and 2012 for aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, total coliforms, lactic-acid bacteria (lab), coagulase-positive staphylococci and fungi. the parameters of food safety studied were cronobacter sakazakii, salmonella spp. and listeria sp. samples were analyzed according to sta ... | 2015 | 26187843 |
| mining for sensitive and reliable species-specific primers for pcr for detection of cronobacter sakazakii by a bioinformatics approach. | although several studies have reported pcr assays for distinguishing cronobacter sakazakii from other species in the genus, reports regarding assay sensitivity and specificity, as well as applications for food testing, are lacking. hence, the objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable pcr-based method for detection of c. sakazakii by screening for specific target genes. the genome sequence of c. sakazakii in the genbank database was compared with that of other organisms usin ... | 2015 | 26074237 |
| diversity of o antigens within the genus cronobacter: from disorder to order. | cronobacter species are gram-negative opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in neonates. the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) that form part of the outer membrane of such bacteria are possibly related to the virulence of particular bacterial strains. however, currently there is no clear overview of o-antigen diversity within the various cronobacter strains and links with virulence. in this study, we tested a total of 82 strains, covering each of the cronobacter species. the nucleot ... | 2015 | 26070668 |
| reevaluation of a suspected cronobacter sakazakii outbreak in mexico. | in 2010, two infants became ill at a hospital in mexico. subsequently, a range of clinical, environmental, and powdered and rehydrated infant formula isolates were identified by using a combination of phenotyping and pcr probes. the strains were clustered according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the causative agent was reported as cronobacter sakazakii, with powdered infant formula (pif) identified as the likely source of the infections. this new study further characterized the isolates fr ... | 2015 | 26038912 |
| characterization of outer membrane vesicles from a neonatal meningitic strain of cronobacter sakazakii. | cronobacter sakazakii is associated with severe and often fatal cases of infant meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. the form of meningitis differs from that due to neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus spp., in that it is highly invasive and destructive towards human brain cells. however, there is relatively little understanding of the cytopathogenic interaction of c. sakazakii with host cells which results in stimulation of an inflammatory immune response. the production of cronobacter ... | 2015 | 26023200 |
| genome sequence of cronobacter sakazakii serogroup o:4, sequence type 4 strain cdc 2009-03746, isolated from a fatal case of infantile meningitis. | we report the draft genome sequence of a cronobacter sakazakii serogroup o:4, sequence type 4 strain, cdc 2009-03746 (=nm1240=2009-06-01), isolated from a fatal case of infantile meningitis. the draft genome has a size of 4,492,904 bp and a g+c% content of 56.7. | 2015 | 25999578 |
| development of bioluminescent cronobacter sakazakii atcc 29544 in a mouse model. | cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen that causes severe and life-threatening conditions including meningitis, bacteremia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. an animal model study for extrapolation of c. sakazakii infection can provide a better understanding of pathogenesis. however, methods for real-time monitoring of the course of c. sakazakii infection in living animals have been lacking. we developed a bioluminescent c. sakazakii strain (atcc 29544) that can be used for real-time monitor ... | 2015 | 25951398 |
| functional screening of the cronobacter sakazakii baa-894 genome reveals a role for prop (esa_02131) in carnitine uptake. | cronobacter sakazakii is a neonatal pathogen responsible for up to 80% of fatalities in infected infants. low birth weight infants and neonates infected with c. sakazakii suffer necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteraemia and meningitis. the mode of transmission most often associated with infection is powdered infant formula (pif) which, with an aw of ∼0.2, is too low to allow most microorganisms to persist. survival of c. sakazakii in environments subject to extreme hyperosmotic stress has previousl ... | 2015 | 25915804 |
| a novel method for screening of potential probiotics for high adhesion capability. | to screen for potential probiotics with high adhesion capability, a chemostat model-based cultured human feces and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods were applied, and the adhesion capability of the isolates was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. lactobacillus plantarum (hm218749), lactobacillus reuteri (eu547310), and enterococcus faecalis (hm218543) were isolated from the slime on the chemostat wall, as these organisms could grow better at 37°c in an anaerobic environment and could r ... | 2015 | 25912863 |
| prevalence and characterization of cronobacter spp. from various foods, medicinal plants, and environmental samples. | dairy or non-dairy based products were explored to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of cronobacter spp. the isolation was done as per iso 22964:2006 on chromogenic media followed by further confirmation by biochemical- and 16s rrna-based identification. from 219 samples, the chromogenic agar assay and biochemical tests yielded presumptive 45 isolates. among them, only 36 isolates showed 282 bp band amplified from its-g gene confirming as cronoba ... | 2015 | 25855303 |
| structural mechanisms of dna binding and unwinding in bacterial recq helicases. | recq helicases unwind remarkably diverse dna structures as key components of many cellular processes. how recq enzymes accommodate different substrates in a unified mechanism that couples atp hydrolysis to dna unwinding is unknown. here, the x-ray crystal structure of the cronobacter sakazakii recq catalytic core domain bound to duplex dna with a 3' single-stranded extension identifies two dna-dependent conformational rearrangements: a winged-helix domain pivots ∼90° to close onto duplex dna, an ... | 2015 | 25831501 |
| prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of cronobacter spp. in chinese ready-to-eat foods. | cronobacter spp. are foodborne pathogens that cause rare but life-threatening diseases in neonates and infants; they can also cause disease in adults. cronobacter spp. contamination of ready-to-eat (rte) foods has been reported previously. however, to date, the prevalence and contamination levels of these bacteria in rte foods in china have not yet been determined. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cronobacter spp. in rte foods marketed in china. two-hundred a ... | 2015 | 25828706 |
| multilocus sequence typing analysis of cronobacter spp. isolated from china. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) has proven to be an effective approach for the subtyping isolates of the cronobacter genus and to exhibit a high level of discrimination between isolates. in this study, 151 cronobacter strains were isolated from different sources and provinces across china from 2010 to 2012 and analyzed by mlst. their sequence type profiles were compared with strains from other countries which were widely geographically and temporally distributed. out of 151 strains in this stu ... | 2015 | 25759137 |
| stress tolerant virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food. | cronobacter sakazakii is considered as an emerging foodborne pathogen. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize virulent strains of cronobacter sakazakii from food samples of bangladesh. | 2014 | 25723712 |
| structural studies of o-polysaccharide isolated from cronobacter sakazakii sequence type 12 from a case of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | the o-polysaccharide (ops) of cronobacter sakazakii ntu 696 (sequence type 12) from a case of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis was isolated from the polysaccharide fraction obtained after lipopolysaccharide (lps) hydrolysis. purified ops was analyzed by nmr spectroscopy ((1)h, cosy, tocsy, noesy, hsqc, hsqc-tocsy and hmbc experiments) and chemical methods. obtained monosaccharide derivatives analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the identification of s ... | 2015 | 25723620 |
| probiotics and gut health in infants: a preliminary case-control observational study about early treatment with lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938. | we performed this case-control observational study to evaluate the effects of early administration of lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 on microbial composition in infants' gastrointestinal tract. | 2015 | 25704298 |
| nonthermal inactivation of cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula milk: a review. | up-to-date, nonthermal technologies and combinations of them, in accordance with the "hurdle technology" concept, are being applied by different research groups in response to calls by the international food and human health organizations (espghan, 2004; fao/who, 2006, 2008) for alternatives to thermal control of cronobacter sakazakii in reconstituted powdered infant formula milk. this review highlights (i) current knowledge on the application of nonthermal technologies to control c. sakazakii i ... | 2016 | 25603362 |
| comparison of desiccation tolerance among listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula. | bacterial pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and cronobacter sakazakii have demonstrated long-term survival in/on dry or low-water activity (aw) foods. however, there have been few comparative studies on the desiccation tolerance among these bacterial pathogens separately in a same food matrix. in the present study, the survival kinetics of the four bacterial pathogens separately inoculated onto powdered infant formula as a model low-aw food ... | 2015 | 25581184 |
| the role of the cronobacter sakazakii prop c-terminal coiled coil domain in osmotolerance. | we investigate the role of the c-terminal coiled coil of the secondary proline porter prop in contributing to cronobacter sakazakii osmotolerance. | 2014 | 25530808 |
| alterations in caenorhabditis elegans and cronobacter sakazakii lipopolysaccharide during interaction. | lipopolysaccharide is one of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of gram-negative bacteria which are essential for its pathogenicity. cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic, emergent pathogen, which infects and cause mortality in caenorhabditis elegans. in this study, modifications in host and c. sakazakii lps during infections were evaluated. the physiological assays revealed that lps alone is sufficient to affect the host pharyngeal pumping rate, brood size and cause lethality. ftir ... | 2015 | 25416126 |
| validation of radio-frequency dielectric heating system for destruction of cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella species in nonfat dry milk. | cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella species have been associated with human illnesses from consumption of contaminated nonfat dry milk (ndm), a key ingredient in powdered infant formula and many other foods. cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella spp. can survive the spray-drying process if milk is contaminated after pasteurization, and the dried product can be contaminated from environmental sources. compared with conventional heating, radio-frequency dielectric heating (rfdh) is a faster and mo ... | 2014 | 25262184 |
| the structure of o-polysaccharide isolated from cronobacter universalis nctc 9529t. | the o-polysaccharide (ops) was isolated from cronobacter universalis nctc 9529(t), a new species in the genus cronobacter, which was created by the reclassification of the species enterobacter sakazakii. purified polysaccharide was analyzed by nmr spectroscopy ((1)h, cosy, tocsy, roesy, hsqc, and hsqc-tocsy) and chemical methods. the monosaccharide derivatives were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. these experiments enabled the type and number of monosaccha ... | 2014 | 25240186 |
| [magnetic beads adsorption-pcr detection method of four common foodborne pathogens in food]. | to evaluate the adsorption capacity of magnetic beads for common foodborne pathogens. | 2014 | 25199281 |
| decoction, infusion and hydroalcoholic extract of cultivated thyme: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and phenolic characterisation. | bioactivity of thyme has been described, but mostly related to its essential oils, while studies with aqueous extracts are scarce. herein, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of decoction, infusion and hydroalcoholic extract, as also their phenolic compounds, were evaluated and compared. decoction showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (either phenolic acids or flavonoids), followed by infusion and hydroalcoholic extract. in general, the samples were effective against gr ... | 2015 | 25148969 |
| draft genome sequence of cronobacter sakazakii clonal complex 45 strain hpb5174, isolated from a powdered infant formula facility in ireland. | cronobacter sakazakii is a food-borne pathogenic bacterium that may cause severe illness in neonates and the elderly. we present the genome sequence of a rare strain (st40, cc45), commonly found in multiple food processing facilities and in powdered infant formula and only indicted in a single clinical case. | 2014 | 25103765 |
| bacterial maximum non-inhibitory and minimum inhibitory concentrations of different water activity depressing solutes. | the nacl mnics (maximum non-inhibitory concentrations) and mics (minimum inhibitory concentrations) for growth of various strains of six bacterial species were determined and then compared with those obtained for seven other solutes. the influence of prior growth conditions on the mnics and mics was also evaluated. no significant changes on the mnics and mics were found among the strains studied within each species. among all factors investigated, only growth phase -for gram-negatives- and growt ... | 2014 | 25090605 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of cronobacter species, with particular attention to the newly reclassified species cronobacter helveticus, cronobacter pulveris, and cronobacter zurichensis. | in 2013, enterobacter helveticus, enterobacter pulveris and enterobacter turicensis, were reclassified as cronobacter helveticus, cronobacter pulveris and cronobacter zurichensis, respectively. previously these species had been used as negative controls for some cronobacter detection assays. this study examined cultural, biochemical and molecular cronobacter detection and identification assays, with emphasis on the new species. additionally, 32 cronobacter genomes were examined for the presence ... | 2014 | 25084667 |
| the genotypic characterization of cronobacter spp. isolated in china. | cronobacter spp. (enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (pif). to describe the genotypic diversity of cronobacter isolated in china, we identified the isolates using fusa allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multi-locus sequence typing (mlst), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva). a total of 105 isolates were identified, which included c. sakazakii (58 isolat ... | 2014 | 25029018 |
| supersize me: cronobacter sakazakii phage gap32. | cronobacter sakazakii is a gram-negative pathogen found in milk-based formulae that causes infant meningitis. bacteriophages have been proposed to control bacterial pathogens; however, comprehensive knowledge about a phage is required to ensure its safety before clinical application. we have characterized c. sakazakii phage vb_csam_gap32 (gap32), which possesses the second largest sequenced phage genome (358,663bp). a total of 571 genes including 545 protein coding sequences and 26 trnas were id ... | 2014 | 25010279 |
| complete genome sequence of enterobacteria phage 4mg, a new member of the subgroup "pvp-se1-like phage" of the "rv5-like viruses". | a novel virulent enterobacteria phage, 4mg, which was isolated from soil near a sewer, belongs to the family myoviridae, as it possesses an isometric head and a long contractile tail. the complete genome of 4mg consists of a double-stranded dna with a length of 148,567 bp, a g + c content of 46.3 %, 271 open reading frames (orfs), and 21 trnas. bioinformatic analysis revealed that 4mg highly resembles "rv5-like viruses" but can be separated, together with salmonella phage pvp-se1 and cronobacter ... | 2014 | 24938485 |
| development of a rapid detection system for opportunistic pathogenic cronobacter spp. in powdered milk products. | certain species of the genus cronobacter are considered opportunistic pathogens, but their detection in milk products according to iso/ts 22964 may take up to six days. the aim of this study was to develop a fast and sensitive pcr-based detection system for these species including enrichment, dna-isolation and detection by real-time pcr, using the outer membrane protein gene ompa as a target. the assay was successfully validated using type strains of the genus cronobacter, as well as 18 strains ... | 2014 | 24929712 |
| adherence inhibition of cronobacter sakazakii to intestinal epithelial cells by lactoferrin. | cronobacter sakazakii is now recognized as an opportunistic pathogen and has been implicated in rare but severe cases of necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis, and sepsis in neonates. the first step in bacterial pathogenesis requires that the organism adheres to host cells surfaces; therefore, agents that inhibit adherence might be useful for preventing infections. lactoferrin, an iron binding protein found in milk, has been shown to inhibit bacterial adherence by direct interaction and disrupti ... | 2014 | 24928110 |
| analysis of the role of the cronobacter sakazakii prop homologues in osmotolerance. | bacteria respond to elevated osmolality by the accumulation of a range of low molecular weight molecules, known as compatible solutes (owing to their compatibility with the cells' normal physiology at high internal concentrations). the neonatal pathogen cronobacter sakazakii is uniquely osmotolerant, surviving in powdered infant formula (pif) which typically has a water activity (aw) of 0.2 - inhospitable to most micro-organisms. mortality rates of up to 80% in infected infants have been recorde ... | 2014 | 24910715 |
| sub-inhibitory concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde attenuate virulence in cronobacter sakazakii in vitro. | cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen, which causes a life-threatening form of meningitis, necrotizing colitis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and children. epidemiological studies implicate dried infant formula as the principal source of c. sakazakii. in this study, we investigated the efficacy of sub-inhibitory concentrations (sic) of trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), an ingredient in cinnamon, for reducing c. sakazakii virulence in vitro using cell culture, microscopy and gene expression ... | 2014 | 24837831 |
| is cronobacter sakazakii infection possible in an exclusively breastfed premature neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit? | cronobacter species are gram-negative rods that may cause life-threatening infections in neonates and infants. they belong to the family of enterobacteriaceae. the first case was published in 1961 in england and about 150 cases have been reported thus far in the literature. the worst form of infection results in meningitis, leaving survivors with devastating neurological sequelae. we present the case of a premature neonate who was exclusively gavage fed with non-fortified breast milk and develop ... | 2014 | 24776603 |
| efficiency of bacteriophage therapy against cronobacter sakazakii in galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae. | cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic pathogen found in milk-based powdered infant formulae, has been linked to meningitis in infants, with high fatality rates. a set of phages from various environments were purified and tested in vitro against strains of c. sakazakii. based on host range and lytic activity, the t4-like phage vb_csam_gap161, which belongs to the family myoviridae, was selected for evaluation of its efficacy against c. sakazakii. galleria mellonella larvae were used as a whole- ... | 2014 | 24705602 |
| acid stress management by cronobacter sakazakii. | cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogenic microorganism associated with sporadic cases of neonatal meningitis, necrotising enterocolitis, septicaemia, bloody diarrhoea and brain abscesses acquired through the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula (pif). this study aimed to investigate the growth of c. sakazakii dpc6529, a particularly stress tolerant clinical isolate, in acidified laboratory media and pif. the possibility of a stationary-phase acid tolerance response (atr) wa ... | 2014 | 24667315 |
| isolation and molecular typing of cronobacter spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow-up formula. | cronobacter spp. (enterobacter sakazakii) are important foodborne pathogens. infections with this pathogen can lead to neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bacteremia. this study examined cronobacter spp. contamination in commercial powdered infant formulas (pifs) and follow-up formulas (fufs) in china. forty-nine of 399 samples were contaminated with cronobacter spp. and 10.2% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime; in contrast, all of the tested isolates were susceptible t ... | 2014 | 24660862 |
| detection of persistent organic compounds from biomethanated distillery spent wash (bmds) and their degradation by manganese peroxidase and laccase producing bacterial strains. | biomethanated distillery spent wash (bmds) retains dark black colour with complex persistent organic pollutants even after anaerobic treatment. the specific ratio (4:3:1:1) of proteus mirabilis (fj581028), bacillus sp. (fj581030), raoultella planticola (gu329705) and enterobacter sakazakii (fj581031) decolourised bmds up to 76% within 192 hr along with degradation of persistent organic compounds in presence of glucose (1%) and peptone (0.1%). the colour removal ability was noted due to ligninoly ... | 2013 | 24640253 |
| conditioned medium from bifidobacteria infantis protects against cronobacter sakazakii-induced intestinal inflammation in newborn mice. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants. several hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of nec have been proposed but to date no effective treatment is available. previous studies suggest that probiotic supplementation is protective. we recently reported that probiotic (bifidobacterium infantis) conditioned medium (pcm) has an anti-inflammatory effect in cultured fetal human intestinal cells (h4) and fetal intestine explan ... | 2014 | 24627567 |
| putative inv is essential for basolateral invasion of caco-2 cells and acts synergistically with ompa to affect in vitro and in vivo virulence of cronobacter sakazakii atcc 29544. | cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes neonatal meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. its interaction with intestinal epithelium is important in the pathogenesis of enteric infections. in this study, we investigated the involvement of the inv gene in the virulence of c. sakazakii atcc 29544 in vitro and in vivo. sequence analysis of c. sakazakii atcc 29544 inv revealed that it is different from other c. sakazakii isolates. in various cell culture models, an δinv delet ... | 2014 | 24549330 |
| evaluation of the microbial safety of child food of animal origin in greece. | foodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially for children, even in the developed world. the aim of this study was to assess the microbial safety of food of animal origin intended for consumption by children in greece. sampling involved 8 categories of retail products and was completed with a collection of 850 samples. these were tested by pcr and/or culture for listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., cronobacter sakazakii, b ... | 2014 | 24506312 |