| characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a phenanthrene-degrading strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil. | bacterium strain eva17 was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, and identified as sphingomonas sp. based on analysis of 16s rdna sequence, cellular fatty acid composition and physiological-chemical tests. the salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (c230) were detected in cell-free lysates, suggesting a pathway for phenanthrene catabolism via salicylate and catechol. alignment showed that both of the c230 and gst genes of the strain eva17 had high similarity with homologues of st ... | 2004 | 15495962 |
| detection and characterization of conjugative degradative plasmids in xenobiotic-degrading sphingomonas strains. | a systematic survey for the presence of plasmids in 17 different xenobiotic-degrading sphingomonas strains was performed. in almost all analyzed strains, two to five plasmids with sizes of about 50 to 500 kb were detected by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. a comparison of plasmid preparations untreated or treated with s1 nuclease suggested that, in general, sphingomonas plasmids are circular. hybridization experiments with labeled gene probes suggested that large plasmids are involved in ... | 2004 | 15175300 |
| [bacterial systems of sugar transport]. | | 2003 | 15176119 |
| dynamics of multiple lin gene expression in sphingomonas paucimobilis b90a in response to different hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. | sphingomonas paucimobilis b90a is able to degrade the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (hch). it contains the genes lina, linb, linc, lind, line, and linr, which have been implicated in hch degradation. in this study, dynamic expression of the lin genes was measured in chemostat-grown s. paucimobilis b90a by rna dot blot hybridization and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr upon exposure to a pulse of different hch isomers. irrespective of the addition of hch, li ... | 2004 | 15528530 |
| characterization of degradation process of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins by a gram-negative aerobic bacterium. | a bacterium termed 7cy, capable of decomposing cyanobacterial toxins, was isolated from surface water sample of lake suwa and degradation of microcystin-rr and nodularin-har was investigated. the isolated 7cy was a gram-negative, aerobic bacillus, and a member of a genus sphingomonas. the strain degraded microcystin-ly, -lw, and -lf completely as well as microcystin-lr within 4 days after their addition (6 microg/ml) whereas degradation of nodularin-har did not occur at all during experiment. on ... | 2004 | 15207597 |
| degradation of a nonylphenol single isomer by sphingomonas sp. strain ttnp3 leads to a hydroxylation-induced migration product. | sphingomonas sp. strain ttnp3 degrades 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol and unidentified metabolites that were described previously. the chromatographic analyses of the synthesized reference compound and the metabolites led to their identification as 2(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-1,4-benzenediol. this finding indicates that the nonylphenol metabolism of this bacterium involves unconventional degradation pathways where an nih shift mechanism occurs. | 2004 | 15528560 |
| treatment of atrazine by integrating photocatalytic and biological processes. | this research examines the degradation of atrazine by photocatalytic oxidation (pco) under different experimental conditions. deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine and deethyldeisopropylatrazine were formed as major intermediates based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the reaction mixture was found to be toxic towards two bioassays, i.e. the microtox and amphipods survival tests even when atrazine was completely degraded by pco within 2 h under optimized conditions. the results indicate t ... | 2004 | 15210274 |
| isolation of adda from microcystin-lr by microbial degradation. | the intact adda was isolated from microcystin-lr by a microbial degradation using an isolated sphingomonas strain, b-9. the reaction of microcystin-lr with cell extract of this strain proceeded smoothly to give the final degradation product by way of two intermediates, linearized microcystin-lr and a tetrapeptide. the purified adda that was structurally characterized using various spectral data did not show the toxicity to mice or inhibition to protein phosphatase activity in contrast to the nat ... | 2004 | 15225569 |
| molecular analysis of shower curtain biofilm microbes. | households provide environments that encourage the formation of microbial communities, often as biofilms. such biofilms constitute potential reservoirs for pathogens, particularly for immune-compromised individuals. one household environment that potentially accumulates microbial biofilms is that provided by vinyl shower curtains. over time, vinyl shower curtains accumulate films, commonly referred to as "soap scum," which microscopy reveals are constituted of lush microbial biofilms. to determi ... | 2004 | 15240300 |
| comparative biochemical analysis of three bacterial prolyl endopeptidases: implications for coeliac sprue. | prolyl endopeptidases have potential for treating coeliac sprue, a disease of the intestine caused by proteolytically resistant peptides from proline-rich prolamins of wheat, barley and rye. we compared the properties of three similar bacterial prolyl endopeptidases, including the known enzymes from flavobacterium meningosepticum (fm) and sphingomonas capsulate (sc) and a novel enzyme from myxococcus xanthus (mx). these enzymes were interrogated with reference chromogenic substrates, as well as ... | 2004 | 15245330 |
| plant-assisted degradation of phenanthrene as assessed by solid-phase microextraction (spme). | the soil bacterium sphingomonas yanoikuyae was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil and grown on mineral salts agar overlaid with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene. the effect of white mustard, sinapis alba, on phenanthrene degradation by s. yanoikuyae in artificially contaminated redi-earth-sand was examined. solid-phase-microextraction (spme) gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (gc-fid) was used to quantify the concentration of phenanthrene in the gas phase of m ... | 2004 | 15554477 |
| bacterial diversity of a soil sample from schirmacher oasis, antarctica. | the bacterial diversity of a soil sample collected in the vicinity of lake zub, schirmacher oasis, antarctica, was determined both by establishing pure colonies of culturable bacteria and by cloning the total 16s rdna of the soil and establishing the phylogeny of the clones. analysis of the 16s rrna gene clones indicated that the bacteria belonged to the classes alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria, gemmatimonas, bacteriodetes, actinobacteria, chloroflexi and chlamydia ... | 2004 | 15559969 |
| are some putative glycogen accumulating organisms (gao) in anaerobic : aerobic activated sludge systems members of the alpha-proteobacteria? | activated sludge plants designed to remove phosphorus microbiologically often perform unreliably. one suggestion is that the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (pao) are out-competed for substrates by another group of bacteria, the glycogen-accumulating organisms (gao) in the anaerobic zones of these processes. this study used fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to analyse the communities from laboratory-scale anaerobic : aerobic sequenc ... | 2004 | 15256569 |
| monitoring the coral disease, plague type ii, on coral reefs in st. john, u.s. virgin islands. | in july 1997, conspicuous white patches of necrotic tissue and bare skeleton began to appear on scleractinian corals in several bays around st. john, us virgin islands. analysis of diseased coral tissue from five different species confirmed the presence of a sphingomonas-like bacterium, the pathogen for plague type ii. to date, 14 species of hard corals have been affected by plague type ii around st. john. this disease was monitored at haulover and tektite reefs at depths of 7-12 meters. the stu ... | 2003 | 15264553 |
| characterization of micro-organisms isolated from dairy industry after cleaning and fogging disinfection with alkyl amine and peracetic acid. | to characterize micro-organisms isolated from norwegian dairy production plants after cleaning and fogging disinfection with alkyl amine/peracetic acid and to indicate reasons for survival. | 2005 | 15610421 |
| rapid screening and dereplication of bacterial isolates from marine sponges of the sula ridge by intact-cell-maldi-tof mass spectrometry (icm-ms). | rapid grouping of bacterial isolates is critical in comprehensive microbial studies of environmental samples or screening programmes e.g. in unknown marine environments where large numbers of strains have to be isolated on different growth media. sets of bacteria have been cultured from the marine sponges isops phlegraei, haliclona sp. 1, phakellia ventilabrum and plakortis sp. growing at a depth of about 300 m on the sula ridge close to the norwegian coast. we employed intact-cell maldi-tof (ic ... | 2004 | 15614563 |
| divergent structures of carbazole degradative car operons isolated from gram-negative bacteria. | southern hybridization analysis of the genomes from the newly-isolated 10 carbazole (car)-utilizing bacteria revealed that 8 of the isolates carried gene clusters homologous to the car-catabolic car operon of pseudomonas resinovorans strain ca10. sequencing analysis showed that two car operons and the neighboring regions of pseudomonas sp. strain k23 are nearly identical to that of strain ca10. in contrast to strains ca10 and k23, caref genes did not exist downstream of the car gene cluster of j ... | 2004 | 15277751 |
| evolutionarily divergent extradiol dioxygenases possess higher specificities for polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites. | the reactivities of four evolutionarily divergent extradiol dioxygenases towards mono-, di-, and trichlorinated (tricl) 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls (dhbs) were investigated: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.39) from burkholderia sp. strain lb400 (dhbdlb400), dhbdp6-i and dhbdp6-iii from rhodococcus globerulus p6, and 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 (thbdrw1). the specificity of each isozyme for particular dhbs differed by up to 3 orders of magnitude ... | 2005 | 15629912 |
| comparison of n-eicosane and phenanthrene removal by pure and mixed cultures of two marine bacteria. | the biotransformation activities of two hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria, corynebacterium sp. and sphingomonas sp. 2mpii, on n-eicosane and phenanthrene were investigated. during a 56-day experiment, in pure and mixed cultures, corynebacterium sp. and sphingomonas sp. 2mpii removed about 70% of the initial n-eicosane and phenanthrene concentrations (1 and 0.4 g l(-1), respectively). in pure cultures, culturable cell abundances increased over time, from 0.8 to 8.6 x 10(-11) cfu l(-1) (coryneba ... | 2004 | 15325883 |
| identification and characterization of genes involved in the downstream degradation pathway of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26. | sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26 utilizes gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) as a sole source of carbon and energy. in our previous study, we cloned and characterized genes that are involved in the conversion of gamma-hch to maleylacetate (ma) via chlorohydroquinone (chq) in ut26. in this study, we identified and characterized an ma reductase gene, designated linf, that is essential for the utilization of gamma-hch in ut26. a gene named lineb, whose deduced product showed significant identity ... | 2005 | 15659662 |
| stable long-term indigo production by overexpression of dioxygenase genes using a chromosomal integrated cascade expression circuit. | in our laboratory we have analyzed different factors to maximize the yield in heterologous protein expression for long-term cultivation, by combination of an efficient cascade expression system and stable integration in the bacterial chromosome. in this work, we have explored this system for the production of indigo dye as a model for biotechnological production, by expressing in escherichia coli the thna1a2a3a4 genes from sphingomonas macrogolitabida strain tfa, which encode the components of a ... | 2004 | 15664075 |
| bacterial glycolipids and analogs as antigens for cd1d-restricted nkt cells. | the cd1 family of proteins binds self and foreign glycolipids for presentation to cd1-restricted t cells. to identify previously uncharacterized active cd1 ligands, especially those of microbial origin, numerous glycolipids were synthesized and tested for their ability to stimulate mouse and human natural killer t (nkt) cells. they included analogs of the well known nkt cell agonist alpha-galactosyl ceramide (alpha-galcer), bacterial glycolipids, and variations of the self-glycolipid, sulfatide. ... | 2005 | 15665086 |
| molecular identification and characterization of an alginate-binding protein on the cell surface of sphingomonas sp. a1. | cells of sphingomonas sp. a1 (strain a1) directly incorporate a macromolecule, alginate, into cytoplasm through a biosystem, or "super-channel," consisting of a pit on the cell surface, alginate-binding proteins in periplasm, and an abc transporter in the inner membrane. the pit functions as a concentrator for extracellular alginate. through differential display analysis, a protein (p8) with a molecular mass of 20kda and a pi of 7.4 was found to be inducibly expressed in the outer membrane of al ... | 2004 | 15336522 |
| identification of insertion sequence from a gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degrading bacterium, sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26. | tn5-derived mutants of the gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterium sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26 were genetically characterized, and an endogenous insertion sequence (is) which belongs to the is1380 family was identified. the is, named issp1, existed as multi copies in ut26, and its transposition appeared to be activated during the process of tn5-mutagenesis. it was found that transposon mutagenesis can cause endogenous mutations. | 2005 | 15665490 |
| three-block bi-focal pls (3bif-pls) and its application in qsar. | when x and y are multivariate, the two-block partial least squares (pls) method is often used. in this paper, we outline an extension addressing a special case of the three-block (x/y/z) problem, where z sits "under" y. we have called this approach three-block bi-focal pls (3bif-pls). it views the x/y relationship as the dominant problem, and seeks to use the additional information in z in order to improve the interpretation of the y-part of the x/y association. two data sets are used to illustr ... | 2004 | 15669704 |
| requirement of a relatively high threshold level of mg(2+) for cell growth of a rhizoplane bacterium, sphingomonas yanoikuyae ec-s001. | mg(2+) is one of the essential elements for bacterial cell growth. the presence of the magnesium cation (mg(2+)) in various concentrations often affects cell growth restoration in plant-associating bacteria. this study attempted to determine whether mg(2+) levels in sphingomonas yanoikuyae ec-s001 affected cell growth restoration in the host plant and what the threshold level is. s. yanoikuyae ec-s001, isolated from the rhizoplane of spinach seedlings grown from surface-sterilized seeds under as ... | 2004 | 15345402 |
| biodegradation of phthalate esters by two bacteria strains. | in this study two aerobic phthalic acid ester (pae) degrading bacteria strains, dk4 and o18, were isolated from river sediment and petrochemical sludge, respectively. the two strains were found to rapidly degrade pae with shorter alkyl-chains such diethyl phthalate (dep), dipropyl phthalate (dprp), di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp), benzylbutyl phthalate (bbp) and diphenyl phthalate (dpp) are very easily biodegraded, while pae with longer alkyl-chains such as dicyclohexyl phthalate (dcp) and dihexyl ph ... | 2004 | 15006506 |
| hydrocarbon spills on antarctic soils: effects and management. | antarctic exploration and research have led to some significant although localized impacts on the environment. human impacts occur around current or past scientific research stations, typically located on ice-free areas that are predominantly soils. fuel spills, the most common occurrence, have the potential to cause the greatest environmental impact in the antarctic through accumulation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. effective management of hydrocarbon spills is dependent on understanding ... | 2004 | 15046325 |
| organization of genes required for gellan polysaccharide biosynthesis in sphingomonas elodea atcc 31461. | sphingomonas elodea atcc 31461 produces gellan, a capsular polysaccharide that is useful as a gelling agent for food and microbiological media. complementation of nonmucoid s. elodea mutants with a gene library resulted in identification of genes essential for gellan biosynthesis. a cluster of 18 genes spanning 21 kb was isolated. these 18 genes are homologous to genes for synthesis of sphingan polysaccharide s-88 from sphingomonas sp. atcc 31554, with predicted amino acid identities varying fro ... | 2004 | 14767675 |
| quantitative analysis of substrate specificity of haloalkane dehalogenase linb from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26. | haloalkane dehalogenases are microbial enzymes that cleave a carbon-halogen bond in halogenated compounds. the haloalkane dehalogenase linb, isolated from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26, is a broad-specificity enzyme. fifty-five halogenated aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons were tested for dehalogenation with the linb enzyme. the compounds for testing were systematically selected using a statistical experimental design. steady-state kinetic constants k(m) and k(cat) were determined for 25 substr ... | 2005 | 15736949 |
| sphingomonas sp. strain sb5 degrades carbofuran to a new metabolite by hydrolysis at the furanyl ring. | microorganisms capable of degrading carbofuran were isolated from soils and examined for the degradation of this pesticide at ring structure. an isolate that could degrade carbofuran and carbofuran-7-phenol was selected for further studies. the 16s rrna analysis results showed that the isolate belongs to the genus of sphingomonas, close to dioxin and dicamba degraders, and is named sphingomonas sp. sb5. sb5 did not show any similarity of 16s rrna to known carbofuran degraders. when time-course d ... | 2004 | 15080638 |
| the gellan gum biosynthetic genes gelc and gele encode two separate polypeptides homologous to the activator and the kinase domains of tyrosine autokinases. | the high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide gellan is an important commercial gelling agent produced in high yield by the gram-negative bacterium sphingomonas elodea atcc 31461. the cluster of genes required for gellan biosynthesis contains the genes gelc and gele. these encode for two polypeptides homologous to the activator domain and the kinase domain, respectively, of bacterial autophosphorylating tyrosine kinases involved in polysaccharide chain length determination. the gelc/gele pair is a ... | 2004 | 15741740 |
| a tetrahydrofolate-dependent o-demethylase, ligm, is crucial for catabolism of vanillate and syringate in sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. | vanillate and syringate are converted into protocatechuate (pca) and 3-o-methylgallate (3mga), respectively, by o-demethylases in sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. pca is further degraded via the pca 4,5-cleavage pathway, while 3mga is degraded through multiple pathways in which pca 4,5-dioxygenase (ligab), 3mga 3,4-dioxygenase (desz), and an unidentified 3mga o-demethylase and gallate dioxygenase are participants. for this study, we isolated a 4.7-kb smai fragment that conferred on escherichia c ... | 2005 | 15743951 |
| origin and diversity of alginate lyases of families pl-5 and -7 in sphingomonas sp. strain a1. | sphingomonas sp. strain a1 has three endotype alginate lyases (a1-i, a1-ii [family pl-7], and a1-iii [family pl-5]), each of which is encoded by a single gene. in addition to those of these lyases, a gene (the a1-ii' gene) showing significant identity with the a1-ii gene was present in the bacterial genome and coded for an alginate lyase with broad substrate specificity. since no expression of a1-ii' was observed even in bacterial cells grown on alginate, the a1-ii' gene was thought to be a sile ... | 2004 | 15090531 |
| structure and function of a hypothetical pseudomonas aeruginosa protein pa1167 classified into family pl-7: a novel alginate lyase with a beta-sandwich fold. | structural and functional analyses of alginate lyases are important in the clarification of the biofilm-dependent ecosystem in pseudomonas aeruginosa and in the development of therapeutic agents for bacterial disease. most alginate lyases are classified into polysaccharide lyase (pl) family-5 and -7 based on their primary structures. family pl-7 enzymes are still poorly characterized especially in structural properties. among family pl-7, a gene coding for a hypothetical protein (pa1167) homolog ... | 2004 | 15136569 |
| characteristics of bacterial strains inhabiting the wood of coniferous trees. | the presented studies embraced samples of wood chips from coniferous trees which contained layers of duramen, alburnum and bark. microbiological analysis involved qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial flora inhabiting the studied wood material. the wood chips were found to contain primarily species belonging to the genera bacillus and pseudomonas. the presence of the potentially pathogenic species bacillus cereus 1, sphingomonas paucimobilis, aeromonas salmonicida and chryseomo ... | 2004 | 15790079 |
| recognition of bacterial glycosphingolipids by natural killer t cells. | natural killer t (nkt) cells constitute a highly conserved t lymphocyte subpopulation that has the potential to regulate many types of immune responses through the rapid secretion of cytokines. nkt cells recognize glycolipids presented by cd1d, a class i-like antigen-presenting molecule. they have an invariant t-cell antigen receptor (tcr) alpha-chain, but whether this invariant tcr recognizes microbial antigens is still controversial. here we show that most mouse and human nkt cells recognize g ... | 2005 | 15791257 |
| exogenous and endogenous glycolipid antigens activate nkt cells during microbial infections. | cd1d-restricted natural killer t (nkt) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that express a conserved t-cell receptor and contribute to host defence against various microbial pathogens. however, their target lipid antigens have remained elusive. here we report evidence for microbial, antigen-specific activation of nkt cells against gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-negative alpha-proteobacteria such as ehrlichia muris and sphingomonas capsulata. we have identified glycosylceramides from the ce ... | 2005 | 15791258 |
| heterologous gene expression in thermus thermophilus: beta-galactosidase, dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, pnb carboxy esterase, 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol dioxygenase, and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. | enzymes from thermophiles are preferred for industrial applications because they generally show improved tolerance to temperature, pressure, solvents, and ph as compared with enzymes from mesophiles. however, nearly all thermostable enzymes used in industrial applications or available commercially are produced as recombinant enzymes in mesophiles, typically escherichia coli. the development of high-temperature bioprocesses, particularly those involving cofactor-requiring enzymes and/or multi-ste ... | 2004 | 15138843 |
| diversity of carbazole-degrading bacteria having the car gene cluster: isolation of a novel gram-positive carbazole-degrading bacterium. | twenty-seven carbazole-utilizing bacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples, and were classified into 14 groups by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis. southern hybridization analyses showed that 3 and 17 isolates possessed the car gene homologs of pseudomonas resinovorans ca10 and sphingomonas sp. strain ka1, respectively. of the 17 isolates, 2 isolates also have the homolog of the caraa gene of sphingomonas sp. strain cb3. while the genome of one isolate, a gram-positi ... | 2005 | 15796992 |
| streptomycin as a selective agent to facilitate recovery and isolation of introduced and indigenous sphingomonas from environmental samples. | sphingomonas is an organism of major interest for the degradation of organic contaminants in soils and other environments. a medium based on the aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin (sm) was developed, which, together with the yellow pigmentation of sphingomonas, facilitated the detection, recovery and quantification of culturable sphingomonas from soils. all 29 previously described bacterial strains belonging to 17 different sphingomonas species were able to grow on mineral media containing 2 ... | 2004 | 15479246 |
| degradation of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane by haloalkane dehalogenase linb from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26. | beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-hch) is the most recalcitrant among the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isomers of hch and causes serious environmental pollution problems. we demonstrate here that the haloalkane dehalogenase linb, reported earlier to mediate the second step in the degradation of gamma-hch in sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26, metabolizes beta-hch to produce 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexanol. | 2005 | 15812056 |
| microbial degradation of a single branched isomer of nonylphenol by sphingomonas ttnp3. | the endocrine disrupting chemical nonylphenol (np) is a technical product which consists of a complex mixture of nonylphenols with different alkyl side-chain isomers. since the bio-degradation of each np isomer may lead to its own range of metabolites, the isolation and identification of transformation products is very difficult. in order to overcome this difficulty, the nonylphenol isomer 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol (p353np) was synthesized, and its degradation by an axenic culture of sp ... | 2004 | 15497847 |
| bioavailability of a nonylphenol isomer in dependence on the association to dissolved humic substances. | humic substances are important environmental components since they represent a very large part of organic compounds on earth. according to many reports, dissolved humic substances are a determinant parameter for the bioavailability of xenobiotic compounds. for the present bioavailability studies, two kinds of dissolved humic substances, a commercially available humic acid and fulvic acids isolated from peat were used. as the relevant xenobiotic, a defined branched nonylphenol isomer, 4(3',5'-dim ... | 2004 | 15497858 |
| osteomyelitis and secondary septic arthritis caused by sphingomonas paucimobilis. | we describe a case of osteomyelitis and secondary septic arthritis caused by sphingomonas paucimobilis in an immunosupressed adolescent which did not present typically, leading to a delay in diagnosis. this case highlights the need to thoroughly investigate musculoskeletal pain in the immunocompromised patient in order to exclude an infection as a cause. | 2005 | 15827879 |
| [auxin production by bacteria associated with orchid roots]. | bacteria associated with the roots of greenhouse tropical orchids were shown to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and to excrete it into the culture liquid. the presence and activity of iaa were demonstrated colorimetrically, by thin-layer chromatography, and by biotests. the associated bacteria varied in their ability to excrete indole compounds (1-28 microg/ml nutrient broth). addition of tryptophan to the growth medium enhanced phytohormone production. upon addition of 200 microg/ml tryptoph ... | 2005 | 15835779 |
| identification and functional analysis of two aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases from a sphingomonas strain that degrades various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | in this study, the enzymes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degradation in the chrysene-degrading organism sphingomonas sp. strain chy-1 were investigated. [14c]chrysene mineralization experiments showed that pah-grown bacteria produced high levels of chrysene-catabolic activity. one pah-induced protein displayed similarity with a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase beta subunit, and a second pah-induced protein displayed similarity with an extradiol dioxygenase. the genes encoding t ... | 2004 | 15528538 |
| structure and function of bacterial super-biosystem responsible for import and depolymerization of macromolecules. | generally, when microbes assimilate macromolecules, they incorporate low-molecular-weight products derived from macromolecules through the actions of extracellular degrading enzymes. however, a gram-negative bacterium, sphingomonas sp. a1, has a smart biosystem for the import and depolymerization of macromolecules. the bacterial cells directly incorporate a macromolecule, alginate, into the cytoplasm through a "superchannel", as we named it. the superchannel consists of a pit on the cell surface ... | 2005 | 15849405 |
| [ion beam implantation in breeding efficient degradation bacteria]. | sphingomonas sp. an1 was mutagenized and breeded by n+ implantation, mutants capable of degrading anthrancene was obtained. the research review that the degrading rate increased by 29.3% and 36.2% while the mutagenized rate was 80% - 100% and 60% - 80%. in addition, the maximum concentration of enduring anthracene reached 300mg/l and 400mg/l. their heritance stability were examined for fifteen transfers. among these strains, two strains,an815-3 and an315-5s,showed predominant character of surviv ... | 2005 | 15859427 |
| sphingomonas phyllosphaerae sp. nov., from the phyllosphere of acacia caven in argentina. | two bacterial strains (fa1 and fa2(t)) were isolated from the phyllosphere of a leguminous tree, acacia caven, in central argentina. the strains were gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and formed yellow-pigmented colonies on nutrient agar. the two-primer rapd patterns of the two strains were identical, suggesting that they belong to the same species. the complete 16s rrna gene sequences of the two strains were obtained and comparisons demonstrated that they cluster phylogenetica ... | 2004 | 15545449 |
| isolation and characterization of phenanthrene-degrading sphingomonas paucimobilis strain zx4. | phenanthrene-degrading bacterium strain zx4 was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, and identified as sphingomonas paucimobilis based on 16s rdna sequence, cellular fatty acid composition, mol% g + c and biolog-gn tests. besides phenanthrene, strain zx4 could also utilize naphthalene, fluorene and other aromatic compounds. the growth on salicylic acid and catechol showed that the strain degraded phenanthrene via salicylate pathway, while the assay of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase revealed catecho ... | 2005 | 15865153 |
| sphingomonas oligophenolica sp. nov., a halo- and organo-sensitive oligotrophic bacterium from paddy soil that degrades phenolic acids at low concentrations. | the taxonomic position of a halo- and organo-sensitive, oligotrophic soil bacterium, strain s213(t), was investigated. cells were gram-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented rods of short to medium length on diluted nutrient broth. when 0.1-0.4 % (w/v) nacl was added to diluted media composed of peptone and meat extract, growth was inhibited with increasing nacl concentration and the cells became long aberrant forms. when 6 mm cacl(2) was added, the cells grew quite normally an ... | 2004 | 15545456 |
| microbial community dynamics in bioaugmented sequencing batch reactors for bromoamine acid removal. | sphingomonas xenophaga qyy with the ability to degrade bromoamine acid (baa) was previously isolated from sludge samples. the enhancement of baa removal by strain qyy in sequencing batch reactors (sbrs) was investigated in this study. the results showed that augmented sbrs exhibited stronger abilities to degrade baa than the non-augmented control one. in order to estimate the relationship between community dynamics and function of augmented sbrs, a combined method based on fingerprints (ribosoma ... | 2005 | 15869973 |
| identification and phenotypic characterization of sphingomonas wittichii strain rw1 by peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | mass spectrometry is a potentially attractive means of monitoring the survival and efficacy of bioaugmentation agents, such as the dioxin-mineralizing bacterium sphingomonas wittichii strain rw1. the biotransformation activity of rw1 phenotypes is determined primarily by the presence and concentration of the dioxin dioxygenase, an enzyme initiating the degradation of both dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (df). we explored the possibility of identifying and characterizing putative cultures of rw ... | 2005 | 15870332 |
| phosphonium ionic liquids for degradation of phenol in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor. | six ionic liquids (ils), which are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature, were tested for their biocompatibility with three xenobiotic-degrading bacteria, pseudomonas putida, achromobacter xylosoxidans, and sphingomonas aromaticivorans. of the 18 pairings, seven were found to demonstrate biocompatibility, with one il (trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide) being biocompatible with all three organisms. this il was then used in a two-phase partitioning bior ... | 2005 | 15549289 |
| influence of the carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus ratio on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by mycobacterium and sphingomonas in soil. | biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the environment is often limited due to unfavorable nutrient conditions for the bacteria that use these pahs as sole source of carbon and energy. mycobacterium and sphingomonas are 2 pah-degrading specialists commonly present in pah-polluted soil, but not much is known about their specific nutrient requirements. by adding different inorganic supplements of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p), affecting the overall carbon/nitrogen/phosphoru ... | 2005 | 15549290 |
| a previously unexposed forest soil microbial community degrades high levels of the pollutant 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. | 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-tcp) is a hazardous pollutant that is efficiently degraded by some aerobic soil bacterial isolates under laboratory conditions. the degradation of this pollutant in soils and its effect on the soil microbial community are poorly understood. we report here the ability of a previously unexposed forest soil microbiota to degrade high levels of 2,4,6-tcp and describe the changes in the soil microbial community found by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t ... | 2004 | 15574963 |
| cell wall glycosphingolipids of sphingomonas paucimobilis are cd1d-specific ligands for nkt cells. | the current consensus on characterization of nkt cells is based on their reactivity to the synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-galcer) in a cd1d-dependent manner. because of the limited availability of alpha-galcer, there is a constant search for cd1d-presented ligands that activate nkt cells. the alpha-anomericity of the carbohydrate is considered to be an important requisite for the cd1d-specific activation of nkt cells. the gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide-free bacterium sp ... | 2005 | 15915536 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel sphingomonad capable of growth with chrysene as sole carbon and energy source. | a bacterial strain able to grow in pure culture with chrysene as sole added carbon and energy source was isolated from pah-contaminated soil after successive enrichment cultures in a biphasic growth medium. initially, growth occurred in the form of a biofilm at the interface between the aqueous and non-aqueous liquid phases. however, after a certain time, a transition occurred in the enrichment cultures, with growth occurring in suspension and a concomitant increase in the rate of chrysene degra ... | 2004 | 15598525 |
| structural and replicative diversity of large plasmids from sphingomonads that degrade polycyclic aromatic compounds and xenobiotics. | the plasmids from 16 sphingomonads which degrade various xenobiotics and polycyclic aromatic compounds were compared with the previously sequenced plasmid pnl1 from sphingomonas aromaticivorans f199. the replicase genes repaaab from plasmid pnl1 were amplified by pcr and used as a gene probe for the identification of plasmids belonging to the same incompatibility group as plasmid pnl1. plasmids were prepared from various sphingomonads and hybridized with the repa gene probe. positive hybridizati ... | 2005 | 15942009 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the gene encoding sphingomonas paucimobilis fp2001 alpha-l -rhamnosidase. | the gene (rham) encoding the alpha-l-rhamnosidase of sphingomonas paucimobilis fp2001 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the rham consisted of 3,354 nucleotides and had a promoter and shine-dalgarno sequences typical in bacteria. the rham encoding a protein (rham) deducted from the sequence consisted of 1,117 amino acids and had a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids. rham has no similarity to other known rhamnosidases. rham has a sugar-binding domain of glycoside hyd ... | 2005 | 15991055 |
| ['in vitro' activity of different antimicrobial agents on gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli, excluding pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp]. | gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli (nfb) are widely spread in the environment. besides of difficulties for identification, they often have a marked multiresistance to antimicrobial agents, including those active against pseudomonas aeruginosa. the objective of this study was to evaluate the 'in vitro' activity of different antimicrobial agents on 177 gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli isolates (excluding pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp.) isolated from clinical specimens. minim ... | 2005 | 15991478 |
| isolation of soil bacteria adapted to degrade humic acid-sorbed phenanthrene. | the goal of these studies was to determine how sorption by humic acids affected the bioavailability of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) to pah-degrading microbes. micellar solutions of humic acid were used as sorbents, and phenanthrene was used as a model pah. enrichments from pah-contaminated soils established with nonsorbed phenanthrene yielded a total of 25 different isolates representing a diversity of bacterial phylotypes. in contrast, only three strains of burkholderia spp. and one ... | 2005 | 16000791 |
| aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. | the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) has been extensively studied in recent years. the genetic organization of biphenyl catabolic genes has been elucidated in various groups of microorganisms, their structures have been analyzed with respect to their evolutionary relationships, and new information on mobile elements has become available. key enzymes, specifically biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenases, have been intensively characterized, structure/sequence relationships have been de ... | 2004 | 15614564 |
| catabolic role of a three-component salicylate oxygenase from sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1 in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. | sphingomonas yanoikuyae b1 possesses several different multicomponent oxygenases involved in metabolizing aromatic compounds. six different pairs of genes encoding large and small subunits of oxygenase iron-sulfur protein components have previously been identified in a gene cluster involved in the degradation of both monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. insertional inactivation of one of the oxygenase large subunit genes, bpha1c, results in a mutant strain unable to grow on naphthale ... | 2005 | 15649397 |
| a novel metabolic pathway for degradation of 4-nonylphenol environmental contaminants by sphingomonas xenophaga bayram: ipso-hydroxylation and intramolecular rearrangement. | several nonylphenol isomers with alpha-quaternary carbon atoms serve as growth substrates for sphingomonas xenophaga bayram, whereas isomers containing hydrogen atoms at the alpha-carbon do not. three metabolites of 4-(1-methyloctyl)-phenol were isolated in mg quantities from cultures of strain bayram supplemented with the growth substrate isomer 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-phenol. they were unequivocally identified as 4-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-octyl)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone, 4-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl ... | 2005 | 15665329 |
| molecular characterization of the gallate dioxygenase from pseudomonas putida kt2440. the prototype of a new subgroup of extradiol dioxygenases. | in this work we have characterized the gala gene product from pseudomonas putida kt2440, a ring-cleavage dioxygenase that acts specifically on gallate to produce 4-oxalomesaconate. the protein is a trimer composed by three identical subunits of 47.6 kda (419 amino acids) that uses fe2+ as the main cofactor. the gallate dioxygenase showed maximum activity at ph 7.0, and the km and vmax values for gallate were 144 microm and 53.2 micromol/min/mg of protein, respectively. a phylogenetic study sugge ... | 2005 | 16030014 |
| characterization of the gallate dioxygenase gene: three distinct ring cleavage dioxygenases are involved in syringate degradation by sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. | sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 converts vanillate and syringate to protocatechuate (pca) and 3-o-methylgallate (3mga) in reactions with the tetrahydrofolate-dependent o-demethylases ligm and desa, respectively. pca is further degraded via the pca 4,5-cleavage pathway, whereas 3mga is metabolized via three distinct pathways in which pca 4,5-dioxygenase (ligab), 3mga 3,4-dioxygenase (desz), and 3mga o-demethylase (ligm) are involved. in the 3mga o-demethylation pathway, ligm converts 3mga to gall ... | 2005 | 16030198 |
| isolation and identification of sphingomonas sp. that yields tert-octylphenol monoethoxylate under aerobic conditions. | topsoil samples were collected from eight golf courses in yamaguchi prefecture, japan, and enrichment cultures were carried out with a basal-salt medium containing 0.2% 4-tert-octylphenol polyethoxylate (oppeo) as sole carbon source. oppeo-degrading activity was detected in one of the samples, from which a strain of oppeo-degrading bacterium was isolated. the isolated bacterium grew on a nutritionally enriched medium (ne medium) containing 0.2% oppeo as sole carbon source, and accumulated 4-tert ... | 2005 | 16041123 |
| dual substrate biodegradation of a nonionic surfactant and pentachlorophenol by sphingomonas chlorophenolica ra2. | the simultaneous biodegradation of the nonionic surfactant tween 20 (tw20) and pentachlorophenol (pcp) by sphingomonas chlorophenolica sp. strain ra2 (ra2) was measured. as a sole substrate, tw20 biodegradation was best described by the contois kinetic model. during concurrent biodegradation of tw20 and pcp, the biodegradation rates of tw20 were not significantly affected by 50 or 100 mg/l pcp, but were significantly inhibited by 500 mg/l pcp. decreases in cell yield in the presence of pcp sugge ... | 2005 | 15685600 |
| two unusual chlorocatechol catabolic gene clusters in sphingomonas sp. tfd44. | the genes responsible for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) by alpha-proteobacteria have previously been difficult to detect by using gene probes or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers. pcr products of the chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene, tfdc, now allowed cloning of two chlorocatechol gene clusters from the sphingomonas sp. strain tfd44. sequence characterization showed that the first cluster, tfdd,rfce, comprises all the genes necessary for the conversion of 3,5-dic ... | 2004 | 15688254 |
| a novel nicotinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in polyethylene glycol degradation. | a gene (pegc) encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) was located 3.4 kb upstream of a gene encoding polyethylene glycol (peg) dehydrogenase (pega) in sphingomonas macrogoltabidus strain 103. aldh was expressed in escherichia coli and purified on a ni-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose column. the recombinant enzyme was a homotetramer consisting of four 46.1-kda subunits. the alignment of the putative amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed high similarity with a group of nad(p)-dependent aldh ... | 2005 | 15726348 |
| genetic and phenotypic diversity of (r/s)-mecoprop [2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid]-degrading bacteria isolated from soils. | twelve mecoprop-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil samples, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics were investigated. analysis of 16s rdna sequences indicated that the isolates were related to members of the genus sphingomonas. ten different chromosomal dna patterns were obtained by polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr) amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) sequences from the 12 isolates. the isolates were found to be able to utilize the chiral herbicide mecoprop a ... | 2004 | 15357300 |
| degradation of anthracene and pyrene supplied by microcrystals and non-aqueous-phase liquids. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are worldwide environmental pollutants. their bioavailability is limited by a low aqueous solubility, which causes specific adaptations in degrading bacteria. to compare bacterial degrading behavior, a study was conducted on the mineralization, metabolization and formation of biomass from (14)c-anthracene by sphingomonas sp. ba2 compared with those from (14)c-pyrene by gordonia-like strain bp9 and mycobacterium gilvum vf1. different conditions of pah suppl ... | 2005 | 15729557 |
| proteins encoded by sphingomonas elodea atcc 31461 rmla and ugpg genes, involved in gellan gum biosynthesis, exhibit both dtdp- and udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase activities. | the commercial gelling agent gellan is a heteropolysaccharide produced by sphingomonas elodea atcc 31461. in this work, we carried out the biochemical characterization of the enzyme encoded by the first gene (rmla) of the rml 4-gene cluster present in the 18-gene cluster required for gellan biosynthesis (gel cluster). based on sequence homology, the putative rml operon is presumably involved in the biosynthesis of dtdp-rhamnose, the sugar necessary for the incorporation of rhamnose in the gellan ... | 2005 | 16085866 |
| structural and mechanistic analysis of two prolyl endopeptidases: role of interdomain dynamics in catalysis and specificity. | prolyl endopeptidases (peps) are a unique class of serine proteases with considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of celiac sprue. the crystal structures of two didomain peps have been solved in alternative configurations, thereby providing insights into the mode of action of these enzymes. the structure of the sphingomonas capsulata pep, solved and refined to 1.8-a resolution, revealed an open configuration of the active site. in contrast, the inhibitor-bound pep from myxococcus xan ... | 2005 | 15738423 |
| differential degradation of nonylphenol isomers by sphingomonas xenophaga bayram. | sphingomonas xenophaga bayram, isolated from the activated sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant, was able to utilize 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol, one of the main isomers of technical nonylphenol mixtures, as a sole carbon and energy source. the isolate degraded 1 mg of 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol/ml in minimal medium within 1 week. growth experiments with five nonylphenol isomers showed that the three isomers with quaternary benzylic carbon atoms [(1,1,2,4-tetrameth ... | 2005 | 15746308 |
| 16s rdna phylogeny and distribution of lin genes in novel hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading sphingomonas strains. | hexachlorocyclohexane (hch) is a highly recalcitrant pesticide that persists in soils. three novel hch-degrading strains (ds2, ds2-2 and ds3-1) were isolated after enrichment from hch-contaminated soil from germany. these strains efficiently degraded the alpha-, gamma- and delta-isomers of hch, while strain ds3-1 also degraded beta-hch. based on 16s rdna analysis, strain ds3-1 was closely related to sphingomonas taejonensis, while strains ds2 and ds2-2 were closely related to sphingomonas flava ... | 2005 | 16104856 |
| ecochemical studies of interrelationships between epiphytic bacteria and host plants via secondary metabolites. | the plant surface, which is representative of the phylloplane and rhizoplane, is a characteristic habitat for microorganisms. in this review, the ecological roles of phytoepiphytic bacteria will be described. the phylloplane and rhizoplane, which are adjacent to the atmosphere and soil sphere respectively, accumulate topically and/or selectively release secondary metabolites that are specific to the plant genera and species which reside within these regions. some epiphytes have abilities to deca ... | 2005 | 16116269 |
| a second 5-carboxyvanillate decarboxylase gene, ligw2, is important for lignin-related biphenyl catabolism in sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. | a lignin-related biphenyl compound, 5,5'-dehydrodivanillate (ddva), is degraded to 5-carboxyvanillate (5cva) by the enzyme reactions catalyzed by ddva o-demethylase (ligx), meta-cleavage oxygenase (ligz), and meta-cleavage compound hydrolase (ligy) in sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. 5cva is then transformed to vanillate by a nonoxidative 5cva decarboxylase and is further degraded through the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway. a 5cva decarboxylase gene, ligw, was isolated from syk-6 (x. peng, ... | 2005 | 16151081 |
| 9,10-phenanthrenequinone photoautocatalyzes its formation from phenanthrene, and inhibits biodegradation of naphthalene. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) have earned considerable attention due to their widespread environmental distribution and toxicity. in the environment, pahs decompose by a variety of biotic and abiotic pathways. in both polar and nonpolar environments, phenanthrene (phe, a common, three-ring pah) is converted by sunlight to more polar products such as 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (pheq) and subsequent oxidation products such as the corresponding open-ring dicarboxylic acid product. biodegrad ... | 2005 | 15758098 |
| hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterial strains sphingomonas paucimobilis b90a, ut26 and sp+, having similar lin genes, represent three distinct species, sphingobium indicum sp. nov., sphingobium japonicum sp. nov. and sphingobium francense sp. nov., and reclassification of [sphingomonas] chungbukensis as sphingobium chungbukense comb. nov. | three strains of sphingomonas paucimobilis, b90a, ut26 and sp+, isolated from different geographical locations, were found to degrade hexachlorocyclohexane. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that these strains do not fall in a clade that includes the type strain, sphingomonas paucimobilis atcc 29837(t), but form a coherent cluster with [sphingomonas] chungbukensis imsnu 11152(t) followed by sphingobium chlorophenolicum atcc 33790(t). the three strains showed low dn ... | 2005 | 16166696 |
| formation of catechols via removal of acid side chains from ibuprofen and related aromatic acids. | although ibuprofen [2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid] is one of the most widely consumed drugs in the world, little is known regarding its degradation by environmental bacteria. sphingomonas sp. strain ibu-2 was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant based on its ability to use ibuprofen as a sole carbon and energy source. a slight preference toward the r enantiomer was observed, though both ibuprofen enantiomers were metabolized. a yellow color, indicative of meta-cleavage, accumulated t ... | 2005 | 16204529 |
| expression of glycosylated haloalkane dehalogenase linb in pichia pastoris. | heterologous expression of the bacterial enzyme haloalkane dehalogenase linb from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26 in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris is reported. the haloalkane dehalogenase gene linb was subcloned into the ppiczalphaa vector and integrated into the genome of p. pastoris. the recombinant linb secreted from the yeast was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. the deglycosylation experiment and mass spectrometry measurements showed that the recombinant linb ex ... | 2006 | 16216524 |
| [metabolic pathway, genes, and enzymes for the degradation of chlorinated pesticide, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane]. | | 2005 | 16218450 |
| electrokinetic transport of pah-degrading bacteria in model aquifers and soil. | an investigation of the mobility, viability, and activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degrading bacteria in an electric field is presented. bench-scale model aquifers were used to test electrophoresis and electroosmosis as potential mechanisms for bacterial dispersion in contaminated sites. glass beads, alluvial sand from lake geneva, and historically polluted clayey soil were used as packing materials. the green-fluorescent protein labeled pah-degrading bacteria sphingomonas sp. l1 ... | 2004 | 15461168 |
| diversity of n-acyl homoserine lactone-producing and -degrading bacteria in soil and tobacco rhizosphere. | in gram-negative bacteria, quorum-sensing (qs) communication is mostly mediated by n-acyl homoserine lactones (n-ahsl). the diversity of bacterial populations that produce or inactivate the n-ahsl signal in soil and tobacco rhizosphere was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of amplified 16s dna and dna sequencing. such analysis indicated the occurrence of n-ahsl-producing strains among the alpha-, beta- and gamma-proteobacteria, including genera known to pro ... | 2005 | 16232294 |
| genetic analysis of phenoxyalkanoic acid degradation in sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh. | phenoxyalkanoic acid degradation is well studied in beta- and gammaproteobacteria, but the genetic background has not been elucidated so far in alphaproteobacteria. we report the isolation of several genes involved in dichlor- and mecoprop degradation from the alphaproteobacterium sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh and propose that the degradation proceeds analogously to that previously reported for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). two genes for alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, sd ... | 2004 | 15466552 |
| application of a floc-forming genetically engineered microorganism to a sequencing batch reactor for phenolic wastewater treatment. | for enhancing the survival of genetically engineered microorganisms (gems) in activated sludge processes, the use of a floc-forming bacterium as the host for a recombinant plasmid was proposed. the floc-forming and phenol-degrading gem sphingomonas paucimobilis 551 (ps10-45) was cultured to demonstrate this proposal. although the maximum growth rate of the host strain s. paucimobilis 551 was low and the recombinant plasmid ps10-45 was unstable in the host, the resultant gem s. paucimobilis 551 ( ... | 1999 | 16232579 |
| biodegradation of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene by sphingomonas paucimobilis strain tzs-7. | strain tzs-7, tentatively identified as sphingomonas paucimobilis, was isolated from crude oil for its ability to degrade dibenzothiophene (dbt) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-dmdbt). this strain did not utilize dbt or 4,6-dmdbt as the sole source of sulfur. however, the degradative activity was induced by various aromatic compounds, including dbt, fluorene, anthracene, naphthalene and toluene. three products formed from 4,6-dmdbt degradation were detected and two of these were proposed t ... | 1999 | 16232614 |
| characterization of sphingomonas aldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzing the conversion of various aromatic aldehydes to their carboxylic acids. | an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, designated phnn, was isolated from a genome library of the 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene-utilizing soil bacterium, sphingomonas sp. 14dn61. escherichia coli expressing the phnn gene converted 1,4-dihydroxymethylnaphthalene to 1-hydroxymethyl-4-naphthoic acid. the putative amino acid sequence of the phnn gene product had 31-42% identity with those of nad(+)-dependent short-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenases and a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. the nad(p)(+)-bindin ... | 2005 | 15812642 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of a periplasmic hydrolase for oxidized polyvinyl alcohol from sphingomonas sp. strain 113p3. | oxidized polyvinyl alcohol hydrolase (oph) and polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase were found to be constitutively present in the periplasm of sphingomonas sp. strain 113p3 (formerly pseudomonas sp. 113p3). the oph was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 40 % and a 5.9-fold increase in specific activity. the enzyme was a homodimer consisting of 35 kda subunits. its activity was inhibited by pmsf, hg(2+) and zn(2+). the enzyme hydrolysed oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (oxidized pva) and p-nitrophenyl ... | 2005 | 15817792 |
| [cloning, expression of the gene of dehydrochlorination of bhc from enrichment and its degradation experiment]. | a high effective enrichment that could degrade four isomers of bhc completely was got from the soil polluted by gamma-bhc, but the pure culture was not obtained yet. the 471 bp sequence of linn was amplified from the total dna of enrichment by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the linn gene had high homology with reported lina up to 99%. then the amplified fragment linn was cloned in the proper orientation into the site between nde i and hind iii of pe ... | 2005 | 15847161 |
| benzo[a]pyrene co-metabolism in the presence of plant root extracts and exudates: implications for phytoremediation. | benzo[a]pyrene, a high molecular weight (hmw) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) was removed from solution by sphingomonas yanoikuyae jar02 while growing on root products as a primary carbon and energy source. plant root extracts of osage orange (maclura pomifera), hybrid willow (salix albaxmatsudana), or kou (cordia subcordata), or plant root exudates of white mulberry (morus alba) supported 15-20% benzo[a]pyrene removal over 24 h that was similar to a succinate grown culture and an unfed ac ... | 2005 | 15862401 |
| biodegradation of bisphenol a by cells and cell lysate from sphingomonas sp. strain ao1. | the capacity and pathway of bisphenol a [bpa; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] degradation in sphingomonas sp. strain ao1, which was isolated from the soil of a vegetable-growing field in japan, were investigated. the bacterial strain was able to grow in a basal mineral salt medium containing bpa as the sole carbon source (bsmb medium), and was able to degrade 115 microg ml(-1) bpa in 6 h in l medium. several bpa metabolites were detected in the culture supernatant by hplc and then identified by ... | 2005 | 15865158 |
| bacterial community dynamics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation during bioremediation of heavily creosote-contaminated soil. | bacterial community dynamics and biodegradation processes were examined in a highly creosote-contaminated soil undergoing a range of laboratory-based bioremediation treatments. the dynamics of the eubacterial community, the number of heterotrophs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degraders, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph) and pah concentrations were monitored during the bioremediation process. tph and pahs were significantly degraded in all treatments (72 to 79% and 83 to 87%, ... | 2005 | 16269736 |
| microbial conversion of major ginsenoside rb(1) to pharmaceutically active minor ginsenoside rd. | more than seventy strains of aerobic bacteria showing beta-glucosidase activity were isolated from a ginseng field, using a newly designed esculin-r2a agar, and identified by their 16s rrna gene sequences. of these microorganisms, twelve strains could convert the major ginsenoside, rb(1), to the pharmaceutically active minor ginsenoside rd. three strains, burkholderia pyrrocinia gp16, bacillus megaterium gp27 and sphingomonas echinoides gp50, were phylogenetically studied, and observed to be mos ... | 2005 | 16273039 |
| [identification, cloning and sequencing of gst gene of bacterium degrading poly-aromatic hydrocarbons]. | a bacterium (designated strain zx4) able to degrade poly aromatic hydrocarbons was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. based on analysis of the 16s rdna sequence, whole cell fatty acid, and biolog-gn, the strain was identified as sphingomonas paucimobilis. the detection of gst (glutathione s-transferase) indicated that the gst from the strain had the activity of conjugating with cdnb and it maybe relate with degradation of pahs. the pcr product of gst gene from the strain confirmed its presence ... | 2003 | 16276887 |
| architecture of a nascent sphingomonas sp. biofilm under varied hydrodynamic conditions. | the architecture of a sphingomonas biofilm was studied during early phases of its formation, using strain l138, a gfp-tagged derivative of sphingomonas sp. strain lb126, as a model organism and flow cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy as experimental tools. spatial and temporal distribution of cells and exopolymer secretions (eps) within the biofilm, development of microcolonies under flow conditions representing varied reynolds numbers, and changes in diffusion length with reference to ... | 2005 | 15870359 |
| description of two novel species, sphingomonas abaci sp. nov. and sphingomonas panni sp. nov. | two gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains designated c42t and c52t were isolated in the medical clinic for small animals and ungulates at the university for veterinary medicine vienna, austria. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, both strains were shown to belong to the genus sphingomonas. strain c42t showed the greatest levels of sequence similarity with sphingomonas melonis dsm 14444t and sphingomonas aquatilis kctc 2881t (both 97.7 %). strain c52t showe ... | 2005 | 16280528 |