| cellular metabolic profiling of crfk cells infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus using phenotype microarrays. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). little is known about the biological pathways associated in fip pathogenesis. this is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to fip pathogenesis. | 2020 | 32466289 |
| in vivo antiviral effects of u18666a against type i feline infectious peritonitis virus. | background: the cationic amphiphilic drug u18666a inhibits the proliferation of type i fipv in vitro. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo antiviral effects of u18666a by administering it to spf cats challenged with type i fipv. methods: ten spf cats were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. fipv ku-2 were inoculated intraperitoneally to cats. the control group was administered pbs, and the u18666a-treated group was administered u18666a subcutaneously at 2.5 mg/kg on day 0, and 1.25 ... | 2020 | 31963705 |
| feline infectious peritonitis virus nsp5 inhibits type i interferon production by cleaving nemo at multiple sites. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip), caused by virulent feline coronavirus, is the leading infectious cause of death in cats. the type i interferon (type i ifn)-mediated immune responses provide host protection from infectious diseases. several coronaviruses have been reported to evolve diverse strategies to evade host ifn response. however, whether feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) antagonizes the type i ifn signaling remains unclear. in this study, we demonstrated that fipv strain df2 ... | 2019 | 31905881 |
| cryo-em analysis of a feline coronavirus spike protein reveals a unique structure and camouflaging glycans. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is an alphacoronavirus that causes a nearly 100% mortality rate without effective treatment. here we report a 3.3-å cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-em) structure of the serotype i fipv spike (s) protein, which is responsible for host recognition and viral entry. mass spectrometry provided site-specific compositions of densely distributed high-mannose and complex-type n-glycans that account for 1/4 of the total molecular mass; most of the n-glycans could b ... | 2020 | 31900356 |
| epidemiological investigation of feline infectious peritonitis in cats living in harbin, northeast china from 2017 to 2019 using a combination of an evagreen-based real-time rt-pcr and serum chemistry assays. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is caused by the fip virus (fipv), a highly virulent mutant form of feline coronavirus (fcov). this disease is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats, and it is associated with high mortality, particularly among younger cats. in this study, we isolated a wild-type fipv hrb-17 epidemic strain from the blood sample of household pet cat exhibiting the characteristic wet-form fip symptoms, which has been confirmed further by animal infection. furthe ... | 2020 | 31846702 |
| generating and evaluating type i interferon receptor-deficient and feline tmprss2-expressing cells for propagating serotype i feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline coronavirus infection can progress to a fatal infectious peritonitis, which is a widespread feline disease without an effective vaccine. generating feline cells with reduced ability to respond to interferon (ifn) is an essential step facilitating isolation of new candidate vaccine strains. here, we describe the use of crispr/cas technology to disrupt type i ifn signaling in two feline cell lines, ak-d and fcwf-4 cu, and evaluate the replication kinetics of a serotype i feline infectious p ... | 2019 | 31539770 |
| characterizing replication kinetics and plaque production of type i feline infectious peritonitis virus in three feline cell lines. | investigating type i feline coronaviruses (fcovs) in tissue culture is critical for understanding the basic virology, pathogenesis, and virus-host interactome of these important veterinary pathogens. this has been a perennial challenge as type i fcov strains do not easily adapt to cell culture. here we characterize replication kinetics and plaque formation of a model type i strain fipv black in fcwf-4 cells established at cornell university (fcwf-4 cu). we determined that maximum virus titers (> ... | 2018 | 30205273 |
| reverse genetics for type i feline coronavirus field isolate to study the molecular pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip), one of the most important lethal infections of cats, is caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), the high-virulence biotype of feline coronaviruses (fcovs). fipvs are suggested to emerge from feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs) by acquiring mutations in specific genes in the course of persistent infections. although numerous studies identified mutations predicted to be responsible for the fecv-fipv biotype switch, the presumed roles of specific ... | 2018 | 30065095 |
| development of sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline astrovirus. | in this study, a sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the clinical diagnosis of feline astroviruses (feastvs). specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of the feastv orf1b gene. experiments for specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the assay were carried out. in addition, the assay was evaluated using clinical samples. specificity analysis indicated that the assay showed negative results with samples ... | 2020 | 33157149 |
| subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a siberian cat. | a 7-month-old siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. serum biochemistry documented marked hyperglobulinaemia. mri of the brain identified marked leptomeningeal contrast enhancement extending along the brainstem caudally to involve the cranial cervical spinal cord. mri of the cervical spine further identified a subarachnoid diverticulum that extended fr ... | 2020 | 33149927 |
| rapid resolution of non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis uveitis with an oral adenosine nucleoside analogue and feline interferon omega. | this is the first report of a successful treatment of a non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip) uveitis case using an oral adenosine nucleoside analogue drug and feline interferon omega, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (agp) as an indicator of recovery. a 2-year-old male neutered norwegian forest cat presented with uveitis, keratic precipitates, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and weight loss. the cat was hypergammaglobulinaemic and had a non-regenerative anaemia. feline coronavirus (fcov) rna ... | 2020 | 33121021 |
| author correction: feline coronavirus drug inhibits the main protease of sars-cov-2 and blocks virus replication. | an amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. | 2020 | 33082353 |
| concordance between histology, immunohistochemistry, and rt-pcr in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. | histology, immunohistochemistry (ihc), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) have been used to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis (fip), but no information regarding the comparison of their diagnostic performances on the same organ is available. the aims of this study were to determine the concordance among these tests and to evaluate which combination of tests and organs can be used in vivo. histology, ihc, and nested rt-pcr (rt-npcr) for feline coronavirus (fcov) wer ... | 2020 | 33081040 |
| feline infectious peritonitis (fip) and coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19): are they similar? | sars-cov-2 has radically changed our lives causing hundreds of thousands of victims worldwide and influencing our lifestyle and habits. feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a disease of felids caused by the feline coronaviruses (fcov). fip has been considered irremediably deadly until the last few years. being one of the numerous coronaviruses that are well known in veterinary medicine, information on fcov could be of interest and might give suggestions on pathogenic aspects of sars-cov-2 that ... | 2020 | 32985113 |
| covid-19, companion animals, comparative medicine, and one health. | the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has stimulated open collaboration between different scientific and clinical disciplines like never before. public and private partnerships continue to form in order to tackle this unprecedented global challenge. this paper highlights the importance of open collaboration and cooperation between the disciplines of medicine, veterinary medicine, and animal health sciences in the fight against covid-19. since the pandemic took the whole world by surprise, many existing ... | 2020 | 32923472 |
| prevalence of feline coronavirus shedding in german catteries and associated risk factors. | the aim of this prospective study was to determine prevalence and potential risk factors of feline coronavirus (fcov) shedding. four consecutive fecal samples of 179 cats from 37 german breeding catteries were analyzed for fcov ribonucleic acid (rna) by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). prevalence of shedding was calculated using different numbers of fecal samples per cat (1-4) and different sampling intervals (5-28 days). information on potential risk factors ... | 2020 | 32911718 |
| evaluation of antiviral, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of the endophytic fungus curvularia papendorfii, and isolation of a new polyhydroxyacid. | an endophytic fungus isolated from vernonia amygdalina, a medicinal plant from sudan, was taxonomically characterized as curvularia papendorfii. ethyl acetate crude extract of c. papendorfii revealed an important antiviral effect against two viral pathogens, the human coronavirus hcov 229e and a norovirus surrogate, the feline coronavirus fcv f9. for the last one, 40% of the reduction of the virus-induced cytopathogenic effect at lower multiplicity of infection (moi) 0.0001 was observed. selecti ... | 2020 | 32899776 |
| feline coronavirus drug inhibits the main protease of sars-cov-2 and blocks virus replication. | the main protease, mpro (or 3clpro) in sars-cov-2 is a viable drug target because of its essential role in the cleavage of the virus polypeptide. feline infectious peritonitis, a fatal coronavirus infection in cats, was successfully treated previously with a prodrug gc376, a dipeptide-based protease inhibitor. here, we show the prodrug and its parent gc373, are effective inhibitors of the mpro from both sars-cov and sars-cov-2 with ic50 values in the nanomolar range. crystal structures of sars-c ... | 2020 | 32855413 |
| clinical efficacy of combination therapy of itraconazole and prednisolone for treating effusive feline infectious peritonitis. | a 3-month-old male scottish fold kitten with pleural fluid and low ratio of albumin to globulin (a/g ratio) was brought to our small animal hospital. since rna from the type i feline coronavirus (fcov) were detected in drained pleural fluid, the cat was tentatively diagnosed with effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip). following the administration of itraconazole and prednisolone, the a/g ratio increased, and the pleural fluid mostly disappeared. the fecal fcov levels temporarily decreased ... | 2020 | 32848107 |
| assay validation and determination of in vitro binding of mefloquine to plasma proteins from clinically normal and fip-affected cats. | the antimalarial agent mefloquine is currently being investigated for its potential to inhibit feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections. a simple, high pressure liquid chromatography assay was developed to detect mefloquine plasma concentrations in feline plasma. the assay's lower limit of quantification was 250 ng/ml. the mean ± standard deviation intra- and inter-day precision expressed as coefficients of variation were 6.83 ± 1.75 and 5.33 ± 1.37%, respectively, whereas intra- and ... | 2020 | 32756590 |
| meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in cats: a case series describing clinical and pathological findings. | meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (muo) is an umbrella term describing inflammatory changes of the central nervous system (cns) with suspected non-infectious etiology. diagnosis of muo mostly remains presumed in a clinical setting. histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of cns tissue represent additional tools for detection of inflammation and the exclusion of specific infectious agents. while muo is well-described in canine patients, only little is known about muo in cat ... | 2020 | 32671104 |
| evaluation of interferon-gamma polymorphisms as a risk factor in feline infectious peritonitis development in non-pedigree cats-a large cohort study. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a common infectious cause of death in cats, with heritable host factors associated with altered risk of disease. to assess the role of feline interferon-gamma gene (fifng) variants in this risk, the allele frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) (g.401 and g.408) were determined for non-pedigree cats either with confirmed fip (n = 59) or from the general population (cats enrolled in a large lifetime longitudinal study; n = 264). dna was ex ... | 2020 | 32635137 |
| protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses. | ferret and mink coronaviruses typically cause catarrhal diarrhea in ferrets and minks, respectively. in recent years, however, systemic fatal coronavirus infection has emerged in ferrets, which resembles feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in cats. fip is a highly fatal systemic disease caused by a virulent feline coronavirus infection in cats. despite the importance of coronavirus infections in these animals, there are no effective commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs available for these infe ... | 2018 | 30342822 |
| first identification of a single amino acid change in the spike protein region of feline coronavirus detected from a coronavirus-associated cutaneous nodule in a cat. | a 32-month-old spayed female singapura cat presented with a non-pruritic erythematous nodule on the upper lip. the cat also had multiple nodules in the liver but exhibited no other clinical signs consistent with classical feline infectious peritonitis (fip), such as pleural effusion or ascites, uveitis or neurological symptoms. histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the cutaneous nodule revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with intralesional macrophages laden with feline coronavir ... | 2020 | 30263143 |
| the effect of natural feline coronavirus infection on the host immune response: a whole-transcriptome analysis of the mesenteric lymph nodes in cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a coronavirus-induced disease of cats, in which the immune system is known to play a crucial, but complex, role in the pathogenesis. this role is still incompletely understood, with involvement of both host and viral factors. to evaluate differential gene expression and pathway involvement in feline coronavirus (fcov) infection and fip, we applied next-generation rna-sequencing of the mesenteric lymph nodes from cats with naturally-acquired fip, as well as ... | 2020 | 32610501 |
| feline infectious peritonitis: update on pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a mysterious and lethal disease of cats. the causative agent, feline coronavirus (fcov), is ubiquitous in most feline populations, yet the disease is sporadic in nature. mutations in the infecting virus combined with an inappropriate immune response to the fcov contribute to the development of fip. diagnosis can be challenging because signs may be vague, clinical pathology parameters are nonspecific, and the gold standard for diagnosis is invasive: histopat ... | 2020 | 32563530 |
| endocytic pathway of feline coronavirus for cell entry: differences in serotype-dependent viral entry pathway. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is a pathogen causing a lethal infectious disease in cats, feline infectious peritonitis. it has two serotypes (type i fcov and type ii fcov). according to our previous study, type i fcov infection is inhibited by compounds inducing intracellular cholesterol accumulation, whereas type ii fcov infection is not inhibited. intracellular cholesterol accumulation was reported to disrupt late endosome function. based on these findings, types i and ii fcov are considered to en ... | 2019 | 31888266 |
| feline infectious peritonitis as a systemic inflammatory disease: contribution of liver and heart to the pathogenesis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal immune-mediated disease of cats, induced by feline coronavirus (fcov). a combination of as yet poorly understood host and viral factors combine to cause a minority of fcov-infected cats to develop fip. clinicopathological features include fever, vasculitis, and serositis, with or without effusions; all of which indicate a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release. as a result, primary immune organs, as well as circulating leukocytes, have thus fa ... | 2019 | 31835559 |
| feline coronavirus with and without spike gene mutations detected by real-time rt-pcrs in cats with feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) emerges when feline coronaviruses (fcovs) mutate within their host to a highly virulent biotype and the immune response is not able to control the infection. fcov spike (s) gene mutations are considered to contribute to the change in virulence by enabling fcov infection of and replication in macrophages. this study investigated the presence of fcov with and without s gene mutations in cats with fip using two different real-time rt-pcrs on different samples obt ... | 2020 | 31729897 |
| feline coronavirus-associated myocarditis in a domestic longhair cat. | a 9-month-old entire male domestic longhair indoor cat presented with a 3-week history of fluctuating fever, weight loss and small intestine diarrhoea, which was unresponsive to antibiotics and supportive treatment. abdominal ultrasound revealed severe jejunal and ileocolic junction intestinal wall thickening with loss of layering. an enterectomy was performed and histopathology revealed severe pyogranulomatous enteritis with vasculitits, compatible with the diagnosis of feline infectious perito ... | 2020 | 31636915 |
| distinct mutation in the feline coronavirus spike protein cleavage activation site in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis-associated meningoencephalomyelitis. | this report describes a cat with chronic, progressive, non-painful, non-lateralizing multifocal neurologic clinical signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the cat initially presented as underweight, despite a good appetite, and a complete blood count showed non-regenerative anemia. three months later the cat was returned having developed ataxia and paraparesis, which then progressed over 2 months to tetraparesis, tail plegia, urinary and fecal incontinence, and titubation. hi ... | 2020 | 31534775 |
| identification of peptide domains involved in the subcellular localization of the feline coronavirus 3b protein. | feline coronavirus (fcov) has been identified as the aetiological agent of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a highly fatal systemic disease in cats. fcov open reading frame 3 (orf3) encodes accessory proteins 3a, 3b and 3 c. the fcov 3b accessory protein consists of 72 amino acid residues and localizes to nucleoli and mitochondria. the present work focused on peptide domains within fcov 3b that drive its intracellular trafficking. transfection of different cell types with fcov 3b fused to en ... | 2019 | 31483243 |
| establishment of a virulent full-length cdna clone for type i feline coronavirus strain c3663. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats and is caused by feline coronavirus (fcov). tissue culture-adapted type i fcov shows reduced fip induction in experimental infections, which complicates the understanding of fip pathogenesis caused by type i fcov. we previously found that the type i fcov strain c3663 efficiently induces fip in specific-pathogen-free cats through the naturally infectious route. in this study, we employed a bacterial artif ... | 2019 | 31375588 |
| evaluation of polymorphisms in inflammatory mediator and cellular adhesion genes as risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a high mortality infectious disease. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the genes encoding interferon gamma (ifng), tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfa) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin (dc-sign; cd209) have been associated with increased and decreased risk of developing fip. this study was designed to determine whether these associations were present in a uk population of pedigree cats using samples fr ... | 2020 | 31373532 |
| disease surveillance during the reintroduction of the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) in southwestern spain. | the restoration of iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) populations in extremadura (southwestern spain) have been carried out since 2014. one of the measures to ensure the success of this program is to examine the effects that diseases may have on reintroduction. since diseases may be greatly located at certain sites because of the specific ecological requirements of the pathogens and/or vectors, reintroduced individuals may present a risk of infection once released. to determine which pathogens the rei ... | 2021 | 33669869 |
| lesions associated with bartonella taylorii-like bacterium infection in a free-ranging, young-of-the-year raccoon from prince edward island, canada. | a young-of-the year, female raccoon was presented with clinical signs of weakness and tremors. the raccoon was euthanized, and autopsy findings included poor body condition, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and pale, firm kidneys with petechial hemorrhages throughout the renal cortex. histologic lesions included systemic fibrinoid vascular necrosis and severe renal lesions, including lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and fibrinosuppurative glomerulonephritis. inflammatory vascular lesions were al ... | 2021 | 33463406 |
| feline gut microbiota composition in association with feline coronavirus infection: a pilot study. | feline coronaviruses (fcov) colonize the intestinal tract, however, due to not fully understood mutations, they can spread systemically and cause feline infectious peritonitis (fip). recent studies on human medicine report that gut microbiota is involved in the development of systemic disorders and could influence the immune response to viral diseases. the aim of this study was to provide preliminary data on the fecal microbiota composition in healthy cats compared to fcov-infected cats, with an ... | 2019 | 31326703 |
| anthropogenic infection of cats during the 2020 covid-19 pandemic. | covid-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by a new coronavirus (cov), sars-cov-2, which is closely related to sars-cov that jumped the animal-human species barrier and caused a disease outbreak in 2003. sars-cov-2 is a betacoronavirus that was first described in 2019, unrelated to the commonly occurring feline coronavirus (fcov) that is an alphacoronavirus associated with feline infectious peritonitis (fip). sars-cov-2 is highly contagious and has spread globally within a few ... | 2021 | 33530620 |
| effect of cat litters on feline coronavirus infection of cell culture and cats. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is caused by infection with feline coronavirus (fcov). fcov is incredibly contagious and transmission is via the faecal-oral route. fcov infection, and therefore fip, is most common in breeder and rescue catteries, where many cats are kept indoors, using litter trays. whether it is possible to break the cycle of fcov infection and reinfection using cat litters has never been investigated. the aim of the study was to examine the effect of cat litters on fcov in ... | 2020 | 31094626 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the accessory and nucleocapsid genes of feline coronavirus strains isolated from cats diagnosed with effusive feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a lethal infectious disease of domestic cats caused by feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a mutant type of fcov that is characterized by causing fibrinous serositis with effusions in the pleural and abdominal cavities (wet form) and/or granulomatous-necrotizing inflammatory lesions in several organs (dry form). there have been numerous studies on fip worldwide, whereas information about this disease in thailan ... | 2021 | 34363535 |
| use of a pleural access port for the treatment of pyothorax in a cat. | pyothorax in cats is treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, and while thoracotomy and debridement are less commonly necessary, thoracostomy tubes are the treatment of choice when repeated drainage of the pleural cavity is needed. | 2021 | 34307085 |
| the population diversity of candidate genes for resistance/susceptibility to coronavirus infection in domestic cats: an inter-breed comparison. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is a complex pathogen causing feline infectious peritonitis (fip). host genetics represents a factor contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. differential susceptibility of various breeds to fip was reported with controversial results. the objective of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of different breeds on a panel of candidate genes potentially affecting fcov infection. one hundred thirteen cats of six breeds were genotyped on a panel of sixteen ... | 2021 | 34205589 |
| streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus finding in confirmed feline infectious peritonitis cat patient. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal immune-mediated disease in cat, caused by mutated feline coronavirus (fcov). due to its difficulties in diagnosis, fip is sometimes underdiagnosed. therefore, several laboratory procedures were performed to gain high index suspicion of fip. however, through several laboratory findings, not only fip but also sez infection was confirmed in this case. | 2021 | 34189311 |
| possible antiviral activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid in feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus) infection. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a life-threatening infectious disease of cats caused by virulent feline coronavirus (fip virus: fipv). for the treatment of fip, several effective antivirals were recently reported, but many of these are not available for practical use. 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ala) is a low-molecular-weight amino acid synthesized in plant and animal cells. 5-ala can be synthesized in a large amount, and it is widely applied in the medical and agricultural fields. we hypot ... | 2021 | 33644160 |
| the polybasic insert, the rbd of the sars-cov-2 spike protein, and the feline coronavirus - evolved or yet to evolve. | recent research on the sars-cov-2 pandemic has exploded around the furin-cleavable polybasic insert prrar↓s, found within the spike protein. the insert and the receptor-binding domain, (rbd), are vital clues in the sherlock holmes-like investigation into the origin of the virus and in its zoonotic crossover. based on comparative analysis of the whole genome and the sequence features of the insert and the rbd domain, the bat and the pangolin have been proposed as very likely intermediary hosts. i ... | 2021 | 33521335 |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) in nepal. | serum samples of 11 bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) from chitwan national park in nepal, collected between 2011-17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. this initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of nepal's free-ranging tiger population to these diseases. tiger serum samples collected opportunistically during encounters such as translocation, human conflict, and injur ... | 2021 | 33822151 |
| preliminary investigation on feline coronavirus presence in the reproductive tract of the tom cat as a potential route of viral transmission. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is an immune-mediated disease initiated by feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. to date, the only proven route of transmission is the faecal-oral route, but a possible localisation of fcov in the reproductive tract of tom cats is of concern, owing to the involvement of the male reproductive tract during fip and to the presence of reproduction disorders in fcov-endemic feline catteries. the aim of the study was to investigate the presence and localisation of fc ... | 2020 | 30900940 |
| antigens under cover-the preservation and demasking of selected antigens for successful poststaining immunocytochemistry of effusion, brain smears, and lymph node aspirates. | in clinical cytology, the applicability of an ancillary test such as immunocytochemistry is too often limited by low sample volume, poor cell representation, and sample preservation. diagnosticians often read romanowsky-stained cytology, although specific techniques such as immunocytochemistry are often essential for a definitive diagnosis. | 2019 | 30802342 |
| feline infectious peritonitis in a cat presented because of papular skin lesions. | a 19-week-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was examined because of multiple raised pruritic skin lesions along the dorsal head and back. histopathology of biopsies of the lesions detected nodular pyogranulomatous dermatitis with vasculitis and necrosis, leading to a suspicion of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). postmortem examination revealed gross lesions consistent with fip. histopathologic lesions and positive immunohistochemical staining for feline coronavirus in multiple tissues ... | 2019 | 30705455 |
| inflammatory mediators in the mesenteric lymph nodes, site of a possible intermediate phase in the immune response to feline coronavirus and the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis? | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is an almost invariably fatal feline coronavirus (fcov)-induced disease thought to arise from a combination of viral mutations and an overexuberant immune response. natural initial enteric fcov infection may remain subclinical, or result in mild enteric signs or the development of fip; cats may also carry the virus systemically with no adverse effect. this study screened mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), the presumed first site of fcov spread from the intestine r ... | 2019 | 30691609 |
| a fluorogenic peptide cleavage assay to screen for proteolytic activity: applications for coronavirus spike protein activation. | enveloped viruses such as coronaviruses or influenza virus require proteolytic cleavage of their fusion protein to be able to infect the host cell. often viruses exhibit cell and tissue tropism and are adapted to specific cell or tissue proteases. moreover, these viruses can introduce mutations or insertions into their genome during replication that may affect the cleavage, and thus can contribute to adaptations to a new host. here, we present a fluorogenic peptide cleavage assay that allows a r ... | 2019 | 30688313 |
| diagnosis of non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis by reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr from mesenteric lymph node fine-needle aspirates. | the aim of this study was to evaluate a feline coronavirus (fcov) reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) on fine-needle aspirates (fnas) from mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) collected in sterile saline for the purpose of diagnosing non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in cats. | 2019 | 30407137 |
| host gene expression of macrophages in response to feline coronavirus infection. | feline coronavirus is a highly contagious virus potentially resulting in feline infectious peritonitis (fip), while the pathogenesis of fip remains not well understood, particularly in the events leading to the disease. a predominant theory is that the pathogenic fipv arises from a mutation, so that it could replicate not only in enterocytes of the intestines but also in monocytes, subsequently systemically transporting the virus. the immune status and genetics of affected cats certainly play an ... | 2020 | 32526950 |
| pharmacokinetic profile of oral administration of mefloquine to clinically normal cats: a preliminary in-vivo study of a potential treatment for feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | the pharmacokinetic profile of mefloquine was investigated as a preliminary study towards a potential treatment for feline coronavirus infections (such as feline infectious peritonitis) or feline calicivirus infections. mefloquine was administered at 62.5 mg orally to seven clinically healthy cats twice weekly for four doses and mefloquine plasma concentrations over 336 h were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). the peak plasma concentration (cmax) after a single oral dose ... | 2020 | 32521771 |
| detection of feline coronavirus rna, spike gene mutations, and feline coronavirus antigen in macrophages in aqueous humor of cats in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. | uveitis is common in cats, and is often a feature of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). we evaluated 3 tools for detection of feline coronavirus (fcov) in aqueous humor: 1) a 7b gene reverse-transcription real-time pcr (7b-rt-rtpcr) assay to detect fcov rna, 2) a spike gene mutation rt-rtpcr (s-rt-rtpcr) assay to detect 2 point mutations in the spike gene of fcov in cats positive by 7b-rt-rtpcr, and 3) immunocytochemistry (icc) for detection of fcov antigen in aqueous humor macrophages. we stu ... | 2020 | 32517543 |
| artificial intelligence approach fighting covid-19 with repurposing drugs. | the ongoing covid-19 pandemic has caused more than 193,825 deaths during the past few months. a quick-to-be-identified cure for the disease will be a therapeutic medicine that has prior use experiences in patients in order to resolve the current pandemic situation before it could become worsening. artificial intelligence (ai) technology is hereby applied to identify the marketed drugs with potential for treating covid-19. | 2020 | 32426387 |
| oral mutian®x stopped faecal feline coronavirus shedding by naturally infected cats. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is common among cats living indoors in groups. in about 10% of infected cats, a potentially lethal disease, feline infectious peritonitis (fip) occurs. virus transmission is faecal-oral. mutian® xraphconn (mutian x) is a product marketed to treat cats with fip but is also being used to stop virus shedding, although no clear guidelines exist for its use for this purpose. the aim of this study was to establish the minimum dose and treatment duration required to ensure vir ... | 2020 | 32220667 |
| a tale of two viruses: the distinct spike glycoproteins of feline coronaviruses. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is a complex viral agent that causes a variety of clinical manifestations in cats, commonly known as feline infectious peritonitis (fip). it is recognized that fcov can occur in two different serotypes. however, differences in the s protein are much more than serological or antigenic variants, resulting in the effective presence of two distinct viruses. here, we review the distinct differences in the s proteins of these viruses, which are likely to translate into distin ... | 2020 | 31936749 |
| feline coronavirus antibody titer in cerebrospinal fluid from cats with neurological signs. | to investigate the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) anti-feline coronavirus (fcov) antibody test for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), the antibody titers were tested in csf and sera from 271 fip-suspected neurological cats. csf antibody was detected in 28 cats, which were divided into 2 groups; 15 with csf titer of 1:80 or lower and 13 with csf titer of 1:640 or higher. in the latter group, reciprocal serum titer/reciprocal csf titer was 8 or lower, which is extremely lower ... | 2018 | 29118313 |
| discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis. | intra-vitam diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a challenge for veterinary diagnosticians, since there are no highly specific and sensitive assays currently available. with the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive fip were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies and rna by means of indirect immunofluorescence (iif) assay and real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr), respectively. in 5 effusi ... | 2019 | 29113645 |
| limitations of using feline coronavirus spike protein gene mutations to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease of cats, and a sequela of systemic feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. mutations in the viral spike (s) gene have been associated with fcovs found in tissues from cats with fip, but not fcovs found in faeces from healthy cats, and are implicated in monocyte/macrophage tropism and systemic spread. this study was designed to determine whether s gene mutation analysis can reliably diagnose fip. cats were categorised as with fip (n = 57) or wit ... | 2017 | 28982390 |
| detection of feline coronavirus using microcantilever sensors. | this work demonstrated the feasibility of detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (sars-cov) using microcantilever technology by showing that the feline coronavirus (fip) type i virus can be detected by a microcantilever modified by feline coronavirus (fip) type i anti-viral antiserum. a microcantilever modified by fip type i anti-viral antiserum was developed for the detection of fip type i virus. when the fip type i virus positive sample is injected into the fluid ce ... | 2006 | 32288326 |
| cutaneous lesions associated with feline coronavirus, fip, and fiv. | | 2006 | 32288431 |
| viral prevalence in wild serval population is driven by season and sex. | one of the key factors influencing the population dynamics of threatened species such as felids is disease, but long-term studies of the factors influencing seroprevalence of wild felids are extremely rare, hindering conservation efforts. we set out to determine seroprevalence of six viral diseases (feline panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpes virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) among a population of serval (leptailurus serval) wi ... | 2021 | 34059963 |
| prevalence of enteropathogens in cats with and without diarrhea in four different management models for unowned cats in the southeast united states. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in cats with and without diarrhea in four different models for managing unowned cats: short-term animal shelter, long-term sanctuary, home-based foster care, and trap-neuter-return. fecal samples from 482 cats, approximately half of the cats with normal fecal consistency and half with diarrhea, were tested by zinc sulfate centrifugation and by real-time pcr for a panel of enteropathogens. at least one enteropathogen o ... | 2018 | 29871750 |
| detection of feline coronavirus in effusions of cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease in cats worldwide. the aim of this study was to test two commercially available reaction mixtures in a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay to detect feline coronavirus (fcov) in body cavity effusions of cats with and without fip, in order to minimize the time from sampling to obtaining results. rna was extracted from body cavity effusion samples of 71 cats, including 34 samples from cats with a defini ... | 2018 | 29540320 |
| comparison of the performance of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. | we compared the performance of clinicopathologic and molecular tests used in the antemortem diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). from 16 fip and 14 non-fip cats, we evaluated retrospectively the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (lrs) of serum protein electrophoresis, α1-acid glycoprotein (agp) on peripheral blood, screening reverse-transcription nested pcr (rt-npcr) on the 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr), and spike (s) gene sequencing on peripheral blood, body cavity ... | 2018 | 29429403 |
| diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis: update on evidence supporting available tests. | practical relevance: feline coronavirus (fcov) infection is very common in cats, usually causing only mild intestinal signs such as diarrhoea. up to 10% of fcov infections, however, result in the fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). clinical challenges: obtaining a definitive diagnosis of fip based on non-invasive approaches is difficult. confirmation of the disease relies on finding appropriate cytological or histopathological changes in association with positive immunostaining fo ... | 2018 | 29478397 |
| occurrence of antibodies against sars-cov-2 in the domestic cat population of germany. | domestic cats (felis catus) are popular companion animals that live in close contact with their human owners. therefore, the risk of a trans-species spreading event between domestic cats and humans is ever-present. shortly after the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its rapid spread around the world, the role of domestic cats in the transmission cycle was questioned. in the present study, the first large-scale survey of antibody occurrence in the d ... | 2020 | 33348613 |
| feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis in nondomestic felid species. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is reported worldwide and known to cause disease in domestic and nondomestic felid species. although fcov often results in mild to inapparent disease, a small subset of cats succumb to the fatal, systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). an outbreak of fip in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in a zoological collection demonstrated the devastating effect of fcov introduction into a naïve group of animals. in addition to cheetahs, fip has been described in european ... | 2021 | 33827157 |