| age and long-term protective immunity in dogs and cats. | vaccination can provide an immune response that is similar in duration to that following a natural infection. in general, adaptive immunity to viruses develops earliest and is highly effective. such anti-viral immune responses often result in the development of sterile immunity and the duration of immunity (doi) is often lifelong. in contrast, adaptive immunity to bacteria, fungi or parasites develops more slowly and the doi is generally short compared with most systemic viral infections. steril ... | 2010 | 19959181 |
| mmtv promoter-regulated caveolin-1 overexpression yields defective parenchymal epithelia in multiple exocrine organs of transgenic mice. | caveolin-1 (cav-1) is a major structural protein of caveolae, specialized plasma membrane invaginations that are involved in a cell-specific fashion in diverse cell activities such as molecular transport, cell adhesion, and signal transduction. in normal adult mammals, cav-1 expression is abundant in mesenchyme-derived cells but relatively low in epithelial parenchyma. however, epithelial cav-1 overexpression is associated with development and/or progression of many carcinomas. in this study, we ... | 2010 | 20399205 |
| intestinal volvulus with coagulative hepatic necrosis in a chicken. | a 7-week-old spf chicken inoculated at 4 weeks of age with chicken anemia virus was puffed up depressed and had ruffled feathers and a good body condition. intestinal volvulus involving the jejunum and part of the duodenum forming two loops with one knob was observed. microscopically, venous infarction of the obstructed loops, periportal and sublobular multifocal coagulative hepatic necrosis and granulomatous inflammation of the cecal tonsils were observed. gram staining revealed no bacteria in ... | 2010 | 19959885 |
| immune responses in pigs induced by recombinant canine adenovirus 2 expressing the glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | to develop a new type vaccine for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) prevention by using canine adenovirus 2(cav-2) as vector, the glycoprotein 5(gp5) gene from prrsv strain jl was amplified by rt-pcr, and the expression cassette of gp5 was constructed using the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter and the simian virus 40 (sv40) early mrna polyadenylation signal. the expression cassette of glycoprotein 5 was cloned into the cav-2 genome in which e3 region had been partly delet ... | 2010 | 20432066 |
| a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus. | a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv). a pair of primers (p1 and p4) specific for cdv corresponding to the highly conserved region of the cdv genome were used as a common primer pair in the first-round pcr of the nested pcr. primers p2 specific for cdv wild-type strains, were used as the forward primer together with the common reverse ... | 2010 | 20433759 |
| pathogenicity of chicken anaemia agent in bursectomised chickens. | bursectomised (bx) chickens, but not intact chickens, developed anaemia when inoculated with chicken anaemia agent (caa) at 2 weeks of age. no antibodies against caa were produced in the bx chickens and caa was persistently recovered from them. in contrast, caa disappeared from the intact chickens with the development of high titres of antibody. it was strongly suggested that the pathogenicity of caa was dependent on the production of humoral antibody against caa in infected chickens. histopatho ... | 1988 | 18766693 |
| an 8-year longitudinal survey for the presence of antibodies to chicken infectious anemia virus in two specific-pathogen-free strains of chickens. | cornell university maintains two genetic lines of specific-pathogen-free chickens in a filtered-air, positive-pressure house as a closed colony. offspring from each generation are maintained in the same house as the parents without clean-out between successive generations. the two lines have been persistently infected with chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) since the mid-1990s. all flocks were monitored from 1999 to 2008 for the presence of ciav antibodies two to four times over the 65-wk li ... | 2010 | 20408398 |
| an optimized polymerase chain reaction assay to identify avian virus vaccine contamination with chicken anemia virus. | the use of embryonating chicken eggs in preparation of avian virus vaccines is the principle cause for contamination with chicken anemia virus (cav). identification of cav in contaminated vaccines relies on the expensive, tedious, and time-consuming practice of virus isolation in lymphoblastoid cell lines. the experience of the last 2 decades indicates that polymerase chain reaction is extending to replace most of the classic methods for detection of infectious agents. in the present report, a s ... | 2011 | 21217025 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for rapid detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was developed. the method used a set of two pairs of primers to amplify the pol gene for detecting rev, showing high specificity and sensitivity. the rev lamp method did not cross-react with common avian dna viruses (marek's disease virus, chicken anaemia virus, avian leucosis virus of subgroup j). additionally, the assay could detect different rev strains and had a detection limit of ... | 2010 | 20435068 |
| construction and characterization of a recombinant canine adenovirus expressing gp5 and m proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is prrs virus (prrsv), which belongs to the family arteriviridae. gp5/m protein complex of prrsv binds to sialoadhesion expressed on the cells to infect the cells. in this study, we developed a canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) recombinant, termed rcav2-gp5/m, expressing gp5 and m proteins. to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant virus, mice were inoculated subcutaneously with rcav2-gp5/m, and specific antibodie ... | 2010 | 20467206 |
| vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, are recognized by several non-rgd-containing echoviruses in a continuous laboratory cell line and also in primary human langerhans' islets and endothelial cells. | previously published data suggest that the rgd-recognizing integrin, alphavbeta3, known as the vitronectin receptor, acts as a cellular receptor for rgd-containing enteroviruses, coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) and echovirus 9 (e-9), in several continuous cell lines as well as in primary human langerhans' islets. as this receptor is also capable of binding the ligands by a non-rgd-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, might act as receptors for other ec ... | 2010 | 19776235 |
| antitumor effects of a recombinant pseudotype baculovirus expressing apoptin in vitro and in vivo. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-derived, p53-independent, bcl-2-insenstive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in tumor or transformed cells, is a promising tool for cancer gene therapy. in this study, pseudotype baculovirus, a recently developed alternative gene delivery system, was used as a vector to express apoptin. the resultant recombinant baculovirus (bv-apoptin) efficiently expressed the apoptin protein and induced apoptosis in hepg2 and h22 cells. studies ... | 2010 | 19824041 |
| virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis. | to determine the frequency of viral detection in conjunctival samples from client-owned domestic dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and to identify signalment, historical, and clinical findings positively associated with viral detection. | 2009 | 19827980 |
| nuclear drug delivery to target tumour cells. | cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. although enticing, the concept of a chemotherapeutic treatment directed towards a single target that kills tumour cells, without any harmful side effects or death of neighbouring cells is probably naïve, due to the fact that tumour cells arise from normal cells and share many common biological features with them. various means to damage/destroy tumour cells preferentially have been developed, but as yet, none are truly selective. howev ... | 2009 | 19836384 |
| enhancement of tat cell membrane penetration efficiency by dimethyl sulphoxide. | cell penetrating peptides (cpps) are promising tools for transducing presynthesized therapeutic molecules which possess low membrane permeability. the poor efficiency of cellular uptake and unexpected cellular localization are still the main obstacles to the development of drug delivery by using cpps. in this study, we investigated the effect of a penetration enhancer, dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), on the penetrating efficiency of a synthetic tat peptide or the tat fusion protein. fitc-labeled tat a ... | 2010 | 20025914 |
| viral infection induces de novo lesions of coronary allograft vasculopathy through a natural killer cell-dependent pathway. | viral infections including those due to cytomegalovirus have been associated with accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy (cav) in clinical trials and some animal models. evidence demonstrating a direct causal relationship between such infections and de novo formation of coronary vascular lesions is lacking. heterotopic murine cardiac transplants were performed in a parental to f1 combination in animals lacking both t- and b-lymphocytes (rag(-/-)). coronary vasculopathy developed almost exclu ... | 2009 | 19843029 |
| the selection pressure analysis of chicken anemia virus structural protein gene vp1. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is the pathogen of chicken infectious anemia. to clarify the driving force in cav evolution, we have detected positive selection in the structural protein gene vp1 by using maximum-likelihood models. strong evidence was found that vp1 proteins were subject to the high rates of positive selection, and eight sites were identified to be under positive selection using the bayes empirical bayesian method. interestingly, four selected sites (amino acids 75, 125, 141, and 144 ... | 2009 | 19125320 |
| discovery of a genome of a distant relative of chicken anemia virus reveals a new member of the genus gyrovirus. | a 2.4-kb phi29 polymerase amplification product from serum of a diseased chicken was cloned and sequenced. the 2383-nucleotide sequence showed about 40% identity to a representative genome of chicken anemia virus (cav), the only member of the genus gyrovirus, family circoviridae. the new genome had an organization similar to that of cav: a putative 5' untranscribed region of about 400 nt followed by three partially overlapping open reading frames encoding vp1, vp2 and vp3 homologs. the amino aci ... | 2011 | 21442232 |
| hepatitis b virus requires intact caveolin-1 function for productive infection in heparg cells. | investigation of the entry pathways of hepatitis b virus (hbv), a member of the family hepadnaviridae, has been hampered by the lack of versatile in vitro infectivity models. most concepts of hepadnaviral infection come from the more robust duck hbv system; however, whether the two viruses use the same mechanisms to invade target cells is still a matter of controversy. in this study, we investigate the role of an important plasma membrane component, caveolin-1 (cav-1), in hbv infection. caveolin ... | 2010 | 19846513 |
| caveolin-1 influences human influenza a virus (h1n1) multiplication in cell culture. | the threat of recurring influenza pandemics caused by new viral strains and the occurrence of escape mutants necessitate the search for potent therapeutic targets. the dependence of viruses on cellular factors provides a weak-spot in the viral multiplication strategy and a means to interfere with viral multiplication. | 2010 | 20504340 |
| cardiomyocyte-targeted hif-1alpha gene therapy inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in the rat. | hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (hif-1), a key transcription factor in hypoxia, affects a wide range of adaptive cell functions. we examined the kinetics of endogenous hif-1alpha during acute and chronic rejection, and the effect of exogenous hif-1alpha in chronically rejecting rat cardiac allografts. | 2010 | 20580263 |
| hiv infection upregulates caveolin 1 expression to restrict virus production. | caveolin 1 (cav-1) is a major protein of a specific membrane lipid raft known as caveolae. cav-1 interacts with the gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope, but the role of cav-1 in hiv replication and pathogenesis is not known. in this report, we demonstrate that hiv infection in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms), thp-1 macrophages, and u87-cd4 cells results in a dramatic upregulation of cav-1 expression mediated by hiv tat. the activity of p53 is essential for t ... | 2010 | 20610713 |
| a role for caveolin 1 in assembly and budding of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5. | caveolin 1 (cav-1) is an integral membrane protein that forms the coat structure of plasma membrane caveolae and regulates caveola-dependent functions. caveolae are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and are related to lipid rafts. many studies implicate rafts as sites of assembly and budding of enveloped virus. we show that cav-1 colocalizes with the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 (piv-5) nucleocapsid (np), matrix (m), and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins. moreover, electro ... | 2010 | 20631121 |
| comparative susceptibility of some avian and mammalian lymphoblastoid cell lines to chicken anemia virus. | although msb1 is the most-commonly used lymphoblastoid cell line for isolation of chicken anemia virus (cav), some researchers have reported a few biological drawbacks. none of them were supported by the results of the present study. another four avian (hp1, hp2, bk3 and cu10) and two mammalian (btl-26 and ko-1) cell lines were investigated for susceptibility to the tk-5803 and ah-9409 strains. both strains caused cpe on bk3 like msb1. the mean number of positive cells for each strain in msb1 an ... | 2010 | 20683176 |
| chicken infectious anaemia vaccinal strain persists in the spleen and thymus of young chicks and induces thymic lymphoid cell disorders. | the chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) infection may induce immunosuppression and persistent infection. the use of vaccination in young chicks is still controversial due to its low immune efficiency. in order to verify the viral persistency of a vaccinal strain of ciav and its associated-lymphoid cell disorders, 54 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were vaccinated (ciav-vac(®); intervet, millsboro, delaware, usa) and haematologic examination, expression of viral vp3 gene, humoral resp ... | 2011 | 21812717 |
| high yield expression in a recombinant e. coli of a codon optimized chicken anemia virus capsid protein vp1 useful for vaccine development. | abstract: background: chicken anemia virus (cav), the causative agent chicken anemia, is the only member of the genus gyrovirus of the circoviridae family. cav is an immune suppressive virus and causes anemia, lymph organ atrophy and immunodeficiency. the production and biochemical characterization of vp1 protein and its use in a subunit vaccine or as part of a diagnostic kit would be useful to cav infection prevention. results: significantly increased expression of the recombinant full-length v ... | 2011 | 21781331 |
| crucial roles for protein kinase c isoforms in tumor-specific killing by apoptin. | the chicken anemia virus-derived protein apoptin induces apoptosis in a variety of human malignant and transformed cells but not in normal cells. however, the mechanisms through which apoptin achieves its selective killing effects are not well understood. we developed a lentiviral vector encoding a green fluorescent protein-apoptin fusion gene (lv-gfp-ap) that can efficiently deliver apoptin into hematopoietic cells. apoptin selectively killed the human multiple myeloma cell lines mm1.r and mm1. ... | 2010 | 20719884 |
| oxidative stress in cancer associated fibroblasts drives tumor-stroma co-evolution: a new paradigm for understanding tumor metabolism, the field effect and genomic instability in cancer cells. | loss of stromal fibroblast caveolin-1 (cav-1) is a powerful single independent predictor of poor prognosis in human breast cancer patients, and is associated with early tumor recurrence, lymph node metastasis and tamoxifen-resistance. we developed a novel co-culture system to understand the mechanism(s) by which a loss of stromal fibroblast cav-1 induces a "lethal tumor micro-environment." here, we propose a new paradigm to explain the powerful prognostic value of stromal cav-1. in this model, c ... | 2010 | 20814239 |
| role of inducible nitric oxide synthase on the development of virus-associated asthma exacerbation which is dependent on th1 and th17 cell responses. | asthma is characterized by airway inflammation induced by immune dysfunction to inhaled antigens. although respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of asthma exacerbation, immunologic mechanisms underlying virus-associated asthma exacerbation are controversial. clinical evidence indicates that nitric oxide (no) levels in exhaled air are increased in exacerbated asthma patients compared to stable patients. here, we evaluated the immunologic mechanisms and the role of no synthases (n ... | 2010 | 20841959 |
| effects of blood sample mishandling on elisa results for infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and chicken anaemia virus. | this study determined the effect of sample mishandling on the performance of elisas for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) and chicken anaemia virus (cav) in the serum of chickens. the effects of five different sample mishandling treatments were assessed: heat treatment, repetitive freezing and thawing and three levels of severity of haemolysis. these mishandling treatments simulated different conditions that might occur during ... | 2011 | 22015139 |
| molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia viruses detected from breeder and broiler chickens in south korea. | in south korea, 32 sequences of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) from various flocks of breeder and commercial chickens were genetically characterized for the first time. phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 gene, including a hypervariable region of the ciav genome, indicated that korean ciav strains were separated into groups ii, iiia, and iiib. strains were commonly identified in great-grandparent and grandparent breeder farms as well as commercial chicken farms. in the field, ci ... | 2010 | 20952706 |
| immunization schedule of the spanish association of pediatrics: 2012 recommendations. | the advisory committee on vaccines of the spanish association of pediatrics (cav-aep) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. the present schedule includes grades of recommendation. we have graded as routine vaccinations those that the cav-aep believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be gi ... | 2011 | 22177960 |
| a novel human derived cell-penetrating peptide in drug delivery. | cell-penetrating peptides can carry a variety of biologically active molecules into cells. here we have identified a novel cpp derived from the c-terminus of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (hc-sod3) which was shown to be located throughout in the cytoplasm and nucleus by fluorescence microscopy investigation. furthermore, when apoptin fused to hc-sod3, it was translocated efficiently into hela cells resulting in antitumor activities. this study shows that hc-sod3 has the potential to p ... | 2010 | 21080077 |
| analysis of chicken anemia virus genome: evidence of intersubtype recombination. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia. cav putative intergenotypic recombinants have been reported previously. this fact is based on the previous classification of cav sequences into three genotypes. however, it is unknown whether intersubtype recombination occurs between the recently reported four cav genotypes and five subtypes of genome sequences. | 2011 | 22073985 |
| development of a dna vaccine against chicken anemia virus by using a bicistronic vector expressing vp1 and vp2 proteins of cav. | in the present study, we describe the development of a dna vaccine against chicken anemia virus. the vp1 and vp2 genes of cav were amplified and cloned into pbudce4.1 to construct two dna vaccines, namely, pbudvp1 and pbudvp2-vp1. in vitro and in vivo studies showed that co-expression of vp1 with vp2 are required to induce significant levels of antibody against cav. subsequently, the vaccines were tested in 2-week-old spf chickens. chickens immunized with the dna-plasmid pbudvp2-vp1 showed posit ... | 2010 | 21146874 |
| an endocytic carriage tale: adenoviruses internalization and trafficking in neurons. | in immune-competent hosts, adenoviruses (ads) are mild pathogens that cause mainly infections of the respiratory and ocular tracks. the advent of ad-based gene transfer vectors made the understanding of their interaction with the host cellular machinery an intensive field of research over the last decade. as studies focused primarily on epithelial-like cells, the mechanism of neuronal uptake of ads was still missing. using a combination of biochemical and cell biology approaches, we characterize ... | 2010 | 21178440 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus as a live vehicle for oral immunization against chicken anemia virus. | the acma binding domains of lactococcus lactis were used to display the vp1 protein of chicken anemia virus (cav) on lactobacillus acidophilus. one and two repeats of the cell wall binding domain of acma gene were amplified from l. lactis mg1363 genome and then inserted into co-expression vector, pbudce4.1. the vp1 gene of cav was then fused to the acma sequences and the vp2 gene was cloned into the second mcs of the same vector before transformation into escherichia coli. the expressed recombin ... | 2010 | 21181148 |
| ptd4-apoptin protein and dacarbazine show a synergistic antitumor effect on b16-f1 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. | ptd4-apoptin protein enters cells and harbors tumor-selective cell death activity. dacarbazine is the mainstay of treatment for malignant melanoma. in this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ptd4-apoptin protein and/or dacarbazine in mouse b16-f1 and human a875 and sk-mel-5 melanoma cells in vitro and by means of a mouse b16-f1 melanoma model in vivo. ptd4-apoptin protein inhibits the growth of b16-f1, a875 and sk-mel-5 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, but not in normal hum ... | 2010 | 21184754 |
| gene expression signatures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the early post-transplant period in patients developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy. | background. cardiac allograft vasculopathy (cav) is a major cause of graft loss and death after heart transplantation. currently, no diagnostic methods are available during the early post-transplant period to accurately identify patients at risk of cav. we hypothesized that pbmc gene expression profiles (gep) can identify patients at risk of cav. methods. we retrospectively analyzed a limited set of whole-genome pbmc microarrays from 10 post-transplant patients who did (n = 3) or did not (n = 7) ... | 2010 | 21234308 |
| mortality of one-week-old chickens during naturally occurring marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is a disease of chickens that occurs worldwide and has serious economic consequences. md can present as one of several forms, with the most commonly occurring forms being the lymphoproliferative diseases. under experimental conditions, an early mortality syndrome has been recognized following infection by some but not all strains of md virus (mdv). this is the first report of a confirmed case of mortality due to naturally occurring mdv infection in 1-week-old, nonvaccinated, ... | 2011 | 21239693 |
| tumor-targeted delivery of tat-apoptin fusion gene using escherichia coli nissle 1917 to colorectal cancer. | in view of the high incidence and mortality of the colorectal cancer, the limited efficacy and serious adverse effect of the conventional treatment, a novel alternative treatment needs to be developed. recent studies have demonstrated that the targeted therapy as an alternative treatment showed a promising prospect. we hypothesized that construct a recombination non-pathogenic escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn), inserting a fusion gene tat-apoptin into this probiotic vector, as a targeted therap ... | 2011 | 21256681 |
| production and diagnostic application of a purified, e. coli-expressed, serological-specific chicken anaemia virus antigen vp3. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of chicken anaemia virus vp3 protein in different escherichia coli strains and to address the diagnostic application of purified e. coli-expressed vp3 protein for the detection of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection and the development of an elisa kit. three e. coli strains, bl21, bl21 codonplus rp and bl21 plyss, each harbouring a vp3 protein expressing plasmid, were investigated after induction to produce recombinant vp3 protein. after iso ... | 2011 | 21276209 |
| chicken anemia virus: an understanding of the in-vitro host response over time. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an economically important virus affecting the chicken meat and egg industry. cav is characterized by anemia, lymphoid depletion, and immunosuppression. microarrays were used to investigate the response of mdcc-msb1?cells (msb1) to infection with cav at 24 and 48?h post-infection (hpi). the major genes responding to cav infection include genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and antiviral activity. several cytokines were differentially regulated at either 24 or ... | 2011 | 21319974 |
| antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2, canine distemper virus, and canine adenovirus type-1 in adult household dogs. | serum antibody titers for canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type-1 (cav-1) were investigated in 1031 healthy adult household dogs (2 to 18 years old) given an annual inoculation in the previous 11 to 13 months. the number of dogs retaining significant titers of antibodies against cpv-2, cdv, and cav-1 were 888 (86%), 744 (72%), and 732 (71%), respectively. there were no differences between males and females in antibody titers against the 3 virus ... | 2011 | 22379198 |
| apoptin gene transfer via modified wheat histone h4 facilitates apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells. | nonviral approaches have been used extensively for intracellular gene transfer and gene therapy. a modified wheat histone h4 protein, h4tl (h4-tat-lhrh), as a protein-based gene delivery vector that was able to form stable complexes with plasmid dna and increase gene delivery efficiency has been described previously. in this study, h4tl has been used to deliver apoptin gene into a human ovarian carcinoma cell line ho8910. after transfection, increased expression of apoptin at both mrna and prote ... | 2011 | 21355783 |
| herpes simplex virus 1 suppresses the function of lung dendritic cells via caveolin-1. | caveolin-1 (cav-1), the principal structural protein of caveolae, has been implicated as a regulator of virus-host interactions. several viruses exploit caveolae to facilitate viral infections. however, the roles of cav-1 in herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection have not fully been elucidated. here, we report that cav-1 downregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and the production of nitric oxide (no) in dendritic cells (dcs) during hsv-1 infection. as a result, ca ... | 2015 | 26018534 |
| inhibition of cav3.2 t-type calcium channels by its intracellular i-ii loop. | voltage-dependent calcium channels (cav) of the t-type family (cav3.1, cav3.2, and cav3.3) are activated by low threshold membrane depolarization and contribute greatly to neuronal network excitability. enhanced t-type channel activity, especially cav3.2, contributes to disease states, including absence epilepsy. interestingly, the intracellular loop connecting domains i and ii (i-ii loop) of cav3.2 channels is implicated in the control of both surface expression and channel gating, indicating t ... | 2015 | 25931121 |
| improving the potency of dna vaccine against chicken anemia virus (cav) by fusing vp1 protein of cav to marek's disease virus (mdv) type-1 vp22 protein. | studies have shown that the vp22 gene of marek's disease virus type-1 (mdv-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. the ability to facilitate the spreading of the linked proteins was used to improve the potency of the constructed dna vaccines against chicken anemia virus (cav). | 2011 | 21401953 |
| prevalence of chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) in commercial poultry flocks of northern india: a serological survey. | globally, the chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) has gained much importance as an immunosuppressive and economically important emerging pathogen of poultry. in recent years, the virus has been detected and isolated from poultry flocks of india. the present study reports the first sero-epidemiological investigation of the presence of ciav infection in poultry flocks of the country. a total of 404 serum samples were collected from chicken flocks of eleven poultry farms, which contain a total ... | 2011 | 21414182 |
| caveolin 1 inhibits hiv replication by transcriptional repression mediated through nf-?b. | caveolin 1 (cav-1), the scaffold protein of a specific membrane lipid raft called caveolae, has been reported to suppress hiv-1 replication. however, the mechanism by which cav-1 inhibits hiv replication remains unclear. in this study, we investigated the mechanism by which cav-1 inhibits hiv replication at the level of gene expression. our results show that cav-1 represses viral gene expression and that this suppression involves the nf-?b pathway. we used several approaches in different cell ty ... | 2011 | 21430048 |
| simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2014 | 25025815 |
| application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) in chickens. in this study, clinical cases of ibh from australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of fadvs. | 2011 | 21495991 |
| immune complex vaccines for chicken infectious anemia virus. | infection of maternal, antibody-negative chickens with chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) can cause clinical disease, while infection after maternal antibodies wane often results in subclinical infection and immunosuppression. currently, vaccines are not available for vaccination in ovo or in newly hatched chickens. development of ciav vaccines for in ovo use depends on the ability to generate vaccines that do not cause lesions in newly hatched chicks and that can induce an immune response r ... | 2011 | 21500642 |
| a critical role of heat shock cognate protein 70 in apoptin-induced phosphorylation of akt. | apoptin, a protein from chicken anemia virus, selectively induces apoptosis of transformed or tumor cells, but not in normal cells. however, the mechanism of action of apoptin is still not well understood. using yeast two-hybrid and immunoprecipitation approaches, we found that apoptin interacted with heat shock cognate protein 70 (hsc70). in vivo, apoptin induced the translocation of endogenous hsc70 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and both were co-localized in the nucleus. in addition, apop ... | 2011 | 21565169 |
| detection of respiratory viruses and bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs with acute respiratory tract infections. | canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) is an acute, highly contagious disease complex caused by a variety of infectious agents. at present, the role of viral and bacterial components as primary or secondary pathogens in cird is not fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine influenza virus (civ), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine herpes virus-1 (chv-1), canine distempe ... | 2014 | 24980809 |
| identification of the first human gyrovirus, a virus related to chicken anemia virus. | we have identified in a skin swab sample from a healthy donor a new virus that we have named human gyrovirus (hgyv), because of its similarity with the chicken anemia virus (cav), the only previously known member of the gyrovirus genus. in particular, this virus encodes an homolog of the cav apoptin, a protein that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. by pcr screening, hgyv was found in 5 of 115 other non-lesional skin specimens, but in none of 92 bronchoalveolar lavages or nasopharyng ... | 2011 | 21632766 |
| prevalence of antibodies for selected canine pathogens among wolves (canis lupus) from the alaska peninsula, usa. | we collected blood samples from wolves ( canis lupus ) on the alaska peninsula, southwest alaska, us, 2006-11 and tested sera for antibodies to canine adenovirus (cav), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine herpesvirus (chv), canine parainfluenza (cpi), canine parvovirus (cpv), neospora caninum , and toxoplasma gondii . detected antibody prevalence was 90% for cav, 28% for ccv, 12% for cdv, 93% for chv, 0% for cpi, 20% for cpv, 0% for n. caninum, and 86% for t. gondii . ... | 2016 | 27195683 |
| long-term maintenance therapy for post-cardiac transplant monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorder: caveat mammalian target of rapamycin. | a 53-year-old caucasian male suffering from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac transplantation. fifty-seven days following transplant, he developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld), which was epstein-barr virus positive. the initial episode of ptld was treated with a dose reduction in cyclosporine (csa) and a 4-week course of rituximab. subsequent biopsies showed resolution of ptld. one year posttreatment, his evaluation revealed severe cardiac allograft vascul ... | 2011 | 21693296 |
| antiviral activity of a bacillus sp. p34 peptide against pathogenic viruses of domestic animals. | p34 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by a bacillus sp. strain isolated from the intestinal contents of a fish in the brazilian amazon basin with reported antibacterial activity. the aim of this work was to evaluate the peptide p34 for its in vitro antiviral properties against canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine coronavirus (ccov), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), equine arteritis virus (eav), equine influenza virus (eiv), feline calicivirus (fcv) and felin ... | 2014 | 25477947 |
| the enigmatic genome of chara australis virus. | most of the genomic sequence of chara australis virus (cav), previously called chara corallina virus, has been determined. it is a single-stranded rna molecule of 9065 nucleotides with at least four orfs. at its 5' end is an orf encoding a protein of 227 kd, distantly homologous to the multifunctional replicases of benyviruses. next is an orf encoding a protein of 44 kd, homologous to the helicases of pestiviruses and rubiviruses. the third orf encodes an unmatched protein of 38 kd, that is prob ... | 2011 | 21733884 |
| gallus heat shock cognate protein 70, a novel binding partner of apoptin. | chicken anemia virus (cav) infection of newly hatched chickens induces generalized lymphoid atrophy and causes immunosuppressive. vp3, also known as apoptin, is non-structural protein of cav. apoptin specifically induces apoptosis in transformed or tumor cells but not in normal cells. in particular, there are no known cellular homologues of apoptin hindering genetic approaches to elucidate its cellular function. although a number of apoptin-interacting molecules have been identified, the molecul ... | 2011 | 21707973 |
| variants of the recently discovered avian gyrovirus 2 are detected in southern brazil and the netherlands. | a genome of a virus preliminarily named avian gyrovirus 2 (agv2), a close relative to chicken anemia virus, was recently discovered in a chicken in the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil. to study the occurrence of agv2 in rio grande do sul and the neighboring state santa catarina, a number of adult chickens (n=108 and n=48, respectively) were tested for the presence of agv2 dna. an agv2-specific pcr was developed, optimized and used to analyze dna extracted from clinical samples. agv2 ... | 2011 | 22018524 |
| apoptin enhances the oncolytic properties of newcastle disease virus. | objective: naturally occurring strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) have demonstrated the potential to kill cancer cells in both preclinical and clinical studies. previous studies showed that apoptin, the vp3 protein of chicken infectious anemia virus, is a p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in transformed cells. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that apoptin enhances ndv-mediated tumor cell death. methods: reverse gen ... | 2011 | 21865658 |
| rapid detection of marek's disease viral genome in chicken feathers by loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the rapid detection of serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) was developed. the method used a set of three pairs of primers to amplify the meq gene for detecting serotype 1 mdv. the mdv lamp method did not cross-react with serotype 2 and serotype 3, nor did the lamp primers have binding sites for the common avian dna viruses (reticuloendotheliosis virus, chicken anemia virus, subgroup j of the avian leucosis virus). additionally, the as ... | 2011 | 22170920 |
| Duplex PCR assay for the detection of avian adeno virus and chicken anemia virus prevalent in Pakistan. | Avian Adeno viruses and Chicken Anemia Viruses cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry of Pakistan each year. Timely and efficient diagnosis of the viruses is needed in order to practice prevention and control strategies. In the first part of this study, we investigated broilers, breeder and Layer stocks for morbidity and mortality rates due to AAV and CAV infections and any co-infections by examining signs and symptoms typical of their infestation or post mortem examination. In th ... | 2011 | 21923956 |
| duration of serological response to canine parvovirus-type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 and canine parainfluenza virus in client-owned dogs in australia. | to determine whether client-owned dogs in australia, last vaccinated with canvac(®) vaccines containing canine parvovirus-type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) ± canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) at least 18 months ago, were seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination. | 2012 | 23186088 |
| in vitro activities of candidate microbicides against cell-associated hiv. | most research on hiv transmission and microbicides focuses on the inhibition of cell-free virus (cfv) present in genital secretions. however, an effective microbicide should also block the transmission of cell-associated virus (cav) originating from seminal t cells and macrophages. because inhibition of cav remains controversial, especially for viral entry inhibitors, we developed a novel in vitro assay to evaluate the activities of different classes of candidate microbicides against cell-free h ... | 2011 | 22083472 |
| Development and application of an in vitro apoptin kinase assay. | Apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus (CAV), induces apoptosis selectively in human tumor cells as compared with normal cells. This activity depends on phosphorylation and relocation of apoptin to the nucleus of cancer cells. Here, we describe an in vitro kinase assay that allows the biochemical characterization of apoptin kinase activity in tumor cells. The kinase phosphorylates apoptin in a strictly ATP-dependent fashion and in a broad salt range. The kinase activity is present ... | 2011 | 22080040 |
| an update on canine adenovirus type 2 and its vectors. | adenovirus vectors have significant potential for long- or short-term gene transfer. preclinical and clinical studies using human derived adenoviruses (had) have demonstrated the feasibility of flexible hybrid vector designs, robust expression and induction of protective immunity. however, clinical use of had vectors can, under some conditions, be limited by pre-existing vector immunity. pre-existing humoral and cellular anti-capsid immunity limits the efficacy and duration of transgene expressi ... | 2010 | 21994722 |
| [immunization schedule of the spanish association of pediatrics: 2012 recommendations]. | the advisory committee on vaccines of the spanish association of pediatrics (cav-aep) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficency of vaccines. the present schedule includes grades of recommendation. we have graded as routine vaccinations those that the cav-aep believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be giv ... | 2011 | 22177424 |
| dna damage response signaling triggers nuclear localization of the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin. | the chicken anemia virus (cav) protein apoptin is a small, 13.6-kda protein that has the intriguing activity of inducing g(2)/m arrest and apoptosis specifically in cancer cells by a mechanism that is independent of p53. the activity of apoptin is regulated at the level of localization. whereas apoptin is cytoplasmic in primary cells and does not affect cell growth, in transformed cells it localizes to the nucleus, where it induces apoptosis. the properties of cancer cells that are responsible f ... | 2011 | 21937663 |
| mechanisms of apoptin-induced cell death. | apoptin, a 13.6-kd protein encoded by chicken anemia virus, is paid more and more attention, since it selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells while abolishes cytotoxic effect in normal cells. in addition, apoptin shows different localization in tumor cells and normal cells: it predominantly accumulates in nucleus of tumor cells, whereas in normal cells, it is detected mainly in cytoplasm. there are various mechanisms implicated in the program of apoptin-mediated cell death. up to now, the i ... | 2011 | 22105148 |
| caveolin-1 orchestrates tcr synaptic polarity, signal specificity, and function in cd8 t cells. | tcr engagement triggers the polarized recruitment of membrane, actin, and transducer assemblies within the t cell-apc contact that amplify and specify signaling cascades and t effector activity. we report that caveolin-1, a scaffold that regulates polarity and signaling in nonlymphoid cells, is required for optimal tcr-induced actin polymerization, synaptic membrane raft polarity, and function in cd8, but not cd4, t cells. in cd8(+) t cells, caveolin-1 ablation selectively impaired tcr-induced n ... | 2011 | 21849673 |
| inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus in broiler chickens in japan, 2009-2010. | from january 2009 to june 2010, many broiler chicks suddenly died without clinical signs. the mortality rates were from 1.2% to 17.0% in affected flocks. inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) was detected in 13 prefectures (northern, eastern, western, and southern areas) in japan. the livers were enlarged and pale. the bursa of fabricius and thymus had not atrophied. multifocal necroses of hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the liver. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bo ... | 2011 | 22313000 |
| caveolin-1 in lipid rafts interacts with dengue virus ns3 during polyprotein processing and replication in hmec-1 cells. | lipid rafts are ordered microdomains within cellular membranes that are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids. caveolin (cav-1) and flotillin (flt-1) are markers of lipid rafts, which serve as an organizing center for biological phenomena and cellular signaling. lipid rafts involvement in dengue virus (denv) processing, replication, and assembly remains poorly characterized. here, we investigated the role of lipid rafts after denv endocytosis in human microvascular endothelial cells (hmec-1). th ... | 2014 | 24643062 |
| flock prevalence of exposure to avian adeno-associated virus, chicken anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus among ontario broiler chicken flocks. | samples from 231 randomly selected commercial broiler chicken flocks in ontario were tested at slaughter for exposure to chicken anemia virus (cav), fowl adenovirus (fadv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). fifteen blood samples per flock were collected and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against cav, fadv, and ibdv by elisa or agar gel immunodiffusion test. fifteen cecal tonsils and cloacal swabs per flock were analyzed for the presence of cav, fadv, and ibdv by pcr. the preva ... | 2014 | 24758116 |
| molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in commercial farms in china. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia (cia). a high prevalence of cav has been reported in china. however, vp1 sequences of chinese isolates show no clear genotype clustering or correlation with geographic origin. therefore, the present study aimed to detect and characterize cav isolates from china based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the vp1, vp2 and vp3 genes. | 2011 | 21447189 |
| apoptin sensitizes radiation-induced cell death via classic mitochondrial, caspase and p53-dependent signaling in hepg2 cells. | resistance or insensitivity to radiation therapy is one of the hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma. sensitizing radioresistant cancer by combining radiation with other therapeutics to induce apoptosis has been widely investigated. our previous study showed that chicken anaemia virus-derived apoptin protein induced the apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma hepg2 cells. in the present study, we demonstrated that apoptin sensitizes cells to radiation-induced apoptosis using a lentivirus-apoptin expressi ... | 2011 | 21461564 |
| a novel recombinant peste des petits ruminants-canine adenovirus vaccine elicits long-lasting neutralizing antibody response against ppr in goats. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a highly contagious infectious disease of goats, sheep and small wild ruminant species with high morbidity and mortality rates. the peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) expresses a hemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein on its outer envelope that is crucial for viral attachment to host cells and represents a key antigen for inducing the host immune response. | 2012 | 22623990 |
| expression of vp7, a bluetongue virus group specific antigen by viral vectors: analysis of the induced immune responses and evaluation of protective potential in sheep. | bluetongue virus (btv) is an economically important orbivirus transmitted by biting midges to domestic and wild ruminants. the need for new vaccines has been highlighted by the occurrence of repeated outbreaks caused by different btv serotypes since 1998. the major group-reactive antigen of btv, vp7, is conserved in the 26 serotypes described so far, and its role in the induction of protective immunity has been proposed. viral-based vectors as antigen delivery systems display considerable promis ... | 2014 | 25364822 |
| prevalence of canine infectious respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at us animal shelters. | to determine the prevalence of nine canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at animal shelters across the united states. | 2015 | 26199194 |
| genetic analysis of two chicken infectious anemia virus variants-related gyrovirus in stray mice and dogs: the first report in china, 2015. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) causes acute viral infection in chickens worldwide. it can infect chickens of all ages, but the disease is seen only in young chickens and is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions in the muscles, atrophic changes in the lymphoid organs, aplastic bone marrow, and immunosuppression causing increased mortality. previous studies have demonstrated that ciav can be isolated from blood specimens of humans and fecal samples of stray cats. in the present study, two v ... | 2017 | 28326326 |
| viral diagnosis in indian livestock using customized microarray chips. | viral diagnosis in indian livestock using customized microarray chips is gaining momentum in recent years. hence, it is possible to design customized microarray chip for viruses infecting livestock in india. customized microarray chips identified bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), canine adeno virus-1 (cav-1), and canine parvo virus-2 (cpv-2) in clinical samples. microarray identified specific probes were further confirmed using rt-pcr in all clinical and known samples. therefore, the application of ... | 2015 | 26912948 |
| patterns of exposure of iberian wolves (canis lupus) to canine viruses in human-dominated landscapes. | wildlife inhabiting human-dominated landscapes is at risk of pathogen spill-over from domestic species. with the aim of gaining knowledge in the dynamics of viral infections in iberian wolves (canis lupus) living in anthropized landscapes of northern spain, we analysed between 2010 and 2013 the samples of 54 wolves by serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for exposure to four pathogenic canine viruses: canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus-2 (cpv), canine adenovirus 1 and 2 (cav ... | 2016 | 26589403 |
| age-related presence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in paraffin-embedded lung samples of dogs with pneumonia. | the aim of this retrospective study was to detect selected pathogens in pneumonic lung tissue of dogs of different age groups by immunohistochemistry (ihc), in situ hybridisation (ish) or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to get information about their involvement in pneumonia formation. in archived formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded lung samples from 68 cases with the clinical and histologic diagnosis of pneumonia the histological pattern of pneumonia was re-evaluated and the sampl ... | 2016 | 26919147 |
| serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from zimbabwe. | domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-saharan africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as african wild dogs and african lions, respectively. the impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessmen ... | 2014 | 25686382 |
| serologic evidence for selected infectious diseases in marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy (2004-09). | we tested 30 serum samples collected during 2004-09 from 22 free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the national park of abruzzo, lazio, and molise, italy, for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), brucella spp., and eight leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. antibody to cdv was detected in 11 samples (37%); only two bears (10%) had detectable cav-2 and brucella spp. antibodies; three bea ... | 2015 | 25375945 |
| full-length infectious clone of an iranian isolate of chicken anemia virus. | an iranian field strain of chicken anemia virus (cav), designated ir cav, was isolated in the marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 (msb1) culture for the first time. the full-length cav dna of this strain was cloned in the bacterial plasmid ptz57r/t to create the molecular clone ptz-cav. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of viral proteins of ir cav were compared with those of representative cav sequences including reference and commercial vaccine str ... | 2017 | 27933433 |
| epidemiology of viral pathogens of free-ranging dogs and indian foxes in a human-dominated landscape in central india. | there is an increasing concern that free-ranging domestic dog (canis familiaris) populations may serve as reservoirs of pathogens which may be transmitted to wildlife. we documented the prevalence of antibodies to three viral pathogens, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav), in free-ranging dog and sympatric indian fox (vulpes bengalensis) populations in and around the great indian bustard wildlife sanctuary, in maharashtra, central india. a total of 2 ... | 2014 | 25135467 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against canine adenovirus (cav) type 2 in domestic dog populations in south africa precludes the use of cav-based recombinant rabies vaccines. | rabies in dogs can be controlled through mass vaccination. oral vaccination of domestic dogs would be useful in the developing world, where greater vaccination coverage is needed especially in inaccessible areas or places with large numbers of free-roaming dogs. from this perspective, recent research has focused on development of new recombinant vaccines that can be administered orally in a bait to be used as adjunct for parenteral vaccination. one such candidate, a recombinant canine adenovirus ... | 2013 | 23867013 |
| assessing demographic and epidemiologic parameters of rural dog populations in india during mass vaccination campaigns. | mass vaccination of dogs is a mainstay for efforts to control rabies and other viral pathogens. the success of such programs is a function of the ability to vaccinate sufficient proportions of animals to develop herd immunity. however, fully assessing success in reaching target vaccination-levels and in understanding the outcome of mass vaccination efforts is hindered if insufficient information is available on the demographics of dog populations and the prevalence of the targeted pathogens. whi ... | 2013 | 23664490 |
| recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing tgrop16 provides partial protection against acute toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | we previously demonstrated that the survival time of balb/c mice challenged with toxoplasma gondii rh strain was prolonged by immunising the mice with a eukaryotic vector expressing the protein rop16 of t. gondii. building upon previous findings, we are exploring improved vaccination strategies to enhance protection. in this work, a novel recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing rop16 (cav-2-rop16) of t. gondii was constructed and identified to express rop16 in madin-darby canine kidney c ... | 2016 | 27742446 |
| infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in wildlife rescue centres in the uk. | outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis are described in red foxes ( italic! vulpes vulpes) at two wildlife rescue centres in the uk. disease occurred in two-month-old to four-month-old juvenile foxes, which were held in small enclosures in groups of three to eight animals. the foxes died or were euthanased after a short clinical course, sometimes including neurological signs and jaundice, with a high case fatality rate. four red foxes submitted for postmortem examination had enlarged, congeste ... | 2016 | 27001767 |
| cav-2--why a canine virus is a neurobiologist's best friend. | canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) vectors are powerful tools for fundamental and applied neurobiology due to their negligible immunogenicity, preferential transduction of neurons, widespread distribution via axonal transport, and duration of expression in the mammalian brain. cav-2 vectors are internalized in neurons by the selective use of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car), which is located at the presynapse in neurons. neuronal internalization and axonal transport is mediated by car, ... | 2015 | 26298516 |
| production of canine adenovirus type 2 in serum-free suspension cultures of mdck cells. | the potential of adherent madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells for the production of influenza viruses and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) for vaccines or gene therapy approaches has been shown. recently, a new mdck cell line (mdck.sus2) that was able to grow in suspension in a fully defined system was established. in this work, we investigated whether the new mdck.sus2 suspension cell line is suitable for the amplification of cav-2 under serum-free culture conditions. cell growth performance ... | 2015 | 25994255 |
| 5-ht1b autoreceptors differentially modulate the expression of conditioned fear in a circuit-specific manner. | located in the nerve terminals of serotonergic neurons, 5-ht1b autoreceptors are poised to modulate synaptic 5-ht levels with precise temporal and spatial control, and play an important role in various emotional behaviors. this study characterized two novel, complementary viral vector strategies to investigate the contribution of 5-ht1b autoreceptors to fear expression, displayed as freezing, during contextual fear conditioning. increased expression of 5-ht1b autoreceptors throughout the brain s ... | 2015 | 25907441 |
| combined use of the canine adenovirus-2 and dreadd-technology to activate specific neural pathways in vivo. | we here describe a technique to transiently activate specific neural pathways in vivo. it comprises the combined use of a cre-recombinase expressing canine adenovirus-2 (cav-2) and an adeno-associated virus (aav-hsyn-dio-hm3d(gq)-mcherry) that contains the floxed inverted sequence of the designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (dreadd) hm3d(gq)-mcherry. cav-2 retrogradely infects projection neurons, which allowed us to specifically express hm3d(gq)-mcherry in neurons that proje ... | 2014 | 24736748 |
| experimental oral immunization of ferret badgers (melogale moschata) with a recombinant canine adenovirus vaccine cav-2-e3δ-rgp and an attenuated rabies virus srv9. | ferret badgers (melogale moschata) are a major reservoir of rabies virus in southeastern china. oral immunization has been shown to be a practical method for wildlife rabies management in europe and north america. two groups of 20 ferret badgers were given a single oral dose of a recombinant canine adenovirus-rabies vaccine, cav-2-e3δ-rgp, or an experimental attenuated rabies virus vaccine, srv9. at 21 days, all ferret badgers had seroconverted, with serum virus-neutralizing antibodies ranging f ... | 2014 | 24506428 |
| the serological and virological investigation of canine adenovirus infection on the dogs. | two types of canine adenovirus (cavs), canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs. in this study, blood samples taken from 111 dogs, which were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of selcuk university, faculty of veterinary medicine, with clinical symptoms. seventy-seven dogs were sampled from isparta and burdur dog shelters by random sam ... | 2013 | 24223508 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic studies of chicken anemia virus from polish broiler flocks. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a widespread chicken pathogen of significant economic importance. in 2013, broiler chicken flocks in poland were examined for the presence of cav, and phylogenetic relatedness between the strains was established. ten cloacal swabs from each of 106 broiler flocks (birds aged 3-6 wk) were collected in different regions of the country and tested with the use of real-time pcr (all samples) and conventional pcr (those samples positive in real-time pcr) assays. the presen ... | 2016 | 26953947 |