| soluble extracts from a lymphoblastoid cell line modulate simian immunodeficiency syndrome (saids) evolution. | nineteen macaca fascicularis monkeys were injected with siv. they were subsequently divided into 5 groups. four groups of 4 animals were injected with dialysable extracts (dle) from a lymphoblastoid cell line which had been previously induced with dle obtained either from the total lymphocyte population, or from the cd4 or cd8 subpopulations of mice immunized with siv virus. the other three animals which constituted the control group received saline injections. the animals were kept under observ ... | 1988 | 2846615 |
| functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression. we performed cotransfection assays of sivmac and hiv-1 tat constructs with ltr-cat reporter plasmids. the primary effect of transactivation for both sivmac and hiv-1 is an increase in ltr-directed mrna accumulation. the sivmac tat gene product partially transactivates an hiv-1 ltr, where ... | 1988 | 2846868 |
| characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned sivmac. | infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is probably the best animal model currently available for studying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this report, we describe three infectious molecular clones of sivmac and one of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and their use in the study of cell and species specificity, animal infection, and the relationship of gene sequence to function. replication of the cloned viruses in different cell lines varied dramat ... | 1988 | 2846880 |
| guidelines to prevent simian immunodeficiency virus infection in laboratory workers and animal handlers. | | 1988 | 2847001 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-induced immunodeficiency disease in rhesus monkeys: relation of antibody response and antigenemia. | infection of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) induces a disease similar to aids. we compared siv-specific antibody and antigenemia with the progression of disease in monkeys experimentally infected with siv/delta isolates that varied in pathogenicity. western blot, immunoprecipitation, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serial sera from macaques infected with attenuated virus revealed a persistent antibody response and no evidence of siv ... | 1988 | 2848903 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat: analysis of regulatory elements. | the long terminal repeats (ltrs) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and a related simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) contain cis-acting positive regulatory elements upstream and the major transactivator gene (tat) response element and a possible negative regulatory element downstream of the transcriptional initiation site. the tat response element of hiv-2 and of sivmac was more complex than that of hiv-1. two structurally similar subelements within the hiv-2 tat response ele ... | 1988 | 2849115 |
| animal models for hiv infection and aids: memorandum from a who meeting. | the human immunodeficiency virus is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of the retrovirus family. retroviruses are rna viruses which code for an rna-dependent dna polymerase (reverse transcriptase), which transcribes the rna genome into a dna provirus which, on integration with the host dna, directs the synthesis of new virions. the rna genome consists of a gag gene, which codes for the viral core proteins, a pol gene, which codes for the reverse transcriptase, an env gene, which codes for th ... | 1988 | 2850118 |
| necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta. | lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ... | 1988 | 2850650 |
| antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus in african green monkeys in africa in 1957-62. | | 1986 | 2874433 |
| comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | information on the extent of genetic variability among non-human primate lentiviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is sorely lacking. here we describe the isolation of two molecular clones from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and their use to derive restriction endonuclease maps of five siv isolates from rhesus macaques and one from a cynomolgus macaque. although similar, all six viral isolates are readily distinguishable; the single isolate from a cynomolgus macaque is ... | 1988 | 2893293 |
| prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. | the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ... | 1988 | 2895751 |
| characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoproteins: dimerization of the glycoprotein precursor during processing. | four glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 300,000, 140,000, 125,000, and 36,000 (gp300, gp140, gp125, and gp36) were detectable in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-infected cells. gp125 and gp36 are the external and transmembrane components, respectively, of the envelope glycoproteins of hiv-2 mature virions. gp300 and gp140 are only detectable in virus-infected cells. they have identical isoelectric points, suggesting that gp300 might be a dimeric form of the immature pre ... | 1989 | 2911118 |
| suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro by cd8+ lymphocytes. | the aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys induced by the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been used as a model to explore the nature of the t lymphocyte response after infection with viruses of the human immunodeficiency virus family. activated cd8+ lymphocytes are present in increased numbers in the paracortex of lymph nodes of siv-infected rhesus monkeys with a lymphadenopathy syndrome. we demonstrate that siv is more readily isolated from cd8+ lymphocyte-depleted pbl of siv-infected anim ... | 1988 | 2965185 |
| synthetic cd4 peptide derivatives that inhibit hiv infection and cytopathicity. | synthetic peptide segments of the cd4 molecule were tested for their ability to inhibit infection of cd4+ cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to inhibit hiv-induced cell fusion. a peptide mixture composed of cd4(76-94), and synthesis side products, blocked hiv-induced cell fusion at a nominal concentration of 125 micromolar. upon high-performance liquid chromatography, the antisyncytial activity of the peptide mixture was found not in the fraction containing the peptide cd4(76-94 ... | 1988 | 2969619 |
| immunophenotypic characterization of the cutaneous exanthem of siv-infected rhesus monkeys. apposition of degenerative langerhans cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes during the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a t-cell tropic retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), has recently been isolated from immunodeficient rhesus monkeys. this virus has remarkable similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. subsequent studies of simian infection with siv have shown it to be a relevant animal model for studying the pathogenesis of aids in man. in both hiv-infected humans and siv-infected monkeys, a cutaneous maculopapular eruption has bee ... | 1987 | 3030113 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus induces expression of class ii major histocompatibility complex structures on infected target cells in vitro. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) induce profound immune dysfunction in primate species. the present studies show that cell populations infected in vitro with siv exhibit increases in major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigen expression. cell lines chronically infected with both the monkey and human viruses express substantially more mhc class ii but not more lineage-restricted or activation antigens on their membrane ... | 1987 | 3033270 |
| lymphadenopathy in macaques experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). | a t-cell tropic lentivirus of macaques the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), has morphologic, growth, and antigenic properties that indicate that it is related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. six juvenile macaques developed persistent lymphadenopathy (greater than 3 months in duration) after inoculation with siv. the histologic appearance of the lymph nodes was characterized by marked follicular hyperp ... | 1987 | 3037910 |
| functional interaction and partial homology between human immunodeficiency virus and neuroleukin. | dementia is common in patients with aids, but the mechanism by which the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) causes the neurological impairment is unknown. in this study the possibility that an antigen of hiv-1 suppresses neuronal responses to neurotrophic factors was examined. both hiv-1 and a related retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), inhibited the growth of sensory neurons from chick dorsal root ganglia in medium containing neuroleukin (nlk) but not in medium containing ... | 1987 | 3039662 |
| identification of a protein encoded by the vpu gene of hiv-1. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) is the aetiological agent of aids. the virus establishes lytic, latent and non-cytopathic productive infection in cells in culture. the complexity of virus-host cell interaction is reflected in the complex organization of the viral genome. in addition to the genes that encode the virion capsid and envelope proteins and the enzymes required for proviral synthesis and integration common to all retroviruses, hiv-1 is known to encode at least four additional pr ... | 1988 | 3043230 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) contains a novel gene encoding a 16 kd protein associated with mature virions. | the hiv-2 genome contains an open reading frame (designated x-orf) that does not have a counterpart in hiv-1. to establish whether x-orf is a gene, we studied its expression in hiv-2-infected individuals and in infected cells in vitro. an hiv-2 proviral dna fragment containing the x-orf was expressed in e. coli, and the recombinant protein was used in an immunoblot assay. the x-orf protein was recognized specifically by the sera of hiv-2-infected people but not by the sera of siv-infected monkey ... | 1988 | 3061415 |
| cloning of htlv-4 and its relation to simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. | although much is now known of the strain variation among the type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), which is the cause of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in the united states, europe, and central africa, much less is yet known about a second group of viruses that have been found in west africans. one member of this group, named human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 4 (htlv-4), has been isolated from healthy senegalese. another is the virus isolated from west africans with aids-li ... | 1987 | 3104797 |
| the phylogenetic history of immunodeficiency viruses. | knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) is important for our understanding of the epidemiology of aids, the disease caused by these viruses. reconstruction of the evolutionary tree is hampered, however, by two problems. one is the high variation in nucleotide sequence between the known hiv isolates which can create formidable difficulties in identifying homologous genomic sites that may be used in a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction. anot ... | 1988 | 3131682 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in guinea bissau in 1980. | to determine the past prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in west africa, we tested 440 serum samples collected in 1980 from people living in rural areas of guinea bissau. the sera were screened for antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolated from rhesus macaque monkeys (sivmac) and then confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to siv, hiv-2, and hiv-1. five of the serum samples were repeatedly reactive by all assays to ... | 1988 | 3132940 |
| enzyme immunoassays for the demonstration of antibodies to hiv-2sbl-6669 and htlv-iv (sivmac). | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed for the demonstration of antibodies to hiv-2 using disrupted virions of the sbl-6669 isolate of hiv-2 and the so-called human t-lymphotropic virus type iv (htlv-iv), recently found to be identical with the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac), as antigens. three hundred sera from west african subjects, attending an outward clinic in bissau for examination of suspected tuberculosis, were tested by these two assays as well as by a commerc ... | 1988 | 3134913 |
| identification of a novel retroviral gene unique to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac. | human and simian immunodeficiency-associated retroviruses are extraordinarily complex, containing at least five genes, tat, art, sor, r, and 3' orf, in addition to the structural genes gag, pol, and env. recently, nucleotide sequence analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac revealed the existence of still another open reading frame, termed x, which is highly conserved between these two viruses but absent from hiv-1. in this report, we demon ... | 1988 | 3136256 |
| the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope open reading frame located after the termination codon is expressed in vivo in infected animals. | genetic comparison of sivmac to the human retroviruses generally associated with aids revealed a closer relationship to hiv-2 than to hiv-1. a common feature differentiating siv and hiv-2 from hiv-1 is the size of the transmembrane portion of the envelope, which is smaller (gp32) in sivmac and hiv-2 than in hiv-1 (gp41). the presence of this truncated form of the transmembrane glycoprotein in sivmac and hiv-2 virions is apparently related to the presence of a translation termination codon in the ... | 1988 | 3144995 |
| isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, papio (mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial africa. this virus, designated sivmnd (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human cd4-positive cells. western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed tha ... | 1988 | 3172337 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was isolated from the total peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and the monocyte-macrophage adherent cell population of three seropositive green monkeys originating from kenya. siv from these african green monkeys (sivagm) was isolated and continuously produced with the molt-4 clone 8 (m4c18) cell line but not with a variety of other cells including hut-78, h9, cem, mt-4, u937, and uncloned molt-4 cells. once isolated, these sivagm isolates were found ... | 1988 | 3172340 |
| seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency viruses in africa. | the first generation of serological tests for anti-hiv-1 gave so many false positives with african sera that it was wrongly postulated that the virus was endemic in africa. as there is no simian or other virus sufficiently closely related to hiv-1 as to suggest a recent common ancestor, the evolution of hiv-1 is obscure and there is no current evidence to support the hypothesis of an african origin. however, the similarity of hiv-2 to siv and its geographical distribution do suggest an evolution ... | 1988 | 3191207 |
| identification and characterization of the repetitive dna element in the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6. | the genome of the chilo iridescent virus (civ) was analyzed for existence of repetitive dna sequences by dna-dna hybridization using a defined and complete gene library of the viral genome (209 kbp) and by heteroduplex mapping. these experiments revealed the presence of repetitive dna elements in the civ genome, which are located in the ecori fragment h and in the ecori dna fragment c at the coordinates 0.535 to 0.548 (ecori/pstl dna fragment, 2.7 kbp) and 0.920 to 0.944 (pvuii civ dna fragment ... | 1988 | 3201750 |
| genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is comparable to the variability among hiv type 1. | the isolation from macaques of retroviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) led to the identification of a second group of human retroviruses (termed hiv-2), which are prevalent in west africa and closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). we have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the human west african retrovirus hiv-2nih-z and compared it to that of a previously described strain of hiv-2 (hiv-2rod) as well as to siv and hiv-1. we have reac ... | 1988 | 3261862 |
| inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. this isolate, originally designated m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (mniv) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboon ... | 1988 | 3285032 |
| molecular characterization of gag proteins from simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmne). | a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) designated sivmne was isolated from a pig-tailed macaque with lymphoma housed at the university of washington regional primate research center, seattle. to better establish the relationship of sivmne to other immunodeficiency viruses, we purified and determined the partial amino acid sequences of six structural proteins (p1, p2, p6, p8, p16, and p28) from sivmne and compared these amino acid sequences to the translated nucleotide sequences of sivmac and huma ... | 1988 | 3292789 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group. | some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ... | 1988 | 3374586 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel protein (x-orf product) from siv and hiv-2. | a protein designated p14 was purified from a simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmne) and was shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be nearly identical to the predicted translational product of a unique open reading frame (x-orf) in the nucleotide sequences of sivmac and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). thus the x-orf is proven to be a new retroviral gene. the p14 is present in sivmne in molar amounts equivalent to those of the gag proteins. this is the first example of a retrovirus ... | 1988 | 3388031 |
| site-directed elisa identifies a highly antigenic region of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. | the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp32) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) contains a highly antigenic region that includes amino acid residues 606-628. a synthetic peptide representing this region was highly immunoreactive with sera from siv-infected primates in a site-directed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). this reactivity extended across four primate species from three genera and identified infection with at least two distinct isolates of siv. this site-directed elisa repres ... | 1988 | 3395516 |
| a quantitative bioassay for hiv-1 based on trans-activation. | a bioassay that is based on trans-activation has been developed for the detection and quantitation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). indicator cell lines were constructed that contain the hiv-1 long terminal repeat ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. infection of these cells by hiv activates the expression of cat protein. isolates of hiv-1 with divergent nucleotide sequences activated the indicator cell lines to a similar extent, approximately 500- to 1 ... | 1988 | 3422113 |
| immunohistochemical localization of human and simian immunodeficiency viral antigens in fixed tissue sections. | antigens of human (hiv) or simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) were identified with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin complex (abc) immunohistochemistry in fixed surgical pathology and autopsy specimens of humans or monkeys with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with b-5 fixative, viral antigens were readily detected in lymph nodes of 8 of 13 patients with follicular hyperplasia, but in only 1 of 12 patients with follicular atrophy. antigen was detected in follicular ... | 1987 | 3472469 |
| natural history of endemic type d retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. | a 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of saids and infection with a type d retrovirus, saids retrovirus serotype 1 (srv-1). of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with saids within 9 months of introduction into the resident saids-endemic population. in contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenil ... | 1987 | 3477665 |
| simian models for aids. | the macaque immunodeficiency syndrome has many parallels to aids in humans. affected monkeys develop profound, prolonged t lymphocyte dysfunction and die of lymphomas or opportunistic infections. we recently isolated a virus that we call siv from four sick macaque monkeys. the morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of human aids. the pathogenicity of this newly isolated virus was tested in macaque monkeys. fiv ... | 1987 | 3480063 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. | the characterization of hiv-1 (htlv-iii/lav), the human retrovirus associated with aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect cd4-bearing t lymphocytes. simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (stlv-iiimac) induces symptoms similar to those of aids in infected macaques, but isolates from african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm) and mangabeys (stlv-iimm) appear t ... | 1987 | 3497350 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| monoclonal antibodies against chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6). brief report. | mouse hybridomas producing antibodies against proteins of chilo iridescent virus were established by fusions of x 63-ag 8-653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified disrupted viral particles. forty monoclonal antibodies to civ proteins have been characterized. by elisa, 4 categories of monoclonal antibodies were defined according to their ability to react with some selected viral protein fractions used as antigen. in preliminary studies, the specificity of 2 mon ... | 1986 | 3729732 |
| insect iridescent virus type 6 induced toxic degenerative hepatitis in mice. | the toxic effect of insect iridescent virus type 6 - chilo iridescent virus - (civ) was investigated using balb/c mice (strain byj ico and kisslegg). the animals were inoculated with civ intraperitoneally (1 x 10(9) to 9.2 x 10(11) tcid50/animal). the animals which were administered with 1 x 10(11) to 9 x 10(11) tcid50 of civ per animal, developed acute clinical illness and died during 18 to 80 h post infection. histopathological and electronmicroscopic examinations of the liver tissues of those ... | 1986 | 3959991 |
| isolation of polysomes from permissive and non-permissive invertebrate cell lines infected with chilo iridescent virus. | chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6 or civ) infection results in a disaggregation of the heavy polyribosomes both in permissive and non-permissive invertebrate cell lines. the integrity of the viral genome is not involved in this event, as shown by the polysome absorbance profile on sucrose gradient, prepared from cells infected with uv treated virus. heavy polysomes reappeared in permissive infected cells during the viral replication cycle. | 1985 | 4033538 |
| protein synthesis in cells infected by chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus, type 6). | synthesis of the polypeptides induced in civ-infected cells was studied using radiolabelled methionine in a permissive cell line of choristoneura fumiferana. analysis of labelled cell extracts by high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) revealed the sequential appearance of at least 28 structural and non-structural polypeptides in permissive conditions. this was confirmed by analysis of protein synthesis in non-permissive cell lines of lymantria dispar, aedes albopictus or by th ... | 1985 | 4062562 |
| replication of the insect chilo iridescent virus (civ) in a poikilothermic vertebrate cell line. | | 1974 | 4618842 |
| crossed immunoelectrophoretic characterization of chilo iridescent virus surface antigens. | the surface antigens of iridovirus type 6 (civ) were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. using different solubilization techniques, up to seven antigenic determinants corresponding to four viral structural polypeptides were identified. | 1982 | 6184034 |
| sero-epizootiological study on swine influenza in a prefecture of japan. | a total of 1799 swine sera collected in toyama prefecture in the central part of japan during the years 1978-82 were tested for antibody against swine influenza virus (siv), a/new jersey/8/76 (h1n1). a high prevalence of antibody was observed in the years after the severe epizootic of si, 34.5% in 1979 and 51.7% in 1982. in other years, the percentages of positive sera were low and ranged from 1.7 to 12.4%. regional variations were seen in relation to a small scale epizootic. no antibody to siv ... | 1983 | 6306099 |
| lipid composition of an iridescent virus type 6 (civ). | the chilo iridescent virus (civ) is a lipid-containing virus propagated in vitro in choristoneura fumiferana cell cultures. we have analysed the individual lipids of the viral membrane which appeared interesting in their relative amounts and mainly in the high proportion of phosphatidylinositol. this fraction represented about 27 per cent of the phospholipid extract. the lipid composition of the viral membrane was unchanged whether the virus was propagated in vivo in larvae or in vitro in invert ... | 1982 | 7149999 |
| inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in cells infected with an invertebrate virus (iridovirus type 6 or civ). | chilo iridescent virus (civ), an invertebrate virus, rapidly inhibits cellular rna, dna and protein synthesis in permissive and non permissive vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines. the integrity of the viral genome is not required for inhibitory expression, since viral proteins solubilized from civ by freezing and treatment with edta exhibit inhibitory properties similar to those of intact virions. | 1980 | 7356399 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein r (vpr) arrests cells in the g2 phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting p34cdc2 activity. | the vpr accessory gene product of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus is believed to play a role in permitting entry of the viral core into the nucleus of nondividing cells. a second role for vpr was recently suggested by rogel et al. (m. e. rogel, l. i. wu, and m. emerman, j. virol. 69:882-888, 1995), who showed that vpr prevents the establishment in vitro of chronically infected hiv producer cell lines, apparently by causing infected cells to arrest in ... | 1995 | 7474080 |
| morphological changes in lymph nodes and expression of vcam1 and cytokines at the late stages of siv-induced disease in rhesus monkeys. | four patterns of structural alterations were found in lymph nodes (lns) from rhesus monkeys 17 to 34 months after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv-mac251). siv p27gag antigen and viral particles were localized either between the processes of follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) or in the cytoplasm of macrophages. in hyperplastic follicles, enlarged germinal centres contained numerous ki67+ proliferating centroblasts which were rather rare in light zones occupied by the cd23+ fdc ne ... | 1995 | 7481091 |
| both virus and host components are important for the manifestation of a nef- phenotype in hiv-1 and hiv-2. | while it has been demonstrated that the nef protein of simian immunodeficiency virus is obligatory for the establishment of high viral loads and the development of simian aids in rhesus macaques, demonstrating a critical role for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) nef protein in tissue culture has been elusive. data have been contradictory as to whether nef has a negative or positive influence on in vitro virus replication. in an attempt to define a role for nef during virus propagation in t ... | 1995 | 7483259 |
| identification of v3 mutations that can compensate for inactivating mutations in c4 of simian immunodeficiency virus. | a valine to isoleucine substitution at position 322 within variable region 3 (v3) of envelope of simian immunodeficiency virus was previously shown to compensate for an inactivating valine to glycine mutation at position 448 in constant region 4 (c4) (morrison et al., virology 195, 167-174, 1993). cloned dna fragments with inactivating c4 mutations were combined with complex mixtures of mutant v3 sequences, and full length genomes were transfected into cos-1 cells. by cocultivating transfected c ... | 1995 | 7483261 |
| the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane protein is poorly immunogenic in inactivated virus vaccine. | the transmembrane proteins (tmp) of immunodeficiency lentiviruses are primary candidates for inclusion in aids vaccines, the design and testing of which is facilitated by the siv-macaque infection model. antibody responses to linear determinants in the sivmac tmp were investigated in rhesus macaques either infected with the sivmac j5 molecular clone or vaccinated with partially purified, formalin-inactivated sivmac. infected animals were shown to recognise predominantly four regions in the exter ... | 1995 | 7483761 |
| characterization of a cd4-expressing macaque cell line that can detect virus after a single replication cycle and can be infected by diverse simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | primate lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are phenotypically diverse, and virus isolates vary in cytopathicity, replication rate, and cell tropism. while all virus isolates infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes, only a subset of strains infect established cd4-expressing t-cell lines. here, we describe the development and characterization of a macaque cell line that can be infected by all of the strains of siv that we have tested ... | 1995 | 7491763 |
| limited viral spread and rapid immune response in lymph nodes of macaques inoculated with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. | a comparative study was undertaken to characterize the very early events that distinguish attenuated and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections. three rhesus macaques were inoculated with the attenuated sivmac 251 delta nef virus, and three others with a virus of intermediate phenotype, sivmac 239 nef stop. they were compared to four macaques inoculated with the pathogenic sivmac 251 isolate. lymph nodes (ln) taken between 7 days and 2 months postinoculation were analyzed for ... | 1995 | 7491778 |
| lymphocyte-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection in the brains of rhesus monkeys. | molecularly cloned sivmac239 is the prototypical sivmac lymphocyte-tropic virus that replicates productively in lymphocytes but poorly in macrophages. in macaques, the virus causes activation and productive infection of t lymphocytes which invade the central nervous system (cns) early after infection in the animal. however, infected animals develop immunosuppression and aids but rarely overt neurological disease. in this study, we examined multiple regions of the brain and spinal cord for the pr ... | 1995 | 7491784 |
| highly attenuated hiv type 2 recombinant poxviruses, but not hiv-2 recombinant salmonella vaccines, induce long-lasting protection in rhesus macaques. | immunization schemes employing priming with vector-based vaccine candidates followed by subunit booster administrations have been explored and shown to have merit in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus systems. in this study, we have assessed the priming capacity of highly attenuated poxvirus vector (nyvac and alvac)-based hiv-2 recombinants, as well as salmonella typhimurium hiv-2 recombinants in rhesus macaques. alvac- and nyvac-based vaccine candi ... | 1995 | 7492438 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaque primary placental cells. | we have characterized the ability of a simian immunodeficiency virus, sivmne strain e11s, to infect macaque placental trophoblast and hofbauer cells. these primary placental cells were permissive to sivmne infection, regardless of gestational age. virus production by the infected cells was determined as time-dependent viral core antigen p27 production, followed by verification of the proviral gag/ltr dna sequences in the infected cells using a polymerase chain reaction assay. of more than six pl ... | 1995 | 7492442 |
| studies of complement-activating antibodies in the siv/macaque model of acute primary infection and vaccine protection. | questions regarding the potential impact of complement-activating antibodies on lentivirus pathogenesis and vaccine development were addressed in the siv/macaque model by evaluating sera for activity related to complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement (c'-ade) of siv infection in vitro. c'-ade activity in sera obtained during acute primary infection in macaques inoculated with sivmac251 appeared before neutralizing antibodies and coincided with the initial peak and decline of plasma a ... | 1995 | 7492443 |
| the vif protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is packaged into virions and associates with viral core structures. | the vif gene of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv and siv) encodes a late gene product that is essential for viral infectivity in natural target cells. virions produced in the absence of vif are abnormal in their ultrastructural morphology and are severely impaired in the ability to complete proviral dna synthesis upon entry into new target cells. because previous studies failed to detect vif protein in virus particles, vif is believed to influence virus infectivity indirectly, by a ... | 1995 | 7494271 |
| mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr is a virion-associated, regulatory protein that is required for efficient viral replication in monocytes/macrophages. the protein is believed to act in conjunction with the gag matrix protein to allow import of the viral preintegration complex in nondividing cells. in cells, vpr localizes to the nucleus. recently, we showed that vpr prevents the activation of p34cdc2-cyclin b. this results in arrest of vpr-expressing cells in the g2/m phase of the cell cyc ... | 1995 | 7494303 |
| genotypic selection of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaque infants infected transplacentally. | to understand viral and host factors that contribute to transplacental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, we developed an animal model using pregnant female macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). pregnant females were inoculated intravenously during midgestation with either a well-characterized primary isolate of siv (siv/deltab670) or a combination of siv/deltab670 and the macrophage-tropic molecular clone siv/17e-fr. the viral genetic diversity in five infected ... | 1995 | 7494311 |
| apparent lack of vertical transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in naturally infected african green monkeys, cercopithecus aethiops. | | 1995 | 7495371 |
| interface peptides as structure-based human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | reverse transcriptases from both human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 are obligatory dimers. a tryptophan-rich repeat motif that is highly conserved between these proteins, as well as in the reverse transcriptase from simian immunodeficiency virus, has been postulated to be involved in hydrophobic subunit interactions. a synthetic 19-mer peptide covering part of this tryptophan repeat motif was recently shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 reverse transcriptase subunit d ... | 1995 | 7499382 |
| antiviral cytotoxic t lymphocytes in vaginal mucosa of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | the mucosal immune system of the female reproductive tract is of central importance for protection against sexually transmitted diseases, including hiv; however, this arm of the immune system remains poorly understood. antiviral ctl responses never have been documented in the genital tract and the role of ctl in this anatomic site is unknown. in this study, cd8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in the vaginas of six simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected female rhesus macaques were identi ... | 1995 | 7499875 |
| crystal structure of siv matrix antigen and implications for virus assembly. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), their matrix antigens (mas) sharing some 50% sequence identity. ma is a component of pr55gag, the sole protein required for assembly of the virion shell. ma targets pr55 to the plasma membrane, and facilitates incorporation of the virus envelope protein and assembly of the pr55gag shell. cleavage of pr55 by the viral protease produces the mature protein of relative molecular mass 17-18k, which underlies ... | 1995 | 7501025 |
| prevention of siv infection in macaques by (r)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. | the efficacy of pre- and postexposure treatment with the antiviral compound (r)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (pmpa) was tested against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in macaques as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). pmpa was administered subcutaneously once daily beginning either 48 hours before, 4 hours after, or 24 hours after virus inoculation. treatment continued for 4 weeks and the virologic, immunologic, and clinical status of the macaques was monitored for up to ... | 1995 | 7502044 |
| induction of iga and igg antibodies in vaginal fluid, serum and saliva following immunization of genital and gut associated lymphoid tissue. | vaginal immunization with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was investigated in macaques in order to study genital mucosal antibodies. a combined route of genital- and gut-associated lymphoid tissues was used to stimulate iga and igg antibodies in vaginal fluid, serum and saliva. macaques were immunized with a recombinant, particulate siv antigen (siv gag p27), covalently linked to the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin b subunit (ctb). the animals were immunized sequentially as follows: vagin ... | 1995 | 7502858 |
| t cell responses in macaques after vaginal immunization with particulate siv p27 antigen. | rhesus monkeys were immunized by the vaginal and oral routes using a recombinant particulate simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antigen. augmenting vaginal by oral immunization in macaques elicits proliferative cd4+ t cells in the circulation which are specific to the immunizing p27 antigen. reconstitution of enriched cd4+ t cells, b cells and macrophages from circulating mononuclear cells help b cells in specific iga anti-p27 antibody synthesis. the results suggest that augmented vaginal immun ... | 1995 | 7502859 |
| two-tag purification of recombinant proteins for the construction of solid matrix-antibody-antigen (smaa) complexes as vaccines. | in order to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins for immunization purposes, for example through the construction of solid matrix-antibody-antigen (smaa) complexes, two small but different tag sequences were attached to the n- and c-termini of recombinant proteins. the 12-amino-acid n-terminal tag (his) contained an array of six histidines which permitted first-step purification by nickel-affinity column chromatography. the c-terminal tag (pk) was a 14-amino-acid oligopeptide recog ... | 1993 | 7504859 |
| targeted inhibition of immunodeficiency virus replication in lymphocytes through retroviral mediated gene transfer. | to test the feasibility of gene therapy for aids patients, an animal model is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this approach. antiviral genes (encoding antisense rna or viral protein) derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were efficiently targeted into cd4+ lymphocytes through retroviral-mediated gene transfer. after challenging with infectious viruses, the transduced lymphocytes that received antiviral genes were not only protected from siv infection, but also from infec ... | 1993 | 7504917 |
| chemical modifications of aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives increase effectivity and specificity of reverse transcriptase inhibition and change mode of action of reverse transcriptase and dna polymerase alpha inhibition. | the reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibition and the specificity of 15 aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives were examined with rt of a simian immunodeficiency virus derived from an african green monkey (sivagmtyo-7). the two compounds with the strongest rt inhibition (nf415) or the highest specificity (nf345), together with suramin, were evaluated against polymerase alpha-primase complex from calf thymus. we have also compared the kinetics of inhibition of the viral and the cellular polymerase ... | 1993 | 7506509 |
| monocyte adhesion to endothelium in simian immunodeficiency virus-induced aids encephalitis is mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/alpha 4 beta 1 integrin interactions. | because the mechanisms associated with recruitment of monocytes to brain in aids encephalitis are unknown, we used tissues from rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) to examine the relative contributions of various adhesion pathways in mediating monocyte adhesion to endothelium from encephalitic brain. using a modified stamper and woodruff tissue adhesion assay, we found that the human monocytic cell lines, thp-1 and u937, and the b cell line, ramos, preferentially bou ... | 1994 | 7507300 |
| passively transferred antibodies directed against conserved regions of siv envelope protect macaques from siv infection. | inactivated plasma collected from either siv-infected or peptide-vaccinated macaques was transferred into 17 naive rhesus monkeys. two additional macaques received normal plasma and served as controls. following transfer all 19 monkeys were inoculated with siv. while the controls became infected and were virus-isolation-positive, 3 of 6 recipients of siv peptide vaccine plasma and 9 of 11 recipients of siv-infected monkey plasma were protected. none of the 12 protected animals became virus-isola ... | 1993 | 7507625 |
| studies of the conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope protein. | it has been shown previously that the major neutralizing epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are discontinuous and conformation dependent and that the v3 loop, in contrast to that of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1, does not by itself elicit neutralizing antibodies (k. javaherian et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:1418-1422, 1992). we now present data showing that on the basis of fractionation of infected macaque sera, protease digestion of the envelope, and binding prop ... | 1994 | 7511176 |
| an epitope in the v1 domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) gp120 protein is recognized by cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes from an siv-infected rhesus macaque. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses against the external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were studied in a rhesus macaque infected with sivmac/239. cd8+ t cells enriched from concanavalin a-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells lysed autologous target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing the sivmac/239 or sivsm/h4 envelope protein, which share approximately 80% identity in amino acid sequence. a cd8+ ctl line derive ... | 1994 | 7511178 |
| targeted lymph node immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus p27 antigen to elicit genital, rectal, and urinary immune responses in nonhuman primates. | a s.c. route of immunization was developed in non-human primates, which targets the genitourinary-rectal associated lymphoid tissue. a vaccine consisting of rsiv gag p27, expressed as hybrid ty virus-like particles (p27: ty-vlp) was administered in the proximity of the internal iliac lymph nodes. secretory iga and igg abs to the p27 ag were elicited in the vaginal, male urethral, rectal and seminal fluids, urine and serum. two or more immunodominant b cell epitopes were identified within peptide ... | 1994 | 7519218 |
| effects of natural sequence variation on recognition by monoclonal antibodies neutralize simian immunodeficiency virus infectivity. | the determinants of immune recognition by five monoclonal antibodies (kk5, kk9, kk17, senv7.1, and senv101.1) that neutralize simian immunodeficiency virus infectivity were analyzed. these five neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were generated to native sivmac251 envelope glycoprotein expressed by a vaccinia virus recombinant vector. all five recognize conformational or discontinuous epitopes and require native antigen for optimal recognition. these monoclonal antibodies also recognize sivmac239 ... | 1994 | 7520089 |
| vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies directed in part to the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) v2 domain were unable to protect rhesus monkeys from siv experimental challenge. | the potential of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) variable 2 (v2) domain as an effective region to boost siv-neutralizing antibodies and to protect against live siv challenge was tested in rhesus macaques. in this study, two rhesus macaques were primed with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the surface glycoprotein gp140 of sivmac and were given booster injections with the sivmac v2 domain presented by a highly immunogenic carrier, the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the two vac ... | 1994 | 7521918 |
| a simian immunodeficiency virus envelope v3 cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope in rhesus monkeys and its restricting major histocompatibility complex class i molecule mamu-a*02. | the use of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) macaque model for assessing human immunodeficiency virus vaccine strategies will be facilitated by the characterization of predominant siv cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes and their restricting major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules in macaque species. we now define a rhesus monkey sivmac ctl epitope in the third hypervariable region of the envelope glycoprotein of the virus. this epitope, ynltmkcr, contains the first two ... | 1994 | 7521921 |
| hypervariable epitope constructs as a means of accounting for epitope variability. | epitope variability is one of the greatest obstacles to development of synthetic peptide vaccines. based on a recently described hypervariable epitope (aa 414-434) on the envelope glycoprotein (gp130) to simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac142), we have developed a novel approach to account for epitope variability. we have prepared, in a single synthesis, a cocktail of peptides, designated a hypervariable epitope construct (hec), which collectively represent all the in vivo variability seen in ... | 1994 | 7522382 |
| effects of u-75875, a peptidomimetic inhibitor of retroviral proteases, on simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. | u-75875 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) proteases and blocks gag-pol protein processing and viral maturation and replication in vitro. rhesus monkeys were treated with vehicle alone or with formulated u-75875 at doses of 7 or 20 mg/kg of body weight per day for 26 days by continuous intravenous infusion beginning 6 h prior to intravenous inoculation with 10 monkey 50% infectious doses of siv delta b670, and the monkeys were monitored un ... | 1994 | 7522427 |
| envelope sequence variation, neutralizing antibodies, and primate lentivirus persistence. | studies in ungulate lentivirus systems clearly indicate that neutralization escape variants emerge over time in chronically infected animals. studies in the eiav system, in particular, have provided strong evidence that the humoral branch of the immune system is at least one selective force acting on an array of viral variants. in previous studies with the ungulate lentiviruses, molecularly cloned virus was never used, and plaque-purified virus was only sometimes used; the genetic determinants r ... | 1994 | 7523031 |
| complement control proteins, cd46, cd55, and cd59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection. | complement control proteins include a group of membrane-bound surface antigens that protect cells from complement lysis by preventing formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) of complement. hiv-1 and siv are known to possess cellular proteins, making it possible that some of them contribute to the ability of these viruses to evade complement lysis. three complement control proteins, cd46 (membrane cofactor protein), cd55 (decay accelerating protein), and cd59 (hrf20), were found by flow cy ... | 1994 | 7526538 |
| biological and biochemical anti-hiv activity of the benzothiadiazine class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | a series of benzothiadiazine derivatives were screened against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and certain structure-activity relationships were defined for anti-hiv activity in this chemical class. the selected representative nsc 287474 was a highly potent inhibitor of hiv-induced cell killing and hiv replication in a variety of human cell lines, as well as in fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. the compound was active against a panel of biologically diverse laborat ... | 1994 | 7529014 |
| neither whole inactivated virus immunogen nor passive immunoglobulin transfer protects against sivagm infection in the african green monkey natural host. | attempts to protect against infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac grown in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) using whole inactivated virus immunogen or passive transfer of antibody have so far universally failed. however, such experiments have succeeded in the closely related human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2/cynomolgus system. to determine whether the failure in the sivmac system is typical of primate lentiviruses we performed vaccination and passive transfer ... | 1995 | 7532099 |
| a mhc class i b locus allele-restricted simian immunodeficiency virus envelope ctl epitope in rhesus monkeys. | in light of the importance of virus-specific ctl in the control of the spread of the aids virus, it will be important to assess the generation of these effector cell responses in trials of novel vaccine strategies for the prevention of aids virus infections. to facilitate such studies in the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/macaque model for aids, we have defined a rhesus monkey sivmac ctl epitope carboxy terminus to both the cd4-binding and v4 regions of the envelope glycoprotein. we also us ... | 1995 | 7532670 |
| inhibition of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) replication by cd8+ cells of siv-infected rhesus macaques: implications for immunopathogenesis. | the ability of the cd8+ cells from simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaques to inhibit siv replication was investigated. inhibition was produced by a heat-stable soluble factor of molecular size greater than 10kda. cd8+ supernatants from some macaques were found not only to suppress siv growth but also to be cytolytic toward both infected and uninfected cd4+ cells. such indiscriminate cd8+ cell-mediated cell killing may therefore account for dc4+ cell depletion in certain siv ... | 1994 | 7534828 |
| thymic immunopathology and progression of sivsm infection in cynomolgus monkeys. | thymuses from 22 cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) developed characteristic cortical and medullary changes including formation of b-cell follicles (8/21) and accumulation of virus immune complexes. advanced thymic histopathology was correlated with more pronounced immunodeficiency. sivsm provirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in most (16/18) thymuses and spliced viral env mrna in 3 (3/7) thymuses with advanced histopathologic changes indicat ... | 1995 | 7536107 |
| efficacy of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine treatment against chronic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques. | long-tailed macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were treated for 4 or 8 weeks with daily subcutaneous doses of the antiretroviral compound 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea). the efficacy of pmea was evaluated by monitoring cell-free virus in plasma, virus titer and viral dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets. in mock-treated control macaques, virus titers changed minimally. however, in treated macaques, p ... | 1995 | 7538551 |
| intercellular adhesion molecule 3, a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 co-receptor on lymphoid and monocytoid cells. | the cd4 molecule serves as the principal cell surface receptor common to both the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv). since binding to cd4 is not sufficient to permit virus entry, hiv 'co-receptors' have been implicated in mediating the fusion of viral and cellular membranes necessary for completing the entry process. in order to identify candidate co-receptor molecules, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against adhesion molecules was tested for the a ... | 1995 | 7540195 |
| t cell receptor v beta repertoire in an acute infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency viruses and a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus. | changes in t cell receptor (tcr) v beta repertoire and their correlation with virologic events were investigated in rhesus monkeys after acute infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). 11 genetically defined rhesus monkeys were experimentally infected with sivmac or a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv), and their peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and lymph nodes were prospectively assessed for tcr v beta gene expression. pbl and lymph nodes of the acutely infected ... | 1995 | 7540651 |
| sensitivity/resistance profile of a simian immunodeficiency virus containing the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) toward the hiv-1-specific non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | to develop an animal model for the therapy of aids with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-specific reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitors, we recently constructed a hybrid simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/hiv-1 in which the rt gene of siv was replaced by the rt gene of hiv-1. this chimaeric virus, designated rt-shiv, was found to be markedly sensitive to the inhibitory effects of both nucleoside (ddn) and non-nucleoside rt inhibitors (nnrtis). in contrast, siv was inhibited only by d ... | 1995 | 7541200 |
| attachment of an oligopeptide epitope to the c-terminus of recombinant siv gp160 facilitates the construction of smaa complexes while preserving cd4 binding. | a small 14 amino acid oligopeptide tag (termed sv5-pk) was fused onto the carboxy-terminus of simian immunodeficiency virus gp160 expressed from a recombinant baculovirus. the presence of the pk tag had no obvious effect on the expression and glycosylation of gp160 and did not interfere either with cd4 binding or with cleavage at its maturation site by the protease furin. the presence of the pk tag did, however, facilitate the simplified purification of full-length gp160 and its incorporation in ... | 1995 | 7543487 |
| specificity and neutralizing capacity of three monoclonal antibodies produced against the envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus isolate 251. | three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mab) were produced against soluble recombinant vaccinia virus gp140 from siv-mac251. two mabs (1b9 and 6c11) were mapped at the aa 411-430 sequence within the v4 domain, and the third mab (3c8) recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope on the external envelope glycoprotein. this was shown by its loss of reactivity in western blot and elisa with dithiothreitol-reduced gp140. mab 3c8, but not 1b9 and 6c11, cross-reacts well with gp140 and gp125 from hiv-2rod, i ... | 1995 | 7544048 |
| animal model for the therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | the reverse transcriptase (rt) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is the major target for antiretroviral therapy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). while some inhibitors exhibit activity against most retroviral rts, others are specific for the hiv-1 enzyme. to develop an animal model for the therapy of the hiv-1 infection with rt inhibitors, the rt of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was replaced by the rt of hiv-1. macaques infected with this siv/hiv-1 hybr ... | 1995 | 7545297 |
| passive immunization of rhesus macaques against siv infection and disease. | to evaluate the role of humoral immunity against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), we tested whether passive immunization with plasma from sivmac251 vaccine-protected or healthy infected animals would protect rhesus monkeys against intravenous infection with ten 50% animal infectious doses of the cell-free homologous virus. the challenge dose of this sivmac251 virus stock had previously caused persistent infection in all (21 of 21) nonimmunized controls. a plasma pool was obtained from a dono ... | 1995 | 7546912 |