| the antiviral potential of interferon-induced cotton rat mx proteins against orthomyxovirus (influenza), rhabdovirus, and bunyavirus. | influenza a virus (fluav) is an important human pathogen able to cause devastating pandemics. recently, cotton rats have been proposed as an animal model to study the innate immune response against fluav and other human pathogens. the interferon (ifn)-induced mx gtpases are part of the cell-autonomous innate immune response against viruses. we, therefore, tested the antiviral activity of the two cotton rat mx proteins that were recently identified. the nuclear cotton rat mx1 protein was found to ... | 2007 | 17970694 |
| rescue of akabane virus (family bunyaviridae) entirely from cloned cdnas by using rna polymerase i. | reverse-genetic systems are often used to study different aspects of the viral life cycle. to date, three rescue systems have been developed for the family bunyaviridae. these systems use t7 rna polymerase, which is generally used in rescue systems for mononegavirales. in the present study, we describe a rescue system for akabane virus (family bunyaviridae) that uses cdnas and rna polymerase i instead of t7 rna polymerase. the utility of this system was demonstrated by the generation of a mutant ... | 2007 | 18024908 |
| molecular epidemiological analyses of the teratogenic aino virus based on the sequences of a small rna segment. | the sequences of a small rna segment of aino virus isolates were analyzed to define the molecular epidemiology and genetic relationships to other species in the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the segment were highly conserved among strains isolated from 1964 to 2002 in japan. these japanese isolates were segregated into two distinct lineages, one containing the prototype strain janar28 isolated in 1964 and the other containing strains ... | 2008 | 18077110 |
| genetic relationships of jamestown canyon virus strains infecting mosquitoes collected in connecticut. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) is maintained in a mosquito-deer cycle and has been implicated in the etiology of meningitis and encephalitis with human cases reported from ontario, canada, michigan, connecticut, and new york. despite the recognition of symptomatic cases in the northeastern united states, little is known about the genetic relationships of jcv variants circulating in this region. accordingly, we compared the phylogenetic relationships of ... | 2007 | 18165540 |
| insights into bunyavirus architecture from electron cryotomography of uukuniemi virus. | bunyaviridae is a large family of viruses that have gained attention as "emerging viruses" because many members cause serious disease in humans, with an increasing number of outbreaks. these negative-strand rna viruses possess a membrane envelope covered by glycoproteins. the virions are pleiomorphic and thus have not been amenable to structural characterization using common techniques that involve averaging of electron microscopic images. here, we determined the three-dimensional structure of a ... | 2008 | 18272496 |
| viral haemorrhagic fever and vascular alterations. | pathogenesis of viral haemorrhagic fever (vhf) is closely associated with alterations of the vascular system. among the virus families causing vhf, filoviruses (marburg and ebola) are the most fatal, and will be focused on here. after entering the body, ebola primarily targets monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. infected dendritic cells are largely impaired in their activation potency, likely contributing to the immune suppression that occurs during filovirus infection. monocytes/macropha ... | 2008 | 18278167 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the large (l) segment of the tahyna virus genome. | the tahyna virus (tahv) is an important human pathogen in the bunyaviridae family. to date, only the s and m segments of this virus have been sequenced, but the sequence of the l segment hasn't been established yet. in this study, we sequenced 963 nucleotides of the l segment of tahv, comprising pre-motif a and motif a in region 3 of the rna polymerase gene. | 2008 | 18351450 |
| nucleotide variability of toscana virus m segment in strains isolated from clinical cases. | toscana virus (tosv), a member of the bunyaviridae family, is an important etiologic agent of neurologic infection transmissible to humans by bites of the phlebotomus spp. in consideration of the variations in the antigenic properties of bunyaviruses and their potential genetic variability, we analysed a large region (2500nt) of the toscana virus m segment coding for the non-structural protein (nsm) and the g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins in several strains isolated from patients with meningitis fro ... | 2008 | 18353481 |
| isolations of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) from field-collected mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in connecticut, usa: a ten-year analysis, 1997-2006. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis belonging to the california serogroup. it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of temperate north america. white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus are the principal amplification hosts, and boreal aedes and ochlerotatus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. a 10-year study was undertaken to identify potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of inf ... | 2008 | 18386967 |
| high rates of molecular evolution in hantaviruses. | hantaviruses are rodent-borne bunyaviruses that infect the arvicolinae, murinae, and sigmodontinae subfamilies of muridae. the rate of molecular evolution in the hantaviruses has been previously estimated at approximately 10(-7) nucleotide substitutions per site, per year (substitutions/site/year), based on the assumption of codivergence and hence shared divergence times with their rodent hosts. if substantiated, this would make the hantaviruses among the slowest evolving of all rna viruses. how ... | 2008 | 18417484 |
| potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses in portugal: species, distribution, abundance and west nile infection. | circulation of west nile virus in portugal was demonstrated by serological surveys, and the virus was isolated in 1969 from anopheles maculipennis s.l. a survey of the whole country was carried out (2001-2004) to assess the abundance of mosquito species and to screen them for arbovirus infection. a total of 770 collections yielded 32460 mosquitoes of 15 species. the regions with the highest abundance of mosquitoes were the coastal and estuarine districts of santarém, setúbal and faro. culex pipi ... | 2008 | 18455742 |
| the unique architecture of bunyamwera virus factories around the golgi complex. | viral factories are novel structures built by viruses in infected cells. during their construction organelles are recruited and build a large scaffold for viral replication and morphogenesis. we have studied how a bunyavirus uses the golgi to build the factory. with the help of confocal and 3d ultrastructural imaging together with molecular mapping in situ and in vitro we have characterized a tubular structure that harbours the viral replication complexes in a globular domain. numerous ribonucle ... | 2008 | 18547336 |
| bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by akabane virus in southern japan. | akabane virus is a member of the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae. it is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors such as culicoides biting midges and is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world. the virus is well known as a teratogenic pathogen which causes abortions, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities with arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep and goats. on the other hand, it is reported that the virus rar ... | 2008 | 18554406 |
| [isolation of influenza virus a (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus), dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus), and newcastle's disease virus (paromyxoviridae, avulavirus) on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island in the north-western area of the caspian sea]. | the paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (laridae) is located. in the past several years, expansion of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. the investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza a virus (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus) subtype h13n1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of dhori vir ... | 2008 | 18590134 |
| analyses of patois group bunyaviruses: evidence for naturally occurring recombinant bunyaviruses and existence of immune precipitable and nonprecipitable nonvirion proteins induced in bunyavirus-infected cells. | shark river (sr) and pahayokee (pah) bunyaviruses (patois serogroup, bunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae) have almost identical l and s rna oligonucleotide fingerprints, but m rna fingerprints that are different, suggesting that the two viruses may represent naturally occurring reassortant viruses. these observations are in agreement with serological studies (b. n. fields, b. e. henderson, p. h. coleman, and t. h. work, 1969, amer. j. epidemiol., 89, 222-226) which have distinguished these two ... | 1981 | 18635048 |
| antiviral activity of type i interferons and interleukins 29 and 28a (type iii interferons) against apeu virus. | interferons (ifns) are cytokines with important immunomodulatory activity in vertebrates. although type i ifns and interleukins (il) 29 and 28a (type iii ifns) bind to different cellular receptors and have distinct structures, most of their biological activities are redundant. apeu virus (apeuv) is a member of the bunyaviridae family isolated from the brazilian rain forest. in this paper we evaluated the antiviral activity of type i and type iii ifns against apeuv. all tested ifns were able to i ... | 2008 | 18657576 |
| three-dimensional organization of rift valley fever virus revealed by cryoelectron tomography. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a member of the bunyaviridae virus family (genus phlebovirus) and is considered to be one of the most important pathogens in africa, causing viral zoonoses in livestock and humans. here, we report the characterization of the three-dimensional structural organization of rvfv vaccine strain mp-12 by cryoelectron tomography. vitrified-hydrated virions were found to be spherical, with an average diameter of 100 nm. the virus glycoproteins formed cylindrical hollow s ... | 2008 | 18715915 |
| antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy's current antiviral agents factfile 2008 (2nd edition): rna viruses. | among the rna viruses, other than the retroviruses (that is, hiv), which are dealt with separately in the current factfile, the most important targets for the development of antiviral agents at the moment are the orthomyxoviruses (that is, influenza), the hepaciviruses (that is, hepatitis c virus [hcv]) and, to a lesser extent, the picornaviruses. although the uncoating inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine were the first known inhibitors of influenza a, the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, ... | 2008 | 18727441 |
| [serological monitoring of arbovirus infections in the estuary of the kuban river (the 2006-2007 data)]. | solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, neutralization test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test were used to study the sera from human beings (152 samples), agricultural animals (n = 77), hares (n = 3), and wild birds (n = 69), collected in 2006-2007 in the kuban river estuary (temryuk district, krasnodar territory). there were specific antibodies against viruses of west nile (wh), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) (flaviviridae, flavivirus), sindbis (togaviridae, alphavirus), the antigenic complex of ... | 2008 | 18756814 |
| phylogenetic relationships among orthobunyaviruses isolated from mosquitoes captured in peru. | the orthobunyavirus genus of the family bunyaviridae is comprised of over 220 extremely diverse viral species. members of this genus are often associated with acute febrile illness in animals and humans. as part of a longterm study of the ecology of arboviruses in the amazon basin of peru, we have isolated over 60 orthobunyaviruses from mosquitoes. the identification of many of these isolates by fluorescent antibody assay has been confounded by the lack of specificity of many available reagents. ... | 2008 | 18759638 |
| [neglected arthropod-borne viral infections in the czech republic]. | central european encephalitis is the most common arthropod-borne virus disease in the czech republic, with the mean annual incidence of 6 cases per 100 000 population. however, seven less known arboviruses (flavivirus west nile, bunyavirus tahyna, bunyavirus batai, bunyavirus sedlec, bunyavirus lednice, orbivirus tribee, uukuvirus uukuniemi) also circulate in this country, of which west nile, tahyna, tribec and possibly batai have been reported to cause human disease. moreover, antibodies agains ... | 2008 | 18767374 |
| role of the nss protein in the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses. | the family bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: orthobunyavirus, hantavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus and tospovirus. the orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self-limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. the viruses have a tripartite, negative-sense rna genome. analyses of viruses in four serogroups (bunyamwera ... | 2009 | 18771514 |
| molecular characterization of medically important viruses of the genus orthobunyavirus. | we have characterized the full-length s segment rna sequences of five human pathogens of the virus family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus. s segment sequences of fort sherman, shokwe and xingu viruses of the bunyamwera serogroup, as well as those of bwamba and pongola viruses of the bwamba serogroup, are described. s segment sequences of bwamba and pongola viruses represent the first nucleotide sequences characterized for viruses of the bwamba serogroup. the described molecular and phylogene ... | 2008 | 18796727 |
| oropouche virus entry into hela cells involves clathrin and requires endosomal acidification. | oropouche virus (oro), family bunyaviridae, is the second most frequent cause of arboviral febrile illness in brazil. studies were conducted to understand oro entry in hela cells. chlorpromazine inhibited early steps of oro replication cycle, consistent with entry/uncoating. the data indicate that oro enters hela cells by clathrin-coated vesicles, by a mechanism susceptible to endosomal acidification inhibitors. transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicated that oro associate ... | 2008 | 18840482 |
| molecular characterization of umbre virus (bunyaviridae). | umbre (umb) virus was first isolated from india in 1955 and classified as orthobunyavirus (turlock serogroup). eight isolates of this virus, isolated from culex mosquitoes were characterized on the basis of partial glycoprotein (g2) gene. twenty-six percent differences at nucleotide level while 17% differences at amino acid level were noted within different isolates. phylogentic data shows that this virus represents a distinct group within the genus orthobunyavirus. | 2008 | 18842123 |
| first detection of human infection by cache valley and kairi viruses (orthobunyavirus) in argentina. | human sera samples from córdoba province, argentina were analyzed by reduction neutralization test for cache valley (cvv) and kairi (kriv) viruses. a 5.72% (27/472) prevalence of neutralizing antibodies for cvv and 5.92% (31/524) for kriv was detected in córdoba city, whereas the prevalences in jesús maría and colonia caroya suburban cities was 7.83% (13/166) and 5.42% (9/166) for cvv and kriv, respectively. the neutralizing antibody titers ranged between 1/20 and >or=1/160. our results report t ... | 2009 | 18930511 |
| serological survey of domestic animals for tick-borne encephalitis and bhanja viruses in northeastern hungary. | blood sera collected from 400 domestic animals (260 cattle, 100 merino sheep, and 40 hutzul horses) in northeastern hungary in 2005 were examined for antibodies against two tick-borne viruses, tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus (tbev) and bhanja bunyavirus (bhav). using elisa as screening test and plaque-reduction neutralization as confirmatory test, seropositivity to tbev was found to be 26.5% in cattle, 7.0% in sheep, and 0.0% in horses. among cattle, the animals up to 3 years old had signific ... | 2009 | 19036537 |
| serosurveillance for japanese encephalitis, akabane, and aino viruses for thoroughbred horses in korea. | recent global warming trends may have a significant impact on vector-borne viral diseases, possibly affecting vector population dynamics and disease transmission. this study measured levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies against japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and neutralizing antibodies against akabane virus (akav) and aino virus (ainv) for thoroughbred horses in korea. blood samples were collected from 989 racehorses in several provinces, between october 2005 and march 2007. ... | 2008 | 19043313 |
| genetic characterization of orthobunyavirus melao, strains be ar633512 and be ar8033, and experimental infection in golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). | melao virus (melv) strains be ar8033 and be ar633512 were isolated from pools of ochlerotatus scapularis mosquitoes in belém, pará state (1955), and alta floresta, rondônia state (2000), brazil, respectively. the aim of the present study was to molecularly characterize these strains and to describe the histopathological, biochemical and immunological changes in golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) following intraperitoneal injection of melv strains. hamsters were susceptible to both of the mel ... | 2009 | 19088293 |
| oropouche fever epidemic in northern brazil: epidemiology and molecular characterization of isolates. | oropouche fever virus is an important arbovirus associated with febrile disease that re-emerged in 2006 in several municipalities of pará state, bragantina region, amazon, brazil, 26 years after the last epidemic. | 2009 | 19117799 |
| mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors. | the traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. however, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on bio ... | 2009 | 19141420 |
| generation and analysis of recombinant bunyamwera orthobunyaviruses expressing v5 epitope-tagged l proteins. | the l protein of bunyamwera virus (bunv; family bunyaviridae) is an rna-dependent rna polymerase, 2238 aa in length, that catalyses transcription and replication of the negative-sense, tripartite rna genome. to learn more about the molecular interactions of the l protein and to monitor its intracellular distribution we inserted a 14 aa v5 epitope derived from parainfluenza virus type 5, against which high-affinity antibodies are available, into different regions of the protein. insertion of the ... | 2009 | 19141438 |
| detection of rna from a novel west nile-like virus and high prevalence of an insect-specific flavivirus in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | as part of our ongoing surveillance efforts for west nile virus (wnv) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico, 96,687 mosquitoes collected from january through december 2007 were assayed by virus isolation in mammalian cells. three mosquito pools caused cytopathic effect. two isolates were orthobunyaviruses (cache valley virus and kairi virus) and the identity of the third infectious agent was not determined. a subset of mosquitoes was also tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (r ... | 2009 | 19141845 |
| possible congenital infection with la crosse encephalitis virus--west virginia, 2006-2007. | la crosse encephalitis virus (lacv) is a mosquitoborne bunyavirus of the california encephalitis serogroup. during 2003--2007, west virginia had the greatest number of cases (95) and highest incidence of lacv disease (5.1 cases per 100,000 population) of any state.* the majority of persons infected with lacv either have no symptoms or a mild febrile illness; a limited number experience encephalitis. although only 1%--4% of those infected with lacv develop any symptoms, children aged <16 years ar ... | 2009 | 19145220 |
| efficient production of rift valley fever virus-like particles: the antiviral protein mxa can inhibit primary transcription of bunyaviruses. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a highly pathogenic member of the family bunyaviridae that needs to be handled under biosafety level (bsl) 3 conditions. here, we describe reverse genetics systems to measure rvfv polymerase activity in mammalian cells and to generate virus-like particles (vlps). recombinant polymerase (l) and nucleocapsid protein (n), expressed together with a minireplicon rna, formed transcriptionally active nucleocapsids. these could be packaged into vlps by additional expres ... | 2009 | 19155037 |
| vaccination with virus-like particles protects mice from lethal infection of rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) regularly accounts for severe and often lethal outbreaks among livestock and humans in africa. safe and effective veterinarian and human vaccines are highly needed. we present evidence that administration of rvf virus-like particles (vlps) induces protective immunity in mice. in an accompanying paper, (habjan, m., penski, n., wagner, v., spiegel, m., overby, a.k., kochs, g., huiskonen, j., weber, f., 2009. efficient production of rift valley fever virus-like partic ... | 2009 | 19157482 |
| encephalomyelitis of cattle caused by akabane virus in southern japan in 2006. | six calves, aged between 55 days and 15 months, were presented between september and november 2006 with neurological signs including limb weakness and circling. microscopical examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed the presence of non-suppurative encephalitis in all animals. perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and macrophages and diffuse gliosis was prominent in the cerebrum and degeneration and/or necrosis of neurons with vacuolation of the neuropil was present in the brainstem. neuro ... | 2009 | 19162275 |
| investigating the specificity and stoichiometry of rna binding by the nucleocapsid protein of bunyamwera virus. | bunyamwera virus (bunv) is the prototypic member of both the orthobunyavirus genus and the bunyaviridae family of negative stranded rna viruses. in common with all negative stranded rna viruses, the bunv genomic and anti-genomic strands are not naked rnas, but instead are encapsidated along their entire lengths with the virus-encoded nucleocapsid (n) protein to form a ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex. this association is critical for the negative strand rna virus life cycle because only rnps are ... | 2009 | 19168749 |
| an alphavirus replicon-derived candidate vaccine against rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-transmitted bunyavirus (genus phlebovirus) associated with severe disease in livestock and fatal encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in a proportion of infected humans. although live attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been used in livestock, and on a limited scale in humans, there is a need for improved anti-rvfv vaccines. towards this goal, sindbis virus replicon vectors expressing the rvfv gn and gc glycoproteins, as well as the non-structural ... | 2009 | 19171081 |
| sporadic oropouche virus infection, acre, brazil. | | 2009 | 19193295 |
| bunyamwera orthobunyavirus s-segment untranslated regions mediate poly(a) tail-independent translation. | the mrnas of bunyamwera virus (bunv), the prototype of the bunyaviridae family, possess a 5' cap structure but lack a 3' poly(a) tail, a common feature of eukaryotic mrnas that greatly enhances translation efficiency. viral mrnas also contain untranslated regions (utrs) that flank the coding sequence. using model virus-like mrnas that harbor the renilla luciferase reporter gene, we found that the 3' utr of the bunv small-segment mrna mediated efficient translation in the absence of a poly(a) tai ... | 2009 | 19193790 |
| nss protein of rift valley fever virus induces the specific degradation of the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) continues to cause large outbreaks of acute febrile and often fatal illness among humans and domesticated animals in africa, saudi arabia, and yemen. the high pathogenicity of this bunyavirus is mainly due to the viral protein nss, which was shown to prevent transcriptional induction of the antivirally active type i interferons (alpha/beta interferon [ifn-alpha/beta]). viruses lacking the nss gene induce synthesis of ifns and are therefore attenuated, whereas the n ... | 2009 | 19211744 |
| a multipartite single-stranded negative-sense rna virus is the putative agent of fig mosaic disease. | several dsrna bands (approx. 0.6-7 kbp in size) were recovered from tissues of mosaic-diseased fig seedlings which contained the enveloped round structures known as double membrane bodies (dmbs). blast analysis of a 4353 and a 1120 nt sequence from the two largest rna segments showed homology with the polymerase and the putative glycoprotein precursor genes of negative-sense single-stranded rna viruses of the family bunyaviridae. negative- and positive-sense riboprobes designed from both rna seg ... | 2009 | 19264612 |
| sandfly - pappataci fever in bosnia and herzegovina: the new-old disease. | sandfly fever viruses (sfv) are endemic in the mediterranean, middle east, northern african and western asian countries. toscana virus (tosv), serotype of sandfly fever naples virus, is among of the three most prevalent viruses associated with meningitis during the warm seasons in northern mediterranean countries. the historical data of the sandfly fever (pappataci fever) indicates its origin in bosnia and herzegovina at the end of 19th century. there is a long period of time for which there are ... | 2009 | 19284393 |
| single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv; bunyaviridae; phlebovirus) is an emerging human and veterinary pathogen causing acute hepatitis in ruminants and has the potential to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans. we report a three-dimensional reconstruction of rvfv vaccine strain mp-12 (rvfv mp-12) by cryo-electron microcopy using icosahedral symmetry of individual virions. although the genomic core of rvfv mp-12 is apparently poorly ordered, the glycoproteins on the virus surface are highly symmetric and ar ... | 2009 | 19304307 |
| bunyavirus n: eif4f surrogate and cap-guardian. | hantaviruses comprise a genus of the bunyavirus family of viruses. viruses of this family, along with the arenaviruses, and the orthomyxoviruses, including influenza, contain a negative sense, segmented rna genome. viral nucleocapsid proteins play a well-established role in the formation of intracellular and virion-associated nucleocapsids that harbor and shield viral genomic rna. however, recent observations indicate that hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) has additional unexpected biological ... | 2009 | 19342890 |
| t-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of rna viral infections. | a series of pyrazinecarboxamide derivatives t-705 (favipiravir), t-1105 and t-1106 were discovered to be candidate antiviral drugs. these compounds have demonstrated good activity in treating viral infections in laboratory animals caused by various rna viruses, including influenza virus, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, west nile virus (wnv), yellow fever virus (yfv), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). treatment has in some cases been effective when initiated up to 5-7 days after virus infectio ... | 2009 | 19428599 |
| viruses in the anopheles a, anopheles b, and tete serogroups in the orthobunyavirus genus (family bunyaviridae) do not encode an nss protein. | viruses in the genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae, have a genome comprising three segments (called l, m, and s) of negative-sense rna. serological studies have classified the >170 named virus isolates into 18 serogroups, with a few additional as yet ungrouped viruses. until now, molecular studies and full-length s-segment nucleotide sequences were available for representatives of eight serogroups; in all cases, the s segment encodes two proteins, n (nucleocapsid) and nss (nonstructural), ... | 2009 | 19439468 |
| surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in alberta using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with generic primers. | mosquitoes collected during 2003, 2004, and 2005 in alberta, canada, were screened for the presence of a wide range of arboviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). nucleic acid extracts from mosquito slurries were amplified using universal primers designed to detect viruses belonging to the flavivirus genus of the flaviviridae family and california and bunyamwera serogroups of the bunyavirus genus within the bunyaviridae family. species-specific detection of western e ... | 2009 | 19496438 |
| infection by bunyamwera virus (orthobunyavirus) in free ranging birds of cordoba city (argentina). | infection by bunyamwera virus (bunv) species (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) has been detected in ewes, goats, cows, horses and humans all the way through america. however, there are no evidences of such infection in birds. to detect bunv (cbaar-426) infection in free ranging birds, a serological survey was carried out in córdoba city between 2004 and 2005. birds of 13 families presented neutralizing antibodies against bunv (cbaar-426), showing an increase in the seroprevalence from ... | 2009 | 19501478 |
| serological examination of songbirds (passeriformes) for mosquito-borne viruses sindbis, tahyna, and batai in a south moravian wetland (czech republic). | a total of 178 free-living birds of 14 species of 7 families of passeriformes sampled in a freshwater reedswamp habitat in southern moravia in july 2006 were examined for hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to alphavirus sindbis (sinv), and bunyaviruses tahyna (tahv) and batai (batv). hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody was detected against all three viruses, but at different frequencies: sinv 0.7%, tahv 14.0%, and batv 6.8%. the survey indicates circulation of mosquito-borne viruses ta ... | 2009 | 19534626 |
| consensus amplification and novel multiplex sequencing method for s segment species identification of 47 viruses of the orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus, and nairovirus genera of the family bunyaviridae. | a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was designed, according to previously determined and newly derived genetic data, to target s genomic segments of 47 viruses, including 29 arthropod-borne human pathogens, of the family bunyaviridae. the analytical sensitivity of the presented assay was evaluated through its application to rnas extracted from quantitated dilutions of bunyaviruses of interest. additionally, the assay's analytical specificity was determined through the evaluation of rnas e ... | 2009 | 19535518 |
| functional analysis of the bunyamwera orthobunyavirus gc glycoprotein. | the virion glycoproteins gn and gc of bunyamwera orthobunyavirus (family bunyaviridae) are encoded by the m rna genome segment and have roles in both viral attachment and membrane fusion. to investigate further the structure and function of the gc protein in viral replication, we generated 12 mutants that contain truncations from the n terminus. the effects of these deletions were analysed with regard to golgi targeting, low ph-dependent membrane fusion, infectious virus-like particle (vlp) form ... | 2009 | 19570952 |
| temporal and geographic evidence for evolution of sin nombre virus using molecular analyses of viral rna from colorado, new mexico and montana. | all viruses in the family bunyaviridae possess a tripartite genome, consisting of a small, a medium, and a large rna segment. bunyaviruses therefore possess considerable evolutionary potential, attributable to both intramolecular changes and to genome segment reassortment. hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) are known to cause human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. the primary reservoir host of sin nombre virus is the deer mouse (peromyscus ... | 2009 | 19602267 |
| bunyaviruses and climate change. | it is generally accepted that the planet is undergoing climatic changes, and 'climate change' has become the scapegoat for many catastrophes, including infectious disease outbreaks, as acknowledged by randolph and ergonul, who state 'climate change is the current ubiquitous explanation for increased incidence of infections of many sorts' (future virology 2008; 3: 303-306). however, as these authors argue, this is a highly simplistic view and, indeed, there is a complex network of factors that ar ... | 2009 | 19604275 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of the small and medium rna genome segments of kairi virus (family bunyaviridae). | we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) rna genome segments of a kairi virus (kriv) isolate from the yucatan peninsula of mexico. the s segment consists of 992 nucleotides, and the m segment consists of 4,619 nucleotides. phylogenetic analyses were conducted on each genomic segment, and these data are discussed. a 526 nucleotide region of the large (l) segment was also sequenced. this is the first study to present sequence and phylogenetic data for a kriv ... | 2009 | 19649762 |
| duration of maternally derived antibodies against akabane virus in calves: survival analysis. | to prevent encephalomyelitis caused by akabane virus, as observed in 2006, vaccination of calves is one of the most effective prophylactic measures. for vaccination of calves, the duration of the maternal antibodies need to be considered because these antibodies are an obstacle to the effectiveness of the vaccine. in order to estimate the age of antibody decay in calves and to find factors influencing the duration of passive immunity, we conducted survival analysis using data from nationwide sen ... | 2009 | 19652478 |
| mutational analysis of the bunyamwera orthobunyavirus nucleocapsid protein gene. | the bunyavirus nucleocapsid protein, n, is a multifunctional protein that encapsidates each of the three negative-sense genome segments to form ribonucleoprotein complexes that are the functional templates for viral transcription and replication. in addition, n protein molecules interact with themselves to form oligomers, with the viral l (rna polymerase) protein, with the carboxy-terminal regions of either or both of the virion glycoproteins, and probably also with host cell proteins. bunyamwer ... | 2009 | 19710139 |
| genetic analysis of akabane virus isolates from cattle in korea. | bayesian inference (bi) and neighbor joining (nj) analyses of the phylogenetic relationships between the nucleotide sequences of the n gene of akabane virus revealed an unclear topology among genogroups i-iii, which was probably caused by genetic reassortment or recombination between these genogroups. in contrast, nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic tree analyses of the m rna segment agreed with the topologies obtained by using the bi and nj methods. therefore, distinct genogrouping of akaban ... | 2010 | 19733454 |
| the interferon response circuit in antiviral host defense. | viruses have learned to multiply in the face of a powerful innate and adaptive immune response of the host. they have evolved multiple strategies to evade the interferon (ifn) system which would otherwise limit virus growth at an early stage of infection. ifns induce the synthesis of a range of antiviral proteins which serve as cell-autonomous intrinsic restriction factors. for example, the dynamin-like mxa gtpase inhibits the multiplication of influenza and bunyaviruses (such as la crosse virus ... | 2009 | 19739399 |
| tensaw virus genome sequence and its relation to other bunyaviridae. | tensaw virus (tsv) belongs to the genus orthobunyavirus within the bunyaviridae family. although tsv does not cause hemorrhagic fever as some other members of its family, serological studies have shown that serum from florida residents react against tsv indicating viral infection in humans. in this study, the three rna genome segments of a tsv isolated from anopheles crucians mosquitoes collected in north central florida in 2006 and a tsv isolate obtained from the cdc, fort collins, were sequenc ... | 2009 | 19760176 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of four rna segments of fig mosaic virus. | the complete sequence of four viral rna segments of fig mosaic virus (fmv) was determined. each of the four rnas comprises a single open reading frame (orf) 7,093, 2,252, 1,490 and 1,472 nucleotides in size, respectively. these orfs encode the following proteins in the order: rna-dependent rna polymerase (p1 264 kda), a putative glycoprotein (p2 73 kda), a putative nucleocapsid protein (p3 35 kda) and a protein with unknown function (p4 40.5 kda). all rna segments possess untranslated regions co ... | 2009 | 19777155 |
| a serosurvey reveals bosnia and herzegovina as a europe's hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence. | the extent of hantavirus seroprevalence in the healthy population from bosnia and herzegovina has not yet been investigated; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hantavirus seroprevalence in the population from different regions of bosnia and herzegovina and in different risk groups. the serosurvey included 1331 subjects from endemic and non-endemic regions in bosnia and herzegovina. all sera samples were examined using igg elisa, and western blot (bunyavirus igg) tests. hantavirus ... | 2010 | 19951455 |
| arrival and establishment of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. | the arrival and establishment of aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) in iowa are reported. in total, 518 wild adult specimens were collected through the statewide mosquito and mosquito-borne virus surveillance program in 2007 and 2008. specimens were collected with new jersey light traps, co2-baited cdc light traps, grass infusion-baited gravid traps, and mosquito magnet traps located in 12 counties in central and eastern iowa specimens were identified morphologic ... | 2009 | 19960671 |
| apoptosis induced by oropouche virus infection in hela cells is dependent on virus protein expression. | oropouche (orov) is a single-stranded rna arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus, which has caused over half a million cases of febrile illness in brazil in the past 30 years. orov fever has been registered almost exclusively in the amazon region, but global warming, deforestation and redistribution of vectors and animal reservoirs increases the risk of oropouche virus emergence in other areas. orov causes a cytolytical infection in cultured cells with characteristic cytopat ... | 2010 | 20080135 |
| nucleotide variability of tahyna virus (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) small (s) and medium (m) genomic segments in field strains differing in biological properties. | tahyna virus (tahv), a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (california group), is frequently associated with inapparent or influenza-like (valtice fever) infections in humans, rarely leading to atypical pneumonia or meningitis. field tahv strains exhibit a high variability in their biological properties with respect to virulence for laboratory mouse, temperature-sensitivity or character of plaques in cell culture. in consideration of the variations in the antigenic properties tahv and its potential geneti ... | 2010 | 20093153 |
| a broad-spectrum antiviral targeting entry of enveloped viruses. | we describe an antiviral small molecule, lj001, effective against numerous enveloped viruses including influenza a, filoviruses, poxviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, and hiv-1. in sharp contrast, the compound had no effect on the infection of nonenveloped viruses. in vitro and in vivo assays showed no overt toxicity. lj001 specifically intercalated into viral membranes, irreversibly inactivated virions while leaving functionally intact envelope proteins, and inh ... | 2010 | 20133606 |
| experimental infections of oryzomys couesi with sympatric arboviruses from mexico. | coues rice rat (oryzomys couesi), a species abundant throughout central america, was evaluated experimentally for the ability to serve as an amplifying host for three arboviruses: patois (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus), nepuyo (orthobunyavirus), and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype id (togaviridae, alphavirus). these three viruses have similar ecologies and are known to co-circulate in nature. animals from all three cohorts survived infection and developed viremia with no apparent si ... | 2010 | 20134016 |
| detection of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico in 2008. | a total of 191,244 mosquitoes from 24 species were collected in the yucatan peninsula of mexico from january to december 2008, and tested for the presence of cytopathic virus by virus isolation in vero cells. eighteen virus isolates were obtained, all of which were orthobunyaviruses. these were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nucleotide sequencing as cache valley virus (n=17) and south river virus (n=1). a subset (n=20,124) of culex quinquefasciatus col ... | 2010 | 20370430 |
| molecular identification of host feeding patterns of snow-melt mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae): potential implications for the transmission ecology of jamestown canyon virus. | we collected blood-fed, snow-melt mosquitoes (culicidae: culiseta and aedes) to describe the feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors of jamestown canyon virus (jcv, bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus). jcv is an arthropod-borne, zoonotic virus with deer as the primary amplifying host in western alpine ecosystems. we collected mosquitoes from natural resting areas, fiber pots, and carbon-dioxide baited miniature light traps in the colorado rocky mountains in 2007. we conducted two polymerase ch ... | 2010 | 20380304 |
| unpaired 5' ppp-nucleotides, as found in arenavirus double-stranded rna panhandles, are not recognized by rig-i. | arenavirus and bunyavirus rna genomes are unusual in that they are found in circular nucleocapsids, presumably due to the annealing of their complementary terminal sequences. moreover, arenavirus genome synthesis initiates with gtp at position +2 of the template rather than at the precise 3' end (position +1). after formation of a dinucleotide, 5' pppgpc(oh) is then realigned on the template before this primer is extended. the net result of this "prime and realign" mechanism of genome initiation ... | 2010 | 20400512 |
| the n-terminus of bunyamwera orthobunyavirus nss protein is essential for interferon antagonism. | bunyamwera virus nss protein is involved in the inhibition of cellular transcription and the interferon (ifn) response, and it interacts with the med8 component of mediator. a spontaneous mutant of a recombinant nss-deleted bunyamwera virus (rbundelnss2) was identified and characterized. this mutant virus, termed mbunnss22, expresses a 21 aa n-terminally truncated form of nss. like rbundelnss2, mbunnss22 is attenuated in ifn-deficient cells, and to a greater extent in ifn-competent cells. both r ... | 2010 | 20427562 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) surveillance for arboviruses in an area endemic for west nile (lineage rabensburg) and tahyna viruses in central europe. | six viral isolates were obtained from 23,243 female mosquitoes (examined in 513 pools) belonging to 16 species and collected along the lower reaches of the dyje river in south moravia (czech republic, central europe) during 2006-2008: five isolates of orthobunyavirus tahyna (tahv, california group, family bunyaviridae: three isolations from aedes vexans (meigen), one from ae. sticticus (meigen), one from culex modestus ficalbi); and one isolation of flavivirus west nile (wnv, japanese encephalit ... | 2010 | 20496595 |
| dynamin-like mxa gtpase: structural insights into oligomerization and implications for antiviral activity. | the interferon-inducible mxa gtpase is a key mediator of cell-autonomous innate immunity against a broad range of viruses such as influenza and bunyaviruses. mxa shares a similar domain structure with the dynamin superfamily of mechanochemical enzymes, including an n-terminal gtpase domain, a central middle domain, and a c-terminal gtpase effector domain. recently, crystal structures of a gtpase domain dimer of dynamin 1 and of the oligomerized stalk of mxa (built by the middle and gtpase effect ... | 2010 | 20538602 |
| entry of bunyaviruses into mammalian cells. | the bunyaviridae constitute a large family of enveloped animal viruses, many members of which cause serious diseases. however, early bunyavirus-host cell interactions and entry mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. investigating uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus of the genus phlebovirus, we found that virus attachment to the cell surface was specific but inefficient, with 25% of bound viruses being endocytosed within 10 min, mainly via noncoated vesicles. the viruses entered rab5a+ early endoso ... | 2010 | 20542252 |
| visualizing the replication cycle of bunyamwera orthobunyavirus expressing fluorescent protein-tagged gc glycoprotein. | the virion glycoproteins gn and gc of bunyamwera virus (bunv), the prototype of the bunyaviridae family and also of the orthobunyavirus genus, are encoded by the medium (m) rna genome segment and are involved in both viral attachment and entry. after their synthesis gn and gc form a heterodimer in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and transit to the golgi compartment for virus assembly. the n-terminal half of the gc ectodomain was previously shown to be dispensable for virus replication in cell cul ... | 2010 | 20573824 |
| genetic characterization of aino and peaton virus field isolates reveals a genetic reassortment between these viruses in nature. | sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using the s, m and l rna segments of the 10 aino, 6 peaton and 1 sango virus (ainov, peav and sanv) field isolates of the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae, respectively. the japanese ainov strains were genetically stable, but the sequence differences between the japanese and australian ainov strains were considerably larger than those among the japanese ainov strains. a similar result was found in the genetic relatio ... | 2010 | 20600386 |
| detection of saint louis encephalitis virus in dengue-suspected cases during a dengue 3 outbreak. | arboviruses are frequently associated with outbreaks in humans and represent a serious public health problem. among the brazilian arboviruses, mayaro virus, dengue virus (denv), yellow fever virus, rocio virus, saint louis encephalitis virus (slev), and oropouche virus are responsible for most of human cases. all these arboviruses usually produce undistinguishable acute febrile illness, especially in the acute phase of infection. in this study we investigated the presence of arboviruses in sera ... | 2011 | 20645866 |
| la crosse virus neuroinvasive disease - missouri, 2009. | la crosse virus (lacv), a california serogroup bunyavirus, is a leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the united states and is transmitted primarily by the eastern treehole mosquito (aedes triseriatus). on august 7, 2009, the missouri department of health and senior services (mdhss) was notified of suspected lacv neuroinvasive disease in a boy aged 8 years from northwest missouri. laboratory testing at cdc confirmed lacv infection. an environmental inspection identified multiple v ... | 2010 | 20651642 |
| oligomerization of uukuniemi virus nucleocapsid protein. | uukuniemi virus (uukv) belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae. as a non-pathogenic virus for humans uukv has served as a safe model bunyavirus in a number of studies addressing fundamental questions such as organization and regulation of viral genes, genome replication, structure and assembly. the present study is focused on the oligomerization of the uukv nucleocapsid (n) protein, which plays an important role in several steps of virus replication. the aim was to locate the ... | 2010 | 20698970 |
| arboviral etiologies of acute febrile illnesses in western south america, 2000-2007. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are among the most common agents of human febrile illness worldwide and the most important emerging pathogens, causing multiple notable epidemics of human disease over recent decades. despite the public health relevance, little is know about the geographic distribution, relative impact, and risk factors for arbovirus infection in many regions of the world. our objectives were to describe the arboviruses associated with acute undifferentiated febrile illness ... | 2010 | 20706628 |
| oropouche virus experimental infection in the golden hamster (mesocrisetus auratus). | oropouche virus (orov), of the family bunyaviridae, is the second most frequent arbovirus causing febrile disease in brazil. in spite of this, little is known about pathogenesis of orov infection. this report describes an experimental model of orov in golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus). following subcutaneous inoculation of orov, over 50% of the animals developed disease characterized by lethargy, ruffled fur, shivering, paralysis, and approximately one third died. animals were sacrificed on ... | 2011 | 20727376 |
| guaroa virus infection among humans in bolivia and peru. | guaroa virus (grov) was first isolated from humans in colombia in 1959. subsequent isolates of the virus have been recovered from febrile patients and mosquitoes in brazil, colombia, and panama; however, association of the virus with human disease has been unclear. as part of a study on the etiology of febrile illnesses in peru and bolivia, 14 grov strains were isolated from patients with febrile illnesses, and 3 additional cases were confirmed by igm seroconversion. the prevalence rate of grov ... | 2010 | 20810845 |
| bunyaviridae rna polymerases (l-protein) have an n-terminal, influenza-like endonuclease domain, essential for viral cap-dependent transcription. | bunyaviruses are a large family of segmented rna viruses which, like influenza virus, use a cap-snatching mechanism for transcription whereby short capped primers derived by endonucleolytic cleavage of host mrnas are used by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (l-protein) to transcribe viral mrnas. it was recently shown that the cap-snatching endonuclease of influenza virus resides in a discrete n-terminal domain of the pa polymerase subunit. here we structurally and functionally characterize ... | 2010 | 20862319 |
| [examination of mosquitoes collected in southern moravia in 2006-2008 tested for arboviruses]. | the main goals of the study were to carry out virus isolation attempts on vero cell cultures from mosquitoes collected in southern moravia (breclav district, czech republic) and to identify the isolates using a microtiter virus neutralization test. a total of 9.742 female mosquitoes belonging to 13 species were examined, and three viral strains were isolated, all from the mosquitoes collected in 2006: two of these isolates were identified as tahyna orthobunyavirus (both obtained from aedes vexan ... | 2010 | 20925246 |
| amino acid changes within the bunyamwera virus nucleocapsid protein differentially affect the mrna transcription and rna replication activities of assembled ribonucleoprotein templates. | the genome of bunyamwera virus (bunv) comprises three rna segments that are encapsidated by the virus-encoded nucleocapsid (n) protein to form ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes. these rnps are the functional templates for rna synthesis by the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). we investigated the roles of conserved positively charged n-protein amino acids in rna binding, in oligomerization to form model rnps and in generating rnp templates active for both rna replication and mrna ... | 2010 | 20943890 |
| structural studies of hantaan virus. | hantaan virus is the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus within the family bunyaviridae and is a causative agent of the potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the bunyaviridae are a family of negative-sense rna viruses with three-part segmented genomes. virions are enveloped and decorated with spikes derived from a pair of glycoproteins (gn and gc). here, we present cryo-electron tomography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies of hantaan virus virions. we ... | 2010 | 21068243 |
| concurrent dengue and malaria in the amazon region. | the amazon region has extensive forested areas and natural ecosystems, providing favorable conditions for the existence of innumerous arboviruses. over 200 arboviruses have been isolated in brazil and about 40 are associated with human disease. four out of 40 are considered to be of public health importance in brazil: dengue viruses (1-4), oropouche, mayaro and yellow fever. along with these viruses, about 98% of the malaria cases are restricted to the legal amazon region. | 2010 | 21085859 |
| isolation and characterization of sylvatic mosquito-borne viruses in trinidad: enzootic transmission and a new potential vector of mucambo virus. | mosquito surveillance was carried out in three forested regions of trinidad during july 2007-march 2009. a total of 185,397 mosquitoes representing at least 46 species was collected, divided into pools of 1-50 mosquitoes according to species and sex, and screened for arboviruses using cytopathic effect assays on vero cell monolayers. eighty-five viruses were isolated, including members of the genera alphavirus (mucambo virus; mucv) and orthobunyavirus (caraparu, oriboca, bimiti, and wyeomyia vir ... | 2010 | 21118932 |
| mechanism of tripartite rna genome packaging in rift valley fever virus. | the bunyaviridae family includes pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. rift valley fever virus (rvfv), a member in the phlebovirus genus of the family bunyaviridae, is endemic to sub-saharan africa and causes a mosquito-borne disease in ruminants and humans. viruses in the family bunyaviridae carry a tripartite, single-stranded, negative-sense rna genome composed of l, m, and s rnas. little is known about how the three genomic rna segments are copackaged to generate infectious bunyavir ... | 2010 | 21187405 |
| validation of assays to monitor immune responses in the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus). | the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) is a valuable but under-utilized animal model for studies of human viral pathogens such as bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, henipaviruses, and sars-coronavirus. a lack of suitable reagents and specific assays for monitoring host responses has limited the use of this animal model to clinical observations, pathology and humoral immune responses. the objective of this study was to establish and validate assays to monitor host immune response ... | 2011 | 21334343 |
| arenaviruses and hantaviruses: from epidemiology and genomics to antivirals. | the arenaviruses and hantaviruses are segmented genome rna viruses that are hosted by rodents. due to their association with rodents, they are globally widespread and can infect humans via direct or indirect routes of transmission, causing considerable human morbidity and mortality. nevertheless, despite their obvious and emerging importance as pathogens, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs (except ribavirin which proved effective against lassa virus) with which to treat humans infe ... | 2011 | 21356244 |
| a natural m rna reassortant arising from two species of plant- and insect-infecting bunyaviruses and comparison of its sequence and biological properties to parental species. | reassortment allows multicomponent viruses to exchange genome segments, a process well-documented in the vertebrate- and arthropod-infecting members of the family bunyaviridae but not between distinct species of the plant- and insect-infecting members of the genus tospovirus. genome sequence comparisons of a virus causing severe tospovirus-like symptoms in florida tomato with groundnut ringspot virus (grsv) and tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) demonstrated that reassortment has occurred, with ... | 2011 | 21382631 |
| development of a flow-trough microarray based reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for the detection of european bunyaviruses. | it is suspected that apart from tick-borne encephalitis virus several additional european arboviruses such as the sandfly borne toscana virus, sandfly fever sicilian virus and sandfly fever naples virus, mosquito-borne tahyna virus, inkoo virus, batai virus and tick-borne uukuniemi virus cause aseptic meningo-encephalitis or febrile disease in europe. currently, the microarray technology is developing rapidly and there are many efforts to apply it to infectious diseases diagnostics. in order to ... | 2011 | 21390485 |
| genomic and phylogenetic characterization of leanyer virus, a novel orthobunyavirus isolated in northern australia. | leanyer virus (leav), currently classified as a member of the genus orthobunyavirus, in the family bunyaviridae, was originally isolated from a pool of anopheles meraukensis mosquitoes, collected at leanyer, northern territory, australia in 1974. when it failed to react in serological tests with antisera from other known viruses, full-length genomic sequencing was pursued to determine the relationship of leav to other orthobunyavirus species. genetic and serological characterization confirmed it ... | 2011 | 21402599 |
| fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in china. | heightened surveillance of acute febrile illness in china since 2009 has led to the identification of a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) with an unknown cause. infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum has been suggested as a cause, but the pathogen has not been detected in most patients on laboratory testing. | 2011 | 21410387 |
| truly emerging--a new disease caused by a novel virus. | | 2011 | 21410394 |
| development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic aino, akabane and chuzan viruses. | aino, akabane and chuzan viruses are arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses transmitted by blood-sucking insects like mosquitoes and culicoides biting midges. these arbovirus infections are mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital defects in pregnant cattle, sheep and goats, which induces a considerable economic loss in livestock industry. the viruses seem to be widely distributed in southeast asia and australia. as a control strategy, an inactivated trivalent vaccine against aino, aka ... | 2011 | 21411335 |
| [hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel tick-borne bunyavirus in huaiyangshan, china.] | background: from april to july in 2009 and 2010, unexplained severe hemorrhagic fever-like illnesses occurred in farmers from the huaiyangshan mountains range. methods: clinical specimens (blood, urine, feces, and throat swabs) from suspected patients were obtained and stored. mosquitoes and ticks in affected regions were collected. virus was isolated from 2 patients and characterized by whole genome sequencing. virus detection in additional patients and arthropods was done by virus-specific rev ... | 2011 | 21457654 |
| identification of a phylogenetically distinct orthobunyavirus from group c. | apeu virus (apeuv) (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) was plaque purified and characterised by serological and molecular analysis. neutralising assays confirmed cross-reactivity between purified apeuv clones and the caraparu virus complex of group c orthobunyaviruses. partial sequencing of the l, m and s segments of one apeuv clone (apeuv-cl5) was carried out. a phylogenetic tree constructed with the l amino acid sequences clustered apeuv-cl5 within the genus orthobunyavirus, confirmin ... | 2011 | 21465087 |