| determination of the orientation of an integral membrane protein and sites of glycosylation by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: influenza b virus nb glycoprotein lacks a cleavable signal sequence and has an extracellular nh2-terminal region. | the membrane orientation of the nb protein of influenza b virus, a small (mr, approximately 18,000) glycoprotein with a single internal hydrophobic domain, was investigated by biochemical and genetic means. cell fractionation and protein solubility studies indicate nb is an integral membrane protein, and nb has been shown to be a dimer under nonreducing conditions. treatment of infected-cell surfaces with proteinase k and endoglycosidase f and immunoprecipitation with a site-specific antibody su ... | 1986 | 3025652 |
| [viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in madagascan children]. | a total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the pediatric department of antananarivo general hospital from may to july 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were mor ... | 1986 | 3026268 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of split-product trivalent a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b influenza vaccines: protective efficacy. | a total of 1,995 primary school children (1,464 vaccinees and 531 non-vaccinees) were studied to evaluate the protective efficacy of tween-ether split trivalent a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b influenza vaccines by comparison of the incidence of confirmed infection in two groups during 1980 to 1984. during the study period, epidemics caused by antigenically different influenza viruses, that is a(h1n1) epidemics in 1981 and 1984, a b epidemic in 1982 and an a(h3n2) epidemic in 1983, were experienced, and ... | 1986 | 3027513 |
| efficiency of immunofluorescence for rapid detection of common respiratory viruses. | rapid immunofluorescence (fa) methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses were compared with culture results over a 3-year period to assess the relative efficiency of fa in a clinical laboratory setting. for respiratory syncytial virus, efficiencies were high (sensitivity, 90 to 95%; specificity, 92 to 95%). the sensitivity of fa for detection of parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3, influenza a virus, and adenoviruses ranged from 28 to 63%, but specificities for th ... | 1987 | 3029168 |
| early testing of cell cultures for detection of hemadsorbing viruses. | hemadsorption of primary monkey kidney cell cultures was commenced at 1 day after inoculation to evaluate how rapidly influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 could be detected by this method from respiratory specimens. overall, 38% of all isolates could be detected within 24 h of inoculation, and 69% could be detected within 48 h. all influenza a viruses and all but one influenza b virus were detected by day 3. | 1987 | 3029173 |
| serum folate in viral and mycoplasmal infections. | the concentration of serum folate in 260 patients with viral and mycoplasmal infections was determined (305 samples). in 60% the serum folate concentrations were found to be below 3 micrograms/l. the incidence of low serum folate varied slightly. according to the infections diagnosed, low values were: for influenza a 50% (50 patients), influenza b 42% (45 patients), human parvovirus 67% (76 patients), rubella 62% (13 patients), infectious mononucleosis 60% (15 patients), mycoplasma pneumoniae 73 ... | 1987 | 3033086 |
| effect of upper respiratory infection on hearing in the ferret model. | in an effort to develop an adult animal model for acquired viral-induced hearing loss, three groups of mature ferrets were inoculated intranasally with respiratory viruses (influenza a/port chalmers, influenza b/mass, and parainfluenza i), which have been implicated as causative agents in idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ishl). all ferrets challenged with influenza a/port chalmers (a/pc) exhibited clinical signs of infection, but neither of the other two groups exhibited such signs. conductive an ... | 1987 | 3039863 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b by 24-h fluorescent focus assays. | murine monoclonal antibodies directed against type-specific antigens of influenza a and b viruses have been shown to be useful diagnostic reagents for the detection of influenza viruses by immunofluorescence testing of nasopharyngeal cells. we have developed fluorescent focus assays utilizing these antibodies in cell culture chamber slides and shell vials for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b. chamber slide assays were compared with virus isolation in 160 specimens from 135 patients with ... | 1988 | 3045148 |
| laboratory and epidemiologic assessment of a recent influenza b outbreak. | a viral surveillance system in nashville detected an outbreak of influenza b that occurred between january and march 1986. paired sera from 32 individuals with culture-documented influenza b illness were tested using three serologic assays. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and plaque neutralization detected a seroresponse in 69% and 66% of these individuals, respectively. these assays were superior to hemagglutination inhibition, which detected ... | 1988 | 3049940 |
| an improved membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay for the rapid serological diagnosis of viral infections. | a one-step modification of the membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay (mf eia) (barnett et al., j. clin. microbiol., 23:385-399, 1987), for estimation of virus-specific antibody is described. the modified mf eia allowed serum, antigen and enzyme-conjugated anti-globulin to be incubated together in membrane-based 96-well plates to enable the formation of immune complexes in solution at 37 degrees c. the assay required only 45 min for completion and polyethylene glycol was shown to be an essential ... | 1988 | 3053742 |
| [identification of the hemagglutinating antigens of the influenza virus by immunoenzyme analysis]. | highly active test sera detecting the presence of virus antigen both in concentrated and purified preparations and in allantoic virus cultures directly adsorbed on the solid phase have been proposed for successful identification and detection of influenza a and b virus variants. after direct sorption of purified and concentrated virus preparations, the test sera to influenza a (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) virus detect the virus antigen in a concentration of 8 ng/ml, test sera to influenza b virus in a con ... | 1988 | 3064428 |
| [isolation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus types a and b]. | monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza type a (10f) and b (5h and 6h) viruses have been prepared. by immunoblotting method, mca 10f were found to be specific for np-protein of influenza a virus, and mca 5h and 6h to be specific for hemagglutinin of influenza b virus. it was established that the 10f clone interacted with all the investigated influenza a virus strains with different antigenic formulae (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and could be used for typing of this virus type. clones 5h and 6h react spec ... | 1988 | 3064429 |
| influenza subtype-specific iga, igm and igg responses in patients on hemodialysis after influenza vaccination. | the isotype-specific antibody response to influenza vaccination in 36 patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis was analyzed by an influenza subtype-specific immunofluorescence test. the immune response was recorded at regular intervals over five months. on the basis of fourfold igg titer rises as the classical parameter protection from infection was assumed to occur in more than 85% of healthy adults to each of the influenza antigens. in contrast, about 70% of the patients on hemodi ... | 1988 | 3065242 |
| comparison of tube cultures of madin darby canine kidney cells with shell-vial cultures after low-speed centrifugation for influenza virus isolation. | the efficacy of isolation of influenza viruses was compared in two systems--conventional tube cultures of madin darby canine kidney cells, and shell-vial cultures after low-speed centrifugation. one hundred and fifty eight throat and nasal swabs were inoculated and cultures screened by hemagglutination on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 post-inoculation. twenty-four shell-vial cultures (15.2%) and 6 tube cultures (3.8%) were positive for influenza virus type b, indicating that shell-vial cultures with low-sp ... | 1988 | 3071771 |
| [immunologic analysis of the antigenic properties of neuraminidase from drift-variants of influenza virus b]. | the antigenic features of neuraminidases of several drift variants of influenza b virus were studied by enzyme immunoassay using antiserum to influenza b/ussr/100/83 virus neuraminidase isolated by pronase. studies using immunosorption and competitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay showed the presence in the antineuraminidase serum of at least two antibody subpopulations capable to inhibiting the activity of the enzyme and interacting with neuraminidase antigenic determinants: one detecting the ... | 1988 | 3073569 |
| update: influenza activity--united states. | | 1986 | 3079875 |
| update: influenza activity--united states--and influenza type b virus drift. | | 1986 | 3080663 |
| update: influenza activity--united states. | | 1986 | 3080668 |
| update: influenza activity--worldwide. | | 1986 | 3088423 |
| influenza--united states, 1985-1986 season. | | 1986 | 3088431 |
| human interferon alpha and gamma production by lymphocytes during the generation of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | we analysed the production of interferons (ifn)-alpha and -gamma during the generation of human influenza-virus specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses using monoclonal antibodies in a specific radioimmunoassay. the results showed that the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) of all donors tested produced ifn-gamma and had influenza a virus-specific ctl activity after stimulation. the amount of ifn-gamma produced and the level of ctl activity were significantly correlated. the pbm of ... | 1986 | 3097247 |
| pitfalls of single radial immunodiffusion techniques used for the quantification of influenza haemagglutinin. | in the case of tween-ether split vaccines the quantification of haemagglutinin is not achievable by the single radial immunodiffusion test alone. aggregate formation of solubilized haemagglutinin frequently occurs when the applied detergent is removed and, therefore, a physico-chemical method including an effective disaggregation procedure like sds treatment in combination with page is recommended. | 1986 | 3104116 |
| prevention and control of influenza. | | 1987 | 3108649 |
| update on influenza activity--worldwide. | | 1987 | 3118165 |
| update: influenza activity--united states. | | 1988 | 3122012 |
| update on influenza activity--united states and worldwide, with recommendations for influenza vaccine composition for the 1988-89 season. | | 1988 | 3127677 |
| influenza--united states, 1987-88 season. | | 1988 | 3135481 |
| update: influenza--united states, 1988-89 season. | | 1988 | 3141771 |
| reassortants of influenza b viruses for use in vaccines: an evaluation. | three slightly different procedures for the preparation of influenza b virus reassortants from b/lee/40 and b/lyon/79, and b/johannesburg/58 and b/hong kong/82 parental viruses are described. following cloning procedures in eggs or allantois-on-shell cultures in the presence of antisera to b/lee or b/johannesburg, twenty-eight putative reassortants were obtained. using sds-page to determine the migration rates of virion polypeptides, eighteen isolates from mixed infections of b/lee with b/lyon, ... | 1985 | 3155942 |
| antigen-specific suppression of anti-influenza antibody production in man. possible role of a membrane-antigen complex. | e rosette-forming (e+) cells from human secondary lymphoid tissue were incubated with high dose influenza a virus (mem-bel) in an attempt to generate suppressor t cells. suppression was assayed by transferring the antigen-pulsed e+ cells into effector cultures consisting of e+ and e- cells stimulated with immunogenic amounts of either the inducing virus mem-bel) or the non-cross-reacting influenza b virus (b/hk). the transfer resulted in marked inhibition of igg, iga and igm antibody production ... | 1985 | 3156747 |
| recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee, centers for disease control. prevention and control of influenza. | these recommendations update information on the vaccine and antiviral agent available for controlling influenza during the 1988-89 influenza season (superseding mmwr 1987;36:373-380,385-387). changes include statements about 1) updating of the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine for 1988-89, 2) increased emphasis on the need for vaccination of health-care workers, 3) prevention of influenza in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and 4) dosage considerations for aman ... | 1988 | 3171036 |
| [structural dynamics of strains of a hepatitis b virus population in the ukraine and its etiological prognosis]. | changes in the population structure of influenza b virus in the ukraine since 1980 has been studied. new strains of the virus have been identified and the epidemic potentials of different strains have been compared. the data on the drift mechanism of the origin of the intermediate strains of influenza b virus have been observed. a suggestion on the etiological prognostication of the epidemic process has been made. | 1988 | 3176781 |
| [clinical picture and diagnosis of influenza]. | | 1988 | 3181466 |
| determination of antibody response to influenza virus surface glycoproteins by kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we modified an existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to be able to use new spectrophotometers which can measure the rate of color development in microtiter wells. this new kinetic-based elisa (kelisa) required only a single dilution of specimen rather than the multiple dilutions required with endpoint elisa. in addition, 10- to 100-fold-less specimen was required to perform the kelisa than the elisa. the level of serum or nasal wash antibody against surface glycoproteins of influenz ... | 1988 | 3182992 |
| epidemiologic features of influenza in a large urban centre (b.) in romania, in 1987. | the study presents the peculiarities of influenza evolution in 1987 in a large town in romania. these features were defined by a complex methodology, based on clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory investigations, used in the active control of the epidemiologic process kinetics. the influenza viruses type a (h1n1 and h3n2) had a major role in the infecting and immunizing contacts in all age groups whereas the influenza virus type b had a reduced circulation. the epidemiologic influenza impact in ... | 1988 | 3195054 |
| [surveillance of antibodies to human influenza a and b virus in swine population in different seasons in chengdu]. | | 1988 | 3198101 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of type b influenza virus neuraminidase complexed with antibody fab fragments. | fab fragments from four different monoclonal antibodies have been complexed with influenza b virus neuraminidase (b/lee/40) and the complexes have been crystallized. three of the complex crystals are, so far, not suitable for x-ray diffraction studies, but the fourth (b/lee/40 na-b1fab) forms large crystals which diffract x-rays to 3.0 a resolution. the crystals have a space group of f432, a = 441.21 a. vm calculations show that the asymmetric unit contains two monomeric complexes. | 1988 | 3201756 |
| surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in italy between 1984 and 1987. | antigenically heterogeneous strains and new variants of influenza a viruses, both a (h3n2) and (h1n1) subtypes, as well as influenza b strains were detected in italy in a period, between 1984-1987, characterized by a moderate degree of influenza activity. each year the evaluation, by srh technique, of antibodies, in the population, to currently circulating viruses, has confirmed the extent of infection and often the prevalent virus. | 1988 | 3203724 |
| evolution of influenza polymerase: nucleotide sequence of the pb2 gene of a/chile/1/83 (h1 n1). | the complete nucleotide sequence of the pb2 gene of influenza virus a/chile/1/83 (h1 n1) is presented. sequence comparison between a/chile pb2 protein and the known pb2 sequences of the influenza strains a/wsn/33 (h1 n1), a/pr/8/34 (h1 n1), a/nt/60/68 (h3 n2), a/kiev/59/79 (h1 n1), a/fpv/rostock/34 (h7 n1), and b/ann arbor/1/66 indicates extensive amino acid homology for the influenza a virus pb2 proteins. small clusters of basic amino acids are conserved in all pb2 proteins including the influe ... | 1988 | 3214273 |
| analysis of the mechanism of influenza b virus inactivation by guinea pig serum. | normal guinea pig serum lacking detectable antiviral antibody inactivated influenza b virus via the classical complement pathway. this virus inactivation appeared to result from the steric hindrance of ha activity by the association with the virus of serum proteins presumed to be complement components. trypsin digestion of the associated proteins fully restored the ha activity but not infectivity. it was found that the virus underwent minor disruption of the envelope and degradation of m1 protei ... | 1988 | 3214275 |
| [use of recombinants for preparing erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents for influenza viruses]. | | 1988 | 3218216 |
| [the epidemic spread of the influenza a and b viruses in the ussr in 1985-1986]. | the data on the spread of influenza a and b in the autumn and winter of 1985-1986 are given. three epidemics caused by all presently circulating viruses, b, a (h3n2) and a (h1n1), were registered in the ussr. of these, the greatest one was the epidemic of influenza b; morbidity rate among the adult population during this epidemic was at the level with the morbidity rate characteristic of the epidemics registered at the period of 1962-1972, and morbidity rate among children, especially school chi ... | 1988 | 3218423 |
| post-influenzal psychiatric disorder in adolescents. | the association between influenza and psychiatric disorder in adolescents was studied at a time when both were highly prevalent concurrently. first 505 secondary school pupils aged 15-18 completed questionnaires, including a symptom inventory derived from the scl-90-r. subsequently, 113 blood samples were examined for influenza antibody titers of five virus strains. statistical analysis showed that adolescents who had been ill with influenza in the previous six months had significantly more psyc ... | 1988 | 3223316 |
| [acute pneumonia complicating influenza]. | | 1988 | 3227458 |
| influenza activity--canada, 1987-88 season. | | 1988 | 3233675 |
| a summary of influenza activity in canada--1986-1987 season. | | 1988 | 3233676 |
| diurnal variation in the symptoms of colds and influenza. | the present research examined diurnal variation in the severity of symptoms of experimentally-induced colds and influenza. nasal secretion was greatest in the morning, decreased over the day, and then showed a slight increase in the late evening. colds did not change the average temperature, nor did they alter the temperature rhythm. similar, negative results were found with alertness ratings. influenza b illnesses produced an increase in nasal secretion and systemic effects. the average tempera ... | 1988 | 3233696 |
| [study of an influenza epidemic in tananarive (february 1987)]. | | 1988 | 3242424 |
| laboratory evidence of influenza in canada. | | 1988 | 3242872 |
| national advisory committee on immunization (naci). statement on influenza vaccination for the 1988-1989 season. | | 1988 | 3242878 |
| influenza b outbreak at a canadian forces base--nova scotia. | | 1988 | 3242879 |
| probable outbreak of influenza b in a nursing home--ontario. | | 1988 | 3242880 |
| influenza virus activity in canada. | | 1988 | 3242890 |
| influenza b outbreak in a home for the aged--ontario. | | 1988 | 3242892 |
| influenza b outbreak in a nursing home--alberta. | | 1988 | 3242903 |
| antigenic analysis of influenza a and b viruses. | | 1988 | 3242905 |
| [the antiviral action of a polyphenol complex isolated from the medicinal plant geranium sanguineum l. vi. reproduction of the influenza virus pretreated with the polyphenol complex]. | | 1988 | 3247856 |
| [the combined action of glycosylation inhibitors on the influenza virus in ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. | | 1988 | 3247866 |
| the effect of vitamin a on some biological properties of type b influenza virus. | | 1988 | 3250361 |
| influenza surveillance in singapore: 1972-86. | prospective laboratory surveillance of influenza viruses has been carried out since 1973 in singapore. the results indicate that antigenic shift variants caused epidemics at various times of the year over this period, whereas drift variants were associated with a regular increase in incidence during the second and fourth calendar quarters. outbreaks due to influenza a virus occurred every year and to influenza b virus at intervals of 16-24 months. between outbreaks, viruses belonging to either o ... | 1988 | 3260142 |
| laboratory evidence of influenza in canada. | | 1988 | 3266571 |
| a summary of influenza activity in canada, 1987-1988 season. | | 1988 | 3266585 |
| influenza b virus evolution: co-circulating lineages and comparison of evolutionary pattern with those of influenza a and c viruses. | sequence analyses and comparison of the genes coding for the nonstructural (ns) and hemagglutinin (ha) proteins of different influenza b viruses isolated between 1940 and 1987 reveal that the number of substitutions is not always proportional to the time between isolates. examination of 14 influenza b virus ns gene and 10 ha gene sequences by the maximum parsimony method suggested that--as with influenza c viruses--there are multiple evolutionary lineages which can coexist for considerable perio ... | 1988 | 3267218 |
| sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin of b/ann arbor/1/86, an epidemiologically significant variant of influenza b virus. | influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 is representative of antigenic variants responsible for the most important influenza epidemics during the 1985/1986 season. the nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin ha1 region and the deduced amino acid sequence are presented. compared to the previous winter's vaccine strain b/ussr/100/83, b/aa/1/86 possesses 18 amino acid substitutions and 2 amino acid insertions, 50% of which are distributed within the vicinity of the reported single immunodominant antigenic site ... | 1988 | 3267231 |
| [immunoenzyme test system based on antibody f(ab)2-fragments for detecting the np protein of the influenza virus]. | a test system has been proposed for the detection of influenza a virus np protein by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in a modified system of "double" antibodies: the primary antibodies were f(ab)2-fragments of immunoglobulin class g isolated from rabbit antiserum specific for np protein which was also used as the source of secondary antibodies. the antigen-bound antibodies were detected by protein a (from st. aureus) conjugate with horseradish peroxidase. the high specificity and sensitivity of t ... | 1988 | 3285591 |
| a placebo-controlled dose response study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a live cold-recombinant influenza b virus vaccine in healthy volunteers. | a live cold-recombinant influenza b virus vaccine (rb77) was given intranasally in a placebo-controlled, double blind study to volunteers in dosages of 10(7.9) eid50/ml, 10(7.25) eid50/ml, 10(5.7) eid50/ml. the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the vaccine were investigated. no revertant virus was found in nasal swabs taken after immunisation. local reactions were mild and showed a significant increase over the placebo only in the highest dose group. systemic reactions were not differe ... | 1988 | 3292699 |
| ribavirin small-particle-aerosol treatment of influenza b virus infection. | in a randomized double-blind trial of aerosolized ribavirin for the treatment of influenza b virus infection, no significant difference was found in the febrile course or symptom score of the ribavirin-treated versus placebo-treated patients. the apparent lack of efficacy in this study as compared with that in previous studies is unexplained. | 1988 | 3293527 |
| economical laboratory support system for influenza virus surveillance. | when increases in influenzalike illnesses were first detected during the 1984 to 1985 and 1985 to 1986 influenza seasons, throat swab specimens were mailed by physicians across the united states to one hospital laboratory, and each specimen was inoculated into a single tube of cell culture. of 165 specimens, 52 (32%) were positive for influenza a or b virus within 3 days of receipt when tested by fluorescence microscopy, permitting positive results to be received by the physicians within 1 week ... | 1987 | 3294893 |
| [the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) as an experimental model for studying viruses in respiratory tract infections. ii. influenza viruses types a and b]. | | 1987 | 3295428 |
| [detection and identification of host cell antigens in the composition of influenza b virus]. | two heterogeneous antigens, forssman antigen and an antigen similar to human group a antigen, were detected by enzyme-immunoassay in cells of normal chick embryo camn and mdck culture (dog kidney). both these antigens were associated with purified influenza b virus preparations reproduced in these cultures since the variants under study actively reacted with antibodies both to forssman antigen and to human a antigen. serological differences between the variants grown in different cell systems we ... | 1987 | 3300030 |
| [results of coded trials of the activity of the trivalent subunit influenza vaccine grippovak in moscow kindergartens in december 1983 through the 1st quarter of 1984]. | during the autumn-winter epidemic of influenza-like diseases in december, 1983--first quarter, 1984, in moscow commissioned coded observations on the effectiveness of prophylactic vaccination against influenza of 3-7-year-old children with a preparation "grippovak se-azh" were carried out in day-care centers. in the previous large-scale trials, 1981-1984, the "grippovak" had been evaluated positively as a completely harmless, serologically and immunologically active preparation reducing 3-3.5-fo ... | 1987 | 3300032 |
| infectivity of influenza b virus in cultured human muscle. | severe muscle symptoms, particularly in children, are frequently associated with influenza b virus infection. in this study we examined the effects of influenza b virus (lee strain) on cultured human muscle by light and electron microscopy (em), immunofluorescence, hemadsorption and plaque assays. muscle injury was also evaluated by the appearance of muscle-specific creatine kinase (ck) in the culture medium. by fluorescence immunocytochemistry viral antigen was demonstrated in muscle cell nucle ... | 1987 | 3300131 |
| influenza a and b virus igg and igm serology by enzyme immunoassays. | enzyme immunoassays (eia) for igg and igm antibodies against influenza a and b virus are described. one hundred and seven subjects with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection (influenza, bronchitis or pneumonia) were selected for this study during two epidemics of influenza a which occurred in finland in 1983 and 1985. paired sera and nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from all subjects. the sera were tested for influenza a and b antibodies by igg and igm eias and by complement ... | 1987 | 3301380 |
| influenza b in households: virus shedding without symptoms or antibody response. | in the fall of 1983, 53 households were enrolled in a double-blind trial of alpha 2-interferon as an intranasal spray to prevent common colds. during the winter/spring of 1984, 26 households were infected with influenza type b, as shown by isolation of the virus (19 households) and/or significant antibody titer rises (seven households). interferon did not prevent influenza b infection or modify resulting illness. of 37 persons shedding virus, 12 were asymptomatic. all were older than age 12 year ... | 1987 | 3303918 |
| efficacy of high dose-short duration ribavirin aerosol in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infected cotton rats and influenza b virus infected mice. | fifteen to 20 mg/ml ribavirin administered as a small particle aerosol for 10-18 h per day is currently the regimen generally used to treat experimental or naturally-occurring respiratory syncytial (rs) or influenza virus infections in humans. to determine if such prolonged treatment schedules could be reduced, cotton rats and mice were inoculated with rs or influenza b virus, respectively, and then treated with different concentrations of ribavirin small particle aerosols. aerosols generated fr ... | 1987 | 3304159 |
| oral ribavirin treatment of influenza a and b. | a loading dose and short-term administration of oral ribavirin significantly improved symptoms and signs of influenza type a or b infection in 25 patients. the antiviral effect was not significant. no adverse clinical effects or significant laboratory values were observed. oral treatment of patients with influenza a or b infection might be possible with ribavirin. | 1987 | 3307623 |
| [the circulation of influenza virus in human communities subjected to the action of noxious chemical substances]. | investigations were conducted during 1985 and 1986 years on the effect of some noxious chemicals on the influenza virus circulation in an industrial enterprise community. the presence of influenza virus type a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b was revealed by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells collected from nasopharynx. the kinetic of type specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies was followed monthly. chick embryos were used to isolate influenza virus strains. meaning of the results is discusse ... | 1987 | 3310379 |
| comparison of the immune response to variant influenza type b hemagglutinins expressed in vaccinia virus. | to compare the immune response induced by influenza hemagglutinin (ha) variants differing by a single amino acid, the genes for each ha variant were cloned and expressed in vaccinia virus. these variant ha genes have been previously described as being present exclusively in either egg-derived or mdck cell-derived subpopulations of influenza b/england/222/82 virus. by using this approach we were able to vaccinate animals with homogeneous preparations of these viral antigens and thus circumvent th ... | 1987 | 3318092 |
| [immunoenzyme test system based on f(ab)2-antibody fragments for demonstrating influenza virus hemagglutinin]. | | 1987 | 3318135 |
| use of single radial haemolysis for assessing antibody response to influenza virus vaccines in animals. | the value of the single radial haemolysis (srh) test as a possible replacement for the haemagglutination-inhibition (hai) test for the estimation of antibodies against influenza was assessed in three animal models. the serum antibody response was measured by both assay systems; correlation of the two tests was assessed using regression analysis. the study showed that when the response to a single immunisation was determined, the ferret model gave satisfactory correlation of srh and hai, whilst i ... | 1987 | 3323861 |
| the specificity of serum antibodies to the haemagglutinin of influenza b viruses induced by vaccination. | | 1987 | 3324992 |
| leads from the mmwr. update: prevention of haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | | 1988 | 3336191 |
| efficacy of sequential annual vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | inactivated influenza virus vaccine efficacy after annual revaccination has been reported to be less than that after first vaccination in boarding school children. we prospectively examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine in healthy 30- to 60-year-old volunteers in houston, texas, over two epidemic seasons (1983-1985) encompassing outbreaks due to influenza a (h3n2 and h1n1) and influenza b viruses. a placebo group that had never (or not in recent years) received inactivated infl ... | 1988 | 3337087 |
| immunization of elderly people with high doses of influenza vaccine. | healthy ambulatory elderly were immunized with increasing doses of the 1984-1985 influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines, split-product vaccine (spv) and whole virus vaccine (wvv), were used. three different doses, 0.5 ml (the standard volume, 1x), or 1.0 ml (2x), and 1.5 ml (3x) of each of the two vaccines were compared. the size of each of the six groups was between 23 and 26 subjects. the mean ages in each of the groups ranged from 71 to 74 years. no difference in local or system ... | 1988 | 3339228 |
| inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation by influenza b virus and salicylic acid in mice: implications for reye's syndrome. | injection of concentrated influenza b/lee/40 virus into 4-week-old balb c mice resulted in 60% inhibition of 14c-palmitate oxidation in isolated hepatic mitochondria. oral feeding of carnitine to infected mice prevented the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. high concentrations of salicylic acid given orally also inhibited 14c-palmitate oxidation. serum free fatty acid concentrations of infected mice and of those fed salicylic acid were significantly higher than in control mice. a combination o ... | 1988 | 3340286 |
| antibody response in humans to influenza virus type b host-cell-derived variants after vaccination with standard (egg-derived) vaccine or natural infection. | hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralization tests were used to determine antibody responses to egg-derived and madin-darby canine kidney (mdck)-derived influenza b virus (b/england/222/82) in paired sera from persons naturally infected with influenza b and in persons vaccinated with standard egg-derived inactivated influenza vaccine. when tested by hi, the mdck-derived antigen gave significantly higher (8- to 12-fold) geometric mean titers (gmt) in convalescent-phase sera from persons na ... | 1988 | 3343328 |
| acute respiratory illness among immunized and nonimmunized patients with high-risk factors during a split season of influenza a and b. | a prospective survey of acute respiratory illness (ri) was made among 329 vaccinated and unvaccinated ambulatory patients with high-risk factors for influenza. surveillance for virus during the influenza season revealed the predominance of influenza a and b in sequential periods. during the influenza a period, febrile ri was greatest among patients with chronic pulmonary disease; among 66 patients, vaccination significantly reduced ri. age greater than 65 y (199 patients) and heart (90 patients) ... | 1988 | 3346562 |
| influenza virus-model membrane interaction. a morphological approach using modern cryotechniques. | the membrane fusion activity of influenza virus was characterized morphologically using a model system composed of a highly purified influenza b virus suspension and ganglioside-containing zwitterionic liposomes. electron microscopical analysis was performed after a combination of fast-freezing with either freeze-fracture or freeze-substitution-thin sectioning, ensuring maximal time resolution and avoiding preparation artifacts. in a parallel fluorescence 'lipid mixing' fusion assay, influenza v ... | 1988 | 3349083 |
| sequence comparison of wild-type and cold-adapted b/ann arbor/1/66 influenza virus genes. | consensus sequences for both wt and ca b/ann arbor/1/66 viral pb2, pb1, pa, np, m, and ns genes were directly determined from vrna using a combination of chemical and chain-termination sequencing methods. there were 105 sites of difference between the wt and ca sets of these six rna genes. the differences resulted in 26 amino acid substitutions distributed over the six proteins. the sequence changes were compared to the sequences of other known influenza type b wt viruses to pinpoint those chang ... | 1988 | 3354202 |
| a mutation in the pa protein gene of cold-adapted b/ann arbor/1/66 influenza virus associated with reversion of temperature sensitivity and attenuated virulence. | reassortant sg3 inherits only the acidic polymerase (pa) protein gene from the cold-adapted b/aa/1/66 influenza virus (ca b/aa/1/66) and all remaining genes from a virulent, wild-type virus. this reassortant demonstrates attenuated virulence in ferrets and expresses a ts phenotype characteristic of the ca parent. during virulence evaluation of sg3, a virulent, non-ts revertant virus (designated sg3rfl) was isolated from the lungs of one ferret. in order to determine whether the reversion of sg3 ... | 1988 | 3354203 |
| serological examination of ige- and igg-specific antibodies to egg protein during influenza virus immunization. | the concentrations of serum ige (prist) and ige- and igg-specific antibodies to egg protein were determined in paired sera taken from students who had received influenza virus vaccine. although persons who gave a history of allergy to egg or to chicken feathers were excluded, 10-16% of vaccinees possessed higher titres of serum ige and ige-specific antibody (rast) to egg white (f1) allergen before vaccination. the titres of igg-specific antibody to egg protein (ovalbumin and ovomucoid antigens) ... | 1988 | 3356225 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analyses of two neuraminidases from influenza b virus strains b/hong kong/8/73 and b/lee/40. | crystals of neuraminidase heads from two different influenza b virus strains have been grown. neuraminidase crystals of influenza b/hong kong/8/73 were grown from solutions of potassium phosphate. the crystals are tetragonal prisms, space group i422; the axes are a = 123 a and c = 165 a. influenza b/lee/40 neuraminidase crystals were grown from solutions of polyethylene glycol 4000. the crystals are tetragonal pyramids, space group p4(1)2(1)2 or its enantiomorph p4(3)2(1)2; the axes are a = 125 ... | 1988 | 3360786 |
| the effects of experimentally induced respiratory virus infections on performance. | studies of experimentally induced respiratory infections and illnesses showed that influenza impaired performance on a visual search task but had no effect on a simple motor task, whereas colds impaired the motor task but not the search task. the effect of influenza on the search task was observed in both volunteers with significant clinical symptoms and volunteers who were shown, by virological techniques, to be infected but who had no significant clinical illness. performance was also impaired ... | 1988 | 3363045 |
| polylactosaminoglycan modification of a small integral membrane glycoprotein, influenza b virus nb. | the structure of the carbohydrate components of nb, the small integral membrane glycoprotein of influenza b virus, was investigated. the carbohydrate chains of nb are processed from the high-mannose form (nb18) to a heterogeneous form of much higher molecular weight, designated nbp. selection of this carbohydrate-containing form of nb with datura stramonium lectin, its susceptibility to digestion by endo-beta-galactosidase, and determination of the size of nbp glycopeptides by gel filtration chr ... | 1988 | 3367907 |
| intact humoral immune response in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | after influenza vaccination no statistically significant difference in antibody response was observed between patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) and healthy volunteers while a large group of hemodialysis (hd) patients was found to have a significantly lower response rate. this difference remained statistically significant when capd patients were compared to a matched hd group. as the antibody formation after influenza vaccination is a t cell-dependent phenomenon, the no ... | 1988 | 3380215 |
| antibody response of an elderly population to a supplemental dose of influenza b vaccine. | recent reports have suggested that the antibody response of elderly persons to standard doses of influenza vaccine is depressed. we examined the effect of an additional threefold dose of influenza b vaccine on the antibody response in elderly, ambulatory veterans. one hundred thirty-one male subjects aged 70 years and older were randomized to receive one of three influenza vaccine regimens: group i received standard trivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 micrograms of b/ussr/100/83 in one arm ... | 1988 | 3385111 |
| cardiac tamponade caused by influenza b. | | 1988 | 3393254 |
| adverse reactions to equine vaccinations: a preliminary survey. | | 1988 | 3394223 |
| [analysis of the associative relations of hla-antigens with the intensity of production of certain antimicrobial antibodies]. | | 1988 | 3396837 |
| influenza prevention, 1988-1989. | | 1988 | 3405128 |