| rabies virus nucleoprotein expressed in and purified from insect cells is efficacious as a vaccine. | a cdna copy of the rna gene that encodes the nucleoprotein n of rabies virus evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth strain was cloned into baculovirus. the recombinant baculovirus expressed the n protein abundantly in spodoptera frugiperda cells. the n protein was extracted from infected spodoptera frugiperda cells and purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography. the purified n protein reacted with 31 of 32 monoclonal antibodies that recognize native rabies virus ribonucleoprotein. like the ribo ... | 1991 | 2000406 |
| studies on japanese-produced chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccines. | we studied the potency, antibody response, and side reactions of commercial japanese chick embryo cell (cec) rabies vaccines for humans. the cec rabies vaccines had indexes of 10(5.1) and 10(6.0) in habel tests, and have had potencies higher than those of the international reference vaccine ii by national institutes of health (nih) tests. thirty healthy adults received 1 ml of the cec rabies vaccines subcutaneously as primary immunization on days 0 and 7. between six and 12 months after the prim ... | 1991 | 2012255 |
| [what is next in antirabies immunization?]. | the authors compare the geometrical means of titres of specific antirabic antibodies in a group of subjects immunized by the intradermal route with vaccine from a tissue culture of human diploid cell (rabivac behring, frg) and in groups of subjects immunized by the subcutaneous route with the vaccine vnukovo sad-32 (ussr), using a short and long immunization pattern resp. the group with intradermal administration had higher geometrical mean values of antibody titres than the age-matched group im ... | 1991 | 2013068 |
| direct entry of rabies virus into the central nervous system without prior local replication. | rabies virus pathogenesis was studied in a mouse model by inoculation of the masseter muscle. at different intervals, the masseter muscle, trigeminal ganglia, and brain were analyzed for virus-specific rna with a polymerase chain reaction assay, which revealed that as early as 18 h postinfection (p.i.), virus-specific rna was present in the trigeminal ganglia, and at 24 h p.i., viral rna was identified in the brain stem. analysis of the masseter muscle demonstrated virus at 1 h p.i. but no virus ... | 1991 | 2016778 |
| conserved nucleotide sequence of rabies virus cdna encoding the nucleoprotein. | the cdnas of rabies virus (the cvs strain) encoding the structural proteins (g, n, ns, and m) were cloned. of these clones, the nucleotide sequence of the cdna encoding the nucleoprotein was determined to compare with those of other strains of rabies virus. the comparison confirmed that the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences are highly conserved among strains including an avirulent strain. | 1991 | 2017877 |
| new developments in the pre- and post-exposure treatment of rabies. | two approaches have been made to develop the alleged "second generation rabies vaccines". one utilizes recombinant dna, expressing the g protein gene in a heterotypic host, the vaccinia virus, and has proven efficacious in protecting animals from rabies infection. the second approach posits that only a portion of the native viral antigen may be required to induce protective response. to define regions of the subunit molecule recognized by different immune effectors, epitopes on the g protein and ... | 1991 | 2021425 |
| formulation and evaluation of baits for oral rabies vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor). | captive raccoons were offered a variety of vaccine containers and bait components in a series of three-choice tests. paraffin wax ampules were the most readily accepted vaccine container. preferred bait components included corn and shellfish oils, deep fried corn meal batter, and egg, apple and buttermilk flavorings. these results, together with factors including ease of bait formulation, cost, and suitability for field use, were used to develop an experimental delivery system for an oral rabies ... | 1991 | 2023324 |
| human immune response to rabies nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens. | antibodies to two components of rabies virus, nucleocapsid (n) and glycoprotein (g), were compared in 11 rabies patients with those in nine recipients of vero cell rabies vaccine. all rabies vaccinees had antibodies to n and g components by day 10 after the first vaccine injection. a similar but not identical response was observed in three out of 11 rabies patients. serum antibodies appeared in rabies patients as early as 3 days after onset of the first symptoms of the disease. in these antibody ... | 1991 | 2025949 |
| rabies virus infection and transport in human sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons. | cultured human sensory neurons are directly susceptible to cvs rabies virus infection and produce virus yields of 10(5) p.f.u./ml; infection can persist for more than 20 days without any sign of c.p.e. the use of a compartmentalized two-chamber culture system, with access to either the cell soma or neuritic extensions, permitted the study of viral retrograde transport, which occurs at between 50 and 100 mm/day. neurons of human origin were more susceptible to virus infection than rat neurons and ... | 1991 | 2033395 |
| detection of rabies virus genomic rna and mrna in mouse and human brains by using in situ hybridization. | rabies virus rna was detected in mouse and human brains by in situ hybridization. 3h-labeled single-stranded rna probes were prepared which were specific for genomic rna and mrnas coding for the five rabies virus proteins (n, ns, m, g, and l). paraffin-embedded brain tissues from human cases of rabies and mice experimentally infected with the challenge virus standard (cvs)-11 strain of rabies virus and street rabies virus were examined. in cvs-infected mice, genomic rna had a multifocal distribu ... | 1991 | 2033657 |
| raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein protect mice against lethal rabies virus infection. | raccoon poxvirus (rcn) recombinants expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (rcn-n) protected a/wysnj mice against a lethal challenge with street rabies virus (srv). maximum survival was achieved following vaccination by tail scratch and footpad (fp) srv challenge. rcn-n-vaccinated mice inoculated in the fp with srv were resistant to infection for at least 54 weeks postvaccination. protection was also elicited by rcn recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rc ... | 1991 | 2033678 |
| rabies virus ribonucleoprotein in the heart. | | 1991 | 2038373 |
| efficacy studies on a canarypox-rabies recombinant virus. | recombinant avipox viruses have been developed expressing the rabies glycoprotein gene. a fowlpox-rabies recombinant has previously been shown to be protective against live rabies virus challenge in a number of non-avian species. this report describes the development of a canarypox-rabies recombinant. a comparison is made of the protective efficacy of this recombinant with other pox-rabies recombinants. | 1991 | 2042391 |
| [transmissibility and pathogenicity in the red fox of two rabies viruses isolated at a 10 year interval]. | two rabies virus strains collected from naturally infected foxes in france in 1976 and 1986 were inoculated in 2 groups each consisting of 10 foxes (approximately 50 lethal doses50 mouse intracerebral per fox). another 20 healthy foxes were kept in the same cages as the inoculated animals in order to study the transmission of both strains. all the inoculated foxes became rabid and transmitted rabies to their cage companion. the intervals between death of the inoculated foxes and death of the cag ... | 1991 | 2042909 |
| sequence analysis of the polymerase l gene of human respiratory syncytial virus and predicted phylogeny of nonsegmented negative-strand viruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) polymerase gene of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 was determined by analysis of cloned-cdnas representing the entire gene and confirmed in part by dideoxy sequencing of genomic rna. the rsv l gene is 6578 nucleotides in length and contains a single major open reading frame that encodes a protein of 2165 amino acids. the molecular weight (250,226) and amino acid composition of the deduced rsv l protein are similar to those of ot ... | 1991 | 2053282 |
| spread of the cvs strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant avo1 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation. | after intranasal instillation in the mouse, rabies virus (cvs strain) selectively infected olfactory receptor cells. in the main olfactory bulb (mob), infection was observed in periglomerular, tufted, and mitral cells and in interneurons located in the internal plexiform layer. beyond the mob, cvs spread into the brain along the olfactory pathways. this infection is specific to chains of functionally related neurons but at the death of the animal some nuclei remain uninfected. cvs also penetrate ... | 1991 | 2053286 |
| immunization of monkeys with rabies ribonucleoprotein (rnp) confers protective immunity against rabies. | the ability of rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) to induce protective immunity against rabies and to prime for production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna) was studied in monkeys. following two immunizations with rnp, monkeys developed a strong anti-rnp response and were protected against a challenge infection with a lethal dose of street rabies virus. monkeys that were primed with rnp and then immunized with a single dose of human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) developed vna titres compara ... | 1991 | 2058261 |
| observation of a polar bear with rabies. | on 1 november 1989 the first confirmed case of rabies in a polar bear (ursus maritimus) was encountered by inuit hunters in the vicinity of cape kendall, southampton island, northwest territories (canada). the adult male polar bear had posterior paralysis. rabies was detected by mouse inoculation and a positive immunoperoxidase reaction on spinal cord and gasserian ganglion from the bear. histologic lesions in the lumbar region of the spinal cord were consistent with the posterior paralysis. the ... | 1991 | 2067058 |
| extraction and purification of gangliosides from cer cells, a cell line suitable for rabies virus replication. | results are reported concerning the extraction and purification of gangliosides present in cer cells, a cell line which is highly suitable for the cultivation in vitro of rabies virus. by means of thin layer chromatography it has been possible to demonstrate that the cer cell ganglioside pattern is composed mainly of monosialo and disialogangliosides. | 1990 | 2087202 |
| eosinophilic encephalomyelitis in a raccoon experimentally infected with a dog isolate of rabies virus. | | 1990 | 2094438 |
| seroepidemiological survey of rabies virus antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in nsukka environs, nigeria. | serum samples from 254 non-vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in nsukka environs (nigeria) were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. the prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in less than 3 months, 3-6 months and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5, 7.3 and 22.8 per cent, respectively, and overall 16.1 per cent in the dog population. this is the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in ea ... | 1990 | 2098411 |
| problem of zoonotic rabies in india and recent advances in diagnosis. | | 1990 | 2102894 |
| [evaluation of the era antirabies vaccine against antigenic variants of rabies virus in various post-immunization periods]. | protection levels of an attenuated antirabies vaccine, of era origin, prepared in kidney tissue culture, were evaluated in mice. two schemes of vaccination were utilized: a single dose and 6 doses on alternate days. animals of different experimental groups were challenged at 15, 30, 60 and 120 days postimmunization with six antigenic variants of rabies virus: strains of dog origin (s. paulo, brazil and nigeria), vampire origin (dr-19 and pernambuco, brazil), fox origin (rio grande do norte, braz ... | 1990 | 2103072 |
| nucleotide sequence of a human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for a rabies virus-neutralizing monoclonal idiotypic antibody reveals extensive somatic variability suggestive of an antigen-driven immune response. | we previously described the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (ab2) isolated from ebv-transformed human pbl after immunization with rabies vaccine. the present study concerns the molecular characteristics of the ab2 and the germ-line elements that gave rise to it. the h chain of this antibody derives from the small vhv family of human v region gene segments. parallel studies on the germ-line vhv gene isolated from the same individual revealed that the e ... | 1990 | 2108216 |
| macrophage activity in rabies virus infection of genetically selected high and low antibody responder lines of mice. | after infection with the pasteur strain of fixed rabies virus, the onset of disease, mortality, interferon (ifn) synthesis and interaction of the virus with macrophages were investigated in high (hi) and low (li) antibody responder lines of mice. the hi mice were shown to be more resistant than the li mice, and resistance was age-dependent, since mice from both mouse lines were fully susceptible up to 2 weeks of age. ifn synthesis studies of the serum indicated that, after rabies infection, hi m ... | 1990 | 2109344 |
| [rabies transmission to rodents after ingestion of naturally infected tissues]. | we describe seven trials in which calomys musculinus and mus musculus were fed with naturally rabies-infected tissues extracted from vampire bats, dogs, and bovines. the tissues were not subjected to any kind of previous laboratory handling and were administered directly in petri dishes; rodents ate them voluntarily. the only infectious tissues were bovine brains taken from outbreaks transmitted by vampire bats (table 1). it was possible to infect the two species of tested rodents, and there was ... | 1990 | 2130231 |
| [socio-ethnology and role of the dog in the pikine district (suburban zone of dakar - senegal)]. | during a mass campaign in 1987, the authors vaccinated about 500 dogs in the pikine district. the dogs were kept for security reasons. religion was not a limiting factor to dog ownership, but ethnic influences meant that those from casamance (manjaks, diolas,. . . )--although a minority meant that among the population--bred more dogs than the wolof majority. most of the dog population is of local and young (average age 29 months). males are preferred over females. the dogs belong to youths or ad ... | 1990 | 2131203 |
| molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated rabies virus sad b19. | complementary dna spanning the entire genome of the attenuated rabies virus strain sad b19 which is used for oral immunization of foxes in europe was cloned and sequenced. the viral genome comprises 11,928 nucleotides and encodes the five viral proteins n, ns, m, g, and l. deduced protein sequences are highly similar to those of the pathogenic pv strain, homologies ranging from 90.6% for the m to 98.6% for the l protein. the five cistrons are separated by intergenic regions of 2, 5, 5, and 24 nu ... | 1990 | 2139267 |
| [antigenic variants of rabies virus isolated in the northeast and southeast of brazil. preliminary study]. | to help identify the different strains of rabies virus existing in brazil, the antigenic profile of 13 virus isolates from humans and animals was determined. the indirect immunofluorescence technique was used, with monoclonal antibodies targeted at the viral nucleocapsid. in the northeast of the country five different viral strains were identified, and in the southeast, two. a rhabdovirus isolated from a fox could not be characterized as a rabies virus. previously, only two antigenic variants ha ... | 1990 | 2139567 |
| nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the nominal nonstructural phosphoprotein of the era, pm and cvs-11 strains of rabies virus. | | 1990 | 2148206 |
| [rabies: advances and current situation]. | | 1990 | 2152474 |
| clonal analysis of a human antibody response. quantitation of precursors of antibody-producing cells and generation and characterization of monoclonal igm, igg, and iga to rabies virus. | we quantitated and characterized the changes in the human b cell repertoire, at the clonal level, before and after immunization with rabies virus. moreover, we generated 10 monoclonal cell lines producing igm, igg, and iga antibodies to the virus. we found that in healthy subjects, not previously exposed to the virus, nearly 2% of the circulating b lymphocytes were committed to the production of antibodies that bound the virus. these b cells expressed the surface cd5 molecule. the antibodies the ... | 1990 | 2153188 |
| randomized blind trial of a commercial felv vaccine. | a randomized blind trial of a commercial felv vaccine was conducted to evaluate its performance in cats under conditions of long-term natural exposure. seventy-nine nonviremic, seronegative cats were randomized into 2 groups. cats were given 3 doses of either felv vaccine or placebo (killed rabies virus vaccine) sc at weeks 0, 3, and 9 of the trial. six weeks later, 44 known-viremic cats were added to the colony. cats were housed in a single large room and food dishes and litter pans were used i ... | 1990 | 2154424 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype): identification of conserved domains in l proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), new jersey serotype (ogden strain) by primer extension dideoxy sequencing of the genomic rna with reverse transcriptase. this analysis completes the entire genomic sequence of the vsvnj (ogden). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this l protein with those reported for l proteins of indiana serotype and hazelhurst strain of new jersey serotype revealed an extensive sequence similarity among ... | 1990 | 2155516 |
| sequence comparison of five polymerases (l proteins) of unsegmented negative-strand rna viruses: theoretical assignment of functional domains. | the large (l) protein subunit of unsegmented negative-strand rna virus polymerases is thought to be responsible for the majority of enzymic activities involved in viral transcription and replication. in order to gain insight into this multifunctional role we compared the deduced amino acid sequences of five l proteins of rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus) or paramyxoviruses (sendai virus, newcastle disease virus and measles virus). statistical analysis showed that they s ... | 1990 | 2161049 |
| [the effectiveness and safety of an immunization against parvovirus and rabies in anesthetized puppies]. | the efficacy and safety of a vaccination during anaesthesia was examined in 20 puppies from 8 litters of one kennel. the animals were vaccinated in a state of reflex-free anaesthesia (neuroleptanalgesia in combination with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen). 20 puppies from the same litters were used as controls. a parvovirus living vaccine (canimed) and a rabies vaccine from inactivated viruses (rabisin) were used for the vaccinations. the titers of neutralizing antibodies against rabies viru ... | 1990 | 2161572 |
| construction of human monoclonal antibodies against rabies ns-protein antigen by epstein-barr virus transformation. | a human monoclonal antibody against rabies ns-protein was developed using peripheral blood lymphocytes. a special immunization protocol was used in order to achieve maximal cell numbers of active secreting b cells. these b cells were subjected to epstein-barr virus transformation and the transformed cells were cloned stepwise by limiting dilution using supernatant of stimulated macrophages. active anti-rabies-igg secreting cell clones were adapted to serum-free conditions producing stably for mo ... | 1990 | 2168706 |
| absence of rabies encephalitis in a raccoon with concurrent rabies and canine distemper infections. | concurrent infection of a raccoon by rabies and canine distemper viruses is described. fluorescent antibody (fa) test demonstrated rabies antigen in the brain of this animal, however, histologically only lesions characteristic of canine distemper infection were seen. we recommend testing tissues for rabies of animals that histologically are positive for canine distemper. | 1990 | 2180632 |
| further studies on rabies virus isolated from healthy dogs in nigeria. | rabies viruses isolated from healthy dogs, were passaged in mice and adapted to cell culture. after 5-7 passages, isolated viruses were subjected to monoclonal antibody (mab) characterization with a panel of 36 anti-nucleocapsid (nc) and 40 anti-glycoprotein (g) mabs. the four viruses showed positive fluorescence with all nc hybridomas except mab 422-5, confirming them as true rabies virus isolates. the anti-g mab reactivity pattern was the same in the four isolates indicating that they belong t ... | 1990 | 2186564 |
| detection of rabies virus antibodies in fruit bats (eidolon helvum) from nigeria. | fruit bats (eidolon helvum) were collected from three different localities in western nigeria: oti, ibadan and idanre. fifty serum samples were analyzed using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique against rabies, mokola, lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. twenty-five brain samples were screened for rabies and related lyssavirus antigens by direct fluorescent antibody microscopy and by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique with rabies anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. ... | 1990 | 2187101 |
| rabies diagnostic reagents prepared from a rabies n gene recombinant expressed in baculovirus. | a gene encoding the nucleoprotein (n) of rabies virus was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. recombinant gene expression was controlled by the strong polyhedrin gene promoter. insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda) infected by a baculovirus recombinant containing the rabies virus n gene produced abundant amounts of a novel 55-kilodalton protein of a size comparable to that of the rabies virus n protein, as demonstrated by polyacrylamide g ... | 1990 | 2191008 |
| comparison of human immune responses to purified vero cell and human diploid cell rabies vaccines by using two different antibody titration methods. | antibody responses to a conventional rabies preexposure regimen of a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) and a human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) were compared in 80 healthy kenyan veterinary students. forty-three of the students received the pvrv and 37 received the hdcv on days 0, 7, and 28. antibody responses were monitored by using the rapid fluorescent-focus inhibition test (rffit) and an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (inh eia) on days 0, 7, 28, and 49. both vaccines elicited a rapi ... | 1990 | 2203814 |
| evaluation of five different methods for routine diagnosis of rabies. | brain tissue from 187 animals of different species was investigated by means of fluorescent antibody test, peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique, mouse inoculation test and cell culture technique for a diagnosis of rabies. with peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique the rabies specific reaction comprised inclusion bodies and a granular staining of the cytoplasm of affected cells. a specific positive reaction was found only in neurons, in which perikaryon as well as cell processes were affected. flu ... | 1990 | 2204250 |
| from rabies to rabies-related viruses. | antigenic differences between rabies virus strains characterized with monoclonal antibodies presently define at least four serotypes within the lyssavirus genus of the rhabdoviridae family: classical rabies virus strains (serotype 1), lagos bat virus (serotype 2), mokola virus (serotype 3) and duvenhage virus (serotype 4). the wide distribution of rabies-related virus strains (serotypes 2, 3 and 4) and above all, the weak protection conferred by rabies vaccines against some of them (principally ... | 1990 | 2205967 |
| use of vaccinia rabies recombinant for oral vaccination of wildlife. | a vaccinia rabies recombinant virus was constructed and shown to induce the synthesis of rabies virus glycoprotein in infected cells and to induce rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection in susceptible animals. active when orally administered, this recombinant is a good candidate for the development of vaccines for wild animal rabies vectors. this recombinant was found stable, safe for target and non-target animal species, and protective for most of the rabies vectors. after extensiv ... | 1990 | 2205969 |
| the protective effect of the large-scale use of phkc rabies vaccine in humans in china. | reported are the results obtained with different immunization schedules of adjuvant or freeze-dried concentrated (fdc) primary hamster kidney cell (phkc) rabies vaccine on volunteers. the fdc vaccine (potency, 4.5 iu), which was inoculated in six doses, on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90, and the adjuvant vaccine (potency 2.5 iu), which was inoculated in five doses, on days 0 and 7 (double dose), 14, 30 and 90, induced earlier, higher, and more persistent neutralizing antibody titres than the adjuva ... | 1990 | 2208558 |
| functional analysis of mhc class ii-restricted t cells derived from a caucasian with a dr4, dw15, dqw8 haplotype. | rabies virus-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte clones were isolated from a caucasian male vaccine recipient (dr4/7, dqw2/w8; dpw4) and studied for their major histocompatibility complex restricting elements. none of the rabies-specific t-cell clones could be induced to proliferate to antigen by either lymphoblastoid cells or dr-transfected l cells expressing dr4 molecules of the dw subtypes commonly found on caucasian individuals (dw4, dw10, dw13, dw14). the hla-dw subtype of the rabies vaccine recipie ... | 1990 | 2211188 |
| efficacy of a baiting system for vaccinating foxes against rabies with vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus. | the efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus (10(8) tcid50) contained in a machine-made baiting system has been tested in 22 captive young foxes which were divided into three experimental groups of six and a control group of four foxes. each fox in groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed one, two and three vaccine-baits, respectively, on successive days. the four unvaccinated foxes were housed separately. as shown by the incorporation of a tetracycline biomarker into their bones, all the baited foxes ... | 1990 | 2219648 |
| expression, characterization, and purification of a phosphorylated rabies nucleoprotein synthesized in insect cells by baculovirus vectors. | a baculovirus expression vector (acnpv3) derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv) was prepared containing the complete coding region of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of rabies virus (gif-sur-yvette clone of the cvs strain). the gene was placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter and was expressed to high levels (66 mg n protein/liter of 2 x 10(9) cells) by the derived recombinant virus using a spodoptera frugiperda cell line. using available antis ... | 1990 | 2219704 |
| [the efficacy of a cultured rabies vaccine studied on guinea pigs previously infected with the rabies street virus]. | in this work materials on the development of an experimental model for the study of rabies vaccines are presented. the comparative study of different immunization schedules for vaccines with different protective potency has been carried out. guinea pigs infected with street rabies virus, strain k, were used as an experimental model. as shown in this investigation the optimum method of infecting the animals with strain k was intramuscular injection causing 50% mortality among the animals, the inc ... | 1990 | 2220221 |
| sequence homology between hiv gp120, rabies virus glycoprotein, and snake venom neurotoxins. is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor an hiv receptor? | | 1990 | 2241576 |
| the serological response of young dogs to the flury lep strain of rabies virus vaccine. | the serological response of puppies from nigeria to live flury low egg passage (lep) rabies vaccine was determined. two sets of puppies were used: one set from rabies-vaccinated bitches and another set from non-vaccinated bitches. puppies were vaccinated intramuscularly with flury lep strain rabies vaccine and serially bled from the 4th week to the 30th week. serum rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (vna) were measured by a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). puppies from ... | 1990 | 2247948 |
| vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and efficacy trials in canadian wildlife. | twenty-six meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), ten woodchucks (marmota monax), thirteen grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis), thirteen ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis), six red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and eight great horned owls (bubo virginianus) received vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (v-rg) by direct instillation into the oral cavity. each of ten coyotes (canis latrans) received the virus in two vaccine-laden baits. several voles and mo ... | 1990 | 2249183 |
| surveillance and epidemiologic mapping of monoclonal antibody-defined rabies variants in florida. | brain tissues from 128 rabid animals from florida in 1987 and 1988 were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and cases were mapped by species and antigenic variant. the single variant found in terrestrial animals was distinguished easily from the variety of antigenic variants identified for infected bats, and there was no evidence of transmission of rabies between bats and terrestrial animals. the raccoon (procyon lotor) appeared to be the sole maintenance source for terrestrial animal rabies in ... | 1990 | 2250324 |
| [rabies prognosis in western siberia and the regulatory factors of the epizootic process]. | in this article the regulatory factors of the epizootic process are considered and the spatial-temporal prognostication of rabies infection in the region is proposed on the basis of data on rabies morbidity among animals, the purchase of skins of carnivorous animals for 20-25 years, virological experiments on wild animals, calculation of the number of carnivores and small mammals, as meteorological observations. the study has shown that a variety of animal species serving as hosts for the virus ... | 1990 | 2251888 |
| reduction in the dosage schedule of bpl-inactivated neural tissue vaccine for rabies prophylaxis in man. | there exist two different immunization schedules for neural tissue rabies vaccine (ntv) for human use in india, the amount of vaccine given by the schedule recommended by central research institute (cri), kasauli, being higher than that recommended by pasteur institute of india (pii), coonoor. a study was therefore undertaken to assess the feasibility of reducing the cri dosage schedule for rabies prophylaxis. the antirabies antibody response in laboratory animals and human subjects following 7, ... | 1990 | 2269504 |
| serological determination of rabies antibodies in vaccinated subjects. | this study reports the immunological response in subjects vaccinated against rabies. four serological methods were compared: the immunoenzymatic test with hdcv virus vaccine (eia-v) and with purified viral glycoprotein (eia-p), the neutralizing in vitro rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) and the indirect immunofluorescent test (ifi). a concordance of 93.3% was found with rffit and eia-v, 86.8% with rffit and eia-p and 80.5% with rffit and ifi. the rffit is the most sensitive and spe ... | 1990 | 2273985 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1989. | in 1989, 4,808 cases of rabies in animals other than human beings were reported to the centers for disease control, 1.8% more (4,724 to 4,808) than in 1988. eighty-eight percent (4,224/4,808) of those affected were wild animals and 12% (584/4,808) were domestic animals. cases were reported from 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico; hawaii remained rabies-free. skunks (1,657) continued to be the most commonly reported rabid wild animal. for the second consecutive year, more cats ( ... | 1990 | 2276949 |
| a reduced panel of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies for bat rabies virus identification in europe. | a reduced panel of 4 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mab) was set up to distinguish viruses of terrestrial mammal origin from viruses of bat origin in europe. four additional mab were necessary to identify each one of the four serotypes of lyssavirus. these 8 mab were selected out of 25 mab secreted by hybridomas obtained from mice immunized with either serotype 1 lyssavirus (rabies virus pv4) or serotype 3 lyssavirus (mokola). they were screened with 32 viruses representative of the fo ... | 1990 | 2277871 |
| immune state of dogs injected with rabies vaccines in the west java, indonesia. | | 1990 | 2280494 |
| rabies reference vaccine for use as a regional standard for latin america and the caribbean countries. | a candidate rabies reference vaccine of suckling mouse brain (smb) origin was prepared and standardized at the pan american zoonoses center (paho/who) and evaluated in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. on the basis of three different tests, its potency, immunogenicity, and stability were demonstrated to be satisfactory. the vaccine was proposed for consideration of the latin american and caribbean countries as a regional standard to determine the potency of smb vaccines, the mo ... | 1990 | 2285501 |
| in vitro rabies vaccine potency appraisal by elisa: advantages of the immunocapture method with a neutralizing anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody. | the replacement of the in vivo potency test (nih test) for rabies vaccine evaluation by in vitro methods is at present discussed in many reports and also by who expert working groups. for this purpose, in vitro glycoprotein titration has been proposed. among the different glycoprotein assays, we have studied two elisa methods (immunocapture and direct plate coating with the antigen to be tested) using neutralizing mono- and polyclonal antibodies. in our view, the immunocapture method based on th ... | 1990 | 2285504 |
| antigenic characterisation of virus isolates from vaccinated dogs dying of rabies. | four rabies virus isolates from dogs that succumbed to rabies infection in nigeria within one year of anti-rabies vaccination were characterised by monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the samples were screened for rabies and rabies-related viral antigens by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, performed with mab 502-2, which recognises the nucleocapsid (nc) protein of all known lyssaviruses and with mab 422-5 which identifies african rabies-related viruses. all four canine virus isolates displayed ... | 1990 | 2288013 |
| effect of inhibitors of cytoplasmic structures and functions on rabies virus infection in vitro. | the effect in vitro of some cytoplasmic structure and function inhibitors on the different stages of rabies virus infection was investigated. treatment of fibroblasts (cer) and human neuroblastoma cells (imr-32) with substances acting on low ph intracellular compartments (methylamine and monensin) prevented rabies virus genome delivery in the cytosol. an early inhibition of viral infection was also obtained in the presence of b and d cytochalasins and trifluoperazine which interact with microfil ... | 1990 | 2292183 |
| a recombinant human adenovirus vaccine against rabies. | rabies continues to be a serious problem in both developed and developing nations due to the reservoir of rabies virus in wildlife vectors. the control and worldwide eradication of rabies depends on the development of safe, effective, and economical vaccines that might be used in preexposure vaccination programs for humans and animals. to this end an infectious human adenovirus type 5 recombinant virus that contains the rabies glycoprotein gene, and which may serve as the prototype for a new cla ... | 1990 | 2295855 |
| ineffectiveness and comparative pathogenicity of attenuated rabies virus vaccines for the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). | three attenuated rabies virus vaccines (sad-b19, era/bhk-21, aza 2) were compared for efficacy and safety in the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis) by the oral and intranasal routes. the sad-b19 and era/bhk-21 vaccines were given orally; all three vaccines were given intranasally. oral administration of sad-b19 and era/bhk-21 vaccines induced neither seroconversion nor significant protection against rabies challenge. one skunk which consumed a sad-b19 vaccine-laden bait succumbed to vaccine-induc ... | 1990 | 2304207 |
| mutants of rabies viruses in skunks: immune response and pathogenicity. | in studies to develop an oral rabies vaccine for wildlife, the immune response to and pathogenicity of two types of mutants of rabies viruses were examined. forty-five small plaque mutants were selected from cultures of era rabies virus treated with 8-azaguanine or 5-fluorouracil and tested for pathogenicity in mice. two of these mutants aza 1 and aza 2 (low pathogenicity in mice) were given to skunks by oral (bait), intestinal (endoscope) and intramuscular routes. additionally, challenge virus ... | 1990 | 2306670 |
| protection against rabies in mice by a cytotoxic t cell clone recognizing the glycoprotein of rabies virus. | by the use of liposomes containing the purified surface glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus and the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of sendai virus, the target antigen of anti-rabies virus cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones isolated in a previous study was identified as the g protein. recognition of the h-2k determinant of the class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) was necessary for target lysis by the ctl clones. one of the ctl clones was examined for the ab ... | 1990 | 2307962 |
| rabies vaccine adsorbed: neutralizing antibody titers after three-dose pre-exposure vaccination. | field trials at several schools of veterinary medicine showed that three-dose pre-exposure rabies vaccination with rabies vaccine adsorbed developed by the michigan department of health elicited neutralization antibody in practically all recipients two to three weeks after immunization. titers declined during the first six months after vaccination. however, by 18 to 24 months, 98 percent of recipients still had titers equal or greater than a 1:5 dilution of serum. | 1990 | 2316774 |
| equine rabies immune globulin: a product with an undeserved poor reputation. | four hundred nineteen patients exposed to rabies in thailand were treated with equine rabies immune globulin (erig) manufactured by sclavo of italy, a product also licensed in the united states of america. they were followed for a minimum of 1 month after erig injection and rabies vaccine administration. adverse serum sickness-like reactions were noted in 15 patients (3.58%). these were clinically acceptable and only 1 of these patients required corticosteroid therapy and short term hospitalizat ... | 1990 | 2316787 |
| hplc immunoaffinity purification of rabies virus glycoprotein using immobilized antipeptide antibodies. | it has been reported that the acetylcholine receptor may be used by the rabies virus to concentrate at sites in proximal to peripheral nerves. it has also been reported that the binding site for the receptor is located within the 190-203 region of the virus glycoprotein on the basis of its structural homology with the toxic center of snake neurotoxins, which are well known cholinergic ligands. we prepared monoclonal antibodies against the synthetic tetradecapeptide having the same sequence as th ... | 1990 | 2319136 |
| murine susceptibility to street rabies virus is unrelated to induction of host lymphoid depletion. | the mechanism and cellular targets of mononuclear cell depletion were investigated in strains of mice susceptible or resistant to lethal infection with a virulent street rabies virus (srv). significant depletion was evident in the thymus of all infected animals at approximately 5 days postinfection and subsequently involved the spleen and lymph nodes in mice developing clinical signs of rabies. immunofluorescent analyses of lymphocyte subsets in depleted spleens revealed that cell losses were no ... | 1990 | 2329281 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of field strains of the rabies virus from different districts of the ussr studied using antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies]. | 98 rabies virus strains isolated from different species of wild and domestic animals have been studied by means of 36 monoclonal antibodies obtained from the wistar institute (usa) and 3--of the federal research center on viral diseases of animals (frg). the antigenic variants determined in this study have been analyzed in comparison with the data obtained in other regions of the world, thus establishing the spread of these variants and their relationship with different species of animals. | 1990 | 2330779 |
| detection of mokola virus neutralising antibodies in nigerian dogs. | five hundred healthy nigerian dogs were randomly selected and bled for serological detection of antibodies to lyssa-viruses, including mokola, lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. the canine sera were screened for virus neutralising antibodies by a modification of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique. three serum samples were seropositive to mokola virus but all were negative to lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. the three seropositive mokola samples were also negative for rabies virus neu ... | 1990 | 2333438 |
| bat rabies--france. | | 1990 | 2335001 |
| biological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies to rabies virus. | rabies virus antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognized either viral glycoprotein, ribonucleoprotein, or matrix proteins were generated. only glycoprotein-specific mab neutralized a variety of rabies viruses and protected laboratory rodents against lethal rabies virus infection. the determinant recognized by this mab does not appear to reside in previously defined antigenic sites of the viral glycoprotein. | 1990 | 2335829 |
| use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus for the oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. | the vaccination of wild animals against rabies has been developed most extensively in europe. experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus administered by the oral route in foxes. the innocuity of this vaccine was tested in the target species as well as in several non-target wild and domestic species. because of its safety and heat-stability, this recombinant virus should offer an excellent alternative to the attenuated strains of rabies virus currently used ... | 1990 | 2336870 |
| intramuscular vaccination of skunks and raccoons against rabies. | live-captured striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor) were immunized with inactivated rabies vaccine by intramuscular injection and released at the point of capture during a rabies control program in metropolitan toronto (ontario, canada). serum samples collected prior to and following vaccination revealed that 100% of the skunks and 98% of the raccoons seroconverted. rabies antibody was still detectable 314 to 757 days postvaccination. five of six skunks vaccinated in th ... | 1990 | 2338727 |
| vaccination of free-ranging pennsylvania raccoons (procyon lotor) with inactivated rabies vaccine. | thirty-nine free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in an endemic rabies area of pennsylvania (usa) were vaccinated with a single intramuscular inoculation of commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine, 17 june to 23 august 1987. paired serum samples, pre- and postvaccination, were obtained from eight raccoons and were analyzed in vitro for rabies virus neutralizing antibody using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. seven of eight (88%) recaptured raccoons demonstrated seroconvers ... | 1990 | 2338729 |
| [intradermal method of vaccination with a human diploid cell tissue culture vaccine for preexposure antirabies immunization]. | the authors provide evidence of seroconversion in 16 subjects (100%) following intradermal administration of antirabies vaccine from a tissue culture of human diploid cells [rabivac, behring, frg] for the purpose of pre-exposure immunization. the immunomodulating preparation levamisol [decaris richter, hungary] did not influence the mean antibody titre during administration by the intradermal route. | 1990 | 2340574 |
| seroepidemiological survey of rabies virus antibodies in non vaccinated dogs in nsukka environs, nigeria. | serum samples from 254 non vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in nsukka environs, nigeria were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. the prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in, less than 3 months, 3-6 months, and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5%, 7.3% and 22.8% respectively, and overall 16.1% in the dog population. this was the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non vaccinated dogs in eastern nigeria ... | 1990 | 2346070 |
| what happens if intradermal injections of rabies vaccine are partially or entirely injected subcutaneously? | reported are the results of a study with the thai red cross two-site intradermal purified vero-cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) schedule that was deliberately injected into subcutaneous tissue. the 44 healthy nonimmune thai adults who were enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to the following groups and given pvrv as shown: group a (two intradermal injections on days 0, 3, and 7); group b (one intradermal and one subcutaneous injection on days 0, 3, and 7); and group c (two subcutaneous inject ... | 1990 | 2347035 |
| evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets. | efficacy of an sc-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. ferret immunity was challenged by the im inoculation of street rabies virus. all ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [gmt] = 154, n = 41) that were maintained for at least one year (gmt = 106, n = 36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (gmt less than 5, n = 39). following rabies virus c ... | 1990 | 2347753 |
| [testing for immunogenic and protective properties of vaccine against tissue-inactivated rabies]. | the immunogenic and protective potency was tested of vaccine against inactivated tissue rabies developed from the vnukovo-32 strain, and produced in the bioveta state corporation at ivanovice in haná. in 21 days after an i. m. application of 3 cm3 of vaccine, the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was found to be 1:47. in this period the animals were revaccinated in the same way. the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was 1:99 three months after revaccination, 1:57 in six ... | 1990 | 2353410 |
| the role of polymorphic hla-dr beta chain residues in presentation of viral antigens to t cells. | the relative importance of 11 polymorphic positions in the hla-dr7 beta 1 chain in t cell recognition of foreign antigens was investigated using transfectants expressing mutant dr7 beta 1 chains as apc for five rabies virus-specific t cell clones. the results indicate that multiple amino acids, located in both the beta-strands and alpha-helix of dr7 beta 1 in the model of a class ii molecule, are involved in dr7-restricted t cell recognition of these antigens. many of the substitutions appeared ... | 1990 | 2358778 |
| rabies virus binding to an acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit peptide. | the binding of 125i-labeled rabies virus to a synthetic peptide comprising residues 173-204 of the alpha 1-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated. binding of rabies virus to the receptor peptide was dependent on ph, could be competed with by unlabeled homologous virus particles, and was saturable. synthetic peptides of snake venom, curaremimetic neurotoxins and of the structurally similar segment of the rabies virus glycoprotein, were effective in competing with labeled ... | 1990 | 2361061 |
| identification of fox rabies by a monoclonal antibody directed against nucleocapsid of a street rabies virus. | hybridomas were prepared by fusion of spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with dog rabies isolates from nigeria with p3x63ag8 myeloma cells. more than 69 hybridomas secreted antinucleocapsid (antinc) antibodies when tested with homologous viruses by indirect immunofluorescence. one hybridoma (z144-88) was found which secreted antinc antibody that reacted negatively with fox rabies isolates from the federal republic of germany, switzerland and france and with rabies-related viruses and europe ... | 1990 | 2363325 |
| the case of the missing animal is also a report with missing data. | | 1990 | 2367169 |
| antigenic characterization of street rabies virus isolates from nigeria using monoclonal antibodies. | twenty isolates of street rabies virus were recovered in mouse neutroblastoma cells from 84 rabies suspect brain specimens from nigeria dogs and a cat. they were characterized with the tübingen monoclonal antibody panels directed against nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens. antigenic variations were detected both with antinucleocapsid (anti-nc) and antiglycoprotein (anti-gp) monoclonal antibodies (mabs). one isolate reacted positively with anti-nc mab p41 which hitherto has been known to reac ... | 1990 | 2385983 |
| rabies. bat rabies. | | 1990 | 2386713 |
| adult raccoon survival in an enzootic rabies area of pennsylvania. | twenty-one adult raccoons (procyon lotor) were radio-marked on each of two areas in centre county, pennsylvania from 17 june to 23 august 1987. raccoons on area 1 were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine administered intramuscularly, whereas on area 2 raccoons were not vaccinated. survival rates were estimated for three periods: pre-season (23 august to 23 october 1987), harvest season (24 october 1987 to 23 january 1988) and post-season (24 january to 26 march 1988). k ... | 1990 | 2388357 |
| human monoclonal antibodies specific for the rabies virus glycoprotein and n protein. | human monoclonal antibodies to rabies virus were established by epstein-barr virus infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from a rabies-vaccinated donor, and fusion with a heteromyeloma line. two human monoclonal antibodies, hum1 and hum2, both igg2, reacted with the envelope glycoprotein of the rabies virus. the antibody hum1 neutralized rabies virus (lyssavirus serotype 1) and mokola virus (lyssavirus serotype 3), but did not neutralize european bat lyssavirus, suggesting that som ... | 1990 | 2391499 |
| studies on cell-mediated immune response to rabies virus immunization in dogs. | peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) from unvaccinated dogs and dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with beta-propiolactone (bpl) inactivated sheep brain antirabies vaccine were exposed in vitro to rabies antigen. a direct leucocyte migration inhibition (lmi) assay in agarose was used to study the cell-mediated immune (cmi) response. the cmi response could be detected as early as 7 days postvaccination. it reached a peak by 14 days postvaccination followed by a decline. the pbl from unvaccinated control ... | 1990 | 2396468 |
| enhancement of interleukin-2 activity by liposomes. | the present report demonstrates that liposomes increase the interleukin-2 (il-2) dependent proliferation of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte line (ctll) cells used for the measurement of il-2 activity. this effect was better observed with suboptimal doses of il-2 and low concentrations of lipids. the increased il-2 dependent proliferation is not due to a direct effect of liposomes on ctll cells but rather to an interaction between il-2 and liposomes. an interaction between il-2 and components of fetal cal ... | 1990 | 2396476 |
| rabies antibody profile among pregnant females administered therapeutic postexposure vaccine during pregnancy, their neonates and infants. | | 1990 | 2396477 |
| rabies and post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in canada, 1987-1988. | | 1990 | 2397528 |
| oral infectivity of street and fixed rabies virus strains in laboratory animals. | oral transmission of rabies could be produced in laboratory animals like mice, guinea pigs and hamsters using challenge virus strain (cvs) and 2 strains of street virus. study of virus pathway following ingestion suggested predominant neural spread to brain and centrifugal spread to non neural organs like heart and kidneys. however it was found that virus dose required for oral infection was relatively very high. the role of such a transmission in nature needs to be further evaluated, keeping in ... | 1990 | 2401525 |
| the rabies viruses of bats. | in the 1930s rabies was shown to affect blood-, insect- and fruit-eating bats. we have prepared anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mabs) using mokola and bat (lagos, duvenhage and denmark) rabies viruses as immunogens. with these mabs we have examined rabies viruses from vampire, insectivorous and frugivorous bats from the americas, africa, europe and the soviet union and have compared them with isolates from terrestrial species including man. as well as confirming the findings of others w ... | 1990 | 2402870 |
| oral immunization of foxes with avirulent rabies virus mutants. | sag1, a rabies virus strain bearing one mutation which abolishes virulence for adult animals, was constructed from the sadbern strain of rabies virus which has previously been used as live vaccine for oral immunization of foxes. sag1 also bears an antigenic mutation which serves as an additional marker of the strain. studies on mice and four species of wild rodents showed that sag1 is totally avirulent whereas sadbern is still pathogenic after intracerebral, intramuscular or oral inoculation and ... | 1990 | 2402873 |
| primary multiplication site of the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus administered to foxes by the oral route. | the primary multiplication site of vvtggrab, a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the rabies virus g glycoprotein, was studied in comparison with that of the parental vv copenhagen strain, after oral administration to foxes. foxes were fed with 10(8) tcid50 of either vvtggrab or vv and were sacrificed 12, 24, 48 or 96 h after inoculation. both viruses were detected by viral isolation in the tonsils during the first 48 h after inoculation at titres between 10(2) and 10(4.3) tcid50/ml. ind ... | 1990 | 2406370 |