| effects of hydrostatic pressure on a membrane-enveloped virus: high immunogenicity of the pressure-inactivated virus. | a new approach to the preparation of antiviral vaccines relying on the inactivation of the virus particle by hydrostatic pressure is described. the enveloped virus vesicular stomatitis virus was utilized as a model; a pressure of 260 mpa applied for 12 h reduced infectivity by a factor of 10(4), and the antibodies against pressurized material were as effective as those against the intact virus when measured by their neutralization titer. fluorescence measurements indicate that application of pre ... | 1992 | 1312621 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus antigenic octapeptide n52-59 is anchored into the groove of the h-2kb molecule by the side chains of three amino acids and the main-chain atoms of the amino terminus. | this study describes an analysis of the interaction of individual amino acid residues of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) nucleocapsid antigenic octapeptide (n52-59; arg-gly-tyr-val-tyr-gln-gly-leu) with the h-2kb molecule and t-cell receptors (tcrs). tyr-3, tyr-5, and leu-8 were the positions in the peptide found to be h-2kb contact residues by analyzing single alanine-substituted peptides in a competition assay with a kb-restricted antigenic nonapeptide of sendai virus. arg-1, gly-2, val-4 ... | 1992 | 1313583 |
| fibroblast interferon induces synthesis of four proteins in human fibroblast cells. | treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with fibroblast interferon for 8 hr inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. when the total cell protein of cells treated with interferon for 8 hr was compared to the total cell protein of untreated cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the interferon-treated cells were found to contain four proteins not found in untreated cells. addition of actinomycin d to the cells concurrently with interferon inhibited the synthesis of the four prote ... | 1979 | 287023 |
| mason-pfizer like virus in kidney grafted patients. | lymphocytes from a kidney grafted patient were specifically stimulated to incorporated thymidine in vitro by mitomycin c treated hela cells infected with a mason-pfizer like virus (mpv). the thermolabile mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv tl) grown in leukocytes of this patient produced pseudotypes which were neutralized by the patient's sera and boy rabbit anti-mpv sera. coculture of the patients leukocytes with sirc cells yielded virus populations with dual properties; those of mpv plus ... | 1979 | 372781 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 multiplication by an avian cellular factor. | a factor secreted from avian cells infected non productively with a non cytopathogenic mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv ts 1026) interferes with hiv replication in cem cells and peripheral blood monocytes (pbl). production of infectious particles is decreased and many virions lack cores and/or spikes. in cem cells the prmrna is spliced into 7.5, 4, and 2 kb mrna. residual virus contains less env encoded proteins and p 18; p 25 appears as several bands. the processing of tat, rev. and ne ... | 1992 | 1314050 |
| mechanism of human mxa protein action: variants with changed antiviral properties. | cells respond to treatment with interferons by synthesizing several induced proteins, including one or more structurally related proteins collectively called mx. nuclear and cytoplasmic forms of mx have been described, some of which inhibit virus replication. human mxa is a cytoplasmic protein that specifically inhibits the multiplication of influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. here, we describe a mutant mxa protein, mxa(r645), which inhibited influenza virus but was inactive against ... | 1992 | 1314172 |
| membrane asymmetry. | the components of biological membranes are asymmetrically distributed between the membrane surfaces. proteins are absolutely asymmetrical in that every copy of a polypeptide chain has the same orientation in the membrane, and lipids are nonabsolutely asymmetrical in that almost every type of lipid is present on both sides of the bilayer, but in different and highly variable amounts. asymmetry is maintained by lack of transmembrane diffusion. two types of membrane proteins, called ectoproteins an ... | 1977 | 402030 |
| a ts mutant isolated from chl cells: inhibition of dna replication at nonpermissive temperature. | a mutant chinese hamster cell clone has been isolated from an s phase culture. this clone, ts154, could not replicate dna at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees c), although it synthesized dna normally at permissive temperature (33 degrees c). after transfer to 39 degrees, ts154 cells replicated dna semiconservatively through precisely two complete rounds and divided twice before they ceased dna synthesis and further growth. the mutation in ts154 affects dna replication specifically, as its ra ... | 1979 | 432760 |
| gene expression of vesicular stomatitis virus genome rna. | | 1992 | 1316668 |
| the physico-chemical characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus as a member of the family rhabdoviridae. | this study of the physico-chemical properties of bovine ephemeral fever virus was initiated to establish whether or not it should be classified as a rhabdovirus. in contrast to the regular bullet-shaped morphology of some rhabdoviruses the virus particles are often cone-shaped or slight variants from bullet-shaped. the virion contains single-stranded rna sedimenting at 42s and six proteins with mol. wt. of 164, 101, 64, 53, 43 and 29 x 10(3). the protein p101 is located on the surface of the vir ... | 1979 | 501340 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus in cattle in an enzootic region of mexico. | an elisa was compared with the plaque-reduction serum neutralization (prsn) test, for detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) antibodies in cattle in a vesicular stomatitis enzootic region of mexico. a total of 325 bovine serum samples were screened for vsv antibodies. the prsn test was performed, using vero cells. the elisa contained gradient-purified vsv indiana (lab strain) and vsv new jersey (hazelhurst) as the antigens. regression analysis and weighted kappa statistic were used to est ... | 1992 | 1316723 |
| [differences in the properties of the interferons produced by the leukocytes of healthy persons and of cancer and leukemia patients]. | in vitro production of interferon by blood leukocytes from patients with lymphosarcoma, lymphogranulomatosis, leukemia, cancer tumours, pneumonia, as well as by leukocytes of mice with rauscher leukemia, and mice in the condition of hyporeactivity to interferon inducer was studied. alongside with quantitative differences in interferon production, biological differences in the properties of interferons produced of normal and sick humans and animals were revealed. the biological differences consis ... | 1979 | 506207 |
| a viral peptide can mimic an endogenous peptide for allorecognition of a major histocompatibility complex class i product. | alloreactive class i-restricted t cells may recognize the class i structure alone, in association with a specific peptide, or with any stabilizing peptide. we have tested the role of endogenous peptides in the recognition of h-2kb molecules by two alloreactive cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones using the mutant tumor line rma-s, which expresses its surface h-2b molecules devoid of peptides and is not lysed by these two ctl clones. empty h-2b molecules on rma-s cells can be stabilized by binding ... | 1992 | 1318201 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein inhibits host cell-directed transcription of target genes in vivo. | infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) results in a rapid inhibition of host cell transcription and translation. to determine whether the viral matrix (m) protein was involved in this inhibition of host cell gene expression, an m protein expression vector was cotransfected with a target gene vector, encoding the target gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). expression of m protein caused a decrease in cat activity in a gene dosage-dependent manner, and inhibition was appa ... | 1992 | 1318397 |
| infectious defective interfering particles of vsv from transcripts of a cdna clone. | the generation of infectious defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) entirely from cdna clones is reported. bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase was used to direct the transcription of a complete negative-stranded genomic rna from a cdna clone of a vsv di rna in cells simultaneously expressing the five vsv proteins from separately transfected cdna clones. the negative-stranded transcript was encapsidated with n protein, replicated by the vsv polymerase, and the replic ... | 1992 | 1318785 |
| (+-)-carbocyclic 5'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine and related purine derivatives: synthesis and antiviral properties. | beginning with 3-cyclopenten-1-ylamine hydrochloride, the 5'-nor derivatives of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine (2), 2'-deoxyadenosine (3), and 2,6-diaminopurine 2'-deoxyribofuranoside (4) have been prepared. these compounds were evaluated for antiviral potential versus herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus and found to lack activity. also, compounds 2-4 were virtually nontoxic toward the host (hu ... | 1992 | 1319491 |
| porcine conceptus proteins: antiviral activity and effect on 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. | interferon-like proteins synthesized by conceptuses of domestic ruminants inhibit luteolysis during early pregnancy. although pig conceptuses secrete trophoblast interferons during the period of cl maintenance, estrogen is involved with maintenance of the cl. the principal purposes of this work were to confirm production of trophoblast interferons by porcine conceptuses and to compare the effect of trophoblast interferons on endometrium of pigs and cattle. when measured using madin-darby bovine ... | 1992 | 1319754 |
| viral inactivation in blood and red cell concentrates with benzoporphyrin derivative. | using both the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) as models we have shown that the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative ring a (bpd), when activated with red light (600-700 nm), is effective in eliminating both free virus and virally infected cells from spiked blood products and whole blood drawn from viremic cats experimentally infected with felv, under conditions which appear to share red blood cells. the effect of photodynamic therapy on infected lymphocyte ... | 1992 | 1319771 |
| virion rna polymerases of two salmonid rhabdoviruses. | rna-dependent rna polymerases were found to be associated with two salmonid rhabdoviruses: infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) virus and the virus of hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs). the protein composition of these rhabdoviruses closely resembles that of rabies virus rather than that of vesicular stomatitis virus (mcallister and wagner, 1975). the optimal temperature for in vitro transcription was found to be approximately 18 degrees c for ihn virus and approximately 15 degrees for vhs,, close ... | 1977 | 559780 |
| macrophage activation: increased ingestion of igg-coated erythrocytes after administration of interferon inducers to mice. | in vitro phagocytosis of igg-opsonized sheep erythrocytes (ea) was used to measure the in vivo activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. uptake of ea as enhanced by the extraperitoneal administration of newcastle disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, tilorone or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. ingestion of ea was similarly stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or killed corynebacterium parvum. dose-response curves relating concentrations of igg to phagocytosis were parallel for both treated a ... | 1978 | 624908 |
| epstein-barr virus-encoded small rnas (ebers) do not modulate interferon effects in infected lymphocytes. | the recent derivation of otherwise isogenic epstein-barr virus (ebv) recombinants carrying or lacking the ebv small rna (eber) genes enabled us to test whether ebers are similar to adenovirus va rnas in modulating interferon (ifn) effects on virus infection. eber-positive and -negative ebv recombinants did not differ in their sensitivity to alpha interferon (ifn-alpha)- or ifn-gamma-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte growth transformation. in addition, ebers did not decrease the inhibitory effect ... | 1992 | 1321292 |
| dependence of translation on 5'-terminal methylation of mrna. | many eukaryotic cell and viral mrnas contain 5'-terminal m7g(5')ppp(5')n. methylation is important for the in vitro translation of vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus mrnas. unmethylated viral mrnas are methylated by cell-free extrascts of wheat germ and l cells to form 5'-terminal structures of the type, m7gpppn and m7gpppnm, respectively. rabbit globin mrna also contains 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine (m7g). removal of the m7g by beta-elimination decreases translation. the efficient binding ... | 1976 | 782922 |
| oxytocin stimulates translocation of protein kinase c and induces antiviral state in human amnion cells. | association of protein kinase c (pkc) activity to the membrane fraction was observed in oxytocin treated human amnion cells (uac). in addition, oxytocin was shown to induce an antiviral state and to inhibit multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in uac. these observations together with earlier findings indicate that activation of inositol phospholipid breakdown with a consecutive activation of pkc is a common signal transduction pathway in interferon action and hormonal stimulation. | 1992 | 1321545 |
| induction of antigen-specific tolerance by cyclosporin a. | recently, we reported preliminary evidence for the induction of tolerance in vivo by cyclosporin a (csa) during a persistent virus infection in rats. in the present communication, those observations are verified and the findings extended to the functional level of cell-mediated immunity. mice infected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) normally die from a fatal immune-mediated disease after 6-8 days but they do not succumb if treated intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg/da ... | 1992 | 1322301 |
| biological transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey) by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae). | simulium vittatum females were shown to be competent vectors for the new jersey serotype (vsnj) of vesicular stomatitis virus (camp verde strain). seventy percent of females infected intrathoracically transmitted infectious virions in their saliva after a 10-d incubation period. when infected with virus per os, 63% of the flies tested were positive at day 10, and 45% of flies infected in this manner also secreted virus in their saliva by day 9 or 10 after infection. when ingested by s. vittatum ... | 1992 | 1322991 |
| defective bud formation in human cells chronically infected with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. | human prostate cells chronically infected with the mantooth strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus multiply normally, fuse only occasionally to form giant cells, and yet have twisted intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids. these cells are able to support replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, although they release only small amounts of sspe virus. to determine why carrier cells do not produce virus, they were examined with techniques for surface replication, freeze-fracturing, an ... | 1976 | 957482 |
| side-chain derivatives of biologically active nucleosides. 1. side-chain analogs of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). | starting from 3-o-mesyl-1,2-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-allofuranose (9) the anomeric mixtures of the requisite carbohydrates 1,2-di-o-acetyl-6-o-benzoyl-5-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17a alpha/beta, 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses 17b alpha/beta, and 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5,6-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-mesyl-l-talofuranoses 17c alpha/beta were synthesized. 1,2-di-o-acetyl-5-o-benzoyl-6-deoxy-3-o-mesyl-d-allofuranoses++ + 17d alpha/beta and the corresponding l-talofuranoses 17e a ... | 1992 | 1323681 |
| evidence that plasma membrane electrical potential is required for vesicular stomatitis virus infection of mdck cells: a study using fluorescence measurements through polycarbonate supports. | we used fluorescence microscopy of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells grown on polycarbonate filters to study a possible link between plasma membrane electrical potential (delta psi pm) and infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). complete substitution of k+ for extracellular na+ blocks vsv infection of mdck cells as well as baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. when we independently perfused the apical and basal-lateral surfaces of high resistance monolayers, high k+ inhibited vsv infect ... | 1992 | 1311768 |
| a novel quasi-viral agent, matu, is a two-component system. | matu is a quasi-viral agent presumably derived from a human mammary tumor. in some respects it resembles classical viruses and in some the "slow viruses," and in others it is different from both. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we showed that it is a two-component system. one part of the complex, mx, is exogenous; it is manifested by a protein, p58x, which is a cytoplasmic antigen and it reacts with some natural sera of man and of various animals. the other component, mn, is endogenous to hu ... | 1992 | 1312272 |
| crystal structures of two viral peptides in complex with murine mhc class i h-2kb. | the x-ray structures of a murine mhc class i molecule (h-2kb) were determined in complex with two different viral peptides, derived from the vesicular stomatitis virus nucleoprotein (52-59), vsv-8, and the sendai virus nucleoprotein (324-332), sev-9. the h-2kb complexes were refined at 2.3 a for vsv-8 and 2.5 a for sev-9. the structure of h-2kb exhibits a high degree of similarity with human hla class i, although the individual domains can have slightly altered dispositions. both peptides bind i ... | 1992 | 1323877 |
| mouse mx2 protein inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus but not influenza virus. | some but not all known mx proteins possess intrinsic antiviral activity. the mouse genome contains two related interferon-regulated genes, designated mx1 and mx2. mx1 codes for a nuclear 72-kda protein which selectively interferes with the multiplication of influenza viruses. the mx2 gene is crippled by a mutation in commonly used laboratory mouse strains and, hence, the antiviral potential of the mx2 protein was unknown. we have corrected the frameshift mutation in a cloned mx2 cdna by site-dir ... | 1992 | 1312277 |
| identification of heat shock protein 70 in the rabies virion. | we investigated a 73-kda polypeptide (p73), a minor component of the rabies virion (hep-flury and era strains), accounting for as much as 1% of total virion proteins. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with the antiserum against the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) demonstrated that p73 was identical to a constitutive type of cellular hsp70. the antiserum also detected p73/hsp70 in the purified virions of other negative-stranded rna viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (n ... | 1992 | 1325709 |
| assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids in vivo: a kinetic analysis. | pulse-chase labeling and cell fractionation were used to examine the pathways taken by the three nucleocapsid polypeptide species of vesicular stomatitis virus into nucleocapsids and then into virions. an improved method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved nucleocapsid polypeptides n and ns from cellular actin, facilitating accurate quantitation of the viral polypeptides. contrary to previous belief, the rate of ns synthesis was found to be a constant fraction of total virus protein s ... | 1979 | 232181 |
| synthesis and antiviral properties of (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin and related purine carbocyclic nucleosides. a new lead for anti-human cytomegalovirus agent design. | (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin (3) has been prepared in three steps beginning with the 2,3-o-isopropylidene derivative of (+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 beta, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-4-amino-1,2,3-cyclopentanetriol (7). also prepared from the same starting material were the related hypoxanthine (4), guanine (5), and 2,6-diaminopurine (6) analogues. compounds 3-6 were evaluated for antiviral activity against a large number of viruses with marked activity being observed for 3 towards vaccinia virus, human cytomegalovirus, ... | 1992 | 1326633 |
| phosphorylation of specific serine residues within the acidic domain of the phosphoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus regulates transcription in vitro. | the phosphorylated state of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein (p), an essential component of the virion-associated rna polymerase complex, has been shown to be important for the transcriptional activity of the complex. recent studies indicate that phosphorylation within the acidic domain of the p protein by cellular casein kinase ii is necessary for its activity. in an attempt to identify the exact location of the cell kinase-mediated phosphorylation, we altered specific serine and t ... | 1992 | 1326645 |
| mapping of homologous, amino-terminal neutralizing regions of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii gp46 envelope glycoproteins. | twelve synthetic peptides containing hydrophilic amino acid sequences of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) envelope glycoprotein were coupled to tetanus toxoid and used to raise epitope-specific antisera in goats and rabbits. low neutralizing antibody titers (1:10 to 1:20) raised in rabbits to peptides sp-2 (envelope amino acids [aa] 86 to 107), sp-3 (aa 176 to 189), and sp-4a (aa 190 to 209) as well as to combined peptide sp-3/4a (aa 176 to 209) were detected in the vesicular stom ... | 1992 | 1326649 |
| study of the avian sarcoma virus infection of chemically transformed cells. | bhk-21/13 cells transformed with various chemical carcinogens and mutagens were tested for susceptibility to avian sarcoma virus infection. the chemically transformed bhk cells were highly tumorigenic. the treatment of these cells in vitro with avian sarcoma virus strain schmidt-ruppin d resulted in chemically transformed and viral infected cells with different rescuability of the integrated virus genome. the different rescuability is not due to the difference in virus penetration as was shown b ... | 1979 | 232251 |
| feline leukemia virus subgroup c phenotype evolves through distinct alterations near the n terminus of the envelope surface glycoprotein. | feline leukemia viruses (felvs) belonging to the c subgroup induce aplastic anemia in domestic cats and have the ability, unique among felv strains, to proliferate in guinea pig fibroblasts in tissue culture. previous studies have shown that the pathogenic and host range specificity of a prototype molecular clone of felv-c [felv-sarma-c (fsc)] colocalize to a region encoding the 3' 73 amino acids of the pol gene product and the n-terminal 241 amino acids of the envelope surface glycoprotein name ... | 1992 | 1326757 |
| role of the phosphoprotein (p) in the encapsidation of presynthesized and de novo synthesized vesicular stomatitis virus rna by the nucleocapsid protein (n) in vitro. | encapsidation of presynthesized and nascent (synthesized de novo) vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) leader rna in vitro by the nucleocapsid protein (n) and the role of the phosphoprotein (p, previously known as ns) in this process were examined. presynthesized vsv leader rnas were derived from the sp6 transcription vectors containing both (+) and (-) leader genes while the nascent rna was derived from transcription of viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex. the n and the p proteins were made by tr ... | 1992 | 1313745 |
| formation of heterotrimers between the membrane-integrated and the soluble glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus leads to their intracellular cotransport. | bhk cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus serotype indiana generate intracellularly two different types of glycoproteins: the authentic membrane-integrated g protein of virions and a smaller soluble gs protein lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains which is secreted into the growth medium. a gs1 protein species which is formed during or shortly after translation in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is modified in the same way as the g1 protein by endoglycosidase h-sensitive oli ... | 1992 | 1313903 |
| local expression and exocytosis of viral glycoproteins in multinucleated muscle cells. | we have analyzed the distribution of enveloped viral infections in multinucleated l6 muscle cells. a temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus (mutant vsv ts045) was utilized at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees c). as expected, the glycoprotein (g protein) of this mutant was restricted to the er when the multinucleated cells were maintained at 39 degrees c. we demonstrate that this g protein remained localized when the infection was performed at low dose. by 4 h after infection t ... | 1992 | 1315787 |
| a method for the assay of "difficult" interferons exemplified with recombinant equine interferon-beta 1. | we wished to assay recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 (reqifn-beta 1) but could not obtain satisfactory results with previously described methods. therefore, we developed a yield-reduction assay, using primary horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) for challenge, which proved consistently satisfactory and highly sensitive. it is suggested that this method of assay may be useful for ifns from other animals where problems are encountered. | 1992 | 1315833 |
| blocking elisa for distinguishing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv)-infected animals from those vaccinated with a gene-deleted marker vaccine. | a sensitive and specific blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to distinguish infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv)-infected animals from those immunized with a glycoprotein giii deletion mutant, ibrv(ng)dltkdlgiii. for this elisa, undiluted test sera are used to block the binding of an anti-ibrv giii monoclonal antibody (mabgiii)-horseradish peroxidase (hrpo) conjugate to giii antigen. tmb substrate is used for color development. negative s/n values (defined ... | 1992 | 1331160 |
| interferon induction by viruses. xxi. vesicular stomatitis virus: interferon inducibility as a phylogenetic marker. | forty-five vesiculovirus isolates were systematically compared for their capacity to induce interferon (ifn) in chick embryo cells under conditions such that the maximum (quantum) yield of ifn per cell and the titer of ifn-inducing particles (ifp) could validly be determined. twelve isolates of the new jersey (nj) serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were good inducers, yielding amounts of ifn that ranged in a continuum from 300 to more than 8,000 units per 10(7) cells. these must reflec ... | 1992 | 1331259 |
| anti-hiv-1 activity of recombinant and hybrid species of interferon-alpha. | to identify candidate interferons (ifns) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and to investigate sequence-function relationships, the antiviral activities of nine species of recombinant ifn-alpha [ifn-alpha a, ifn-alpha b, ifn-alpha c, ifn-alpha d, ifn-alpha j, [ser116]ifn-alpha j1, ifn-alpha k, ifn-alpha j/c(fnu4hi), and ifn-alpha a/d(bglii)] were evaluated against hiv-1. mt-2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of each ifn and were then infected w ... | 1992 | 1331260 |
| the lateral mobility of some membrane proteins is determined by their ectodomains. | | 1992 | 1318107 |
| characterization of rabbit reticulocyte factor(s) that stimulates the translation of mrnas lacking 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine. | purified reticulocyte initiation factors were assayed for their ability to stimulate the translation of uncapped vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna relative to capped vsv mrna in reticulocyte lysates. both eif-3 and eif-4b preparations contained such an activity. however, at least some of the activity was due to the presence of an as yet unidentified factor that contaminated the eif-3 and eif-4b preparations. a polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 24,000 that can be specifically cross-lin ... | 1979 | 762141 |
| enhancement of animal viruses growth on rk13 cells pretreated with 6-azauridine. | in these experiments a technique for enhancing the virus replication in tissue culture (rk13 cells) has been used. the method consisted in growing the cells in presence of mug 0.4-0.8 of 6-azauridine/ml of cellular suspension until the monolayers were formed. this pretreatment enhances the replication of several animal viruses with increased infectious titers (vesicular stomatitis, equine arteritis, equine rhinopneumonitis, aujeszky disease and myxomatosis virus) and with increased yield of tota ... | 1976 | 828059 |
| restricted replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in t lymphocytes is coincident with a deficiency in a cellular protein kinase required for viral transcription. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) fails to replicate in mouse t lymphocytes unless the cells have been mitogenically stimulated with concanavalin a (con a). we have examined the possibility that the failure of vsv to replicate in unstimulated t lymphocytes can be attributed to a deficiency in a host protein kinase which activates the viral p protein by phosphorylation, thus rendering it transcriptionally competent. soluble extracts were prepared from purified mouse t lymphocytes, with or without ... | 1992 | 1335023 |
| double antibody sandwich elisa for the detection of rubella virus antigen. | we developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of rubella virus antigen, using two monoclonal antibodies, mc-7 and mc-22. the double antibody sandwich elisa method was carefully standardized and found to be sensitive enough to detect as small as 2.5 ng protein of rubella virus. the infective titers by the double antibody sandwich elisa closely related to those judged by interference of vesicular stomatitis virus in rk-13 cells. the method is simple, sensitive, and readi ... | 1992 | 1336082 |
| 5' sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus n-gene confers selective translation of mrna. | the infection of cells by vesicular stomatitis virus results in the rapid inhibition of host-cell protein synthesis, but not of viral protein synthesis. to determine if this translational selectivity might be conferred by the viral mrna, we constructed a plasmid (pucln beta-4) containing the 5' end of the viral nucleocapsid (n)-gene, including the ribosome binding site, fused in frame with the gene encoding beta-galactosidase, and compared it to a control plasmid (pmc1924) containing the cellula ... | 1992 | 1336374 |
| [reasons for lowered resistance to krebs 2 ascitic carcinoma in mice in a state of hyporeactivity (tolerance) to a viral interferon inducer]. | decreased resistance to krebs-2 ascitic carcinoma was demonstrated in mice which were in the state of hyporesponsiveness (tolerance) to virus interferon inducer (ndv) and increased resistance of the control mice to transplantation of tolerant carcinoma cells. manifestations of tolerance in peritoneal and carcinoma cells were shown to be identical: interferon production and reproduction of vesicular stomatitis virus were inhibited, the number of viable cells was reduced, masked infection with ndv ... | 1976 | 936575 |
| transport of protein between endoplasmic reticulum and golgi compartments in semiintact cells. | | 1992 | 1336806 |
| transport between golgi cisternae. | | 1992 | 1336807 |
| virus-specific effects of recombinant porcine interferon-gamma and the induction of mx proteins in pig cells. | interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and -gamma differed in their action against influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on pig cells. recombinant ifn-alpha severely impaired the cytopathic effect of vsv on pk-15 cells, whereas recombinant porcine ifn-gamma did not. ifn-alpha impaired also the replication of vsv and of influenza virus in primary pig kidney cells in contrast to ifn-gamma, which failed to induce an efficient antiviral state against both viruses. otherwise, the ifn system seem ... | 1992 | 1337754 |
| interferon induction in porcine leukocytes with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | leukocytes were harvested from the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph node and small intestinal lamina propria from groups of three piglets before, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after infection with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) at 2 weeks of age. the donor piglets developed clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis which persisted for up to 3 days, and they developed peak serum titres of tgev-neutralizing antibodies 2 weeks post-infection. the leukocytes were cultured in the ... | 1992 | 1345591 |
| high resolution polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. | a method was developed for high resolution electrophoresis of proteins in linear gradient (3 to 30%) polyacrylamide gel rods in a neutral phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. well-defined protein zones were observed and improved resolution was attained especially for low molecular weight proteins in preparations containing a variety of polypeptides, e.g. viruses that are often separated by continuous gel methods. electropherograms of continuous (8%) and gradient (3 to 30%) ge ... | 1976 | 1005359 |
| the establishment of polarized membrane traffic in xenopus laevis embryos. | delineation of apical and basolateral membrane domains is a critical step in the epithelialization of the outer layer of cells in the embryo. we have examined the initiation of polarized membrane traffic in xenopus and show that membrane traffic is not polarized in oocytes but polarized membrane domains appear at first cleavage. the following proteins encoded by injected rna transcripts were used as markers to monitor membrane traffic: (a) vsv g, a transmembrane glycoprotein preferentially inser ... | 1992 | 1355772 |
| inhibitory effect of acylphloroglucinol derivatives on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. | the antiviral activity of natural phloroglucinols and of synthesized mono- and diacylphloroglucinols, and 2,6-diacyl-4,4-dialkylcyclohexa-1,3,5-triones was investigated. a correlation between the acyl chain length and inhibitory activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was observed. potent antiviral activity was found in di-isovalerylphoroglucinol. 2,6-diacyl-4,4-dialkylcyclohexa-1,3,5-triones inhibited replication of the virus with low cytotoxicity. | 1992 | 1369410 |
| photodynamic inactivation of retrovirus by benzoporphyrin derivative: a feline leukemia virus model. | the ability of a photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring a (bpd-ma), and either broad-spectrum (400-1200 nm) or narrow-band (600-700 nm) red light to kill feline leukemia virus (felv) and felv-infected cat t cells (cell line 3201) was investigated in culture medium containing fetal calf serum and in blood from infected cats. a molecular clone of felv, 61e, is minimally pathogenic and productively infects 3201 cells while causing no change in rate of cell division, viability, or ... | 1992 | 1371895 |
| influence of 5'-terminal m7g and 2'--o-methylated residues on messenger ribonucleic acid binding to ribosomes. | removal of 80% of the 5'-terminal 7-methyl-guanosine (m7g) from methylated reovirus mrna by beta elimination results in a concomitant loss of the ability to bind to wheat germ ribosomes. the mrna molecules that retain the m7g account for most of the residual binding. removal of the m7g from all molecules in preparations of methylated reovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus mrna reduces the extent of binding to wheat germ ribosomes from 80% to 5-7%. in the reticulocyte lysate, however, significan ... | 1976 | 1009086 |
| newly synthesized class ii mhc chains are required for vsv g presentation to ctl clones. | mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation to thymus-derived lymphocytes have been under intense study for several years, focusing on both class i-restricted antigen presentation and class ii-mhc restricted responses. the studies described here examine the processing and presentation of exogenously provided soluble glycoprotein of the vesicular stomatitis virus and as well as newly synthesized viral glycoprotein. evidence is provided that newly synthesized class ii mhc chains are required ... | 1992 | 1309489 |
| cultivation of mammalian cells on macroporous microcarriers. | adherent cells can be cultivated in a stirred-tank bioreactor by attaching to microcarriers. macroporous microcarriers, with their intraparticle space and surface area for cell growth, can potentially support a higher cell concentration than conventional microcarriers, which support cell growth only on the external surface. chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and green monkey kidney (vero) cells were cultivated on macroporous microcarriers, cultispher-g. cells attached to the microcarriers at a sl ... | 1992 | 1372509 |
| an endogenous antigenic peptide bypasses the class i antigen presentation defect in rma-s. | the rma-s cell line was derived from the raucher virus-induced murine cell line rbl-5 by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis and anti-h-2 antibody plus complement selection (ljunggren, h.-g., and k. karre. 1985. j. exp. med. 162:1745). rma-s is defective in the ability to present endogenously synthesized antigens to class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) (townsend, a., c. ohlen, j. bastin, h.-g. ljunggren, l. foster, and k. karre. 1989. nature [lon ... | 1992 | 1311017 |
| high-temperature short-time heat inactivation of hiv and other viruses in human blood plasma. | an ultra-short-time heating system was used to process blood plasma spiked with various viruses (hiv, vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus). virus reduction and recovery of plasma proteins were measured at various temperatures from 65 to 85 degrees c. processing at 77 degrees c and 0.006 s resulted in a high level of virus kill, including greater than or equal to 4.4 log10 hiv, while maintaining protein structure and activity essentially intact. | 1992 | 1374578 |
| disulfide-bonded discontinuous epitopes on the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype). | intrachain disulfide bonds between paired cysteines in the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) are required for the recognition of discontinuous epitopes by specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (w. keil and r. r. wagner, virology 170:392-407, 1989). cleavage by staphylococcus aureus v8 protease of the 517-amino-acid vsv-new jersey g protein, limited to the glutamic acid at residue 110, resulted in a protein (designated gv8) with greatly retarded migration by polyacrylamide gel ... | 1992 | 1374811 |
| a combined pseudoreplica-immunochemical technique for research and diagnostic virology. | pseudoreplica and immunochemical techniques were combined in a single protocol for identification of virus in research and clinical specimens. stock preparations of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and herpes simplex virus (hsv) were used to develop the technique. traditional pseudoreplicas of viral stock solutions were prepared but not negatively stained. the virus was then immunolabeled in two stages. virus-specific polyclonal antisera were used in the first stage; coll ... | 1992 | 1375519 |
| ultrastructural aspects of replication of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in a suspected sand fly vector, lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | transmission electron microscopy was used to examine replication of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsnj) (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus) in lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae), a recently implicated sand fly vector. following ingestion of an infectious blood meal, female sand flies were fixed and examined at approximately 12-hr intervals for six days. the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus was first detected in the abdominal midgut after 34 hr of incub ... | 1992 | 1311534 |
| evidence for the regulation of exocytic transport by protein phosphorylation. | we investigated the effects of the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and microcystin-lr upon transport of newly synthesized proteins through the exocytic pathway. treatment of cho cells with 1 microm okadaic acid rapidly inhibited movement of a marker protein (vesicular stomatitis virus g protein) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi compartment. both okadaic acid and microcystin-lr also inhibited transport in an in vitro assay reconstituting movement to the golgi compartment, a ... | 1992 | 1311711 |
| sites of in vivo phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein. | we mapped the in vivo phosphorylation sites for the matrix (m) protein of the orsay and san juan strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, using limited proteolysis and phosphoamino acid analysis. m protein was solubilized from 32p-labeled virions by using detergent and high-salt conditions, then treated with either trypsin or staphylococcus aureus v8 protease, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography to determine which fragments contained phosphate r ... | 1992 | 1323702 |
| crystal structure of the major histocompatibility complex class i h-2kb molecule containing a single viral peptide: implications for peptide binding and t-cell receptor recognition. | to study the structure of a homogenous major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule containing a single bound peptide, a complex of recombinant mouse h-2kb, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), and a fragment of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) nuclear capsid protein, vsv-(n52-59) octapeptide (arg-gly-tyr-val-tyr-gln-gly-leu), was prepared by exploiting a high-yield bacterial expression system and in vitro cocomplex formation. the structure of mouse h-2kb revealed its similarity to thr ... | 1992 | 1325657 |
| monitoring of effects induced by recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 in whole blood and separated fractions of peripheral blood of horses. | interferon is known to induce antiviral mechanisms and to exert immunoregulatory capacities on various cell types. the antiviral capacity of recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 (reqifn-beta 1) is most sensitively monitored by indirect quantitation of multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in blood cells of horses. as few as 0.5 pg reqifn-beta 1/ml can be assessed by means of 90% reduction of vsv-replication in whole blood (w.b.) as well as in isolated mononuclear blood cells (mnc) i ... | 1992 | 1325723 |
| isoforms of the na,k-atpase are present in both axons and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. | the distributions of isoforms of the na,k-atpase alpha subunit were determined in mature cultured hippocampal neurons and in a polarized epithelial cell line. we find that hippocampal neurons express the alpha 1 and alpha 3 isoforms in the membranes of both axons and dendrites. in contrast the alpha 1 and alpha 3 proteins are exclusively basolateral when expressed endogenously or by stable transfection in renal epithelial cells. these data suggest that epithelial cells and hippocampal neurons lo ... | 1992 | 1326755 |
| role of viral envelope sialic acid in membrane fusion mediated by the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein. | fusion of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with cells and liposomes before and after treatment with neuraminidase was studied using the r18 dequenching assay. desialylation of vsv significantly enhanced the extent of fusion with vero cells but affected neither the ph dependence nor the binding of vsv to vero cells. the enhanced fusion of asialo-vsv was observed both at the plasma membrane as well as via the endocytic pathway. both vsv and asialo-vsv fused with liposomes made of neutral phospholi ... | 1992 | 1327132 |
| identification of a novel mechanism for the removal of glucose residues from high mannose-type oligosaccharides. | the role of glucosylated oligosaccharides in the biogenesis of the glycoprotein (g protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus was studied in phar2.7, a mouse lymphoma cell line deficient in glucosidase ii activity. as expected, the great majority of cell-associated g protein remained glucosylated in phar2.7, and the g protein was rapidly deglucosylated in bw5147, the parental cell line. despite these differences in glucosylation, the rates of g protein trimerization and transport to the cell surface ... | 1992 | 1328242 |
| subunit interactions of vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein influenced by detergent micelles and lipid bilayers. | the envelope glycoprotein (g protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus is a transmembrane protein that exists as a trimer of identical subunits in the virus envelope. we have examined the effect of modifying the environment surrounding the membrane-spanning sequence on the association of g protein subunits using resonance energy transfer. g protein subunits were labeled with either fluorescein isothiocyanate or rhodamine isothiocyanate. when the labeled g proteins were mixed in the presence of the ... | 1992 | 1329949 |
| effects of pseudorabies virus infection upon cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of porcine alveolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages (am) infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) were compared to noninfected am for cytotoxicity against foreign or transformed cells and production of interferon (ifn). five prv strains were used to infect am including strains that are known to be highly virulent for pigs, i.e. strain 4892 and strain s-62 as well as strains that are regarded as mild or nonvirulent, i.e. buk and bartha. the multiplicity of infection ranged from 0.005 to 0.05 tcid50/cell. the target cells in the ... | 1992 | 1330423 |
| morphological analysis of protein transport from the er to golgi membranes in digitonin-permeabilized cells: role of the p58 containing compartment. | the glycoside digitonin was used to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane exposing functionally and morphologically intact er and golgi compartments. permeabilized cells efficiently transported vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) through sealed, membrane-bound compartments in an atp and cytosol dependent fashion. transport was vectorial. vsv-g protein was first transported to punctate structures which colocalized with p58 (a putative marker for peripheral punctate pre-golgi in ... | 1992 | 1447290 |
| in vitro virucidal effects of allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. | garlic (allium sativum) has been shown to have antiviral activity, but the compounds responsible have not been identified. using direct pre-infection incubation assays, we determined the in vitro virucidal effects of fresh garlic extract, its polar fraction, and the following garlic associated compounds: diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), allyl methyl thiosulfinate, methyl allyl thiosulfinate, ajoene, alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. activity was determined against s ... | 1992 | 1470664 |
| positive selection of t-lymphocytes induced by intrathymic injection of a thymic epithelial cell line. | t lymphocytes recognize antigens as peptide fragments associated with molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. in the thymus, t cells bearing alpha beta receptors that react with the mhc molecules expressed by radioresistant stromal elements are positively selected for maturation. in (a x b-->a) bone marrow chimaeras, t cells restricted to the mhc-a haplotype are positively selected, whereas mhc-b-reactive thymocyte ... | 1992 | 1331804 |
| synthesis and biological activity of new heterocyclic structures: [1,3]thiazino[2,3-i]purine, thiazolo[3,2-c] [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidine and [1,2,3]triazolo [4', 5': 4,5] pyrimido[6,1-b][1,3]thiazine. | some derivatives of thiazolo[3,2-c]pyrimidine, pyrimido[6,1-b][1,3]thiazine, thiazolo[2,3-i]purine, [1,3]thiazino[2,3-i]purine, thiazolo[3,2-c][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4',5':4,5]pyrimido[6,1-b][1,3]thiazine were prepared. the compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antimycotic activity on a number of strains, namely, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, p. mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, bacillus sub ... | 1992 | 1482518 |
| use of two-stage incubations to define sequential intermediates in endoplasmic reticulum to golgi transport. | identification of the temporal requirement for components through the use of two-stage incubations is valuable in dissecting the overall transport reaction into steps relevant to vesicle fission and those related to vesicle fusion. in the context of semiintact mammalian cells in which a functional vesicle intermediate has not been detected, components playing a role in targeting are presently difficult to identify. however, the two-stage incubations are particularly powerful when either the dono ... | 1992 | 1487999 |
| the rubella virus e1 glycoprotein is arrested in a novel post-er, pre-golgi compartment. | evidence is accumulating that a distinct compartment(s) exists in the secretory pathway interposed between the rough er (rer) and the golgi stack. in this study we have defined a novel post-rer, pre-golgi compartment where unassembled subunits of rubella virus (rv) e1 glycoprotein accumulate. when rv e1 is expressed in cho cells in the absence of e2 glycoprotein, transport of e1 to the golgi complex is arrested. the compartment in which e1 accumulates consists of a tubular network of smooth memb ... | 1992 | 1500424 |
| virus sterilization in platelet concentrates with psoralen and ultraviolet a light in the presence of quenchers. | the virucidal and functional effect of the treatment of platelet concentrates (pcs) with long-wave ultraviolet light (uva) and the psoralen derivative 4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (amt) was studied. cell-free vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was completely inactivated (greater than or equal to 6.5 log10) on treatment of pcs with 25 micrograms per ml (85 microm) of amt and with 20.7 j per cm2 (30 min) of uva in the presence of air, or with 82.8 j per cm2 (2 hours) of uva under conditio ... | 1992 | 1502707 |
| stepwise phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus p protein by virion-associated kinases and uncoupling of second step from in vitro transcription. | transcription-competent cores of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) contain two tightly bound protein kinase activities capable of phosphorylating the viral p protein (beckes and perrault, virology 184, 383-386, 1991). we examined here the specificity of these kinases for the p protein substrate and their activity during the in vitro transcription process. conditions favoring the vsvk1 kinase activity resulted in phosphorylation of the p1 species predominantly whereas conditions favoring vsvk2, or ... | 1992 | 1316676 |
| the role of superoxide anions in the establishment of an interferon-alpha-mediated antiviral state. | it has been suggested that cuzn-superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) is required for the establishment of an interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral state. to investigate this possibility further, a panel of 6 stably transfected hela clones, expressing cuznsod activity from 1.6 to 7.3 times the normal level, were treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interferon alpha a (rhuifn-alpha a) followed by challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). a biphasic response curve was generated ... | 1992 | 1332917 |
| active respiratory syncytial virus purified by ion-exchange chromatography: characterization of binding and elution requirements. | two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were used to evaluate viral purification by an affinity resin column (matrex cellufine sulfate (mcs); amicon division, wr grace & co.). viable rsv was purified significantly from crude cell lysate by a single pass through a column containing the anionic mcs resin. most cell protein and albumin eluted from the mcs resin with phosphate buffered saline (pbs) but rsv eluted at high ionic strength, i.e., greater than ... | 1992 | 1517352 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ... | 1992 | 1546452 |
| immunocytochemical analysis of the transfer of vesicular stomatitis virus g glycoprotein from the intermediate compartment to the golgi complex. | we performed an immunocytochemical analysis to study the transfer of a marker protein (g glycoprotein coded by vesicular stomatitis virus ts 045 strain) from the intermediate compartment to the golgi stacks in infected vero cells. the intermediate compartment seemed to consist of about 30-40 separate units of clustered small vesicles and short tubules. the units contained rab2 protein and were spread throughout the cytoplasm, with a ratio of about 6:4 in the peripheral versus perinuclear site. t ... | 1992 | 1320035 |
| opposite polarity of virus budding and of viral envelope glycoprotein distribution in epithelial cells derived from different tissues. | we compared the surface envelope glycoprotein distribution and the budding polarity of four rna viruses in fischer rat thyroid (frt) cells and in caco-2 cells derived from a human colon carcinoma. whereas both frt and caco-2 cells sort similarly influenza hemagglutinin and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) g protein, respectively, to apical and basolateral membrane domains, they differ in their handling of two togaviruses, sindbis and semliki forest virus (sfv). by conventional em sindbis virus a ... | 1992 | 1572895 |
| infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell lines by cell-free human t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i. | previous studies of in vitro infection by human t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) have required cocultivation of target cells with htlv-i cell lines or vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes containing htlv-i envelope proteins. we report here the development of a cell-free infection assay for htlv-i. target cells were incubated with purified, dnase-treated htlv-i virions for 4 h at 37 degrees c. target cell dna was then analyzed for the presence of newly synthesized htlv-i proviral ... | 1992 | 1572977 |
| nuclear localization of mouse mx1 protein is necessary for inhibition of influenza virus. | the interferon-induced mx1 protein of mice confers selective resistance to influenza virus. it inhibits viral mrna synthesis in the nucleus of influenza virus-infected cells. the related human mxa protein is localized in the cytoplasm and can inhibit influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus but not other viruses. mxa blocks a poorly defined cytoplasmic multiplication step of influenza virus that follows primary transcription of the viral genome. we previously showed that nuclear variants o ... | 1992 | 1321288 |
| inactivation of viruses in red cell and platelet concentrates with aluminum phthalocyanine (aipc) sulfonates. | aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates (aipcs) are photoactive compounds with absorption maxima at 665-675 nm. the inactivation of viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, vsv; human immunodeficiency virus, hiv) added to either whole blood or red blood cell concentrates (rbcc) and platelet concentrates (pc) on treatment with tetrasulfonated aipc (aipcs4) was evaluated. treatment of rbcc with 10 microm aipcs4 and 44 j/cm2 visible light resulted in the inactivation of greater than or equal to 10(5.5) ... | 1992 | 1617188 |
| phosphorylation by cellular casein kinase ii is essential for transcriptional activity of vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein p. | we have previously shown that phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) phosphoprotein p by cellular protein kinase activity is an essential prerequisite for its transcriptional function. we have now purified this protein kinase by monitoring its ability to phosphorylate bacterially expressed, unphosphorylated p protein. biochemical studies showed that the kinase is indistinguishable from casein kinase ii, a ubiquitous cyclic amp-independent protein kinase present in a wide variety of ... | 1992 | 1321444 |
| importance of type i and type ii mechanisms in the photodynamic inactivation of viruses in blood with aluminum phthalocyanine derivatives. | the relative importance of type i and type ii mechanisms in the photodynamic treatment of red blood cell concentrations (rbcc) to inactivate viruses was studied using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (alpcs4), visible light and quenching or enhancing agents of reactive forms of oxygen. treatment of a human rbcc with 10-13 microm alpcs4 and 25-26 mw/cm2 visible light resulted in the rapid and complete inactivation of added vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the addition of mannitol, glycerol ... | 1992 | 1333614 |
| immunosuppression by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: competent effector t and b cells but impaired antigen presentation. | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) may cause a severe immunosuppression in mice. its pathogenesis is apparently dependent on lcmv-specific cd8 effector t cells that mediate the destruction of virus-infected cells which are normally essentially involved in immune responses. evaluation of various lcmv isolates in this study established a general correlation between their tropism for lymphohemopoietic cells and immunosuppression. when immune responses were assessed as the capacity of mice to ... | 1992 | 1623925 |
| o-glycosylation of the coronavirus m protein. differential localization of sialyltransferases in n- and o-linked glycosylation. | it has previously been shown that the m (e1) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) contains only o-linked oligosaccharides and localizes to the golgi region when expressed independently. a detailed pulse-chase analysis was made of the addition of o-linked sugars to the m protein; upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, three different electrophoretic forms could be distinguished that corresponded to the sequential acquisition of n-acetylgalactosamine ... | 1992 | 1629209 |
| titers of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, in naturally infected male and female lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in georgia. | seven isolates of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus were obtained from pooled specimens of phlebotomine sand flies, lutzomyia shannoni dyar, collected on ossabaw island, chatham county, ga., in 1989 and 1990. three isolates, including two from males, were obtained from light-trapped sand flies in 1989. four isolates were obtained from pools of sand flies collected from hollow trees in 1990. three of the latter pools contained from 4.0 to 4.7 log10 of plaque-forming uni ... | 1992 | 1322992 |
| myristylation of the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. | the envelope glycoprotein g of the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus was modified not only by palmitylation, but also by myristylation, both occurring at the carboxy-terminal segment. when infected chinese hamster ovary cells were grown in medium containing [3h]-myristate, the g protein and ga2, the membrane-anchoring fragment containing about 71 amino acids, were labeled. this was shown by immunoprecipitation of cell lysates or extracellular fractions of infected cultures. thin-lay ... | 1991 | 1645706 |
| lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an rna virus polymerase. | the in vitro fidelity of the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus was quantitated for a single conserved viral rna site and the usual high in vitro base misincorporation error frequencies (approx. 10(-3)) were observed at this (guanine) site. we sought evidence for rna 3'-->5' exonuclease proofreading mechanisms by varying the concentrations of the next nucleoside triphosphate, by incorporation of nucleoside[1-thio]triphosphate analogues of the four natural rna nucleosi ... | 1992 | 1336756 |