| design and construction of chimeric vp8-s2 antigen for bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. | bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus are the most important causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in some other species such as pigs and sheep. rotavirus vp8 subunit is the major determinant of the viral infectivity and neutralization. spike glycoprotein of coronavirus is responsible for induction of neutralizing antibody response. | 2016 | 27123423 |
| comparative molecular epidemiology of two closely related coronaviruses, bovine coronavirus (bcov) and human coronavirus oc43 (hcov-oc43), reveals a different evolutionary pattern. | bovine coronaviruses (bcovs) are widespread around the world and cause enteric or respiratory infections among cattle. the current study includes 13 samples from bcovs collected in normandy during an 11-year period (from 2003 to 2014), 16 french hcov-oc43s, and 113 bcovs or bcovs-like sequence data derived from partial or complete genome sequences available on genbank. according to a genotyping method developed previously for hcov-oc43, bcovs and bcovs-like are distributed on three main sub-clus ... | 2016 | 26969241 |
| phylogenetic investigation of enteric bovine coronavirus in ireland reveals partitioning between european and global strains. | bovine coronavirus is a primary cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide, and is also associated with acute diarrhea in adult cattle during the winter season. there are no reports on molecular characterization of bovine coronavirus in ireland, and little data exists apart from serological studies. | 2015 | 26719792 |
| development of a novel detection system for microbes from bovine diarrhea by real-time pcr. | diarrhea in cattle is one of the most economically costly disorders, decreasing milk production and weight gain. in the present study, we established a novel simultaneous detection system using taqman real-time pcr designed as a system for detection of microbes from bovine diarrhea using real-time pcr (referred to as dembo-pcr). dembo-pcr simultaneously detects a total of 19 diarrhea-causing pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. specific primer-probe sets were newly designed for 7 ... | 2016 | 26616156 |
| daclatasvir-containing all-oral regimens for the treatment of hepatitis c virus infection. | the treatment of chronic hepatitis c is revolutionizing rapidly. the aim of this study is to review the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir (dcv)-containing all-oral regimens in clinical studies for chronic hepatitis c treatment. using pubmed and search terms of 'dcv,' 'hepatitis c virus (hcv) treatment,' and 'hcv ns5a inhibitors,' literature on the clinical development of dcv, as well as abstracts presented at the april 2015 annual meeting of the european association for the study of the liver ( ... | 2016 | 26542068 |
| the lipid moiety of brincidofovir is required for in vitro antiviral activity against ebola virus. | brincidofovir (bcv) is the 3-hexadecyloxy-1-propanol (hdp) lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir (cdv). bcv has established broad-spectrum activity against double-stranded dna (dsdna) viruses; however, its activity against rna viruses has been less thoroughly evaluated. here, we report that bcv inhibited infection of ebola virus in multiple human cell lines. unlike the mechanism of action for bcv against cytomegalovirus and other dsdna viruses, phosphorylation of cdv to ... | 2016 | 26526586 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine coronavirus circulating in argentinean cattle during 1994-2010. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is an important viral pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. our aim was to investigate the incidence of bcov in diarrhea outbreaks in beef and dairy herds from argentina during 1994-2010. a total of 5.365 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were screened for bcov diagnosis by elisa. the virus was detected in 1.71% (92/5365) of the samples corresponding to 5.95% (63/1058) of the diarrhea cases in 239 beef and 324 dairy farms. the detection rate of bcov was sig ... | 2015 | 26520931 |
| detection and molecular characterisation of bovine corona and toroviruses from croatian cattle. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) together with bovine torovirus (btov), both members of the coronaviridae family, order nidovirales are the most common viral enteric pathogens. although studied separately, their joint occurrence and the molecular diversity in cattle in croatia have not been investigated. | 2015 | 26268320 |
| absence of mers-coronavirus in bactrian camels, southern mongolia, november 2014. | | 2015 | 26080032 |
| review article: the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has evolved dramatically after the introduction of direct acting anti-virals. ns5a protein plays an important role in hcv replication and is an attractive target for drug development. | 2015 | 26014906 |
| the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of brincidofovir for the treatment of lethal rabbitpox virus infection: a model of smallpox disease. | brincidofovir (bcv) has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against dsdna viruses, including smallpox, and is being developed as a treatment for smallpox as well as infections caused by other dsdna viruses. bcv has previously been shown to be active in multiple animal models of smallpox. here we present the results of a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a novel, "humanized" regimen of bcv for treatment of new zealand white rabbits infected with a ... | 2015 | 25746331 |
| respiratory pathogens in québec dairy calves and their relationship with clinical status, lung consolidation, and average daily gain. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is 1 of the 2 most important causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. surprisingly, field data are scant concerning the prevalence of respiratory pathogens involved in brd in preweaned dairy calves, especially in small herds. | 2015 | 25619524 |
| postchallenge administration of brincidofovir protects healthy and immune-deficient mice reconstituted with limited numbers of t cells from lethal challenge with ihd-j-luc vaccinia virus. | protection from lethality by postchallenge administration of brincidofovir (bcv, cmx001) was studied in normal and immune-deficient (nude, nu/nu) balb/c mice infected with vaccinia virus (vacv). whole-body bioluminescence imaging was used to record total fluxes in the nasal cavity, lungs, spleen, and liver and to enumerate pox lesions on tails of mice infected via the intranasal route with 10(5) pfu of recombinant ihd-j-luc vacv expressing luciferase. areas under the flux curve (aucs) were calcu ... | 2015 | 25589648 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus in swedish organic and conventional dairy herds. | infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bocv) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. it has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. organically managed (om) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (cm) herds. the objective of this study was to challeng ... | 2015 | 25582919 |
| longitudinal study of salmonella spp., diarrheagenic escherichia coli, rotavirus, and coronavirus isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves in a brazilian dairy herd. | this prospective longitudinal study investigated the epidemiology of enteric disease associated with infections in calves aging up to 70 days. a total of 850 fecal samples were collected from 67 calves. seventeen isolates of salmonella spp. were recovered from feces of 11 calves (16.4%), and statistical analysis revealed no association between the presence of salmonella spp. and clinical signs of diarrhea or age. virulence factors of escherichia coli were identified in 103 strains: eae (7), k99/ ... | 2015 | 25311440 |
| prevalence of endemic enteropathogens of calves in new zealand dairy farms. | to conduct a country-wide prevalence study of bovine group a rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella spp. and enterotoxigenic k99(+) escherichia coli (k99) in calves on new zealand dairy farms. | 2015 | 25237728 |
| bovine coronavirus suspected in the deaths of housed calves. | | 2014 | 25234457 |
| prevalence of rotavirus (garv) and coronavirus (bcov) associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves in western algeria. | to study the prevalence of bovine group a rotavirus (garv) and bovine coronavirus (bcov) in diarrheic feces from calves and the sensitive's parameters such as age group and sex. | 2014 | 25183104 |
| simultaneous concentration of bovine viruses and agricultural zoonotic bacteria from water using sodocalcic glass wool filters. | infiltration and runoff from manured agricultural fields can result in livestock pathogens reaching groundwater and surface waters. here, we measured the effectiveness of glass wool filters to simultaneously concentrate enteric viruses and bacteria of bovine origin from water. the recovery efficiencies were determined for bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, bovine rotavirus group a, bovine coronavirus, poliovirus sabin iii, toxigenic escherichia coli ,and campylobacter jejuni seeded into ... | 2014 | 25059211 |
| surveillance of diarrhea-causing pathogens in dairy and beef cows in yamagata prefecture, japan from 2002 to 2011. | the economic consequences of bovine diarrhea are serious. few long-term epidemiological data are available concerning the causative pathogens of bovine diarrhea in japan. from 2002 to 2011, surveillance of enteric pathogens was performed in cows of various breed and age from 302 farms in which diarrhea had occurred in yamagata prefecture, japan. differences between dairy and beef cows in the number of cases of diarrhea and rates of infection by salmonella spp. and eimeria spp. were found. clinic ... | 2014 | 25039819 |
| simultaneous rapid sequencing of multiple rna virus genomes. | comparing sequences of archived viruses collected over many years to the present allows the study of viral evolution and contributes to the design of new vaccines. however, the difficulty, time and expense of generating full-length sequences individually from each archived sample have hampered these studies. next generation sequencing technologies have been utilized for analysis of clinical and environmental samples to identify viral pathogens that may be present. this has led to the discovery o ... | 2014 | 24589514 |
| isolation of bovine coronavirus (bcov) in vero cell line and its confirmation by direct fat and rt-pcr. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is widespread both in dairy and beef cattle throughout the world. the virus is one of the largest rna virus and has specific tropism for intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cells. it is responsible for huge economic losses by causing winter dysentery in adult dairy cattle and respiratory and intestinal tract infections leading to pneumo-enteritis in young calves. isolation of bcov has been reported to be difficult. studies regarding epidemiology, virus isolation and mol ... | 2013 | 24511744 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in norway. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. the seroprevalence to brsv in norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. the aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of brsv and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of brd and to perform phylogenetic analysis of norwegian brsv strains. | 2014 | 24423030 |
| a leaderless genome identified during persistent bovine coronavirus infection is associated with attenuation of gene expression. | the establishment of persistent viral infection is often associated with the selection of one or more mutant viruses. for example, it has been found that an intraleader open reading frame (orf) in genomic and subgenomic mrna (sgmrna) molecules is selected during bovine coronavirus (bcov) persistence which leads to translation attenuation of the downstream orf. here, we report the unexpected identification of leaderless genomes, in addition to leader-containing genomes, in a cell culture persiste ... | 2013 | 24349214 |
| a multigene approach for comparing genealogy of betacoronavirus from cattle and horses. | gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young and newborn animals and is often caused by multiple intestinal infections, with rotavirus and bovine coronavirus (bcov) being the main viral causes in cattle. given that bcov is better studied than equine coronaviruses and given the possibility of interspecies transmission of these viruses, this research was designed to compare the partial sequences of the spike glycoprotein (s), hemagglutinin-esterase protein (h ... | 2013 | 24348152 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in saudi arabia, 2010 to 2013. | in saudi arabia, including regions of riyadh and al ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppnt) and microneutralisation (mnt) tests detected no antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of mers-cov antibodies. bovine coronavirus (bcov) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in mers-cov ppnt or mnt, while many dromedary camels’ sera reacted ... | 2013 | 24342517 |
| identification of pathogens and virulence profile of rhodococcus equi and escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks. | the identification of pathogens of viral (rotavirus, coronavirus), parasitic (toxocara spp.) and bacterial (escherichia coli, salmonella spp., rhodococcus equi) origin shed in feces, and the virulence profile of r. equi and e. coli isolates were investigated in 200 samples of sand obtained from 40 parks, located in central region of state of sao paulo, brazil, using different diagnostic methods. from 200 samples analyzed, 23 (11.5%) strains of r. equi were isolated. none of the r. equi isolates ... | 2013 | 24294244 |
| effects of dietary vitamin a content on antibody responses of feedlot calves inoculated intramuscularly with an inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine. | to investigate effects of low dietary vitamin a content on antibody responses in feedlot calves inoculated with an inactivated bovine coronavirus (bcov) vaccine. | 2013 | 24066921 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study. | a new betacoronavirus-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)-has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of mers-cov. anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary camels or goats. we investigated possible animal reservoirs of mers-cov by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. | 2013 | 23933067 |
| regulation of coronaviral poly(a) tail length during infection. | the positive-strand coronavirus genome of ~30 kilobase in length and subgenomic (sg) mrnas of shorter lengths, are 5' and 3'-co-terminal by virtue of a common 5'-capped leader and a common 3'-polyadenylated untranslated region. here, by ligating head-to-tail viral rnas from bovine coronavirus-infected cells and sequencing across the ligated junctions, it was learned that at the time of peak viral rna synthesis [6 hours postinfection (hpi)] the 3' poly(a) tail on genomic and sgmrnas is ~65 nucleo ... | 2013 | 23923003 |
| case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea. | calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the us cattle industry. a variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. a case-control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in midwest cattle farms. a total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. samples were tested by a panel of multiplex pcr ... | 2013 | 23886509 |
| characterization of a critical interaction between the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and nonstructural protein 3 of the viral replicase-transcriptase complex. | the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) plays an essential structural role in virions through a network of interactions with positive-strand viral genomic rna, the envelope membrane protein (m), and other n molecules. additionally, n protein participates in at least one stage of the complex mechanism of coronavirus rna synthesis. we previously uncovered an unanticipated interaction between n and the largest subunit of the viral replicase-transcriptase complex, nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). th ... | 2013 | 23760243 |
| negatively charged residues in the endodomain are critical for specific assembly of spike protein into murine coronavirus. | coronavirus spike (s) protein assembles into virions via its carboxy-terminus, which is composed of a transmembrane domain and an endodomain. here, the carboxy-terminal charge-rich motif in the endodomain was verified to be critical for the specificity of s assembly into mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). recombinant mhvs exhibited a range of abilities to accommodate the homologous s endodomains from the betacoronaviruses bovine coronavirus and human sars-associated coronavirus, the alphacoronavirus p ... | 2013 | 23628137 |
| crystal structure of bovine coronavirus spike protein lectin domain. | the spike protein n-terminal domains (ntds) of bovine coronavirus (bcov) and mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) recognize sugar and protein receptors, respectively, despite their significant sequence homology. we recently determined the crystal structure of mhv ntd complexed with its protein receptor murine carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1), which surprisingly revealed a human galectin (galactose-binding lectin) fold in mhv ntd. here, we have determined at 1.55 å ... | 2012 | 23091051 |
| development and performance evaluation of calf diarrhea pathogen nucleic acid purification and detection workflow. | calf diarrhea (scours) is a primary cause of illness and death in young calves. significant economic losses associated with this disease include morbidity, mortality, and direct cost of treatment. multiple pathogens are responsible for infectious diarrhea, including, but not limited to, bovine coronavirus (bcv), bovine rotavirus a (brv), and cryptosporidium spp. identification and isolation of carrier calves are essential for disease management. texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory cur ... | 2012 | 22914823 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of bovine rotavirus. | bovine rotavirus (brv) infection is common in young calves. this viral infection causes acute diarrhea leading to death. rapid identification of infected calves is essential to control brv successfully. therefore development of simple, highly specific, and sensitive detection method for brv is needed. | 2012 | 22894568 |
| tracing the transmission of bovine coronavirus infections in cattle herds based on s gene diversity. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is found worldwide and causes respiratory infections and diarrhoea in calves and adult cattle. in order to investigate the molecular epidemiology of bcov, 27 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) positive samples from 25 cattle herds in different parts of sweden were analysed. a 1038-nucleotide fragment was pcr amplified and directly sequenced. the analysed bcov strains showed a high sequence identity, regardless of whether they were obtained from out ... | 2012 | 22750286 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analysis of bovine coronavirus based on the spike glycoprotein gene. | bovine coronavirus has been associated with diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract infections in calves and feedlot cattle. in cuba, the presence of bcov was first reported in 2006. since then, sporadic outbreaks have continued to occur. this study was aimed at deepening the knowledge of the evolution, molecular markers of virulence and epidemiology of bcov in cuba. a total of 30 samples collected between 2009 and 2011 were used for pcr amplification ... | 2012 | 22634277 |
| [prokaryotic expression of hn gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 and the establishment of indirect elisa method]. | the prokaryotic expression plasmid pqe30-hn of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) strain hj-1 was expressed by iptg induction in e. coli xl1blue. the recombinant hn protein(rhn) was purified by electroeluting method, and used as coated antigen. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect the antibody valence of bpiv3. the best working conditions of elisa were as follows: the antigen concentration was 6 micr ... | 2012 | 22416346 |
| development and application of one-step multiplex reverse transcription pcr for simultaneous detection of five diarrheal viruses in adult cattle. | a one-step multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method was developed for the simultaneous detection of five viruses causing diarrhea in adult cattle: bovine group a rotavirus (gar), bovine group b rotavirus (gbr), bovine group c rotavirus (gcr), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine torovirus (btov). the detection limit of the one-step multiplex rt-pcr for gar, gcr, bcv, and btov was 10(2), 10(0), 10(1), and 10(2) tcid(50)/ml, respectively, and that for gbr was 10(6) copies/ml. the one-step m ... | 2012 | 22407445 |
| genetic evidence of a long-range rna-rna interaction between the genomic 5' untranslated region and the nonstructural protein 1 coding region in murine and bovine coronaviruses. | higher-order rna structures in the 5' untranslated regions (utrs) of the mouse hepatitis coronavirus (mhv) and bovine coronavirus (bcov), separate species in the betacoronavirus genus, appear to be largely conserved despite an ∼36% nucleotide sequence divergence. in a previous study, each of three 5'-end-proximal cis-acting stem-loop domains in the bcov genome, i/ii, iii, and iv, yielded near-wild-type (wt) mhv phenotypes when used by reverse genetics to replace its counterpart in the mhv genome ... | 2012 | 22345457 |
| application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance - examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in sweden. | financial resources may limit the number of samples that can be collected and analysed in disease surveillance programmes. when the aim of surveillance is disease detection and identification of case herds, a risk-based approach can increase the sensitivity of the surveillance system. in this paper, the association between two network analysis measures, i.e. 'in-degree' and 'ingoing infection chain', and signs of infection is investigated. it is shown that based on regression analysis of combine ... | 2012 | 22265643 |
| the detection and genetic characterization based on the s1 gene region of bcovs from respiratory and enteric infections in turkey. | we investigated bovine coronavirus (bcov) as an etiological agent in cattle with clinical respiratory and digestive signs using 147 feces and 199 nasal swab samples. a total of 18 test samples (16 feces and 2 nasal swap samples) were detected positive by elisa and/or rt-pcr targeting the bcov n gene. the partial s1 gene regions of bcovs (an-4 and an-11) detected in feces samples from two herd-mate dairy calves were compared. virological and serological results indicated that bcovs are widespread ... | 2011 | 26353053 |
| differentiation of bovine coronavirus (bcov) genotypes by a restriction enzyme assay. | this article reports the use of the gsui restriction enzyme to differentiate genotypes of bovine coronavirus (bcov), based on an 18-nucleotide deletion of s1-coding region found in one of the two genotypes. it was concluded that this assay can be used as a rapid tool for bcov genotypes differentiation. | 2010 | 24031559 |
| brazilian strain of bovine respiratory coronavirus is derived from dual enteric and respiratory tropism. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is a pathogen related to enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle worldwide. enteric (becov) strains of bcov are predominant in south america, and genetic investigations have been conducted to identify its relationship with isolates of respiratory origin (brcov). in this study, we used a brcov strain (br-uel11) derived from an outbreak of respiratory disease in feedlot cattle in southern brazil, and compared the partial sequence of the polymorphic region of spike (whi ... | 2017 | 28387879 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vp1 and rdrp genes of brazilian aichivirus b strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves. | aichivirus b has been reported worldwide in calves and adult cattle with and without diarrhea. the aim of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the rdrp and vp1 genes of aichivirus b strains identified as the most frequent etiologic agent in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a high-production brazilian dairy cattle herd. preliminary laboratory analysis ruled out important enteropathogens (cryptosporidium spp; eimeria spp., e. coli f5, and bovine coronavirus). fecal samples fr ... | 2017 | 28849283 |
| evaluation of fast technology analysis (fta) cards as an improved method for specimen collection and shipment targeting viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. | in order to improve the analytic quality of respiratory specimens collected from cattle for nucleic acid-based diagnosis, a study was undertaken to verify realtime pcr efficiency of specimens collected and stabilized on fta cards™, filter paper which is treated chemically. nucleic acids collected using fta cards without the need for a cold-chain or special liquid media handling provided realtime pcr results consistent (96.8% agreement, kappa 0.923 [95% ci=0.89-0.96]) with the same specimens coll ... | 2014 | 24657552 |
| the 3'-terminal 55 nucleotides of bovine coronavirus defective interfering rna harbor cis-acting elements required for both negative- and positive-strand rna synthesis. | the synthesis of the negative-strand [(-)-strand] complement of the ∼30 kilobase, positive-strand [(+)-strand] coronaviral genome is a necessary early step for genome replication. the identification of cis-acting elements required for (-)-strand rna synthesis in coronaviruses, however, has been hampered due to insufficiencies in the techniques used to detect the (-)-strand rna species. here, we employed a method of head-to-tail ligation and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase ... | 2014 | 24852421 |
| dependence of coronavirus rna replication on an nh2-terminal partial nonstructural protein 1 in cis. | genomes of positive (+)-strand rna viruses use cis-acting signals to direct both translation and replication. here we examine two 5'-proximal cis-replication signals of different character in a defective interfering (di) rna of the bovine coronavirus (bcov) that map within a 322-nucleotide (nt) sequence (136 nt from the genomic 5' untranslated region and 186 nt from the nonstructural protein 1 [nsp1]-coding region) not found in the otherwise-identical nonreplicating subgenomic mrna7 (sgmrna7). t ... | 2014 | 24872586 |
| regulation of coronaviral poly(a) tail length during infection is not coronavirus species- or host cell-specific. | it has been demonstrated that the length of the poly(a) tail in the bovine coronavirus (bcov), which belongs to genus betacoronaviruses, is regulated throughout infection in human rectal tumor-18 (hrt-18) cells, and the length of the poly(a) tail is associated with the efficiency of virus translation. here, we examined whether the regulation of viral poly(a) tail length is cell-type independent and whether it is a common feature of coronaviruses to assess the significance of the regulation. by l ... | 2014 | 25034371 |
| identification of cis-acting elements on positive-strand subgenomic mrna required for the synthesis of negative-strand counterpart in bovine coronavirus. | it has been demonstrated that, in addition to genomic rna, sgmrna is able to serve as a template for the synthesis of the negative-strand [(-)-strand] complement. however, the cis-acting elements on the positive-strand [(+)-strand] sgmrna required for (-)-strand sgmrna synthesis have not yet been systematically identified. in this study, we employed real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze the cis-acting elements on bovine coronavirus (bcov) sgmrna 7 requ ... | 2014 | 25080125 |
| co-administration of the broad-spectrum antiviral, brincidofovir (cmx001), with smallpox vaccine does not compromise vaccine protection in mice challenged with ectromelia virus. | natural orthopoxvirus outbreaks such as vaccinia, cowpox, cattlepox and buffalopox continue to cause morbidity in the human population. monkeypox virus remains a significant agent of morbidity and mortality in africa. furthermore, monkeypox virus's broad host-range and expanding environs make it of particular concern as an emerging human pathogen. monkeypox virus and variola virus (the etiological agent of smallpox) are both potential agents of bioterrorism. the first line response to orthopoxvi ... | 2014 | 25128688 |
| agreement among 4 sampling methods to identify respiratory pathogens in dairy calves with acute bovine respiratory disease. | four sampling techniques commonly are used for antemortem identification of pathogens from cattle with bovine respiratory disease (brd): the nasal swab (ns), guarded nasopharyngeal swab (nps), bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), and transtracheal wash (ttw). agreement among these methods has not been well characterized. | 2017 | 28295570 |
| histophilus somni-induced infections in cattle from southern brazil. | the sudden death of three calves, one diarrheic calf, and one aborted fetus from four farms in southern brazil was investigated. two histophilus somni-associated syndromes were identified: systemic histophilosis (n = 4) and abortion (n = 1). the principal pathological findings included vasculitis, meningoencephalitis with thrombosis, necrotizing myocarditis, renal infarctions, hepatic abscesses, and bronchopneumonia. pcr assays were used to amplify specific amplicons of the ovine herpesvirus 2, ... | 2013 | 23526124 |
| patterns of detection of respiratory viruses in nasal swabs from calves in ireland: a retrospective study. | a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine coronavirus (bocv), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytical virus (brsv) and parainfluenza virus-3 (pi3v) in calves (aged three months and below) in ireland. results from real-time pcr testing, including cycle threshold values, conducted on nasal swabs (single or pooled) submitted from 1364 respiratory disease outbreaks between january 1, 2008 a ... | 2014 | 25037889 |
| association of bovine respiratory disease or vaccination with serologic response in dairy heifer calves up to three months of age. | to investigate the association of bovine respiratory disease (brd) or vaccination with serologic response in calves. | 2015 | 25710760 |
| vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals. | the current pandemic of covid-19 has set off an urgent search for an effective vaccine. this search may well benefit from the experiences of the animal health profession in the development and use of coronavirus vaccines in domestic animal species. these animal vaccines will in no way protect humans against covid-19 but knowledge of the difficulties encountered in vaccinating animals may help avoid or minimize similar problems arising in humans. diverse coronaviruses can infect the domestic spec ... | 2020 | 32563608 |
| prediction of respiratory disease and diarrhea in veal calves based on immunoglobulin levels and the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival. | failure of passive transfer is a common problem in calves destined for veal production. at present it is unknown whether the risk for respiratory disease (brd) or neonatal calf diarrhea (ncd) in the veal herd is associated with total immunoglobulin (ig) and/or on the serostatus for respiratory pathogens measured at arrival. therefore, the first objective of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to determine associations between serum protein fractions as determined by routine electropho ... | 2015 | 25937168 |
| comparison of bovine coronavirus-specific and bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies in serum versus milk samples detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | bovine coronavirus (bcv; betacoronavirus 1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are significant causes of enteric and respiratory disease in beef and dairy cattle throughout the world. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are widely used to detect serum antibodies for herd monitoring and prevalence studies. in dairy herds, milk is more readily collected than serum. hence, in order to investigate the test agreement between serum and milk, both serum and milk samples from 105 cows ... | 2014 | 24309318 |
| first genome sequences of buffalo coronavirus from water buffaloes in bangladesh. | we report the complete genome sequences of a buffalo coronavirus (bufcov hku26) detected from the faecal samples of two domestic water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in bangladesh. they possessed 98-99% nucleotide identities to bovine coronavirus (bcov) genomes, supporting bufcov hku26 as a member of betacoronavirus 1. nevertheless, bufcov hku26 possessed distinct accessory proteins between spike and envelope compared to bcov. sugar-binding residues in the n-terminal domain of s protein in bcov are ... | 2016 | 27274850 |
| Bovine coronavirus (BCV) infections in transported commingled beef cattle and sole-source ranch calves. | This study investigated bovine coronavirus (BCV) in both beef calves direct from the ranch and commingled, mixed-source calves obtained from an auction market. The level of BCV-neutralizing antibodies found in the calves varied among ranches in 2 different studies in a retained-ownership program (ROP), from the ranch to the feedlot. Calves with low levels of BCV-neutralizing antibodies (16 or less) were more likely to be treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) than those with higher titers. ... | 2011 | 22210995 |
| first complete genome sequence of a french bovine coronavirus strain. | we sequenced the first bovine coronavirus (bcov) complete genome sequence from france. this bcov was directly sequenced from a fecal sample collected from a calf in normandy in 2014. | 2017 | 28546476 |
| a cohort study of the effect of winter dysentery on herd-level milk production. | winter dysentery (wd) is a contagious disease caused by bovine coronavirus. it is characterized by acute onset of diarrhea, fever, depression, and reduced milk yield in adult cattle. although production loss is a well-known consequence of wd, large-scale studies estimating the effect on milk production are lacking. the objective of this study was to estimate the effect of farmer-reported wd on herd-level milk production and milk composition. a cohort study was performed based on reports of herd ... | 2017 | 28601443 |
| genome-wide analysis of codon usage bias in bovine coronavirus. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) belong to the genus betacoronavirus of the family coronaviridae. bcov are widespread around the world and cause enteric or respiratory infections among cattle, leading to important economic losses to the beef and dairy industry worldwide. to study the relation of codon usage among viruses and their hosts is essential to understand host-pathogen interaction, evasion from host's immune system and evolution. | 2017 | 28623921 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of bovine coronavirus virus isolated from dairy cattle in central region, thailand. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is involved mainly in enteric infections in cattle. this study reports the first molecular detection of bcov in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy cows in the central region, thailand. bcov was molecularly detected from bloody diarrheic cattle feces by using nested pcr. agarose gel electrophoresis of three diarrheic fecal samples yielded from the 25 samples desired amplicons that were 488 base pairs and sequencing substantiated that have bcov. the sequence alignment indicated ... | 2017 | 28721511 |
| evaluation of the effect of serum antibody abundance against bovine coronavirus on bovine coronavirus shedding and risk of respiratory tract disease in beef calves from birth through the first five weeks in a feedlot. | objective to evaluate the effect of serum antibody abundance against bovine coronavirus (bcv) on bcv shedding and risk of bovine respiratory disease (brd) in beef calves from birth through the first 5 weeks in a feedlot. animals 890 natural-service crossbred beef calves from 4 research herds. procedures serial blood samples for measurement of serum anti-bcv antibody abundance by an elisa and nasal swab specimens for detection of bcv and other viral and bacterial brd pathogens by real-time pcr me ... | 2017 | 28836842 |
| discovery of a novel canine respiratory coronavirus support genetic recombination among betacoronavirus1. | although canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) is an important respiratory pathogen that is prevalent in many countries, only one complete genome sequence of crcov (south korea strain k37) has been obtained to date. genome-wide analyses and recombination have rarely been conducted, as small numbers of samples and limited genomic characterization have previously prevented further analyses. herein, we report a unique crcov strain, denoted strain bj232, derived from a crcov-positive dog with a mil ... | 2017 | 28506792 |
| the role of viral population diversity in adaptation of bovine coronavirus to new host environments. | the high mutation rate of rna viruses enables a diverse genetic population of viral genotypes to exist within a single infected host. in-host genetic diversity could better position the virus population to respond and adapt to a diverse array of selective pressures such as host-switching events. multiple new coronaviruses, including sars, have been identified in human samples just within the last ten years, demonstrating the potential of coronaviruses as emergent human pathogens. deep sequencing ... | 2013 | 23308119 |
| complete genome analysis of canine respiratory coronavirus. | the canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) k37 strain of the family coronaviridae, group 2, was isolated in south korea. its genome was analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and was determined to have 31,029 bp. the small open reading frames situated between the spike and envelope genes of most of the crcov strains (except the crcov 4180 strain) were found to encode three nonstructural proteins (4.9 kda, 2.7 kda, and 12.8 kda), while those of bovine coronavirus (bcov) encode another three nonstructu ... | 2013 | 23405345 |
| a longitudinal study of the dynamics of bovine corona virus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of bovine corona virus (bcv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections in dairy herds over a 3-year period. the status of 79 dairy herds located in two northern and two southern regions of sweden were surveyed by measuring antibody concentrations to bcv and brsv in pooled milk samples from primiparous cows, and in bulk-tank milk twice annually. in the southern regions the percentage of antibody-positive herds remained persist ... | 2013 | 23481616 |
| betacoronavirus 1 in alpacas (vicugna pacos) in the high peruvian andes. | genetic sequences highly related to bovine coronavirus (bcov) were detected in fecal samples from peruvian 1-3 week old alpaca crias located on six farms in puno department, some of which shared pastures with cattle. a total of 60 samples were screened for coronavirus using a nested pcr amplification of a fragment of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. sequences from 11 positive samples were highly similar to the kakegawa, quebec and mebus bcov strains (99.5-100.0%) and 99.2% identical ... | 2015 | 32288207 |
| antiviral activity of a novel mixture of natural antimicrobials, in vitro, and in a chicken infection model in vivo. | the aim of this study was to test in vitro the ability of a mixture of citrus extract, maltodextrin, sodium chloride, lactic acid and citric acid (aurashield l) to inhibit the virulence of infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, avian influenza, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and bovine coronavirus viruses. secondly, in vivo, we have investigated its efficacy against infectious bronchitis using a broiler infection model. in vitro, these antimicrobials had expressed antivi ... | 2020 | 33024252 |
| evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains. | coronaviruses demonstrate great potential for interspecies transmission, including zoonotic outbreaks. although bovine coronavirus (bcov) strains are frequently circulating in cattle farms worldwide, causing both enteric and respiratory disease, little is known about their genomic evolution. we sequenced and analysed the full-length spike (s) protein gene of 33 bcov strains from dairy and feedlot farms collected during outbreaks that occurred from 2002 to 2010 in sweden and denmark. amino acid i ... | 2013 | 23804565 |
| a new approach for diagnosis of bovine coronavirus using a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is an economically significant cause of calf scours and winter dysentery of adult cattle, and may induce respiratory tract infections in cattle of all ages. early diagnosis of bcov helps to diminish its burden on the dairy and beef industry. real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of bcov has been described, but it is relatively expensive, requires well-equipped laboratories and is not suitable for on-site screening. a novel assay, using reverse transcription recombina ... | 2013 | 23811231 |
| genetic variability of the s1 subunit of enteric and respiratory bovine coronavirus isolates. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is considered an important pathogen in cattle worldwide. it is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory diseases of cattle. the s1 subunit of the viral s glycoprotein is responsible for virus binding to host-cell receptors, induction of neutralizing antibody and hemagglutinin activity. the entire s1 genomic region (2304 bp) of two enteric bovine coronavirus isolates from austria, one respiratory and one enteric isolate from slovakia were analyzed at the genetic leve ... | 2017 | 28523928 |
| development of a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral-flow dipstick assay for detection of bovine ephemeral fever virus. | bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), identified as the causative pathogen of bovine ephemeral fever (bef), is responsible for increasing numbers of epidemics/outbreaks and has a significant harmful effect on the livestock industry. therefore, a rapid detection assay is imperative for befv diagnosis. in this study, we described the development of lateral-flow dipstick isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (lfd-rpa) assays for detection of befv. rpa primers and lf probes were designed by ... | 2017 | 29288049 |
| hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses. | the four endemic human coronaviruses hcov-229e, -nl63, -oc43, and -hku1 contribute a considerable share of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. while their clinical representation resembles that of many other agents of the common cold, their evolutionary histories, and host associations could provide important insights into the natural history of past human pandemics. for two of these viruses, we have strong evidence suggesting an origin in major livestock species ... | 2018 | 29551135 |
| temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves. | in order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (bcov) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. the aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral rna carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to bcov and brsv. during two animal infection experiments, swabs were collected from personnel (nasal mucosa) and their cl ... | 2018 | 29357935 |
| molecular survey of infectious agents associated with bovine respiratory disease in a beef cattle feedlot in southern brazil. | we investigated the occurrence of infectious pathogens during an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease (brd) in a beef cattle feedlot in southern brazil that has a high risk of developing brd. nasopharyngeal swabs were randomly collected from steers ( n = 23) and assessed for the presence of infectious agents of brd by pcr and/or rt-pcr assays. these included: histophilus somni, mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma bovis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine co ... | 2018 | 29105570 |
| antibody response to equine coronavirus in horses inoculated with a bovine coronavirus vaccine. | a vaccine for equine coronavirus (ecov) is so far unavailable. bovine coronavirus (bcov) is antigenically related to ecov; it is therefore possible that bcov vaccine will induce antibodies against ecov in horses. this study investigated antibody response to ecov in horses inoculated with bcov vaccine. virus neutralization tests showed that antibody titers against ecov increased in all six horses tested at 14 days post inoculation, although the antibody titers were lower against ecov than against ... | 2017 | 28993568 |
| cryptosporidium parvum and other enteric pathogens in scouring neonatal dairy calves from the al ain region, united arab emirates. | faecal specimens from 36 scouring neonatal calves from two dairy farms located in the al ain region of the uae were screened with pathogen-specific antigen elisa for cryptosporidium parvum, escherichia coli k99, rotavirus, and coronavirus. additionally, faecal smears were stained with modified-acid-fast for cryptosporidium oocysts, and the vitek 2 system plus gram's stain used to identify bacteria isolated from the faecal samples. farm management practices were also evaluated during a farm visit ... | 2020 | 32862896 |
| initial real-life experience from a designated covid-19 centre in athens, greece: a proposed therapeutic algorithm. | we report our initial experience with the management of a mixed group of patients with covid-19 infection, admitted and treated in a designated covid-19 centre in the athens metropolitan area over a 4-week period. the sars-cov-2 pandemic presented a huge challenge to the greek national healthcare system and healthcare workers. their response so far has been miraculously effective. since there are essentially no therapeutic guidelines yet for this disease, we relied mainly on our medical intuitio ... | 2020 | 32838133 |
| coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase and spike proteins coevolve for functional balance and optimal virion avidity. | human coronaviruses oc43 and hku1 are respiratory pathogens of zoonotic origin that have gained worldwide distribution. oc43 apparently emerged from a bovine coronavirus (bcov) spillover. all three viruses attach to 9-o-acetylated sialoglycans via spike protein s with hemagglutinin-esterase (he) acting as a receptor-destroying enzyme. in bcov, an he lectin domain promotes esterase activity toward clustered substrates. oc43 and hku1, however, lost he lectin function as an adaptation to humans. re ... | 2020 | 32994342 |
| first report and genetic characterization of bovine torovirus in diarrhoeic calves in china. | coronaviruses are notorious pathogens that cause diarrheic and respiratory diseases in humans and animals. although the epidemiology and pathogenicity of coronaviruses have gained substantial attention, little is known about bovine coronavirus in cattle, which possesses a close relationship with human coronavirus. bovine torovirus (btov) is a newly identified relevant pathogen associated with cattle diarrhoea and respiratory diseases, and its epidemiology in the chinese cattle industry remains u ... | 2020 | 32758221 |
| comparative pathogenesis of bovine and porcine respiratory coronaviruses in the animal host species and sars-cov-2 in humans. | discovery of bats with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-related coronaviruses (covs) raised the specter of potential future outbreaks of zoonotic sars-cov-like disease in humans, which largely went unheeded. nevertheless, the novel sars-cov-2 of bat ancestral origin emerged to infect humans in wuhan, china, in late 2019 and then became a global pandemic. less than 5 months after its emergence, millions of people worldwide have been infected asymptomatically or symptomatically and at leas ... | 2020 | 32522830 |
| genomic characterization and phylogenetic classification of bovine coronaviruses through whole genome sequence analysis. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is zoonotically transmissible among species, since bcov-like viruses have been detected in wild ruminants and humans. bcov causing enteric and respiratory disease is widespread in cattle farms worldwide; however, limited information is available regarding the molecular characterization of bcov because of its large genome size, despite its significant economic impact. this study aimed to better understand the genomic characterization and evolutionary dynamics of bcov via ... | 2020 | 32041103 |
| health status of reintroduced wood bison ( bison bison athabascae): assessing the conservation value of an isolated population in northwestern canada. | a central goal for reintroduced populations of threatened wood bison ( bison bison athabascae) is to maintain them free of diseases of concern, particularly bovine tuberculosis (caused by mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (caused by brucella abortus). a wood bison population in southwestern yukon, canada was reintroduced into the wild in 1988, but no health assessment has been done since then. to provide an initial assessment of the health status and, hence, the conservation value of this pop ... | 2019 | 29953313 |
| an emerging novel bovine coronavirus with a 4-amino-acid insertion in the receptor-binding domain of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene. | the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) protein of betacoronavirus lineage a is a secondary receptor in the infection process and is involved in the emergence of new betacoronavirus genotypes with altered host specificity and tissue tropism. we previously reported a novel recombinant bovine coronavirus (bcov) strain that was circulating in dairy cattle in china, but this virus was not successfully isolated, and the genetic characteristics of bcov are still largely unknown. in this study, 20 diarrheic fa ... | 2020 | 33025200 |
| bovine coronavirus in uruguay: genetic diversity, risk factors and transboundary introductions from neighboring countries. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is a recognized cause of severe neonatal calf diarrhea, with a negative impact on animal welfare, leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. cattle production is one of the most important economic sectors in uruguay. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bcov infections and their genetic diversity in uruguayan calves and to describe the evolutionary history of the virus in south america. the overall detection rate of bcov in uruguay was 7.8% ... | 2019 | 31456086 |
| prevalence of a novel bovine coronavirus strain with a recombinant hemagglutinin/esterase gene in dairy calves in china. | bovine coronavirus (bcov) is the causative agent of diarrhoea in newborn calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract illnesses in cattle across the world. in this study, a total of 190 faecal samples from dairy calves with diarrhoea were collected from 14 farms in six chinese provinces, and bcov was detected in 18.95% (36/190) of the samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. full-length spike, hemagglutinin/esterase (he), nucleocapsid and transmembrane genes ... | 2019 | 31077561 |
| detection and molecular characteristics of neboviruses in dairy cows in china. | in this study, 98 diarrhoeic and 70 non-diarrhoeic samples were collected from 13 dairy farms located across 5 provinces in china from april 2017 to may 2018. approximately 41.8 % (41/98) of diarrhoeic samples and 5.7 % (4/70) of non-diarrhoeic samples were nebovirus-positive based on rt-pcr results, and some diarrhoeic samples were co-infected with bovine rotavirus (73.2 %), bovine coronavirus (36.6 %) and/or bovine viral diarrhoea virus (31.7 %). a phylogenetic analysis of 23 nebovirus rdrp fr ... | 2019 | 30444471 |
| first detection of bovine noroviruses and detection of bovine coronavirus in australian dairy cattle. | noroviruses have been recognised as a significant cause of neonatal enteritis in calves in many countries, but there has been no investigation of their occurrence in australian cattle. this study aimed to establish whether bovine noroviruses could be detected in faecal samples from australian dairy cattle. it also sought to determine whether bovine coronaviruses, also associated with neonatal enteritis in calves, could be detected in the same faecal samples. | 2018 | 29878330 |
| immune response of mature cows subjected to annual booster vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhoea with two different commercial vaccines: a non-inferiority study. | neonatal calf diarrhoea can have important economic consequences. scour vaccines are available against some of the most frequent pathogens responsible for this disease: bovine rotavirus (borv), bovine coronavirus (bocv) and e. coli k99. in this multi-centre, randomised, blinded study, adult cows vaccinated with a trivalent vaccine marketed for years (rotavec™ corona, msd animal health - rc) prior to last parturition were revaccinated 12-15 months later, prior to the upcoming parturition, with ei ... | 2017 | 32288873 |
| first detection of bovine coronavirus in yak (bos grunniens) and a bovine coronavirus genome with a recombinant he gene. | the yak (bosgrunniens) is a unique domestic bovine species that plays an indispensable role for herdsmen in the qinghai-tibet plateau. here, 336 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yaks on 29 farms in the qinghai-tibet plateau from 2015 to 2017. approximately 69.05 % (232/336) of the diarrhoeic samples were assessed as bovine coronavirus (bcov)-positive by rt-pcr assay, and most of the detected strains showed a unique evolution based on 40 spike (s), nucleocapsid (n) and haemagglutinin-estera ... | 2019 | 30932810 |
| molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in ghana. | apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (bcov) to the livestock industry, particularly with respect to cattle rearing, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. in this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. bcov detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. sanger sequencing ... | 2020 | 33109183 |
| effects of coronavirus persistence on the genome structure and subsequent gene expression, pathogenicity and adaptation capability. | coronaviruses are able to establish persistence. however, how coronaviruses react to persistence and whether the selected viruses have altered their characteristics remain unclear. in this study, we found that the persistent infection of bovine coronavirus (bcov), which is in the same genus as sars-cov-2, led to alterations of genome structure, attenuation of gene expression, and the synthesis of subgenomic mrna (sgmrna) with a previously unidentified pattern. subsequent analyses revealed that t ... | 2020 | 33086697 |
| regression of viral pathogen indicators due to improvement of hygiene protocols on boots in a bovine farm. | rotavirus a (rva), bovine torovirus (btov), bovine enterovirus (bev) and bovine coronavirus (bcv) at a bovine farm in ibaraki prefecture were monitored by one-step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), with the aim of confirming the reduction of "viral pathogen indicators". a total of 960 bovine fecal samples were collected from calves less than 2 month-old within the period from october 2016 to october 2018 every 2 months at the bovine farm. in each sampling, 40 sa ... | 2020 | 33055455 |
| the nasal viromes of cattle on arrival at western canadian feedlots and their relationship to development of bovine respiratory disease. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) has a complex pathogenesis and aetiology, being the costliest disease affecting the cattle industry in north america. in this study, we applied nanopore-based viral metagenomic sequencing to explore the nasal virome of cattle upon arrival at feedlot and related the findings to the development of brd. deep nasal swabs (dns) from 310 cattle for which brd outcomes were known (155 cattle developed brd within 40 days and 155 remained healthy) were included. the most p ... | 2020 | 33031627 |
| single primer isothermal amplification (spia) combined with next generation sequencing provides complete bovine coronavirus genome coverage and higher sequence depth compared to sequence-independent single primer amplification (sispa). | coronaviruses are of major importance for both animal and human health. with the emergence of novel coronaviruses such as sars and mers, the need for fast genome characterisation is ever so important. further, in order to understand the influence of quasispecies of these viruses in relation to biology, techniques for deep-sequence and full-length viral genome analysis are needed. in the present study, we compared the efficiency of two sequence-independent approaches [sequence-independent single ... | 2017 | 29112950 |
| influenza c and d viral load in cattle correlates with bovine respiratory disease (brd): emerging role of orthomyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of brd. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the costliest disease affecting the cattle industry globally. orthomyxoviruses, influenza c virus (icv) and influenza d virus (idv) have recently been implicated to play a role in brd. however, there are contradicting reports about the association of idv and icv to brd. using the largest cohort study (cattle, n = 599) to date we investigated the association of influenza viruses in cattle with brd. cattle were scored for respiratory symptoms and pooled nasal an ... | 2020 | 33010670 |