| sero epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis c encountered in general practice in belgium. | a study carried out between 1982 and 1984 established by exclusion diagnosis that 35% of viral hepatitis cases registered in belgium were due to non a, non b (nanb) viruses. recently, a new anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) detection test was used to analyse the sera of patients in whom nanb hepatitis was diagnosed in that study. using this new serological test for hcv, 29% of the nanb group was found to be positive for anti-hcv. in the 1982-84 study on viral hepatitis diagnosed by general practition ... | 1992 | 1373384 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in italian health care workers. | | 1992 | 1373408 |
| anti-hcv antibodies in household contacts of patients with cirrhosis of the liver--preliminary results. | | 1992 | 1373409 |
| serodiagnosis of hepatitis c virus infection by elisa for antibodies against the putative core protein (p20c) expressed in escherichia coli. | the putative core gene of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was incorporated into a plasmid vector (pcc5-j4), and expressed in escherichia coli. the product of 180 amino acids (p20c) was purified by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the putative core protein of hcv (anti-p20c). anti-p20c was detected in 13 (1.5%) of 873 apparently healthy blood donors. it was detected in 205 (86.5%) of 237 patients with acute ... | 1992 | 1373423 |
| temporal relationships of hepatitis c virus rna and antibody responses following experimental infection of chimpanzees. | liver enzyme levels, viral rna, and the immune response against both structural and nonstructural hepatitis c virus (hcv) proteins have been studied in experimentally infected chimpanzees in order to further understand the natural history of hcv infection. an elisa for measuring both igg and igm responses to core (c22), 33c (ns3), and c100 (ns4) was employed. the igg response rates were 5/8 for core, and 8/8 for both 33c and c100. utilizing this antigen combination, at least one antibody respons ... | 1992 | 1373438 |
| interaction of immune sera with synthetic peptides corresponding to the structural protein region of hepatitis c virus. | comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence from the structural region of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) with four other hcv isolates clearly divides the five isolates into two groups based on sequence homology. the first group includes hcv-h, hcv-1, and hc-j1, while the second includes hcv-j1 and hc-j4. among the five isolates the first 190 residues (putative nucleocapsid) are highly conserved whereas residues 196-513 exhibit significant diversity and include a hypervariab ... | 1992 | 1373489 |
| the clinical outcome of hepatitis c virus antibody-positive renal allograft recipients. | in order to investigate the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in renal transplant patients, the evolution of anti-hcv status, and clinical outcome in anti-hcv-positive renal allograft recipients, we tested the sera from 120 renal transplant patients for anti-hcv. thirty-eight patients were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive. two patients were anti-delta-positive. a total of 79 patients (65.8%) had at least one serum positive for anti-hcv. anti-hcv positivity decrea ... | 1992 | 1373534 |
| hepatitis b and hepatitis c in emergency department patients. | infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) are common in inner-city populations, but their frequency and interrelations are not well established. | 1992 | 1373867 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in kidney graft recipients. | | 1992 | 1373870 |
| comparison of hepatitis c virus markers in patients with nanb hepatitis. | 10 different hcv-specific assays and rt-pcr of the 5' untranslated region of hcv rna were used to analyze sixty-four patients with chronic nanb liver disease. po, cp-9 and c22 antigens are located in the putative core; c33c in the putative ns3; c100-3 in the putative ns3/4; kcl in the putative ns4/5 and c825 is located in the putative ns5. gor protein is not part of the hcv genome, but antibodies to it appear to be present in response to a hepatitis c infection. positive rates were 91% for po, 8 ... | 1992 | 1374072 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in japanese schoolchildren: comparison with adult blood donors. | a total of 1,442 schoolchildren in the matsumoto city area were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis virus-related serum markers, including antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and an abnormal serum transaminase level. despite the large number of children tested, none was positive for anti-hcv antibodies or had been diagnosed as having viral hepatitis. the prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies in children and adult blood donors in the same area increased significantly with age from 0% in ... | 1992 | 1374221 |
| [investigation of anti-hepatitis c virus in the sera of different populations of beijing]. | a study of anti-hcv in the sera of different populations of beijing was conducted. of the general population, 2.1% (9/438) were anti-hcv positive, and of the patients that underwent blood transfusion 11.1% (6/54) were anti-hcv positive. among patients with chronic liver diseases, anti-hcv was positive in 10.5% (36/342) of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (cph), 12.1% (13/107) of those with chronic active hepatitis (cah), 42.6% (63/148) of those with liver cirrhosis (lc) and 38.4% (20/5 ... | 1992 | 1374286 |
| improved serodiagnosis of posttransfusion hepatitis c virus infection by a second-generation immunoassay based on multiple recombinant antigens. | serial serum samples from 35 patients with posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis in a prospective study were tested for antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv) by a multiple recombinant antigen based immunoassay [anti-hcv (2nd); abbott]. of them, 23 were positive for anti-c100, and 27 were positive for hcv rna by polymerase chain reaction. by anti-hcv (2nd), 28 patients were positive, and all except 1 of the 28 patients were positive for hcv rna. a total of 24 patients, who became hcv rna positive ... | 1992 | 1374579 |
| hcv and hbv infection among multitransfused thalassemics from eastern sicily. | serum specimens from 152 sicilian multitransfused thalassemic subjects were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti- hcv) and for hbv markers by enzyme linked immunoassay and with reference to anti-hcv, confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. a high rate (47%) of subjects was anti-hcv positive. hbsag was found in 8% of patients and 55% had anti-hbs or anti-hbc antibodies or both. contrary to hbv infection, anti-hcv seropositivity was related to the number of transfused units. the hig ... | 1992 | 1374737 |
| the natural history of infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) in chimpanzees: comparison of serologic responses measured with first- and second-generation assays and relationship to hcv viremia. | the sensitivity of first- and second-generation tests for antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the relationship among the patterns of antibody response and hcv viremia were examined in serial serum samples from 6 chimpanzees experimentally infected with hcv and followed less than or equal to 3 years. hcv infection was transient in 4 chimpanzees and became chronic in 2. all chimpanzees developed antibodies to hcv detectable by second-generation assays, while only 5 of the 6 became positive by ... | 1992 | 1374781 |
| seroconversion to hepatitis c virus antibodies in patients with acute posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis in sweden with a second generation test. | 28 patients with posttransfusion non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis in stockholm, sweden, were studied for seroconversion to hepatitis c virus antibodies (anti-hcv) and time lag to seroconversion by first and second generation tests. 15/28 patients (54%) seroconverted to anti-hcv with a first generation anti-hcv elisa using c100-3 from the nonstructural (ns) region 4 of the hcv genome and 23 (82%) with a second generation anti-hcv elisa including also antigens from the core and ns3 regions of the hcv ... | 1992 | 1375390 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in patients on hemodialysis. | | 1992 | 1375612 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in chronic haemodialysis patients, a clinicopathologic study. | fifty-two patients on regular haemodialysis at our institution were evaluated for the presence of hcv infection. evaluation included detailed history, clinical examination, and monthly screening for anti-hcv antibody, liver enzymes (alt, ast), serum iron and ferritin. also, three-monthly screening for other viral markers, hbv (hbsag, hbsab, hbcab), cmv (igg and igm), ebv, and hiv. anti-hcv antibody was found in 21 patients (40.4%). there was a significant (p less than 0.05) relationship between ... | 1992 | 1375712 |
| induction of cytotoxic t cells to a cross-reactive epitope in the hepatitis c virus nonstructural rna polymerase-like protein. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) have been found to mediate protection in vivo against certain virus infections. ctl also may play an important role in control of infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv), but no ctl epitopes have yet been defined in any hcv protein. the nonstructural protein with homology to rna polymerase should be a relatively conserved target protein for ctl. to investigate the epitope specificity of ctl specific for this protein, we used 28 peptides from this sequence to study muri ... | 1992 | 1376366 |
| recurrent and acquired hepatitis c viral infection in liver transplant recipients. | to examine the postliver transplant recurrence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients with pretransplant infection, as well as its acquisition in patients without prior infection, we used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify hcv rna in serum and/or liver samples of 89 patients with alcoholic and cryptogenic cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. results were correlated with histologic findings from posttransplant liver biopsies. ninety-five percent of patients with pretranspla ... | 1992 | 1377143 |
| genomic variation of hepatitis c virus: clues to clinical variation? | | 1992 | 1377144 |
| hepatitis c testing. comparison of ortho's eia and riba ii tests in 1,182 patients undergoing primary liver transplantation. | plasma samples from 1,182 patients undergoing primary liver transplantation were tested for anti-hepatitis c (hcv) virus by two methods: ortho hcv elisa test system (eia) and chiron riba hcv test system (riba ii). the eia results, 0 or +, were recorded first, followed by riba results, n = negative, p = positive, or i = indeterminate. concordant results--0n, + p, + i--were found in 1,076 (91%), and discordant results were found in 106 (9%). the eia optical density did not relate to concordant or ... | 1992 | 1377442 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| prevalence of anti-hcv and hcv viremia in hemodialysis patients in taiwan. | hepatitis c viral infection in 125 hemodialysis patients from taiwan was studied using a second-generation anti-hcv immunoassay (eia ii) (abbott hcv 2.0 eia) and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect the hcv rna in the serum. a total of 59 patients (47.2%) were positive by eia ii. in comparison, the conventional c100-3 anti-hcv assay was positive in 40 (32.0%). hcv rna was found in 47 patients (37.6%). patients with elevated serum transaminase level had a higher positive rate of anti-hcv ... | 1992 | 1378482 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis c antibody in peru. | the prevalence in peru of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was determined in a survey of populations living in the northern jungle region and in groups at high risk of parenterally and sexually transmitted diseases. all sera were initially screened for anti-hcv using commercial first and second generation elisas; repeatedly reactive sera were further verified with a second generation immunoblot assay. serum samples were also tested by elisa for hbsag, anti-hbs, and anti-hbc. none of 2,11 ... | 1992 | 1378483 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies and hepatitis c virus-rna in an urban population. | several studies had been carried out on anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) prevalence in populations with blood exposure risks and in blood donors. new tests are now available which allow the investigation to extend to other parameters such as antibody type and hcv-rna. in this study the prevalence of anti-hcv c100-3 and the associated epidemiological, clinical, and virological markers were evaluated in subjects from an urban population located in central italy. in positive cases the time persistence ... | 1992 | 1378484 |
| hepatitis c virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigen was detected immunohistochemically using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immunoglobulin g fractions from chimpanzee and human sera strongly reactive with recombinant hepatitis c virus structural and non-structural proteins. the antigen was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in all 9 chimpanzees with acute hepatitis c, in 5 of 10 chimpanzees with chronic hcv infection, and in 11 of 12 patients with chronic hepatitis c. the specificity of the hepatocellula ... | 1992 | 1378804 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in hemodialysis patients and dialysis staff. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in dialysis patients, serum anti-hcv antibodies were evaluated in 489 japanese patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 152 members of the hospital dialysis staff by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for anti-c100, anti-kcl-163 (hcv nonstructural protein), and anti-jcc (translation product of the presumptive hcv core gene). of the 489 hemodialysis patients, 100 (20.4%) were positive for anti-c100, 107 (21.9%) for anti-kcl-163, and 168 ... | 1992 | 1378811 |
| immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in chronic liver disease with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 regions of the hepatitis c virus genome. | the localization of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in the human liver remains unclear despite the development of a serological assay for the antibody to hepatitis c virus. we studied their localization immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 antigens of hepatitis c virus. we examined 48 liver biopsy samples from c100-3 antibody-positive patients with chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, 5 cases; chronic active hepatitis, 41 cases; cirrho ... | 1992 | 1379209 |
| enhanced sensitivity of a second generation elisa for antibody to hepatitis c virus. | a second generation elisa for combined detection of antibodies to three hepatitis c virus (hcv) recombinant proteins, i.e. c100, c33c and core, was compared with a first generation anti-hcv elisa in which only antibodies to c100 are detected. the results of the elisas were evaluated in 225 haemophilia patients (panel a) and 44 patients with non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis (panel b). hcv infection was established by cdna-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (in panel b only) and by studying the anti-hcv ... | 1992 | 1379394 |
| prevalence of anti-hcv in cryptogenic cirrhosis in a suburban detroit community. | to assess the role of the hepatitis c virus in patients with unexplained chronic liver disease, we tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis c antibody (anti-hcv) in the stored serum of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and a variety of other chronic liver diseases. the anti-hcv assay was performed by both the enzyme-linked and recombinant immunoblot methods in 16 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. eight of these 16 patients (50%) were seropositive. six of these eight patients were born outs ... | 1992 | 1379412 |
| prevalence of anti-hcv in subjects of various age groups. | 812 serum samples from 382 males and 430 females from various age groups were examined. all the samples were tested for anti-hcv hepatitis c virus, anti-hbc and hbsag with an enzymeimmunoassay. the total serum prevalence was 2.9% for anti-hvc, 22.2% for anti-hbc and 4.6% for hbsag. the seropositivity rates of anti-hcv and anti-hbc tended to increase with age, while for hbsag a more regular pattern was observed for the different subject groups. the fact that anti-hcv are more frequently found tog ... | 1992 | 1379536 |
| expression of the amino-terminal half of the ns1 region of the hepatitis c virus genome and detection of an antibody to the expressed protein in patients with liver diseases. | a cdna fragment encompassing the 5'-terminal half of the ns1 region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was cloned. the cdna was expressed in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus, and a protein band of approximately 21k was identified by immunoblotting with a serum sample from a patient with chronic hepatitis c. antibody to the protein was detected in sera from 13.4% of patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh), 20.8% of patients with liver cirrhosis and 16.8% of patients wi ... | 1992 | 1379627 |
| [prevention of post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis by anti-hcv screening]. | since may 1990 a specific enzyme immunoassay (eia) for nanbh has been developed by recombinant dna technology which detects antibodies to a virus called hepatitis c virus (hcv). the anti-hcv eia was manufactured by ortho-diagnostic systems with recombinant antigens from chiron corp. based on extraction from high infectious titre chimpanzee plasma rna after transcription into cdna. we tested the anti-hcv prevalence of blood donors and hemodialysis patients. the anti-hcv prevalence with the first ... | 1992 | 1379861 |
| clinical evaluation of three anti-hcv elisas in patients with various liver diseases. | we measured antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in 380 patients with various liver diseases by three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas): hcv antibody elisa test (c100), kcl-163 (kcl) corresponding to the nonstructural protein of hcv, and jcc based on the translation product of the presumptive hcv core gene. of 233 cases of non-a, non-b (nanb) liver disease, 63.9% were anti-c100 positive, 69.1% were anti-kcl positive, and 79.8% were anti-jcc positive. detection of serum hcv-rna in 213 ... | 1992 | 1379905 |
| hepatitis-c-virus-related chronic liver disease of sporadic type: clinical, serological and histological features. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the most important cause of transfusion-related non-a, non-b hepatitis. it is also thought to be the prime cause of non-transfusion-related or sporadic chronic liver disease. to assess the extent of hcv infection and its significance in this last form, we evaluated the clinical, serological and histological features of 84 consecutive hcv-related patients without a history of blood or blood products transfusion, alcohol or intravenous drug abuse or other known risk fact ... | 1992 | 1379948 |
| immunodominant regions within the hepatitis c virus core and putative matrix proteins. | the complete amino acid sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) core (residues 1 to 115) and putative matrix (residues 116 to 190) proteins were synthesized as 18-residue-long peptides with an 8-amino-acid overlap. the peptides were assayed with 50 human serum samples with antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) and 46 serum samples without anti-hcv, as determined by several commercial assays. immunodominant regions were defined within residues 1 to 18, 11 to 28, 21 to 38, 51 to 68, and 101 to 118. the peptid ... | 1992 | 1380007 |
| anti-hcv positive hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. prevalence, risk factors and clinical features. | recent reports indicate that hepatitis c virus (hcv) may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotics. using an elisa test, we evaluated the prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies in 97 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in cirrhosis and in a group of 223 patients, including: 49 patients with hbsag-positive chronic liver disease (cld), 42 with alcoholic cld, 110 with cryptogenic cld and 22 with post-transfusional hbsag-negative cld. all diagnoses were histologic ... | 1992 | 1380021 |
| hepatitis c viremia and anti-hcv antibodies in alcoholics. | we determined serum hepatitis c status using a riba2 kit and a sensitive pcr procedure in 62 chronic alcoholics, 36 of whom had anti-hcv antibodies (ab) detectable in an elisa1 assay. anti-hcv antibodies were detected in 22 patients using riba2. hcv rna was detected by means of pcr in 18 patients who were riba2 positive and in none who were riba2 negative. liver biopsies, available for 12 hcv rna-positive patients, revealed histological features of purely alcohol-related lesions in seven and mix ... | 1992 | 1380027 |
| comparison of anti-hepatitis c virus detection with elisa assay and riba 4 in dialysis patients: our experience. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been demonstrated to be the main cause of non-a, non-b hepatitis and the emergent infectious illness in dialysis units. at present, the anti-hcv 100 elisa and an immunoblot assay in which 2 new antigens are included, are available. we have tested 110 patients on chronic dialysis with anti-c100 elisa. twenty-seven of them were anti-hcv positive. we tested the 27 anti-hcv-positive and 7 anti-hcv-negative patients with the riba 4 assay. the results were similar with both ... | 1992 | 1380132 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in hemodialyzed patients detected by first and second generation assays. | a prospective study of liver disease has been conducted among patients entering our dialysis unit between 1987 and 1990. on entry, 7 patients had a history of blood transfusions but none had clinical or biochemical features of liver disease. during follow-up, 13 further patients were transfused; 1 case developed acute resolving hepatitis b and another acute non-a, non-b hepatitis progressing to chronicity. eleven other cases showed transient or fluctuating alt abnormalities. on entry, anti-hcv w ... | 1992 | 1380133 |
| the degree of variability in the amino terminal region of the e2/ns1 protein of hepatitis c virus correlates with responsiveness to interferon therapy in viremic patients. | we investigated amino acid heterogeneity in the variable regions of the e2/ns1 viral protein in interferon-responsive and interferon-nonresponsive patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. the study assessed whether any particular heterogeneity pattern(s) could be useful in predicting responsiveness to interferon treatment. the nucleic acid sequences of the hepatitis c virus genome were analyzed from six patients with chronic hepatitis treated with an interferon-beta, three of whom did ... | 1992 | 1380477 |
| spontaneous exacerbation of disease activity in patients with chronic delta hepatitis infection: the role of hepatitis b, c or d? | forty-six patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection were followed between 6 and 116 mo (mean = 32.8 mo; median = 24 mo). nineteen patients (41%) demonstrated clinical courses with episodes of biochemical reactivation (alt levels greater than or equal to 10 times baseline values [group a]). twenty-seven patients (59%) had stable clinical courses without biochemical reactivation (group b). patients in group a were younger than those in group b (30.5 vs. 35.3 yr; p = 0.03), were less li ... | 1992 | 1380478 |
| hepatitis b and c viral infections in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | the prevalence of hepatitis b and c virus infections was studied in 70 patients diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma. in addition to viral serological markers, serum hepatitis b virus dna and hepatitis c virus rna were determined with a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. twelve patients (17%) were hbsag positive, 26 (37%) had antibodies to hbs, hbc or both and 32 (46%) were negative for all hepatitis b virus serological markers. prevalence of the antibody to hepatitis c virus was 63 ... | 1992 | 1380480 |
| hepatitis c virus in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. | | 1992 | 1380490 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody in swaziland. | | 1992 | 1380766 |
| risk factors for dialysis-associated hepatitis c in venezuela. | utilizing the first and second generation of enzyme immunoassays which detect antibodies to the c virus we investigated the frequency of anti-hcv antibodies in 315 patients undergoing hemodialysis. other subpopulations at risk were used as reference groups. one hundred and twenty-three samples (39%) from the hemodialysis group repeatedly showed anti-hcv positive antibodies while only 19% and 1% were positive in the reference groups. the rate of anti-hcv reactive patients correlated with time on ... | 1992 | 1381002 |
| improved detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus using a second generation elisa. | a screening assay for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv); ortho hcv elisa test system, second generation, was compared with the currently licensed c100-3 based test (ortho hcv elisa test system). the second generation elisa differs from the c100-3 based assay in that it detects circulating antibodies to both structural (nucleocapsid) and non-structural (ns3/ns4) hcv proteins. specimens tested consisted of a cohort of 35 patients diagnosed with non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) a ... | 1992 | 1381139 |
| hepatitis c: a possible etiology for cryoglobulinaemia type ii. | out of 15 successive patients with mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia type ii (monoclonal igm kappa/igg), 13 had serological evidence for hepatitis c infection as shown by specific enzyme immunoassays and immunoblot. rna was purified from the serum of seven patients and hepatitis c sequences were identified in five following reverse transcription and dna amplification. the liver histology showed chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis in the 12 patients with hepatitis c who had a liver ... | 1992 | 1381302 |
| interferon-inducible gene expression in chimpanzee liver infected with hepatitis c virus. | the molecular host response to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection was examined by isolation of hcv-induced genes from a cdna library constructed from chimpanzee liver during the acute phase of hepatitis c. two cdna clones, 130-7 and 130-51, were obtained by differential hybridization with cdna probes prepared from poly(a)+ rnas of infected and uninfected livers. northern blot analysis revealed that the 130-7 and 130-51 cdnas were expressed as 1.5- and 1.0-kb products, respectively, in chimpanzee ... | 1992 | 1381540 |
| hepatitis c virus rna and hepatitis c virus antibody in the serum of patients with abnormal liver function. | in order to elucidate the relation between hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna and antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) in serum, we examined samples of serum collected from 228 hbsag-negative patients, with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (alt) values, for hcv-rna by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and for anti-hcv using c100 protein as the antigen. hcv-rna was detected in 99 (92.5%) of 107 anti-hcv-igg-positive samples, regardless of elisa optical density cut-off value (elisa ratio), and in 34 (2 ... | 1992 | 1381735 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus infections in dialysis patients and their contacts using a second generation enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv) was determined in 498 hemodialysis patients from three german dialysis units, 121 staff members and 42 family members using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the second generation which detects antibodies to a structural (c22) and to non-structural (c33c, c100, 5-1-1) recombinant antigens to hcv. using the second generation elisa 115 patients (23.1%) were anti-hcv positive versus 77 (15.5%) when sera were tested by an elis ... | 1992 | 1381808 |
| intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv): a major mode of spread in the saudi arabia population. | age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was studied in 831 saudis (441 males, 390 females; 1-53 years old) from al baha region, south-west saudi arabia. there was a gradual exposure to hcv early in life with a gradual increase with age, reaching a peak of 5.3% in the 30-40 years age group. the overall prevalence was 3.6% and 3.1% in males and females, respectively, with no statistical difference. comparison of positivity in family members of seven anti-hcv-positive in ... | 1992 | 1381898 |
| seropositivity to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in saudi children with chronic renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. | twenty saudi children (mean age: 7.7 years) with chronic renal failure who had received several blood transfusions were screened for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) and antibodies to the various markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv). prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies was significantly higher in these patients (45%) than in controls (1%) (p less than 0.001). in contrast, the exposure rate to hbv was similar in both groups (15.0% i ... | 1992 | 1381899 |
| correlation between detection of anti-viral antibody and histopathological disease activity in an epidemic of hepatitis c. | there was an epidemic of non-a non-b hepatitis in a small area of a town in the central part of japan, which began with an outbreak of several patients in 1981 and then spread extensively with the result that about one third of the inhabitants showed abnormality in serum liver function tests at the health check performed in 1985. we determined histological diagnoses on that occasion for 167 individuals of the abnormal population and recently assayed antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) for ... | 1992 | 1381909 |
| enzyme immunoassays for anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies improved specificity and analytical sensitivity by combination of three different recombinant viral proteins in second generation tests. | the detection of hepatitis c virus infection currently relies on a "virology without a virus" approach. so far, only viral nucleic acid has been isolated and sequenced by the methods of genetic engineering. the resulting viral sequence was then used to "design" proteins for diagnostic use as antigens in enzyme immunoassays (eia). a first-generation eia (eia i), which uses a non-structural hepatitis c virus protein as antigen, detected 26 (0.6%) reactive sera out of a total of 4350 blood donors. ... | 1992 | 1381965 |
| overlap and discrepancy between tests for anti-c100, anti-gor and anti-cp9 in patients with chronic liver disease and inhabitants in saga, japan. | the authors evaluated the clinical significance of anti-c100, anti-gor and anti-cp9 in hepatitis c virus (hcv)-related liver disease in two populations: 459 healthy subjects and 385 patients with chronic liver disease (cld). previously we reported high rates of mortality and morbidity (5.3%) of cld in subjects in saga, japan. this was ascribed to the high prevalence (10.8%) of anti-hcv among randomized populations, as detected by the c100 elisa test system, as compared with a finding of 2-3% in ... | 1992 | 1382031 |
| intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus: the important role of infections between spouses. | to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and related risk factors, anti-hcv antibodies in 186 family members of 48 index patients were studied. the index patients were anti-hcv-positive and had chronic liver disease. overall, 10 family members (5.4%) were positive for anti-hcv, indicating a higher prevalence of anti-hcv among family members than among the taiwanese general population. spouses had the highest prevalence (21%) of anti-hcv, with older age and longer ... | 1992 | 1382107 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in hospital personnel]. | in this study, 416 hospital staffs from different departments and profession were screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody by enzyme immune assay method. two hundred fifty blood bank donors were tested as a control group. anti hcv positivity were found in four of hospital staffs (0.9%) and in four of donors (1.6%). according to our results, generally we didn't find any data about transmission of hepatitis c virus from hospital but it is interesting that all of the positive cases were from i ... | 1992 | 1382216 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies and hepatitis c virus rna in chinese blood donors determined by elisa, recombinant immunoblot assay and polymerase chain reaction. | antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) were determined in chinese blood donors from the city of wuhan by a second generation elisa screening test and a confirmatory recombinant immunoblot assay (riba ii). two materials of 281 and 222 sera were sampled under similar conditions in 1989 and 1990, respectively. the first collection of sera was sent to sweden in lyophilized form, the second directly as fresh unfrozen sera. a high proportion (7.1%) of the lyophilized sera reacted positively in the ... | 1992 | 1382461 |
| relationship between fatty liver, alanine aminotransferase, hbsag and hepatitis c virus. | a community health survey of 923 residents aged 30 years or more was performed in putai township of taiwan. to elucidate the relationships between hepatitis c virus (hcv) and surrogate tests for non-a, non-b hepatitis in hyperendemic areas of hepatitis b virus (hbv) serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), triglycerides, cholesterol, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) were examined. glucose tolerance tests and the history of diabetes treatment were used to ... | 1992 | 1382655 |
| hepatitis c as the cause of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: high sensitivity of simultaneous measurement of core and non-structural antibodies. | first generation serologic tests (elisa-1) for hepatitis c virus infection measure antibodies directed against a short non-structural segment of the virus (anti-c100-3). a major disadvantage of this test is that it lacks sensitivity in the identification of hepatitis c virus among patients at risk of infection. thus, only 70-90% of chronic non-a, non-b cases are elisa-1 positive. the present study set out to determine whether antibodies directed against the core region would be a more sensitive ... | 1992 | 1382656 |
| association between hepatitis c virus and hepatocellular carcinoma using assays based on structural and nonstructural hepatitis c virus peptides. | stored sera from 181 greek patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 35 patients with metastatic liver cancer, and 416 hospital controls with diagnoses other than malignant neoplasm or liver disease were examined with first and second generation hepatitis c virus (hcv) enzyme immunoassays as well as with five hcv supplemental assays based on structural and nonstructural hcv peptides. second generation hcv enzyme immunoassays were more sensitive than first generation assays. however, both ass ... | 1992 | 1382842 |
| evaluation of three hepatitis c virus-related antibodies c100, kcl-163, jcc. tests for screening blood donors. | to evaluate the most effective method for detecting hepatitis c virus (hcv) carriers in a large population of blood donors, hcv-related antibodies were measured in 919 donor serum samples using three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. the antibodies were c100 and kcl-163, nonstructural proteins of hcv, as well as jcc, a translation product of the presumptive hcv core gene. fourteen (1.5%), 12 (1.3%), and 13 (1.4%) specimens were positive for anti-c100, anti-kcl-163, and anti-jcc, resp ... | 1992 | 1382928 |
| immunoglobulin m antibody to hepatitis c virus during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis c. | testing for immunoglobulin (ig) m antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) as a predictive factor of therapeutic response to recombinant interferon alfa (rifn-alpha) in chronic hepatitis c was evaluated in 122 patients with igg anti-hcv. igm anti-hcv was present in the pretreatment sample of 88% of patients who responded to treatment, including 20 of 21 (95%) long-term responders and 24 of 29 (83%) responders who had relapses after cessation of therapy. in contrast, igm anti-hcv was present in o ... | 1992 | 1383071 |
| hepatitis c virus rna and antibody response in the clinical course of acute hepatitis c virus infection. | hepatitis c virus rna, anti-hepatitis c virus immune response and biochemical markers of liver injury were investigated in 17 patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. at the first observation, 1 to 3 wk from the clinical onset, all patients had hepatitis c virus rna in their serum, and most (15 of 17) were positive for second-generation anti-hepatitis c virus enzyme immunoassay. follow-up serum samples were available for 10 patients. the rate of recombinant immunoblot assay-confirmed anti-hep ... | 1992 | 1383116 |
| two distinct subtypes of hepatitis c virus defined by antibodies directed to the putative core protein. | four distinct genotypes of hepatitis c virus types i, ii, iii and iv have been identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences of isolates from different areas of the world. we examined the possibility that hepatitis c virus may have serologically definable subtypes. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were prepared by use of two synthetic peptides deduced from the putative core protein of hepatitis c virus. the following are the two peptides that were used: (a) ipkarrpegrtwaqpgy (subtype ... | 1992 | 1383117 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in chronic liver disease in bombay. | to find out the prevalence of antibody of hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in patients with chronic liver disease in bombay, sera from 126 patients (93 men, 33 women; aged 9-70 years, mean 39.7) with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis 103, cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma 3, chronic active hepatitis 20) were tested for hbsag and anti-hcv antibody. hbsag positive sera were tested for anti-delta antibody and igm anti-hbc. all the tests were carried out by elisa. of 126 patients, 51 (40.5%) were h ... | 1992 | 1383141 |
| immune response to gor, a marker for non-a, non-b hepatitis and its correlation with hepatitis c virus infection. | recently, identification and molecular cloning of a host cellular gene designated gor from chimpanzees experimentally infected with non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) agent was reported. it was further demonstrated that there is a close association between the immune response to an antigenic peptide of gor (gor2) and nanbh. in order to define the specificity of the immune response, in the present study we have identified an additional epitope in the gor gene sequence, upstream from gor2, and studied ... | 1992 | 1383257 |
| genomic characterization and mutation rate of hepatitis c virus isolated from a patient who contracted hepatitis during an epidemic of non-a, non-b hepatitis in japan. | to investigate the genomic characterization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolated from patient who contracted hepatitis during an epidemic of non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis in shimizu city, japan, we have cloned the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome (hcv-kf) spanning the structural domain. when compared to other previously reported hcv isolates, hcv-kf showed an overall identity at the amino acid level of 90.0 to 92.1% with japanese isolates and 80.9 to 82.1% with american-like isolates. the ... | 1992 | 1383400 |
| a role for hepatitis c virus infection in type ii cryoglobulinemia. | type ii cryoglobulinemia is a vasculitis characterized by cryoglobulins consisting of complexes of polyclonal igg and monoclonal igm rheumatoid factors. the cause of these immune complexes is unknown, though both the hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) viruses have been suspected. | 1992 | 1383822 |
| cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis c virus. | | 1992 | 1383823 |
| hepatitis c. | until recently the diagnosis of non-a, non-b hepatitis was made by excluding other detectable viral infections of the liver. progress in molecular biology made it possible to develop assays which can trace antibodies against the hepatitis c virus. this virus plays a major role in the pathogenesis of transfusion-related and sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis and possibly of other liver diseases. although the genome of a few isolates of the hepatitis c virus has already been decoded, the viral partic ... | 1992 | 1383840 |
| prevalence of non-a non-b hepatitis and anti-hcv antibodies in a portuguese dialysis population. | non-a non-b hepatitis (nanbh) is nowadays one of the most common causes of hepatic dysfunction in dialysis patients. we reviewed the records of 231 hbsag-negative patients in our unit and found 119 patients with biochemical criteria of nanbh (51.5%), 88 of them (68.9%) with circulating antibodies against hcv (chi 2 p less than 0.0001). such high prevalence of nanbh was due to an outbreak of nanbh in the late 70s and early 80s. time on haemodialysis (hd) was the major risk factor of nanbh in this ... | 1992 | 1383874 |
| hepatitis c core antibody detection in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis patients from tunisia. | the detection of anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) core antibodies is an important addition to hcv antibody testing. in this study it appears to be more specific than the first generation hcv tests and in combination with the detection of anti-c33c antibodies, it is possibly more sensitive. in tunisia hepatitis c virus is implicated by the presence of anti-core antibodies in only 8% of the adult cases of acute hepatitis as opposed to 60% for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 4% for hepatitis a virus (hav). ... | 1992 | 1383914 |
| persistence of viremia in patients with type-c chronic hepatitis during long-term follow-up. | to clarify the evolution of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and of liver histologic findings during the natural course of type-c chronic hepatitis, 111 patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis type c were consecutively enrolled in this study and were followed up biochemically, serologically, and histologically for more than 5 years. all were positive for the first- and second-generation antibody to hcv (anti-hcv-1 and anti-hcv-2). none received antiviral therapy during the follow-u ... | 1992 | 1384112 |
| seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis c virus in sexually transmitted disease risk groups. | to identify the importance of heterosexual activity as a possible route for the transmission of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), a screening of antibodies against hcv (anti-hcv) was performed in 200 sexually transmitted disease patients with different risks for incurring genital infections as well as in 100 registered prostitutes. out of all 300 persons tested, 14 cases of hcv infection were detected. anti-hcv was present in 3 of the prostitutes and in 11 of the std patients. evaluating known risk f ... | 1992 | 1384151 |
| recurrence of hepatitis c virus infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. | | 1992 | 1384192 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus in a group of kidney transplant patients in mexico. | | 1992 | 1384202 |
| hepatitis c infection in liver transplant patients. | | 1992 | 1384207 |
| second-generation anti-hcv tests predict infectivity. | twenty-four blood donors found positive for the first-generation hepatitis c antibody (anti-hcv) test (ortho eia-i) and 88 of their recipients over the period from 1972 to 1990 were retrospectively investigated with different first- and second-generation anti-hcv tests. the aim of the study was to identify the infective donors and to evaluate the tests. seven donors, who probably were infective carriers of hcv, were also second-generation test (eia-ii) positive, compared to only 3 out of 17 noni ... | 1992 | 1384236 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody in kuwait. | | 1992 | 1384237 |
| [analytical study of the abbott and ortho tests for screening and confirmation of anti-hcv antibodies. le groupe de travail "hépatites virales" de la société française de transfusion sanguine]. | anti-hcv systematic screening on blood donation was mandatory in france since first of march 1991. two laboratories (ortho-chiron and abbott) have introduced in europe successively two kinds of hepatitis c positive diagnosis with 1st and 2nd generation elisa screening and confirmatory assays. the aim of this multicentric study was to evaluated the sensibility and specificity of these tests. for that, they used 10,090 blood sera. as a result we have seen that the new "second generation" screening ... | 1992 | 1384522 |
| [screening tests for anti-hcv antibodies: comparative results]. | comparative results between anti-hcv screening tests have shown better performances with 2nd generation tests than with 1st generation assays, since anti-c100-3 antibodies are less reliable and less durable than anti-c33 c and anti-c22-3 antibodies. comparison between the four 2nd generation commercialized assays (ortho, abbott, pasteur, ubi-organon) done on the hepatitis study group panel and on 109 samples from 18 patients collected before, during and after anti-hcv seroconversion, has shown s ... | 1992 | 1384523 |
| [anti-hcv and recipients: situation in hemophiliacs in 1991]. | sera from 273 french haemophiliacs who had received non viral inactivated concentrates, were tested for antibodies to hcv by first and second generation assays. antibodies to hcv were detected in 66% of the sera by the first generation assays (anti-c 100-3) reaching 100% by the second generation assays. none of the 53 patients only exposed to solvent-detergent treated factor viii or ix concentrates had hcv seroconversion. hcv core protein antibody was always detectable often as a single antibody ... | 1992 | 1384524 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part iii: hepatitis c, hepatitis e, and other viruses. | acute hepatitis can be caused by a number of viruses, especially a, b, c, e, delta, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. hepatitis a and b have been discussed previously in this series. the virus responsible for most cases of what commonly has been referred to as non-a non-b hepatitis has been tracked, and antibodies to certain proteins of this virus have been identified. this virus is now referred to as hepatitis c. the possible clinical outcomes after acute hepatitis c virus infection are ... | 1992 | 1385012 |
| role of hepatitis c virus infection in german patients with fulminant and subacute hepatic failure. | to investigate the possible role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in fulminant and subacute liver failure, we tested serum and liver of 13 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for the presence of hcv rna. hcv rna was detected in specimens from two out of eight patients negative for all viral markers with suspected hepatitis non-a, non-b infection and in one out of four patients with hepatitis b virus infection. only in this patient replication of hcv could be demonstrated. we conclude, ... | 1992 | 1385150 |
| hepatitis c virus detection is facilitated by the combined use of c100 protein and gor epitope. | assay for the antibody to the c100 protein (anti-c100) lacks sensitivity in terms of detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in all samples. the author used anti-c100 and antibody to the gor epitope (anti-gor) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine 524 patients with chronic liver disease and 682 volunteer blood donors in fukuoka, japan. the prevalence of hcv infection, as revealed by the presence of anti-c100 and/or anti-gor, was 3.9% in 540 volunteer blood donors, 12.7% in 142 volunte ... | 1992 | 1385249 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among saudi patients with chronic liver diseases. | the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was determined in 55 patients with chronic liver diseases including liver cirrhosis (42 patients), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (8 patients), and chronic active hepatitis (4 patients). a total of 63.6% of these patients were positive for anti-hcv, a significantly higher prevalence than the rate of 3.9% observed in 488 asymptomatic volunteers. of the 42 patients with liver cirrhosis 16 (38.1%) had positive anti-hcv ... | 1992 | 1385286 |
| immune response to a single peptide containing an immunodominant region of hepatitis c virus core protein: the isotypes and the recognition site. | we have used one single peptide covering the 17 n-terminal amino acids of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein (c) to analyse the human immune response against b-cell epitope(s) within this region. the sequence mstnpkpqrktkrntnr was obtained from two sequenced hcv genomes, and the peptide was synthesized by a newly developed method. the peptide was assayed with 144 human sera which had all been assayed for antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) using commercial assays. forty-nine sera were found to be ... | 1992 | 1385318 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis c--more lessons to be learnt. | | 1992 | 1385324 |
| intrahepatic cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for hepatitis c virus in persons with chronic hepatitis. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of post-transfusion and sporadic hepatitis worldwide, leading to chronic liver disease in at least 50% of infected individuals. the pathogenic mechanisms that result in chronic hepatitis are unknown. lymphocytes are typically observed within the hepatic parenchyma, but the functional characteristics of these cells have not been defined. in this study, liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from two subjects with chronic hcv hepatitis were cloned at limiting dilut ... | 1992 | 1385523 |
| hepatitis c virus is detected in a monocyte/macrophage subpopulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected patients. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the primary agent of posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis. hcv rna was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) by polymerase chain reaction in 17 of 24 hcv-infected patients with chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. one of 5 patients whose pbmc contained hcv rna also had negative-stranded hcv rna in the pbmc. in 3 of 11 patients whose pbmc contained hcv rna, flow cytometry with a murine monoclonal antibody to hcv core epitope revealed cytoplasmi ... | 1992 | 1385547 |
| [orthotopic liver transplantation in hepatic cirrhosis: on the problem of infection of the transplant with persistent hepatitis viruses]. | 269 orthotopic liver transplantations (olt) were performed in 253 patients at our institution from september 1988 to may 1992. 121 patients had end-stage cirrhosis secondary to viral hepatitis type b, delta, or type non-a non-b and c respectively. reinfection of the graft by persistent viruses is a potential complication in these cases. passive immunization with anti-hbs hyperimmunoglobulin (hig) can prevent clinically relevant reinfection of the graft in patients with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in ... | 1992 | 1449005 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in prospectively followed patients with posttransfusion hepatitis. | in an attempt to investigate the incidence and clinical course of type c viral hepatitis among patients with posttransfusion hepatitis, antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in sera were measured from 42 prospectively followed cardiovascular surgery patients who developed hepatitis after blood transfusions. of these, 35 (83.3%) had anti-hcv seroconversion during a 6- to 12-month follow-up period. the mean interval between blood transfusion and onset of active anti-hcv seroconversion was app ... | 1991 | 1645386 |
| heterogeneity of the hepatitis c virus genome. | | 1991 | 1645388 |
| prevalence of chronic liver diseases and anti-hcv antibodies in different districts of saga, japan. | the authors examined the contribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) to the morbidity of chronic liver diseases (cld) in selected districts of saga, japan, one group with low (l) and the other with a high (h) mortality rate of cld. age and sex-matched epidemiological studies showed an extremely high morbidity of cld in the h-district (5.3%) and a low one in the l-districts (2.1%). randomized selected studies of anti-hcv antibodies showed an extremely high frequency of 10.8% in the h-district and a f ... | 1991 | 1645685 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antibody in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and other chronic liver diseases. | to clarify the relationship between autoimmune hepatitis (aih) and the hepatitis c virus (hcv), we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with aih, primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc), rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. the antibody was detected in 9 out of 18 patients with aih (50%), in 3 out of 23 with pbc (23%), in 2 out of 10 with rheumatoid arthritis (20%), and in 5 out of 9 with multiple myeloma (56%). however, th ... | 1991 | 1645686 |
| diagnosis of type c fulminant hepatitis by the detection of antibodies to the putative core proteins of hepatitis c virus. | | 1991 | 1645689 |
| persistence of hcv replication in non-a, non-b fulminant viral hepatitis. | | 1991 | 1645690 |