| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. | the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) for the rapid diagnosis. the primers were selected from the p80 region of bvdv gene. the rt-pcr assay detected all of the 17 bvdv strains tested including cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic strains, while specific amplification was not observed from 17 bovine viruses other than bvdv. detection limit of the assay was 10(1.5) tcid50/ml. sera and organ samples were collected from ... | 1998 | 9713819 |
| long-term viral serology of semi-free-living and captive ungulates. | between 1973 and 1994, blood samples were collected at whipsnade wild animal park (uk) from three ungulate species kept in enclosures, including 28 european bison (bison bonasus), 37 scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), and 49 père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus), and also from 144 semi-free-living chinese water deer (hydropotes inermis). these samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against three bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains, three alpha-herpesvirus strains, enz ... | 1998 | 9732031 |
| pathogenesis of mucosal disease, a deadly disease of cattle caused by a pestivirus. | two biotypes of pestiviruses, cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (noncp) viruses, are distinguished by their effects on tissue culture cells. in contrast to the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) system, only a few cp border disease virus (bdv) and cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains have been described. antigenically closely related noncp and cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle with fatal mucosal disease (md) and are called a virus pair. the generation of cp bvdv in an animal ... | 1998 | 9741637 |
| maternal recognition of foetal infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv)--the bovine pestivirus. | pestiviruses are the veterinary viruses with genome homology to human hepatitis c virus (hcv). this group includes classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease virus of sheep (bdv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). there are some similarities in the pathology of all three virus infections; in utero transmission to the foetus can cause early embryonic losses, severe congenital abnormalities and, particularly with bvdv, lifelong persistent infections. in situ hybridisation studies hav ... | 1998 | 9741639 |
| ribosomal s27a coding sequences upstream of ubiquitin coding sequences in the genome of a pestivirus. | molecular characterization of cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain cp rit, a temperature-sensitive strain widely used for vaccination, revealed that the viral genomic rna is about 15.2 kb long, which is about 2.9 kb longer than the one of noncytopathogenic (noncp) bvdv strains. molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of parts of the genome resulted in the identification of a duplication of the genomic region encoding nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, and part of ns4b ... | 1998 | 9765411 |
| an rt-pcr assay for the specific detection of classical swine fever virus in clinical samples. | a simple reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay has been developed for the specific amplification of dna after reverse transcription of rna from the classical swine fever virus (csfv). a pair of oligonucleotides was selected from an area of high homology in the genome of csfv strains, but which differed from the corresponding sequences in the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains. using these primers (csfv1-csfv2), a csfv specific dna band of 174 bp was amp ... | 1998 | 9779556 |
| evaluation of the suitability of a commercial bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen capture elisa for diagnostic testing. | the suitability of a commercial bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for routine diagnostic testing of bovine serum samples was evaluated by comparing the elisa results of 214 sera with those obtained after two passages in roller tube cultures of fetal bovine lung cells and immunofluorescent staining using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated hyperimmune bvdv anti-serum. in addition, 208 of these samples were tested by virus isolation in ... | 1998 | 9805483 |
| acute pulmonary lesions in sheep experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | six sheep, aged 6-8 months and seronegative for pestivirus, were inoculated intranasally, through the tracheal wall, and intrabronchially with a non-cytopathogenic isolate of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (ncpbvdv). infected sheep were killed in pairs on post-inoculation day (pid) 2, 4 and 6. they all exhibited transient leucopenia or lymphopenia, or both. platelet counts decreased but remained within normal limits. bvdv was isolated from buffy coats and tissues of all sheep inoculated with ncpbv ... | 1998 | 9807729 |
| cis-acting rna elements required for replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus-hepatitis c virus 5' nontranslated region chimeras. | pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), share many similarities with hepatitis c virus (hcv) yet are more amenable to virologic and genetic analysis. for both bvdv and hcv, translation is initiated via an internal ribosome entry site (ires). besides ires function, the viral 5' nontranslated regions (ntrs) may also contain cis-acting rna elements important for viral replication. a series of chimeric rnas were used to examine the function of the bvdv 5' ntr. our results show that ... | 1998 | 9814762 |
| porcine cells persistently infected with classical swine fever virus protected from pestivirus-induced cytopathic effect. | cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) depends on the presence of defective particles containing a subgenomic (sg) rna with a defined deletion. in a previous report we described the spontaneous generation of this sg rna and therefore of cytopathogenic (cp) csfv in porcine kidney cell cultures persistently infected with csfv. frequently, some cells survived the cpe and could be further propagated. they remained positive for viral antigen and continued to shed complete virus and i ... | 1998 | 9880012 |
| phylogenetic evidence for the improved rna higher-order structure in internal ribosome entry sequences of hcv and pestiviruses. | the strong requirement for a small segment of the 5'-proximal coding sequence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is one of the most remarkable features in the internal initiation of hcv mrna translation. phylogenetic analysis and rna folding indicate a common rna structure of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of hcv and the animal pestiviruses, including hcv types 1-11, bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and hog cholera (hocv). although the common rna structure shares similar featur ... | 1998 | 9926403 |
| detection and genotyping of bovine diarrhea virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain amplification of the 5' untranslated region. | a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to differentiate the bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv) from other pestiviruses, and to determine the genotype of the bvdv isolates. for this purpose, primer pairs were selected in the 5' untranslated region (5'utr). the primers be and b2 were located in highly conserved regions and were pestivirus-specific. two primer pairs named b3b4 and b5b6 were specific of bvdv genotypes i and ii, respectively. with this technique, an amplif ... | 1999 | 10028170 |
| foetal cross-protection experiments between type 1 and type 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pregnant ewes. | a flock of 82 non-pregnant ewes was split into three immunisation groups and given an intranasal dose of either cell culture medium, or a type 1 or a type 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1 or bvdv-2). two months later the flock was reconstituted and after a further three weeks, the ewes were bred to pestivirus negative rams after synchronisation of oestrus using progesterone sponges. fifty-five ewes were segregated into three challenge groups, each of which comprised ewes from different imm ... | 1999 | 10028172 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses mainly isolated in japan. | the genetic variability of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 73 isolates (42 porcine and 31 ruminant), including 65 japanese isolates (35 porcine and 30 ruminant). the 5'-untranslated region (utr) amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was determined by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed from the nucleotide sequence data. most porcine isolates were divided into two major subgroups, cl ... | 1999 | 10068129 |
| selective stimulation of hepatitis c virus and pestivirus ns5b rna polymerase activity by gtp. | ns5b of the hepatitis c virus is an rna template-dependent rna polymerase and therefore the key player of the viral replicase complex. using a highly purified enzyme expressed with recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells, we demonstrate a stimulation of rna synthesis up to 2 orders of magnitude by high concentrations of gtp but not with atp, ctp, utp, gdp, or gmp. enhancement of rna synthesis was found with various heteropolymeric rna templates, with poly(c)-oligo(g)12 but not with poly(a)-oli ... | 1999 | 10196156 |
| sequence and structural elements at the 3' terminus of bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic rna: functional role during rna replication. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, has a positive-stranded rna genome consisting of a single open reading frame and untranslated regions (utrs) at the 5' and 3' ends. computer modeling suggested the 3' utr comprised single-stranded regions as well as stem-loop structures-features that were suspected of being essentially implicated in the viral rna replication pathway. employing a subgenomic bvdv rna (di9c) that was shown to function a ... | 1999 | 10196256 |
| recovery of infectious classical swine fever virus (csfv) from full-length genomic cdna clones by a swine kidney cell line expressing bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase. | a new method for the recovery of infectious classical swine fever virus (csfv) from full-length genomic cdna clones of the c-strain was developed. classical reverse genetics is based on transfection of in vitro transcribed rna to target cells to recover rna viruses. however, the specific infectivity of such in vitro transcribed rna in swine kidney cells is usually low. to improve reverse genetics for csfv, a stable swine kidney cell line was established that expresses cytoplasmic bacteriophage t ... | 1999 | 10204702 |
| typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses directly from blood of persistently infected cattle by multiplex pcr. | a nested multiplex pcr was developed for genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdvs). the assay could detect as little as 3 50% tissue culture infective doses of bvdv per ml and typed 42 out of 42 cell culture isolates. bvdv was also successfully typed, with or without rna extraction, from all 27 whole-blood samples examined from 22 carriers or probable carriers and 5 experimentally infected cattle. | 1999 | 10325368 |
| closed one-tube reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral rna with fluorescent probes. | an assay was developed in which reverse transcription (rt), nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and accumulation of amplicon-specific fluorescence could take place in a single, closed reaction tube. the assay, which was classical swine fever virus rna-specific, was compared with other methods for detection of this virus, including various rt-pcr configurations, virus isolation and elisa. the new method was very sensitive, and less prone to giving false positive results compared to nested pcr ... | 1999 | 10328538 |
| no confirmation of pestivirus rna in human virus vaccines. | | 1999 | 10328688 |
| oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) belongs to the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. both a noncytopathic (ncp) and an antigenically related cytopathic (cp) bvdv can be isolated from persistently infected animals suffering from mucosal disease. in every case studied so far, the genomic changes leading to the cp biotype correlate with the production of the ns3 nonstructural protein, which, in the ncp biotype, is present in its uncleaved form, ns23. this report shows that, in contrast t ... | 1999 | 10355761 |
| genetic analysis of pestiviruses at the 3' end of the genome. | specific pcr primers were selected for each pestivirus genotype which flanked the 3'-part of the ns5b gene and more than three quarters of the 3'-utr. pcr products were sequenced in both directions using an automatic sequencing device and analyzed by computer package program dnastar. a comparative analysis of the 3' untranslated region (3'-utr) of 82 viruses, representing the four genotypes of the pestivirus genus, provided a similar phylogenetic grouping as other genomic regions. intertypic rec ... | 1999 | 10403696 |
| cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic rna replicons of classical swine fever virus. | to determine the minimal requirements for autonomous rna replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), genomes having in-frame deletions within the genes for structural and flanking nonstructural proteins were constructed, based on an infectious cdna clone of csfv alfort/187. rna was transcribed in vitro from the respective plasmids and transfected into sk-6 swine kidney cells. the replication competence of the rna was determined by immunostaining transfected cells for csfv ns3 protein and ... | 1999 | 10438869 |
| diva vaccines that reduce virus transmission. | this brief review deals with the effect of diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals) vaccines (also termed marker vaccines) on transmission of herpesviruses and pestiviruses in swine and cattle. pseudorabies and bovine herpesvirus 1 diva vaccines have been demonstrated to reduce transmission of wild-type virus in populations of pigs and cattle in the laboratory as well as in the field. a subunit diva vaccine based on the immunodominant e2 protein of classical swine fever virus ... | 1999 | 10486928 |
| genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification. | the complete npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). for bvdv-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while bvdv-2, bdv, and csfv were each subdivided into two subgrou ... | 1999 | 10489341 |
| an internal duplication in the 5' noncoding region of strain h: a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolated from pigs. | a pig pestivirus isolate, strain h, was characterized by using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and direct sequencing of the amplicons. a duplication of 74 nucleotides was found at the 5' terminus of the 5' noncoding (nc) region, which was also found in rna isolates from tonsils from two other pigs from the same farm. when the duplication was omitted, the 5' nc region showed 97.8% similarity to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain korevaar and 94% to bvdv strain osloss. furthermore, the ... | 1999 | 10499449 |
| assignment of the multifunctional ns3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus during rna replication: an in vivo and in vitro study. | studies on the replication of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were considerably facilitated by the recent discovery of an autonomous subgenomic bvdv rna replicon (di9c). di9c comprises mainly the untranslated regions of the viral genome and the coding region of the nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ns5b. to assess the significance of the ns3-associated nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase activity during rna replication and to explore other functional features of ... | 1999 | 10516027 |
| establishment and characterization of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic pestivirus replicons. | defective interfering particles (dis) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been identified and shown to be cytopathogenic (cp) in the presence of noncytopathogenic (noncp) helper virus. moreover, a subgenomic (sg) rna corresponding in its genome structure to one of those bvdv dis (di9) was replication competent in the absence of helper virus. we report here that an sg bvdv replicon which encodes from the viral proteins only the first three amino acids of the autoprotease n(pro) in addition ... | 1999 | 10516051 |
| imino sugars inhibit the formation and secretion of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus model of hepatitis c virus: implications for the development of broad spectrum anti-hepatitis virus agents. | one function of n-linked glycans is to assist in the folding of glycoproteins by mediating interactions of the lectin-like chaperone proteins calnexin and calreticulin with nascent glycoproteins. these interactions can be prevented by inhibitors of the alpha-glucosidases, such as n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) and n-nonyl-dnj (nn-dnj), and this causes some proteins to be misfolded and retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (er). we have shown previously that the nn-dnj-induced misfolding o ... | 1999 | 10518544 |
| genetic typing of bovine pestiviruses from england and wales. | using rna purified directly from stored clinical specimens, a collection of 62 pestiviruses were typed by rt-pcr and sequencing within the 5'-untranslated region of the genome. all the specimens had been obtained in 1966/1967 from diary cattle in england and wales. eight further pestiviruses, grown in cell culture, were characterised in the same way. seven of these viruses were representatives of a panel of british isolates, obtained from cattle ten years before. the eighth was the virus used in ... | 1999 | 10535769 |
| pestivirus infection in small ruminants: virological and histopathological findings. | pestivirus infection was detected in several flocks of sheep and goats located in the south of italy by means of serological, virological and histopathological investigations. from four animals, two lambs and two kids, showing enteric symptoms which died during the first week of life, four pestivirus strains were isolated and typed as bvdv-like (three isolates) and "tipic" bdv strains (one isolate). the histopathological lesions consisted of areas of hypomyelination in the brain, and a slight de ... | 1999 | 10555206 |
| mutations abrogating the rnase activity in glycoprotein e(rns) of the pestivirus classical swine fever virus lead to virus attenuation. | classical swine fever (csf) is a severe hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by the pestivirus csf virus (csfv). amino acid exchanges or deletions introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into the putative active site of the rnase residing in the glycoprotein e(rns) of csfv abolished the enzymatic activity of this protein, as demonstrated with an rnase test suitable for detection of the enzymatic activity in crude cell extracts. incorporation of the altered sequences into an infectious csfv clone ... | 1999 | 10559339 |
| congress report on progress in pestivirus virology. | this mini-review highlights new information on various research aspects presented by specialists from all over the world at the 4th pestivirus meeting held in giessen (germany) from march 15-19, 1999. especial attention is paid towards differences in humeral and cellular immune response of naive and persistently infected calves with bvdv, and towards bvd eradication programmes in the scandinavian countries. the development of techniques for an early diagnosis of csf in live pigs and the progress ... | 1999 | 10568008 |
| the rna-dependent rna polymerases of different members of the family flaviviridae exhibit similar properties in vitro. | the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), which is required for replication of the positive-strand rna genome, is a key enzyme of members of the virus family flaviviridae. by using heterologously expressed proteins, we demonstrate that the 77 kda ns5b protein of two pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus, and the 100 kda ns5 protein of the west nile flavivirus possess rdrp activity in vitro. as originally shown for the rdrp of hepatitis c virus, r ... | 1999 | 10573150 |
| expression of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein e2 by bovine herpesvirus-1 from a synthetic orf and incorporation of e2 into recombinant virions. | expression cassettes containing the codons for the pestivirus e (rns) signal peptide (sig) followed by a chemically synthesized orf that encoded the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain c86 glycoprotein e2, a class i membrane glycoprotein, were constructed with and without a chimeric intron sequence immediately upstream of the translation start codon, and incorporated into the genome of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). the resulting recombinants, bhv- 1/sige2(syn) and bhv-1/sige2(syn)-intron, ... | 1999 | 10580045 |
| ovine pestiviruses: their taxonomic status revealed by palindromic nucleotide substitutions. | we examined previously identified border disease virus (bdv) strains by using a newly proposed genotyping procedure based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr), and found 22 (41.5%) out of 53 strains of bdv in the nucleotide sequence databases are not of bdv. all the 22 ovine pestivirus strains were allocated to the bvdv species according to the pns, and were compared with reference strains of pestivirus 1 (bvdv-ia,-ib, and-ic genovars), pestivirus 2 ( ... | 1999 | 10591495 |
| mutational analysis of the gb virus b internal ribosome entry site. | gb virus b (gbv-b) is a recently discovered hepatotropic flavivirus that is distantly related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). we show here that translation of its polyprotein is initiated by internal entry of ribosomes on gbv-b rna. we analyzed the translational activity of dicistronic rna transcripts containing wild-type or mutated 5' nontranslated gbv-b rna (5'ntr) segments, placed between the coding sequences of two reporter proteins, in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in vivo in transfec ... | 2000 | 10623739 |
| perspectives for the treatment of infections with flaviviridae. | the family flaviviridae contains three genera: hepacivirus, flavivirus, and pestivirus. worldwide, more than 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. in addition, infections with arthropod-borne flaviviruses (such as dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, st. louis encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, west nile, and yellow fever viruses) are emerging throughout the world. the pestiv ... | 2000 | 10627492 |
| bovine viral diarrhea disease associated with a contaminated vaccine. | | 1999 | 10636817 |
| typing of pestiviruses from eland in zimbabwe. | pestiviruses were isolated from three eland (taurotragus oryx) in zimbabwe. the viruses were characterised by typing with monoclonal antibodies and by partial genetic sequencing. all were similar to bovine viral diarrhea viruses commonly isolated from cattle. this suggests that bovine viral diarrhea virus can spread from cattle to eland. | 2000 | 10682761 |
| classical swine fever virus e(rns) deletion mutants: trans-complementation and potential use as nontransmissible, modified, live-attenuated marker vaccines. | an sk6 cell line (sk6c26) which constitutively expressed the glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was used to rescue csfv e(rns) deletion mutants based on the infectious copy of csfv strain c. the biochemical properties of e(rns) from this cell line were indistinguishable from those of csfv e(rns). two e(rns) deletion mutants were constructed, virus flc23 and virus flc22. virus flc23 encoded only the utmost n- and c-terminal amino acids of e(rns) (deletion of 215 amino acids ... | 2000 | 10708411 |
| [internal ribosome entry sites in viral and cellular rna]. | | 2000 | 10779943 |
| introduction to classical swine fever: virus, disease and control policy. | classical swine fever virus is a spherical enveloped particle of about 40-60 nm in diameter with a single stranded rna genome of about 12,300 bases with positive polarity, classified as a pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. natural hosts are domestic and wild pigs. the virus causes one of the most severe diseases in pigs world wide with grave economic consequences. the clinical picture of classical swine fever is variable, depending on the age of the affected animals and viral virulence. ... | 2000 | 10785320 |
| evaluation of vaccines, interferons and cell substrates for pestivirus contamination. | pestiviruses are potential contaminants of biological products produced in bovine or porcine cells or manufactured via processes using animal-derived raw materials such as bovine serum. in order to investigate possible contamination of products including those manufactured and/or licensed in the us, 38 lots of viral vaccines and five lots of interferon alpha (ifnalpha) were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the presence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). ... | 2000 | 10799055 |
| a stem-loop motif formed by the immediate 5' terminus of the bovine viral diarrhea virus genome modulates translation as well as replication of the viral rna. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, has a positive-stranded rna genome which consists of a single open reading frame (orf) and untranslated regions (utrs) at the 5' and 3' ends. the 5' utr harbors extensive rna structure motifs; most of them were shown to contribute to an internal ribosomal entry site (ires), which mediates cap-independent translation of the orf. the extreme 5'-terminal region of the bvdv genome had so far been believed not to be r ... | 2000 | 10846062 |
| germinal centre localization of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in persistently infected animals. | immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral lymph nodes from gnotobiotic calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) revealed extensive deposition of e(rns) and localization of the viral genome in the light zone of germinal centres. viral antigen co-localized with immunoglobulin in the germinal centres and was shown to be extracellular. despite the presence of viral antigen in germinal centres, circulating anti-bvdv antibody was not detected. these findings provide evide ... | 2000 | 10859371 |
| mechanism of action of a pestivirus antiviral compound. | we report here the discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of pestivirus replication. the compound, designated vp32947, inhibits the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cell culture at a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 20 nm. vp32947 inhibits both cytopathic and noncytopathic pestiviruses, including isolates of bvdv-1, bvdv-2, border disease virus, and classical swine fever virus. however, the compound shows no activity against viruses from unrelated virus groups. ... | 2000 | 10869440 |
| ns3 serine protease of bovine viral diarrhea virus: characterization of active site residues, ns4a cofactor domain, and protease-cofactor interactions. | the gene expression of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus, occurs via translation of a hypothetical polyprotein that is processed cotranslationally and posttranslationally by viral and cellular enzymes. a protease located in the n-terminal region of nonstructural (ns) protein ns3 catalyzes the cleavages, leading to the release of ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ns5b. our study provides experimental evidence that histidine at position 1658 and aspartic acid at position 1686 constitute togethe ... | 2000 | 10915606 |
| an actin-binding protein is involved in pestivirus entry into bovine cells. | infection of bovine cells with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) can be blocked by the monoclonal antibody (mab) bvd/ca 26, which is directed against a cellular membrane protein. to characterize this molecule, it was isolated and purified by column chromatography. it was found to be an acidic, glycosylated membrane protein consisting of two polypeptide chains of about 28 and 56 kda. under non-reducing conditions the chains formed multimers of about 200 kda. in an actin binding assay the 56 kda ... | 2000 | 10930657 |
| a rt-pcr assay for the rapid recognition of border disease virus. | a reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for the specific detection of border disease virus (bdv), using the primers pbd1 and pbd2 flanking a 225 bp dna fragment, selected from the 5'noncoding region of the pestivirus genome. in tests on 70 pestiviruses it was shown to be bdv-specific. a closed, one-tube nested rt-pcr method employing general pestivirus outer primers (324 and 326), and the same bdv-specific inner primers (pbd1 and pbd2) in conjunction with ... | 2000 | 10958243 |
| [detection of border disease virus in a sheep flock in saxony]. | a pestivirus has been isolated from brain samples of two lambs suffering from clinical signs of border disease. the two identical isolates were allocated to the "true" border disease virus group concerning their reaction pattern with monoclonal antibodies and the 5'utr sequence data. nevertheless, alterations of phenotype and genotype in comparison with references of both bdv-subgroups have been shown. the existence of an infection with border disease virus in the flock has been confirmed by ser ... | 2000 | 10994254 |
| e2-p7 region of the bovine viral diarrhea virus polyprotein: processing and functional studies. | the genes encoding pestivirus e2 and ns2-3 are separated by a sequence that encodes a small hydrophobic polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 6 to 7 kda (p7). it has been shown that cleavage between e2 and p7 is incomplete, resulting in proteins e2-p7, e2, and p7. we found no precursor-product relationship between e2-p7 and e2, which indicates a stable nature of e2-p7. to study the function of the e2-p7 region of the polyprotein, mutations were introduced into an infectious cdna of bovi ... | 2000 | 11000219 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: polymerase chain reaction survey for ovine herpesvirus 2 and other persistent herpesvirus and retrovirus infections of dairy cattle and bison. | using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for sequences of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ohv2), this virus was shown to be significantly associated with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in terminal cases of disease in 34 cattle and 53 bison. ovine herpesvirus 2 was not detected in cattle (38) and bison (10) that succumbed to other diseases. other persistent herpesviruses, retroviruses, and pestivirus, some of which have been previously isolated from cases of sa-mcf, were not associa ... | 2000 | 11021426 |
| proceedings of the european society for veterinary virology 4th pestivirus meeting. giessen, germany, 15-19 march 1999. | | 2000 | 11042395 |
| classical swine fever virus: a second ring test to evaluate rt-pcr detection methods. | six laboratories participated in a study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of rt-pcr tests for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). sets of coded samples were prepared by serial dilution of positive samples and then distributed to each of the laboratories. one set comprised 25 samples of random primed cdna, synthesised from viral rna representative of different pestiviruses. the other set comprised samples of blood and serum obtained from virus-free or csfv-infected pigs ... | 2000 | 11042401 |
| the genetic basis for cytopathogenicity of pestiviruses. | two biotypes of pestiviruses, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncp viruses, can be distinguished by their effects on tissue culture cells. identification of cp bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been frequently reported since antigenically closely related noncp and cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle with fatal mucosal disease (md) and are called a virus pair. in contrast to the bvdv system, only few cp border disease virus (bdv) and cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains have been described ... | 2000 | 11042405 |
| hepatitis c virus internal ribosome entry site (ires) stem loop iiid contains a phylogenetically conserved ggg triplet essential for translation and ires folding. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) is a highly structured rna element that directs cap-independent translation of the viral polyprotein. morpholino antisense oligonucleotides directed towards stem loop iiid drastically reduced hcv ires activity. mutagenesis studies of this region showed that the ggg triplet (nucleotides 266 through 268) of the hexanucleotide apical loop of stem loop iiid is essential for ires activity both in vitro and in vivo. sequence comparison sh ... | 2000 | 11044087 |
| deletions of structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 resolve a linear epitope of monoclonal antibody wh303 and the minimal n-terminal domain essential for binding immunoglobulin g antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum. | the major structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. the current structural model of this protein predicts its surface-exposed region at the n terminus with a short stretch of the c-terminal residues spanning the membrane envelope. in this study, the n-terminal region of 221 amino acids (aa) covering aa 690 to 910 of the csfv strain alfort/187 e2, expressed as a fusion product in escher ... | 2000 | 11090160 |
| recombinant bovine adenovirus type 3 expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoprotein e2 induces an immune response in cotton rats. | recombinant bovine adenovirus is being developed as a live vector for animal vaccination and for human gene therapy. in this study, two replication-competent bovine adenovirus 3 (bav-3) recombinants (bav331 and bav338) expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) glycoprotein e2 in the early region 3 (e3) of bav-3 were constructed. recombinant bav331 contains chemically synthesized e2 gene (nucleotides modified to remove internal cryptic splice sites) under the control of bav-3 e3/major late pr ... | 2000 | 11112498 |
| insertion of cellular nedd8 coding sequences in a pestivirus. | for the cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain cp 821, a duplication of the genomic region encoding part of ns2, ns3, ns4a, and part of ns4b together with a nonviral insertion was detected. further analyses including molecular cloning and sequencing of the putative cellular recombination partner showed that the insertion in cp 821 originated from a bovine mrna encoding the cellular protein nedd8, which is 58% identical to ubiquitin. to our knowledge the genome of cp 821 re ... | 2000 | 11118368 |
| the inactivation of foot and mouth disease, aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. | the aim of the study was to investigate the decontamination of pig slurry containing exotic viruses of pigs, foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). laboratory-scale decontamination experiments showed that fmdv, adv and csfv were heat inactivated in slurry within 3 min at 67 degrees c, 3 min at 62 degrees c and 3 min at 60 degrees c and in glasgow eagles medium within 5 min at 67 degrees c, 4 min at 65 degrees c and 2 min at 65 ... | 2000 | 11119149 |
| giraffe strain of pestivirus: its taxonomic status based on the 5'-untranslated region. | the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the 'giraffe' strain of pestivirus was sequenced for comparison with those of other pestiviruses from cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. a phylogenetic tree constructed with these strains suggested that the 'giraffe' strain was allocated to a new taxon. this observation was also confirmed by a newly proposed method based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable regions in the 5'-utr. other reported pestivirus strains isolated from d ... | 2000 | 11145272 |
| pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiviral effects of hypericin, a derivative of st. john's wort plant, in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | hypericin is a natural derivative of the common st. johns wort plant, hypericum perforatum. it has in vitro activity against several viruses, including bovine diarrhea virus, a pestivirus with structural similarities to hepatitis c virus (hcv). we conducted a phase i dose escalation study to determine the safety and antiviral activity of hypericin in patients with chronic hcv infection. the first 12 patients received an 8-week course of 0.05 mg of hypericin per kg of body weight orally once a da ... | 2001 | 11158749 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein e(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine. | peptides deduced from the c-terminal end (residues 191 to 227) of pestivirus envelope protein e(rns) were used to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to measure specifically antibodies against different types of pestiviruses. the choice of the peptide was based on the modular structure of the e(rns) protein, and the peptide was selected for its probable independent folding and good exposure, which would make it a good candidate for an antigenic peptide to be used in a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11230402 |
| seroprevalence of border disease in danish sheep and goat herds. | a study was conducted in 1994-96 with the aim of assessing the serological prevalence of border disease (bd) among sheep and goats in denmark and to investigate possible relations to herd factors. from each of 1000 herds, 2 blood samples were obtained from animals older than 1 year. the examination for antibodies was performed using a blocking elisa detecting antibodies to pestivirus. data from 815 herds were analysed statistically by the maximum likelihood method in a multinomial model. the est ... | 2000 | 11234967 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at least eleven genetic groups. | seventy-eight bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) recently collected in austria, france, hungary, italy, slovakia, spain and uk were genetically typed in the 5'-untranslated (5'utr) and autoprotease (npro) regions of the pestivirus genome. seventy-six of the isolates were bvdv-1 and two french isolates were of the bvdv-2 genotype. phylogenetic analysis of the 5'utr (245 nt), including additional bvdv-1 sequences from usa, canada, germany, new zealand, mozambique and sweden, taken from genbank ... | 2001 | 11266221 |
| efficient translation initiation is required for replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenomic replicons. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) mediates translation initiation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) rna. studies have suggested that a portion of the n(pro) open reading frame (orf) is required, although its exact function has not been defined. here we show that a subgenomic (sg) bvdv rna in which the ns3 orf is preceded only by the 5' nontranslated region did not replicate to detectable levels following transfection. however, rna synthesis and cytopathic effects were observed following ... | 2001 | 11287572 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a free-ranging mule deer in wyoming. | a noncytopathic type 1a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from a free-ranging yearling female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from northwestern wyoming (usa). the mule deer was emaciated, weak, and salivating, and arcanobacterium pyogenes was cultured from lung abscesses. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from lung, however, bvdv antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. the bvdv genotype was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the rna s ... | 2001 | 11310881 |
| noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis and interferon synthesis. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. both noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) biotypes of bvdv can be isolated from persistently infected cattle suffering from the lethal mucosal disease. the cp biotype correlates with the production of the ns3 nonstructural protein, which in the corresponding ncp biotype is present in its uncleaved form, ns23. previously, we have shown that cp ... | 2001 | 11312340 |
| genomic characterization of pestiviruses isolated from lambs and kids in southern italy. | a nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify 13 pestivirus strains isolated from small ruminants in several mixed (sheep and goats) flocks of southern italy, and for classification as bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1, bvdv type 2, and border disease virus (bdv) genotypes. of the nine ovine isolates, two were characterized as bvdv type 1, and seven as bvdv type 2. the four pestiviruses isolated from kids belong to bvdv type 1. none of the pestivirus strains tested could be cl ... | 2001 | 11337042 |
| rapid transplacental infection with bovine pestivirus following intranasal inoculation of ewes in early pregnancy. | despite the importance of congenital viral infections in both veterinary and human medicine, only limited experimental work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in transplacental virus infections. to further an understanding of fetal infection with pestiviruses, the distribution of bovine pestivirus in the uterine and fetal tissues of ewes in early pregnancy, following a natural route of infection, was investigated. on the 18th day of pregnancy, nine ewes were inoculated by ... | 2001 | 11355657 |
| highly sensitive one-tube rt-pcr and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses. | rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm outbreaks of classical swine fever. the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and its discrimination from other pestiviruses can be achieved by virus isolation on cell culture, antigen detection, or molecular methods. to reduce the time and the number of steps in the diagnostic procedure a sensitive and rapid detection method based on specific amplification of the pestiviral rna by one-step reverse tra ... | 2001 | 11377717 |
| genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from argentina. | genetic typing of 29 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from argentina was carried out by sequencing 245 nucleotides of the rt-pcr products of the 5'-utr region. sequence analysis shows that these argentinean bvdv include types 1 and 2. the majority (26/29) of the isolates are type 1, which comprises subtypes 1a and 1b, together with an additional subgroup within subtype 1a. this subgroup is close to the south african subgroup ic of 1a viruses, and to the deer pestivirus strain "deer". ... | 2001 | 11390117 |
| rna recombination between persisting pestivirus and a vaccine strain: generation of cytopathogenic virus and induction of lethal disease. | molecular analysis of a cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate (1741) obtained from a case of mucosal disease (md) led to the identification of five different viral subgenomic rnas in addition to a noncytopathogenic (noncp) strain (ncp 1741). for each of the subgenomes, a large internal deletion was found together with an inserted sequence encoding part of ribosomal protein s27a fused to an n-terminally truncated ubiquitin monomer. surprisingly, the two cellular insertion ... | 2001 | 11413291 |
| [differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and border disease: seroepidemiological investigation of a pestivirus infection on a mixed sheep and swine farm]. | during recent years neutralizing antibodies against border disease virus (bdv) were found repeatedly in german pig herds. consequently there was a demand for a differential diagnostic system. a permanent sheep cell line and bdv reference strain moredun were chosen and were applied in a could be used case study. a pestivirus could be isolated from piglets on a mixed farm and was characterised as 'non-classical swine fever' (csf) by using monoclonal antibodies. due to a csf suspicion the pig herd ... | 2001 | 11417380 |
| genetic analysis of the pestivirus nonstructural coding region: defects in the ns5a unit can be complemented in trans. | the functional analysis of molecular determinants which control the replication of pestiviruses was considerably facilitated by the finding that subgenomic forms of the positive-strand rna genome of bvdv (bovine viral diarrhea virus) are capable of autonomous replication in transfected host cells. the prototype replicon, bvdv di9c, consists of the genomic 5' and 3' untranslated regions and a truncated open reading frame (orf) encoding mainly the nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ... | 2001 | 11483722 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| genotypes of pestivirus rna detected in live virus vaccines for human use. | live virus vaccines for human use, 29 monovalent vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella or polio, eight polyvalent vaccines against measles-mumps-rubella and one bacterial polyvalent vaccine against streptococcus pneumoniae, were tested by reverse transcriptase-nested pcr for the presence of petivirus or pestivirus rna. twenty-four samples were selected from european manufacturers, ten were from u.s.a. and four from japan. five (13.1%) out of 38 tested samples were positive for pestivirus rna. ... | 2001 | 11503899 |
| a cellular j-domain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus. | pestiviruses are positive-strand rna viruses closely related to human hepatitis c virus. gene expression of these viruses occurs via translation of a polyprotein, which is further processed by cellular and viral proteases. here we report the formation of a stable complex between an as-yet-undescribed cellular j-domain protein, a member of the dnaj-chaperone family, and pestiviral nonstructural protein ns2. accordingly, we termed the cellular protein jiv, for j-domain protein interacting with vir ... | 2001 | 11533209 |
| isolation and characterization of noncytopathic pestivirus mutants reveals a role for nonstructural protein ns4b in viral cytopathogenicity. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototype pestivirus, are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. the cp viruses also differ from ncp viruses by the production of viral nonstructural protein ns3. however, the mechanism by which cp viruses induce cytopathic effect in cell culture remains unknown. here we used a genetic approach to isolate ncp variants that arose from a cp virus at low frequency. a bicistronic b ... | 2001 | 11602707 |
| localization of viral proteins in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in this report, protein localization studies were performed to assess the mechanism for the release of mature virus particles from infected cells. since bvdv is an enveloped virus, budding from either intra- or extracellular membranes is feasible. a prerequisite for the latter mechanism is the integration of viral glycoproteins into the host cell membrane. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) di ... | 2001 | 11602770 |
| translocation activity of c-terminal domain of pestivirus erns and ribotoxin l3 loop. | the pestivirus envelope glycoprotein e(rns) has rnase activity and therefore was suspected to enter cells to cleave rna. the protein contains an rnase domain with a c-terminal extension, which shows homology with a membrane-active peptide. the modular architecture and the c-terminal homology suggested that the c terminus could be responsible for the presumed translocation. peptides corresponding to the c-terminal domain of e(rns) and also the homologous l3 loop of ribotoxin ii were indeed able t ... | 2002 | 11673454 |
| outbreak of foetal infection with bovine pestivirus in a central queensland beef herd. | to describe a significant outbreak of foetal infection and subsequent losses due to bovine pestivirus on a 5200 ha beef breeding and fattening property in central queensland. description of the herd: the affected herd consisted of 656 cows, including 269 recently purchased cows, and 221 heifers that were joined in december/january 1995/96. there were approximately 2500 cattle on the property. | 2001 | 11712707 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus interacts with the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor-1. | a cellular protein that interacts with the ns5a polypeptide of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. the ns5a interactor was identified as the alpha subunit of bovine translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a). cell-free binding studies were performed with chimeric ns5a fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst-ns5a) expressed in bacteria. gst-ns5a bound specifically to both in vitro-translated and mammalian cell-expressed eef1a. moreover, purified eef1a bo ... | 2001 | 11714969 |
| identification of pestiviruses contaminating cell lines and fetal calf sera. | three pestiviruses in fetal calf serum (fcs), a pestivirus in porcine st cell line, and two pestiviruses in two of five bovine cell lines were detected by rt-pcr method employing panpestivirus primers selected from the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr). the 288 bp products were sequenced in both directions. to identify these pestiviruses, their nucleotide sequences and those of reference pestiviruses were used for construction of a dendrogram. three viruses present in fcs and a virus present in the ... | 2001 | 11719986 |
| pathogenesis of transplacental virus infection: pestivirus replication in the placenta and fetus following respiratory infection. | although transplacental virus infections account for considerable morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans, very little is so far known about the pathways whereby virus reaches the conceptus, the subsequent virus-host interactions in the early phases of the infections, and the establishment of persistent non-lethal infection. using a natural animal model we recently demonstrated that bovine pestivirus can spread from the site of infection to the ovine fetus within 72 h, despite the exp ... | 2002 | 11812211 |
| method for detection of extraneous active bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus in animal viral vaccines by rt-pcr, which amplify negative-strand viral rna in infected cells. | an oligonucleotide sense primer, pst324alpha, was designed and used for synthesizing cdna from negative-strand viral rna in infected cells and used for rapid detection of active extraneous bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) in animal viral vaccines by culturing a sample in cells followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). active and inactivated viruses of bvdv no. 12-43 strain and csfv gpe(-)strain were inoculated to bovine testic ... | 2002 | 11846427 |
| experimental model of border disease virus infection in lambs: comparative pathogenicity of pestiviruses isolated in france and tunisia. | pestiviruses have been isolated from live sheep pox tunisian vaccines. vaccination with these vaccines caused outbreaks of border disease in tunisia. in order to study more precisely the pathogenicity of these isolates, three groups of eight four month old lambs from a pestivirus-free flock were infected by the intratracheal route with a french strain (av) and two tunisian isolates (sn3g and lot21). clinical, hematological, immunological and virological parameters were evaluated. the three group ... | 2002 | 11873817 |
| evaluation of poliovirus vaccines for pestivirus contamination: non-specific amplification of poliovirus sequences by pan-pestivirus primers. | two lots of polyvalent live vaccines for human use against poliovirus were tested by reverse transcriptase (rt) and nested pcr for the presence of contaminating pestivirus rna. by rt-pcr, samples from both lots showed a band of approximately 450 bp instead of 300 bp for the reference pestivirus strain used as positive control. after nested pcr, the template dna (450 bp product) was not amplified, suggesting non-specificity of the previous amplification. sequencing analysis confirmed the non-spec ... | 2002 | 11879705 |
| genetic typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from northern ireland and the republic of ireland. | a study was performed to investigate the genotypes and sub-groups of pestiviruses present in ruminants in ireland. these comprised one ovine and eighteen bovine pestiviruses from northern ireland and six bovine pestiviruses from the republic of ireland. a 288 base pair (bp) portion of the 5'-non coding region (5'-ncr) from each of 25 pestiviruses collected over a period of 31 years was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the product directly sequenced. from ... | 2001 | 11883891 |
| a single amino acid is critical for the expression of b-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus ns3 protein. | truncated ns3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved b-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) protein. a goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-ns3 monoclonal antibodies, including the bvdv-1 specific antibody p1d8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain ... | 2002 | 11900844 |
| [the contagiousness of the pestivirus and foot and mouth disease virus]. | | 2002 | 11905240 |
| pestivirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) structure and function: elements in the 5' untranslated region important for ires function. | the importance of certain structural features of the 5' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus (csfv) rna for the function of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) was investigated by mutagenesis followed by in vitro transcription and translation. deletions made from the 5' end of the csfv genome sequence showed that the ires boundary was close to nucleotide 65: thus, the ires includes the whole of domain ii but no sequences upstream of this domain. deletions which invaded domain i ... | 2002 | 11967318 |
| [procoagulant activity of blood cells in pestivirus infection]. | an increased level of procoagulant activity (pca) in leukocytes of pigs with acute classical swine fever (csf) was observed on day 4 postinfection; pca level normalized during the moribund state. csf vaccine strain either did not induce an increase of pca level or induced an increase that persisted for at least 11 days. time course of pca changes in the leukocytes from sheep infected with borderline sheep disease was similar to the time course of pca in acute csf. in vitro each of the pestivirus ... | 2002 | 12046460 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes and in vitro culture of presumptive zygotes in the presence of bovine pestivirus. | a pathogen which has been shown to commonly contaminate in vitro bovine embryo production system is bovine pestivirus (bovine viral diarrhea virus). three experiments were designed to evaluate the in vitro maturation (experiment i), fertilization (experiment ii) and embryo development (experiment iii) of immature oocytes, inseminated oocytes and presumptive zygotes in the presence of a bovine pestivirus (non-cytopathic, ncp type 1). the virus inoculum used was derived from a persistently infecte ... | 2002 | 12047926 |
| leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in pigs after infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2). | the aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2) is pathogenic for pigs, which organs become infected and whether or to which extent the virus is excreted into the environment. ten pigs were observed for clinical reactions after infection with a bvdv-2 strain, that has been shown to be pathogenic in calves under experimental conditions. samples were taken to monitor thrombocyte and leukocyte counts as well as antibody development. post mortem examinations ... | 2002 | 12073495 |
| role of disulfide bond formation in the folding and assembly of the envelope glycoproteins of a pestivirus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, closely related to, and used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis c virus. its envelope contains the e1 and e2 glycoproteins, disulfide linked into homo- and heterodimers. in this study, we investigate the role of disulfide bond formation in the folding, assembly, and stability of bvdv glycoproteins. we provide molecular evidence that intact disulfide bonds are critical for the acquirement of a stable conform ... | 2002 | 12163043 |
| inhibition of beta interferon transcription by noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus is through an interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent mechanism. | the induction and inhibition of the interferon (ifn) response and apoptosis by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been examined. here we show that prior infection of cells by noncytopathogenic bvdv (ncp bvdv) fails to block transcriptional responses to alpha/beta ifn. in contrast, ncp bvdv-infected cells fail to produce ifn-alpha/beta or mxa in response to double-stranded rna (dsrna) or infection with a heterologous virus (semliki forest virus [sfv]). ncp bvdv preinfection is unable to block ... | 2002 | 12186882 |
| [border disease in a flock of sheep]. | this report describes border disease in a flock of sheep in switzerland. in april 2001, three ewes in a flock of 41 sheep gave birth to lambs that had generalized tremors and excessively hairy fleece. one of these, a three-week-old female lamb, was referred to our clinic for further diagnostic work-up. the lamb was very nervous, bleated constantly and had generalized muscle tremors, which were more pronounced in the head region. hind end ataxia was observed, and the lamb was slow to correct its ... | 2002 | 12224448 |
| a structural model of pestivirus e(rns) based on disulfide bond connectivity and homology modeling reveals an extremely rare vicinal disulfide. | e(rns) is a pestivirus envelope glycoprotein and is the only known viral surface protein with rnase activity. e(rns) is a disulfide-linked homodimer of 100 kda; it is found on the surface of pestivirus-infected cells and is secreted into the medium. in this study, the disulfide arrangement of the nine cysteines present in the mature dimer was established by analysis of the proteolytically cleaved protein. fragments were obtained after digestion with multiple proteolytic enzymes and subsequently ... | 2002 | 12239315 |