| localization and analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transforming functions. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) or cloned bpv-1 dna can transform susceptible rodent cells, and the viral dna remains as a stable extrachromosomal plasmid in the transformed cells. the transforming region of the bpv-1 genome has previously been localized to a specific fragment comprising 69% of the genome, which also contains the elements sufficient for extrachromosomal plasmid maintenance. to define more precisely the viral dna sequences which are involved in cellular transformation, we ha ... | 1984 | 6092667 |
| identification of a second transforming region in bovine papillomavirus dna. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) has been used as a model for studying papillomavirus genetics because bpv-1 virions or bpv-1 genomic viral dna efficiently induce morphologic transformation of certain cultured cells. previous studies of bpv-1-induced transformation have found that a cloned 5.4-kilobase (kb) fragment (69t) of the genome is transforming and that a 2.3-kb segment from the 3' end of this fragment is also transforming if activated by a retroviral regulatory element (the long term ... | 1984 | 6096867 |
| papillomas of the teats and udder of cattle and their causal viruses. | an abattoir survey was carried out on 1657 cattle to determine the incidence and parameters of teat and udder papillomas and their causal viruses. recent research has characterised six different bovine papillomaviruses of which three have been found to be particularly associated with teat tumours. of the population studied 37.3 per cent had teat warts and 86.2 per cent of these had multiple infections; 28.4 per cent had papillomas attributed to bovine papillomavirus 1, 88.5 per cent to bovine pa ... | 1984 | 6098066 |
| expression of hepatitis b virus surface and e antigen genes cloned in bovine papillomavirus vectors. | sequences of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome coding for the surface antigen (hbsag), but lacking the regulatory (pres) sequences, were cloned into a bovine papillomavirus (bpv) vector consisting of the transforming 69% of the bpv genome (bpv 69t), and transformed into mouse c127 cells. clones carrying hbv and bpv sequences in the same transcriptional orientation did not produce immunologically active hbsag, while those with the opposite orientation produced and secreted hbsag. rna species of ... | 1984 | 6099321 |
| bovine papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid: a novel eucaryotic cloning vector. | a novel eucaryotic vector derived from the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus was established and demonstrated to be highly effective for introducing foreign genes into animal cells. the foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is replicated and actively transcribed as an episome, and the transcripts are translated into an authentic gene product. we have constructed a dna hybrid molecule, bpv69t-ri1, containing the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus dna and the rat preproinsulin ... | 1981 | 6100967 |
| comparative analysis of human and bovine papillomaviruses. | a method is presented for the analysis and comparison of nucleic acid and protein sequences utilizing all identity blocks (the term "identity block" refers to a set of consecutive matches between two sequences) above a prescribed length. moreover, such identity blocks are determined for various groupings of amino acids according to chemical, functional, charge, and hydrophobic classifications. alignment maps based on these classifications and containing all statistically significant identity blo ... | 1984 | 6100988 |
| transcriptional organization of bovine papillomavirus type 1. | multiple bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1)-specific polyadenylated rna species in a bpv-1-infected bovine fibropapilloma were identified and mapped. all of the rna species were transcribed from the same dna strand of the bpv-1 genome. five rna species previously identified in bpv-1-transformed mouse cells were also present in the bovine fibropapilloma. these five species measured 1,050, 1,150, 1,700, 3,800, and 4,050 bases, mapped within the 69% transforming segment of the bpv-1 genome, and s ... | 1983 | 6137574 |
| bovine papilloma virus transcription: polyadenylated rna species and assessment of the direction of transcription. | the bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv-1)-specific rna species were identified in virus-induced bovine warts, hamster tumors, and transformed hamster and mouse cells. in each case two major species were present (1.1 and 1.3 kilobases [kb]). also two species of 1.6 and 1.8 kb appearing in variable amounts were found. only in the keratinized periphery of the warts, where virus replication takes place, was it possible to reveal an additional 2-kb rna species. in this tissue, however, the 1.6-kb spe ... | 1982 | 6180175 |
| interferon induces morphologic reversion with elimination of extrachromosomal viral genomes in bovine papillomavirus-transformed mouse cells. | the effect of mouse l-cell interferon on bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) transformation of murine cells was examined. mouse interferon reduced the level of bpv-1-induced transformation of mouse c127 cells by 95%. long-term treatment of established bpv-1-transformed mouse cell clones with mouse l-cell interferon led to a decrease in the average number of the plasmid viral genomes present in these cells to 1/3 to 1/8. although revertant lines could not be isolated from these lines in the abse ... | 1982 | 6185955 |
| current concepts in the management of laryngeal papillomatosis. | a wide variety of methods have been described for the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis. this attests to the difficulties encountered in controlling this often refractory disease. recent trends have been directed toward immunotherapy and improved techniques of endoscopic excision. the various treatment modalities are reviewed to provide the reader with updated information and a perspective of the current management of this perplexing disease. | 1984 | 6200454 |
| selective amplification in methotrexate-resistant mouse cells of an artificial dihydrofolate reductase transcription unit making use of cryptic splicing and polyadenylation sites. | we have constructed a recombinant ( pmop ) which is based on the bacterial plasmid pml2 and contains bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv 1) sequences linked to an artificial mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) transcription unit. this unit consists of the sv40 early gene promoter, a complete dhfr coding sequence and splice and polyadenylation sites from a rabbit beta-globin gene. intact pmop or a fragment thereof devoid of pml2 sequences will transform mouse cells to methotrexate resistance. the ... | 1984 | 6202514 |
| synthesis and glycosylation of the common alpha subunit of human glycoprotein hormones in mouse cells. | the synthesis and the post-translational modification of the alpha subunit of human glycoprotein hormones have been studied in a mouse cell. a full-length cdna coding for the human alpha subunit has been expressed in mouse c127 cells under the control of mouse metallothionein regulatory sequences, using a bovine papilloma virus vector. stable clones secreting the alpha subunit into the medium have been obtained. two intracellular forms of 22,000 da and 21,000 da have been detected. pulse-chase e ... | 1984 | 6208554 |
| a quantitative in vitro focus assay for bovine papilloma virus. | | 1980 | 6247821 |
| in vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus dna. | | 1980 | 6251381 |
| equine connective tissue tumors contain unintegrated bovine papilloma virus dna. | bovine papilloma virus (bpv) appears to be the etiological agent of common equine connective tissue tumors. we investigated the physical state of the viral dna within such tumors and found no indication for integration into the host genome. the bpv genomes were present as free circular episomes. two equine sarcoids were shown to contain multiple copies of free circular bpv type 1 (bpv-1) dna. when the tumors were digested with several single-cut restriction enzymes, there were only form iii bpv- ... | 1980 | 6252350 |
| identification of papillomaviruses in butchers' warts. | we have studied the papillomaviruses found in the hand warts of 60 butchers, most of them from 2 distant slaughterhouses. warts differing in morphology and location were studied separately. the viruses were identified by molecular hybridization, restriction enzyme analysis and immunofluorescence. four known human papillomaviruses (hpv-1, hpv-2, hpv-3, hpv-4) were detected and one hitherto unknown papillomavirus was identified in 9 butchers. the dna of the latter virus did not anneal with any of ... | 1981 | 6257792 |
| apparent lack of integration of bovine papillomavirus dna in virus-induced equine and bovine tumor cells and virus-transformed mouse cells. | | 1981 | 6258289 |
| a new phenomenon (smog) associated with solid phase immune electron microscopy. | solid phase immune electron microscopy (spiem) has been used to study the interaction of virus and antibody both quickly and with economy of reagents. unexpectedly, the present study shows that when virus-coated grids are floated on drops of specific antibody the virus particles migrate to form complexes. this has been termed specific migration on the grid (smog) and it is suggested that it can be used both to assess the properties of an antiserum and to make virus more readily detectable. the m ... | 1980 | 6262338 |
| mouse cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus contain only extrachromosomal viral dna sequences. | the viral dna sequences in mouse c127 cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) virions, by full-length linear bpv-1 dna, or by a defined transforming subgenomic dna segment of bpv-1 were examined by reassociation kinetics and blot hybridization. in all cases, the transformed cells contained multiple copies of bpv-1 dna, present exclusively as supercoiled or nicked circular extrachromosomal molecules or as a slowly migrating complex of circular viral dna molecules. in the transfo ... | 1981 | 6265905 |
| characterization of a papilloma virus from the european elk (eepv). | | 1981 | 6266142 |
| bracken fern and papilloma virus in bovine alimentary cancer. | | 1980 | 6266569 |
| isolation and characterization of the major capsid protein of bovine papilloma virus type 1. | the major capsid protein of bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv-1) was isolated by gel filtration following disruption of purified virus particles with guanidine hydrochloride. the capsid protein, vp1, has a mol. wt. of about 53 500. amino acid composition studies of vp1 showed that it is a highly acidic protein containing almost twice the average number of acidic residues than basic residues. relatedness was observed between vp1 and the major capsid proteins of simian virus 40 (sv40) and polyoma ... | 1981 | 6267171 |
| molecular heterogeneity and lesion site specificity of cutaneous bovine papillomaviruses. | | 1981 | 6267786 |
| detection and characterization of viral genomes and search for tumoral antigens in two hamster cell lines derived from tumors induced by bovine papillomavirus type 1. | | 1981 | 6270023 |
| unintegrated viral dna sequences in a hamster tumor induced by bovine papilloma virus. | a fibrosarcoma was induced in a hamster by bovine papilloma virus type 2 (bpv2). the content of bpv2 dna sequences was measured by dna-dna and crna-dna hybridizations. the tumor contained approximately 300 bpv2 genome equivalents per cell. southern blot hybridization indicated that the viral dna was in free form, the entire genome most likely being present. in situ hybridization with bpv2 crna showed that multiple genome copies were present in each cell. neither virus particles nor virus coat an ... | 1981 | 6270360 |
| persistence of non-integrated viral dna in bovine cells transformed in vitro by bovine papillomavirus type 2. | | 1981 | 6270574 |
| analysis of a restriction endonuclease map for bovine papillomavirus type 2 dna. | a physical map was constructed for bovine papillomavirus type 2 dna by the use of restriction endonucleases. a comparison between the genomes of bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 in regard to location and number of cleavage sites of seven enzymes is also presented. this comparison revealed similarities between the two genomes. | 1981 | 6271276 |
| evidence for papillomavirus genus-specific antigens and dna in laryngeal papilloma. | four juvenile laryngeal papillomas (jlps) were examined for papillomavirus genus-specific structural antigens and polynucleotide sequences employing reagents derived from bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1). three of four jlps contained intranuclear antigens in the granular layer of differentiating epithelial cells of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded papillomas assayed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction using an antiserum prepared against purified detergent-disrupted bpv-1. examination ... | 1981 | 6271706 |
| a restriction map of bovine papillomavirus type-1 dna. | | 1981 | 6271914 |
| extrachromosomal bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna in hamster fibromas and fibrosarcomas. | | 1981 | 6274094 |
| gene transfer into mammalian cells: use of viral vectors to investigate regulatory signals for the expression of eukaryotic genes. | | 1982 | 6276090 |
| activation of non-expressed bovine papilloma virus genomes by tumour promoters. | | 1982 | 6280062 |
| virus-specific transcription in bovine papillomavirus-transformed mouse cells. | | 1982 | 6280384 |
| infections by human papillomavirus (warts). | | 1982 | 6282150 |
| clinical observations on bovine papillomatosis (warts). | | 1982 | 6282387 |
| different papillomaviruses as the causes of oral warts. | we have observed four patients with oral papillomas. two children had oral mucosal lesions characteristic of focal epithelial hyperplasia, a young man had common, wart-like lesions on his hard palate, and a male immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient had condyloma-like lesions on his gingivae. papillomavirus-like particles were seen by electron microscopy in lesions from both patients with focal epithelial hyperplasia. no structural antigens for human papillomavirus (hpv) 1, 2, 3, or 5 were ... | 1982 | 6284061 |
| [detection and mapping of conserved nucleotidic sequences between the genomes of human papillomavirus 1 a and bovine papillomavirus 1 by electron microscope heteroduplex analysis (author's transl)]. | three regions of partial homology have been detected between the genomes of human papillomavirus 1 a (hpv-1 a) and bovine papillomavirus 1 (bpv-1) by electron microscope analysis of heteroduplex molecules. these regions contain about 25% of non-homologous bases and represent 13% of the genome length. they have been mapped on the viral dnas. this allowed a reciprocal orientation of the physical maps of the two genomes. two regions are located in the middle of the transforming fragment of bpv-1 dn ... | 1982 | 6286053 |
| bovine papillomavirus vector that propagates as a plasmid in both mouse and bacterial cells. | we report the construction of a bovine papillomavirus (bpv)-derived recombinant plasmid that propagates as an extrachromosomal element in both mouse and bacterial cells. plasmids composed of a subgenomic transforming fragment of bpv dna, a deletion derivative of pbr322, and a 7.6-kilobase fragment of dna from the human beta-globin gene cluster efficiently induce focus formation on mouse c127 cells. bpv-beta-globin hybrids are maintained in the transformed cells as plasmids with a copy number of ... | 1982 | 6287462 |
| animal papillomaviruses. | | 1982 | 6289064 |
| the primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the doubt-stranded circular dna of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) was determined. analysis of this sequence in conjunction with known transcriptional data for the virus provides a basis of determining the organization of the papillomavirus genome. all the major open reading frames are located on the same dna strand. the region transcribed in bpv-transformed cells contains open frames in all three translational frames whereas the region transcribed in pro ... | 1982 | 6289124 |
| purification of bovine papilloma virus by gel filtration on sephacryl s-1000 superfine. | bovine papilloma virus was purified from crude extracts of bovine warts by gel filtration in sephacryl s-1000 superfine. analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy shows that the virus preparation is as pure as that obtained by alternative techniques. the yield of virus particles is in the range 55-80%. the main advantage of using the gel filtration technique is that it is much less time-consuming than currently used centrifugation procedures. | 1982 | 6296176 |
| a plasmid that replicates in both mouse and e. coli cells. | cloned bovine papilloma virus (bpv) dna induces cellular transformation when introduced into mouse cells growing in culture; the transferred viral dna replicates as an extrachromosomal, closed circular element. bpv dna is therefore an inviting replicon to construct a "shuttle" vector that can replicate in both mammalian cells and e. coli. although bpv dna devoid of bacterial plasmid sequences has been successfully employed to reintroduce cloned genes into rodent cells, construction of a true shu ... | 1982 | 6296255 |
| molecular cloning of bovine papillomavirus genomes and comparison of their sequence homologies by heteroduplex mapping. | the genomic dnas of bovine papillomavirus (bpv) type 1, type 2 and type 4 were cloned in pat153. bpv1 and bpv2 genomes were cloned using the single hindiii sites of the vector and virus dnas, and bpv4 was cloned using the single bamhi sites. the orientation of the recombinant dnas was established by restriction enzyme digestion, hybridization and heteroduplex analysis. the results showed that: (i) bpv1 and bpv2 dnas are in register and are broadly homologous throughout most of their length when ... | 1982 | 6296276 |
| transformation and replication in mouse cells of a bovine papillomavirus--pml2 plasmid vector that can be rescued in bacteria. | the unique ability of bovine papillomavirus (bpv-1) dna to replicate as a stable, multicopy plasmid in transformed mouse cells has led to its utilization as a eukaryotic cloning vector. one limitation of the system has been the marked reduction in transformation efficiency when bpv-1 dna or the subgenomic transforming segment of bpv-1 dna (bpv69t) is covalently linked to pbr322 sequences. a dual host replicon consisting of bpv-1 dna and pml2d, a deletion variant of pbr322, was constructed and sh ... | 1982 | 6296820 |
| molecularly cloned bovine papillomavirus dna transforms mouse fibroblasts in vitro. | nih 3t3 mouse fibroblasts were transformed in vitro by transfection with viral dna from bovine papillomavirus (bpv) types 4, 2 and 1. the viral dnas were molecularly cloned in pat153 to construct pbv4, a recombinant plasmid containing the whole genome of bpv4, pbv2 containing the entire genome of bpv2, and pbv1-d1 which contains the 69% transforming dna fragments of bpv1. the transformed cells lost contact inhibition, were anchorage-independent, required low serum and were tumourigenic in nude m ... | 1983 | 6298346 |
| papillomavirus infection of the cervix. ii. relationship to intraepithelial neoplasia based on the presence of specific viral structural proteins. | three hundred twenty-two cases of cervical dysplasia (mild, moderate, and severe) and carcinoma in situ (cis) were examined for the presence of papillomavirus structural antigens with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. the primary antiserum, prepared from purified, detergent-disrupted bovine papillomavirus type 1 virions, is broadly reactive against the genus-specific (common) antigen(s) of the papillomaviruses. using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase tec ... | 1983 | 6299124 |
| papillomatosis of the bovine teat (mammary papilla). | a 4th of 667 cattle examined at a wisconsin abattoir had teat papillomas. excised teat papillomas were sorted by gross morphologic characteristics into 3 groups: (i) atypical filiform, (ii) atypical flat, and (iii) typical fibropapilloma. bovine papilloma virus capsid antigen was detected in thin-section slides of the 3 groups of teat papillomas by peroxidase-antiperoxidase assay. the bovine papilloma virus involved with the atypical papillomas could not be characterized by molecular hybridizati ... | 1982 | 6299141 |
| inducible expression of the human interferon beta 1 gene linked to a bovine papilloma virus dna vector and maintained extrachromosomally in mouse cells. | a 1.6-kilobase dna segment of the genomic human interferon beta 1 (if-beta 1) gene was inserted into each of two possible orientations at the single hindiii site of a recombinant plasmid pbpv69t, consisting of the 69% transforming region of the bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv-1) and a modified sali-sali fragment of plasmid pbr322. after cleavage of the pbr322 sequences from this recombinant, bpv69t-if-beta 1 hybrid dnas were transfected onto c127 mouse cells by the standard calcium precipitat ... | 1983 | 6300659 |
| regulation of a metallothionein-growth hormone hybrid gene in bovine papilloma virus. | we have constructed bovine papilloma virus recombinants carrying a hybrid gene in which human growth hormone structural sequences are fused to the promoter and presumptive control region of the mouse metallothionein-i gene. mouse cells transformed with the recombinants synthesize metallothionein-growth hormone hybrid mrna with the same 5' end as metallothionein mrna. hybrid mrna is inducible by cadmium but not by dexamethasone, whereas the chromosomal metallothionein genes in the same cells are ... | 1983 | 6300840 |
| bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome in hamster sarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro: variation in the level of transcription. | the physical state and expression of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) genome were analysed in two transplantable hamster sarcomas (ht1 and ht2) after a low number of transplantations, in two tumourigenic cell lines derived from the first transplant of ht2 sarcoma and another transplantable sarcoma (ht3) and in tumours obtained by grafting these cells. blot hybridization experiments indicated the presence of multiple free copies of the whole viral genome in ht1 and ht2 tumour transplants ... | 1983 | 6302215 |
| comparative analysis of the human type 1a and bovine type 1 papillomavirus genomes. | the dna sequences of the genomes of the bovine type 1 and human type 1a papillomaviruses were compared. the overall organization of both genomes is very similar. three areas of maximal homology were found in the l1 and e1/e2 genes, and at the beginning of l2. the conservation of homologous amino acid sequences encoded in the open reading frames argues that these segments represent real genes or exons. within these segments, however, only certain domains of the putative proteins are preferentiall ... | 1983 | 6302319 |
| isolation of episomal bovine papillomavirus chromatin and identification of a dnase i-hypersensitive region. | the investigation of papillomavirus chromatin has been hampered by the unavailability of a tissue culture system for vegetative growth of these viruses. we have used, therefore, bovine papillomavirus type 1-transformed hamster embryo fibroblasts containing 200 to 250 episomal genome equivalents per cell as a source of viral chromatin. the selectively isolated chromatin was shown to be slightly larger (80s) than the mature simian virus 40 chromatin, which was cosedimented in a sucrose density gra ... | 1983 | 6302320 |
| transcriptional control signals in the genome of bovine papillomavirus type 1. | papillomaviruses cause benign tumours in their natural hosts, which, in some cases, become foci for the appearance and spread of malignant carcinomas. it is therefore of considerable interest to analyse the strategy of gene expression of this group of viruses. towards this end, we have used a generally applicable technique, in which we monitor the ability of dna fragments to induce the expression of an inactive thymidine kinase (tk) gene, from which the promoter region has been deleted. using th ... | 1983 | 6302515 |
| recovery of a hybrid vector, derived from bovine papilloma virus dna, pbr322 and the hsv tk gene, by bacterial transformation with extrachromosomal dna from transfected rodent cells. | a bovine papilloma virus (bpv)-pbr322-derived recombinant plasmid carrying a 2-kb fragment of herpes simplex virus dna containing the thymidine kinase (tk) gene is capable of transforming tk- cells of mouse l and syrian hamster bhk21 lines to tk+. in transformed cells a small proportion of the plasmid dna is present as extrachromosomal elements while the remainder appears to be integrated into the genome. it was possible to recover plasmids indistinguishable from the input dna by transformation ... | 1983 | 6303907 |
| sequences of bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna--functional and evolutionary implications. | a swedish isolate of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1) was cloned and a 4807 base pairs long sequence was determined, covering the entire late region of the bpv1 genome and strategic parts of the early region. the sequence reveals two large uninterrupted reading frames, designated l1 and l2, which encode tentative polypeptides with molecular weights of 55.5 and 50.0 k. the promoter region for early transcription and the common 3'-end of early transcripts were identified in the sequence by perf ... | 1983 | 6304656 |
| cycloheximide induces expression of the human interferon beta 1 gene in mouse cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus-interferon beta 1 recombinants. | mouse cells transformed by a bovine papillomavirus recombinant vector containing the human interferon (ifn) beta 1 (ifn-beta 1) gene could be induced to produce human as well as mouse ifns. the optimal conditions for induction of human ifn and of its mrna in these transformants resembled those needed for mouse ifn: high concentrations of deae-dextran and low concentrations of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid. superinduction by inhibitors of protein synthesis which strongly stimulate ... | 1983 | 6306284 |
| expression and regulation of a human metallothionein gene carried on an autonomously replicating shuttle vector. | a human metallothionein (mt) gene was inserted into a bovine papillomavirus (bpv) vector. the chimeric vector (pmtii-bpv) transforms rodent fibroblasts to a cadmium-resistant phenotype. the resistance is due to the high level of expression of human mt-ii in those cells. the vector is maintained in the cells as a free replicating plasmid, present at about 10--15 copies per cell. transcription of the episomal human mt-iia gene is initiated from its authentic start sites and is regulated by the lev ... | 1983 | 6306660 |
| comparative studies of the expression of linked escherichia coli gpt gene and bpv-1 dnas in transfected cells. | a series of hybrid plasmids, containing two selective markers that can be expressed in mammalian cells have been constructed. these plasmids are derived from the psv2gpt recombinant plasmid described by mulligan and berg (1980) and contain the entire bpv-1 dna, or the hindiii-bamhi large transforming fragment (t69) or the early transforming region of polyoma virus dna. dna transfers into fisher rat 3t3 cells were performed either by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique, or by protopla ... | 1983 | 6306916 |
| bovine papillomavirus type 2 from bovine cutaneous papillomas in australia. | | 1983 | 6307243 |
| enhanced production of hepatitis b surface antigen in nih 3t3 mouse fibroblasts by using extrachromosomally replicating bovine papillomavirus vector. | we have constructed a recombinant pbr322 plasmid composed of a subgenomic transforming fragment of bovine papillomavirus dna and the hepatitis b surface antigen gene from cloned hepatitis b virus dna and used it for transfection of nih 3t3 mouse fibroblasts. the transformed cells retain the plasmids in extrachromosomal form with a copy number of about 50 to 100 per cell. expression of the hepatitis b surface antigen gene linked to bovine papillomavirus dna is independent of its orientation relat ... | 1983 | 6308420 |
| bovine papilloma virus contains an activator of gene expression at the distal end of the early transcription unit. | bovine papilloma virus (bpv) contains a cis-acting dna element which can enhance transcription of distal promoters. utilizing both direct and indirect transient transfection assays, we showed that a 59-base-pair dna sequence from the bpv genome could activate the simian virus 40 promoter from distances exceeding 2.5 kilobases and in an orientation-independent manner. in contrast to the promoter 5'-proximal localization of other known viral activators, this element was located immediately 3' to t ... | 1983 | 6308425 |
| eukaryotic cloning vectors derived from bovine papillomavirus dna. | | 1983 | 6310337 |
| the transforming function of bovine papillomavirus dna. | when bovine papillomavirus (bpv) or its 7.9-kilobase full viral dna genome induces focal transformation of mouse cells, the viral dna is maintained in the transformed cells as multiple episomal copies. this transforming capacity and maintenance of the episomal state previously has been localized to a 69% subgenomic fragment of the viral dna genome. we now have characterized further the bpv dna sequences that can encode the transforming function. we first created a series of bpv dna deletion muta ... | 1983 | 6310595 |
| european elk papillomavirus: characterization of the genome, induction of tumors in animals, and transformation in vitro. | the european elk papillomavirus (eepv) genome was cloned in the bamhi cleavage site of the pbr322 vector. the cloned genome was used for construction of a physical map, employing restriction endonucleases bamhi, bglii, hindiii, pvuii, saci, and xhoi. the sequence homology between the eepv and bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes was elucidated by performing hybridizations in different concentrations of formamide. sequence homology could only be revealed under less stringent conditions, i.e., tm ... | 1983 | 6312094 |
| identification of two distinct regulatory regions adjacent to the human beta-interferon gene. | to study the regulation of the human beta-interferon (beta-ifn) gene by poly(i)-poly(c), we analyzed the expression of deletion mutants of the cloned gene introduced into mouse cells on a new bovine papilloma virus (bpv) vector. in stable cell lines transformed by a bpv-ifn plasmid containing the beta-ifn structural gene with 210 bp of dna to the 5' side of its mrna cap site (denoted -210), human beta-ifn mrna is induced approximately 400-fold by poly(i)-poly(c), and reproducible levels of expre ... | 1983 | 6313211 |
| host-specificities of papillomavirus, moloney murine sarcoma virus and simian virus 40 enhancer sequences. | the bovine papillomavirus (bpv-1), moloney murine sarcoma virus (momusv) and simian virus 40(sv40) genomes have been shown to contain sequences termed 'enhancers' which activate the expression of linked genes. dna fragments containing these three enhancers have been inserted into recombinant plasmids upstream from the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene, and their effect on tk expression monitored. two types of assay have been used. firstly, the ability of recombinant plasmids to tra ... | 1983 | 6313355 |
| expression of cloned growth hormone and metallothionein genes in heterologous cells. | | 1983 | 6314447 |
| immunopathology of papillomavirus-induced tumors in different tissues. | | 1982 | 6314568 |
| papillomaviruses with unusual restriction endonuclease profiles from bovine skin warts. | | 1983 | 6314968 |
| the molecular biology of papillomavirus transformation. warner-lambert parke-davis award lecture. | | 1983 | 6316792 |
| human papillomavirus: detection of viral dna sequences and evidence for molecular heterogeneity in metaplasias and dysplasias of the uterine cervix. | colposcopic-directed biopsies of the uterine cervix from 22 patients were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna and structural antigens. 11 of the biopsies were classified microscopically as mild dysplasia, 3 as moderate dysplasia, 1 as severe dysplasia, and 7 as squamous metaplasia. nonstringent hybridization with a bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna probe and immunocytochemical analysis with an antiserum against papillomavirus genus-specific structural antigens were perform ... | 1983 | 6317605 |
| glucocorticoid regulation of transcription at an amplified, episomal promoter. | the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (mmtv ltr) has been introduced into cultured murine cells, using the 69% transforming fragment of bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv). transformed cells contain up to 200 copies of the chimeric molecules per diploid genome. the restriction endonuclease map of the acquired recombinants, as well as the physical structure of the dna, indicates that the ltr-bpv molecules present in these cells occur exclusively as unintegrated, extrachromosomal epis ... | 1983 | 6318079 |
| a stable bovine papillomavirus hybrid plasmid that expresses a dominant selective trait. | we describe a bovine papillomavirus hybrid plasmid containing the neomycin resistance gene from tn5 inserted into a mammalian cell transcriptional unit. this plasmid is maintained as a stable extrachromosomal element (20 to 100 copies per diploid genome) in mouse cells selected either for the transformed phenotype or for resistance to the aminoglycoside g418. cells selected for g418 resistance initially display a flat, nontransformed phenotype before exhibiting the gross morphological characteri ... | 1983 | 6318082 |
| characterization of the bovine papilloma virus plasmid maintenance sequences. | bovine papilloma virus (bpv-1) establishes itself as a multicopy nuclear plasmid in somatic mammalian cells in culture. we report here that two discontinuous regions within the viral genome can independently support extrachromosomal replication of the tn5 neomycinr gene in cells that provide viral factors in trans. the viral plasmid maintenance sequences (pms) act in cis and will integrate along with the marker gene in cell lines that do not provide bpv-1 gene products. pms-1 is localized within ... | 1984 | 6319020 |
| the genomes of bovine papillomaviruses types 3 and 4 are colinear. | the 7.2 kb genomic dna of bovine papillomavirus type 3 (bpv-3) was molecularly cloned using its unique ecori site, and the 7.3 kb genome of bpv-4 was cloned using its single bamhi site. the viral genomes were compared by liquid hybridization, southern blot hybridization and heteroduplex mapping. low stringency hybridization conditions revealed that the genomes are colinear but the sequences are extensively mismatched. the relative alignment of the restriction endonuclease maps of the two viral g ... | 1983 | 6319560 |
| dna sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the circular double-stranded dna of the genital human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv6b) comprising 7902 bp was determined and compared with the dna sequences of human papillomavirus type 1a (hpv1a) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1). all major open reading frames are located on one dna strand only. their arrangement reveals that the genomic organization of hpv6b is similar to that of hpv1a and bpv1. the putative early region includes two large open reading f ... | 1983 | 6321162 |
| high-level expression of a cloned hla heavy chain gene introduced into mouse cells on a bovine papillomavirus vector. | a gene encoding the heavy chain of an hla human histocompatibility antigen was isolated from a library of human dna by recombination and selection in vivo. after insertion into a bovine papillomavirus (bpv) dna expression vector, the gene was introduced into cultured mouse cells. cells transformed with the hla-bpv plasmids did not appear to contain extrachromosomal viral dna, whereas bpv recombinants usually replicated as plasmids in transformed cell lines. large amounts of hla rna were produced ... | 1984 | 6321959 |
| evidence that integration of virus dna may not be necessary for maintenance of cell transformation. | | 1984 | 6322234 |
| an enhancer sequence from bovine papilloma virus dna consists of two essential regions. | a comprehensive structural analysis of an enhancer sequence from bovine papilloma virus dna is presented based on the construction and functional analysis of 20 mutant derivatives. the results, obtained in cv-1 tissue culture cells, show that this enhancer is a small genetic element--only 40 bp in length--that contains two essential regions. the two regions exhibit homology to each other and to dna fragments from other viral genomes that also act as enhancers in the assay used. however, there is ... | 1984 | 6324133 |
| human papillomavirus 1a complete dna sequence: a novel type of genome organization among papovaviridae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 1a (7811 nucleotides) has been established. the overall organization of the viral genome is different from that of other related papovaviruses (sv40, bkv, polyoma). firstly, genetic information seems to be coded by one strand. secondly, no significant homology is found with sv40 or polyoma coding sequence for either dna or deducted protein sequences. the relatedness of human and bovine papillomaviruses is revealed by a conserved codin ... | 1982 | 6325156 |
| plasmidial maintenance in rodent fibroblasts of a bpv1-pbr322 shuttle vector without immediately apparent oncogenic transformation of the recipient cells. | a recombinant plasmid was constructed (pv69) which comprises a subgenomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv1) dna, part of plasmid pbr322 dna and a drug resistance gene expressed in both mammalian fibroblasts and escherichia coli. this gene (vv2) is a modified form of the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neo) linked to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) promoter (plasmid pag60), to which the original bacterial neo promoter from transposon tn5 was added back, upstream ... | 1984 | 6325168 |
| use of gene transfer to study expression of steroid-responsive genes. | the ability to introduce dna into eucaryotic cells has provided a means to analyse the expression of cloned genes. by manipulating the genes in vitro using recombinant dna techniques it is possible to identify regulatory dna sequences which are important for individual steps in gene expression. this review will summarize how these techniques have been applied to study steroid-responsive genes and what we have learned about steroid hormone action. | 1984 | 6325273 |
| chromosomal changes in bovine papillomavirus type 1-induced syrian hamster tumors. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) induced fibrosarcomas in the syrian hamster were studied cytogenetically by g- and c-banding techniques. all tumor derived cells showed chromosome abnormalities that remained stable during serial tumor transplantations. cells without chromosome abnormalities found in two cultures were derived from the host animals on account of heterochromatin polymorphisms. in most tumors pseudodiploid cells prevailed, some cells were hypodiploid lacking one or two chromosom ... | 1984 | 6327012 |
| recombinant dna molecules comprising bovine papilloma virus type 1 dna linked to plasmid dna are maintained in a plasmidial state both in rodent fibroblasts and in bacterial cells. | transformed cells obtained after transfecting fr3t3 rat fibroblasts with dna of bovine papilloma virus type 1 ( bpv1 ) maintained only free copies of the viral genome. transfection with bpv1 dna inserted in a bacterial plasmid (pbr322 or pml2 ) did not produce transformants at a detectable rate, unless the viral sequences had been first excised from the plasmid. in contrast, transfer of the same plasmids by polyethylene glycol-induced fusion of bacterial protoplasts with fr3t3 rat or c127 mouse ... | 1982 | 6329696 |
| in vitro transformation by bovine papillomavirus. | we have studied tumorigenic transformation of mouse tissue culture cells by bovine papillomavirus (bpv) as a model of papillomavirus-induced cell proliferation. when bpv or its 7.9-kb full-length viral dna genome induces focal transformation of mouse calls, the viral dna is maintained in the transformed cells as multiple extrachromosomal copies. the transforming capacity was initially localized to a 69% subgenomic fragment of the viral dna genome. we have further characterized the bpv dna sequen ... | 1984 | 6330216 |
| papillomavirus genomes: sequences and consequences. | the complete nucleotide sequences of four papillomavirus genomes recently determined (human papillomavirus types 1a and 6b, bovine papillomavirus type 1, and the shope cottontail rabbit papillomavirus) shed light on the molecular genetics of these epitheliotropic viruses. the organization of the four genomes is very similar, and their comparative analysis suggests new hypotheses about the nature of the viral proteins, their involvement in virus structure, and their interaction with the host cell ... | 1984 | 6330226 |
| [generalized human parapoxvirus infection]. | | 1984 | 6330641 |
| infectious skin diseases of cattle. | | 1984 | 6330955 |
| viral diseases of the skin of the bovine teat and udder. | | 1984 | 6330956 |
| the transformed phenotype in culture and tumorigenicity of fischer rat fibroblast cells (fr3t3) transformed with bovine papilloma virus type 1. | unlike cell lines transformed with polyomaviruses, transformants derived by focus formation or colony formation in agarose medium after transfer into rat fibroblast cells (fr3t3 line) of bovine papilloma type 1 (bpv1) dna were consistently observed to grow poorly in suspension and to remain highly serum dependent for growth in culture. these cells did not produce detectable amounts of plasminogen activator, and kept the flat morphology and organized cytoskeleton characteristic of the normal fibr ... | 1984 | 6330980 |
| secretion of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen from mouse cells using an extra-chromosomal eucaryotic vector. | recombinant dna molecules which contained a subgenomic fragment of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome, the pml2 vector and the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv) genome were constructed. the hbv fragment includes the entire transcription unit for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). after propagation in escherichia coli, the recombinant plasmids were cleaved with endonucleases sali and pvui to eliminate most of the bacterial sequences before transfection of mouse c127 cells. foci were observ ... | 1983 | 6641713 |
| disparate replication properties of integrated and extrachromosomal forms of bovine papilloma virus in id13 cells. | bovine papillomavirus (bpv) previously has been reported to exist in transformed rodent cell lines as both chromosomally integrated and extrachromosomal forms. in the bpv-transformed mouse cell line id13, extrachromosomal bpv molecules replicate throughout s phase of the cell cycle in a random choice mode. we report here that these replication properties were altered for chromosomally integrated bpv dna in five independent id13 subclones. in all of the subclones, the integrated bpv sequences, wh ... | 1995 | 7490737 |
| transformed mouse cell lines that consist predominantly of cells maintaining bovine papilloma virus at high copy number. | rare cells that contain large amounts of bovine papilloma virus (bpv) dna have been observed in populations of bpv-transformed mouse id13 cells. the viral dna molecules in these "jackpot cells" have been thought to have switched from the controlled replication typical of latent bpv infection to the uncontrolled "runaway" prelytic replication characteristic of terminal stage infection of bovine epidermal cells. by sequential subcloning of high-bpv derivatives of id13, we isolated stable cell line ... | 1995 | 7491777 |
| replication efficiency of bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna depends on cis-acting sequences distinct from the replication origin. | the viral elements required for the initiation of replication of bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna include the origin region and two trans-acting factors, the e1 and e2 proteins. we now report that the replication efficiency of a dna molecule which contains these three elements is modulated by other viral sequences. by measuring the extent of replication of deleted viral genomes in transfected mouse cells, we identified sequences required for maximal efficiency. addition of these sequences to a c ... | 1995 | 7494277 |
| suppression of cellular proliferation by the papillomavirus e2 protein. | carcinogenic progression of a human papillomavirus (hpv)-infected cell is often associated with integration of the viral genome in a manner which results in the loss of expression of the viral regulatory protein e2. one function of e2 is the regulation of expression of the viral oncogenes, e6 and e7. introduction of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) e2 transactivator (e2-ta) in hela cells, an hpv type 18 (hpv-18)-positive cervical carcinoma cell line results in growth arrest. in this stud ... | 1995 | 7494290 |
| cellular factors required for papillomavirus dna replication. | in vitro replication of papillomavirus dna has been carried out with a combination of purified proteins and partially purified extracts made from human cells. dna synthesis requires the viral e1 protein and the papillomavirus origin of replication. the e2 protein stimulates dna synthesis in a binding site-independent manner. papillomavirus dna replication is also dependent on the cellular factors replication protein a, replication factor c, and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen as well as a pho ... | 1995 | 7494298 |
| humoral immune response to the e7 protein of bovine papillomavirus type 4 and identification of b-cell epitopes. | we have previously vaccinated cattle with e7, the major transforming protein of bovine papillomavirus-4, prior to homologous virus challenge. this retarded the development of papillomas and promoted their early regression compared to control animals. to understand the mechanism for this regression, we have studied the b and t cell response in vaccinated animals and compared it to that of non-vaccinated, virus-infected animals. the b cell response is reported here. the development of e7 igg antib ... | 1994 | 7510442 |
| cell-free replication of the human papillomavirus dna with homologous viral e1 and e2 proteins and human cell extracts. | we have established the first homologous cell-free dna replication system for a papillomavirus. the replication of the human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) origin was achieved by using human 293 cell extracts supplemented with the hpv-11 e1 and e2 proteins purified from insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. efficient replication depends on the hpv-11 origin, the hpv-11 e1 and e2 proteins, as well as human dna polymerase alpha, delta, replication protein a, topoisomerase i, and t ... | 1994 | 7523366 |
| neutralization of bovine papillomavirus by antibodies to l1 and l2 capsid proteins. | we have generated four mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bovine papillomavirus virions that bound type-specific, adjacent, and conformationally dependent epitopes on the l1 major capsid protein. all four mabs were neutralizing at ratios of 1 mab molecule per 5 to 25 l1 molecules, but only three effectively blocked binding of the virus to the cell surface. therefore, antibodies can prevent papillomavirus infection by at least two mechanisms: inhibition of cell surface receptor binding and a s ... | 1994 | 7523700 |
| antibodies against linear and conformational epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with incident cervical cancer. | in a seroepidemiological study of incident cervical cancer, 94 cases and 188 population-based controls were used to evaluate the disease-association of igg and iga antibody responses against 6 human papillomavirus (hpv) type-16 antigens. nine of the tested antibody responses were positively associated with cervical cancer, with odds ratios (ors) ranging from 2.5 to 15.0. the antibody responses most strongly associated with cervical cancer were iga against e6:10, an epitope derived from the carbo ... | 1995 | 7530234 |