| influence of biological and ecological factors on hematological values in wild little penguins, eudyptula minor. | clinical hematology and biochemistry are recognized as useful aids in health diagnosis in birds. the little penguin (eudyptula minor) is endemic to australia and numbers are declining due to a number of factors including declining health. this 2-year study on both bowen and lion island populations aimed at assessing the potential causes of their declining health. blood was collected from a total of 294 adult little penguins. r.b.c., hb, p.c.v., m.c.v., m.c.h., m.c.h.c., w.b.c. and differential c ... | 2004 | 15313488 |
| top-down population regulation of a top predator: lions in the ngorongoro crater. | efforts to determine whether bottom-up or top-down processes regulate populations have been hampered by difficulties in accurately estimating the population's carrying capacity and in directly measuring food intake rate, the impacts of interspecific competition and exposure to natural enemies. we report on 40 years of data on the lion population in ngorongoro crater, tanzania, which showed strong evidence of density-dependent regulation at 100-120 individuals but has remained below 60 individual ... | 2004 | 15315904 |
| a live dog is better than a dead lion. | | 2004 | 15337897 |
| a light-hearted look at a lion-hearted organ (or, a perspective from three standard deviations beyond the norm). part 1 (of two parts). | throughout history, the heart has been associated not only with its life-sustaining function but also with its close ties to the human emotions. in this literature and internet review, we attempt to gather and organize information from both of these perspectives as they relate to the heart in the following 11 categories: (1) fun facts, (2) medical photography, (3) history, (4) languages (etymology), (5) nonmedical english expressions, (6) death, (7) the arts, (8) movie titles, (9) song titles, ( ... | 2004 | 15358343 |
| a comparison of salmonella serotypes isolated from new zealand sea lions and feral pigs on the auckland islands by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the salmonella serotypes s. cerro and s. newport were isolated from new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) and feral pigs on the auckland islands in the new zealand subantarctic region. the isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using xba1 as the restriction enzyme. the isolates were indistinguishable, which suggests that salmonella infection cycles between sea lions and pigs in this environment. apart from a previous isolation from a single new zealand fur seal (arctocephal ... | 2004 | 15465727 |
| isolation and identification of fungi from vaginal flora in three species of captive leontopithecus. | the ability to reproduce in captivity is an essential component of lion tamarin (leontopithecus) conservation programs. however, infections such as vaginitis, cervicitis, and endometritis are important diseases that may influence the reproduction of these animals. therefore, it is important to detect continuous or occasional vaginal microbial populations, and to understand their potential role as an endogenous source of infection [collins, 1964; blue, 1983; pugh et al., 1986]. vaginal swabs were ... | 2004 | 15538760 |
| a light-hearted look at a lion-hearted organ (or, a perspective from three standard deviations beyond the norm) part 2 (of 2 parts). | throughout history, the heart has been associated not only with its life-sustaining function but also with its close ties to the human emotions. in this literature and internet review, we attempt to gather and organize information from both of these perspectives as they relate to the heart in the following 11 categories: (1) fun facts, (2) medical photography, (3) history, (4) languages (etymology), (5) nonmedical english expressions, (6) death, (7) the arts, (8) movie titles, (9) song titles, ( ... | 2004 | 15556782 |
| the minnesota grading system of eye bank eyes for age-related macular degeneration. | the minnesota grading system (mgs) is a method to evaluate human eye bank eyes and determine the level of age-related macular degeneration (amd), by using criteria and definitions from the age-related eye disease study (areds). | 2004 | 15557458 |
| pcbs and ddt in the serum of juvenile california sea lions: associations with vitamins a and e and thyroid hormones. | top-trophic predators like california sea lions bioaccumulate high levels of persistent fat-soluble pollutants that may provoke physiological impairments such as endocrine or vitamins a and e disruption. we measured circulating levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) in 12 healthy juvenile california sea lions captured on año nuevo island, california, in 2002. we investigated the relationship between the contamination by pcbs and ddt and the circulati ... | 2005 | 15589659 |
| [anisakidosis a marine parasitic zoonosis: unknown or emerging in peru?]. | the purpose of this review is to show the experimental studies carried out on the biological cycle, culture, pathogenicity of the anisakidae nematode larvae and to disseminate the information regarding current epidemy and the probable emergence of anisakidosis in peru, and in addition, to propose measures of prevention and control, as well as the perspective and need for investigation. the studies of experimental pathogenicity in cats, dos, and hamsters are incomplete. eight cases of acute human ... | 2004 | 15614302 |
| prevalence of canine distemper virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in captive african lions (panthera leo) in japan. | sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two japanese zoos. anti-cdv antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. we could pursue antibody responses against cdv in three lions back to 1996. sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-cdv antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. this result suggested that the epidemic of cdv infection in this zoo might have hap ... | 2004 | 15644613 |
| distinct patterns of trypanosoma cruzi infection in leontopithecus rosalia in distinct atlantic coastal rainforest fragments in rio de janeiro--brazil. | previous studies on infection of trypanosoma cruzi in the poço das antas biological reserve population of wild free-ranging leontopithecus rosalia have shown the presence of genotype t. cruzi ii, associated in brazil with human disease. herein, this study has been extended, the infection being evaluated in l. rosalia of 3 different tamarin populations, inhabiting distinct forest areas located in the same atlantic coastal rainforest. edentata, marsupialia, rodentia and chiroptera were examined ex ... | 2004 | 15648693 |
| meningoencephalitis in two stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus) caused by aberrant trematode migration. | meningoencephalitis caused by aberrant trematode migration is described in two california sea lions (zalophus californianus) admitted to a rehabilitation hospital between may and august 2001. both animals displayed seizure activity and were euthanized due to poor response to therapy. gross abnormal findings included liver flukes (zalophotrema hepaticum) in the bile ducts and areas of swelling and necrosis in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis wi ... | 2004 | 15650108 |
| bartonella henselae in african lion, south africa. | | 2004 | 15672532 |
| visual information processing in the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus): mental rotation or rotational invariance? | mental rotation is a widely accepted concept indicating an image-like mental representation of visual information and an analogue mode of information processing in certain visuospatial tasks. in the task of discriminating between image and mirror-image of rotated figures, human reaction times increase with the angular disparity between the figures. in animals, tests of this kind yield inconsistent results. pigeons were found to use a time-independent rotational invariance, possibly indicating a ... | 2005 | 15677862 |
| hcvdb: hepatitis c virus sequences database. | to date, more than 30 000 hepatitis c virus (hcv) sequences have been deposited in the generalist databases dna data bank of japan (ddbj), embl nucleotide sequence database (embl) and genbank. the main difficulties with hcv sequences in these databases are their retrieval, annotation and analyses. to help hcv researchers face the increasing needs of hcv sequence analyses, we developed a specialised database of computer-annotated hcv sequences, called hcvdb. hcvdb is re-built every month from an ... | 2004 | 15702954 |
| historic importance of some aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. | the purpose of this paper is to disseminate, more widely, certain historically important aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. highly meaningful facets of the research were recorded only in a report with limited availability by olsen in 1952. portions of his research presented here include measurements of hookworm free-living infective third ... | 2005 | 15719260 |
| pathology of domoic acid toxicity in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | over 100 free-ranging adult california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and one northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), predominantly adult females, were intoxicated by domoic acid (da) during three harmful algal blooms between 1998 and 2000 in central and northern california coastal waters. the vector prey item was northern anchovy (engraulis mordax) and the primary da-producing algal diatom was psuedonitzschia australis. postmortem examination revealed gross and histologic findings that wer ... | 2005 | 15753472 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in farm-reared ostriches and wild game species from zimbabwe. | one hundred and seventy one serum samples from 10 game species from zimbabwe were tested for igg antibodies to toxoplasma gondii infection using the modified agglutination test (mat). significantly higher seroprevalences were found in the felidae (panthera leo) (92% of 26), bovidae (tragelaphus species) (55.9% of 34) and farm-reared struthionidae (struthio camelus) (48% of 50) compared to the other groups tested. among the bovidae, the nyala (tragelaphus angasii) had the highest seroprevalence o ... | 2005 | 15777687 |
| menu of gravettian people from southern moravia. | there are a number of upper palaeolithic sites of gravettian people in the southern moravia. these people had eaten animals and their bones were used for creating artefacts. their food was based on several species that lived in the vicinity of their settlement unit. the sites dolní vĕstonice ii (under western slope--uws), iia and iii and pavlov (1952, 1953, 1957 and 1958) have been studied to obtain a picture of the menu of gravettian people in this region. hunted animals fall into two groups, t ... | 2000 | 15828198 |
| molecular scatology as a tool to study diet: analysis of prey dna in scats from captive steller sea lions. | the dna of prey present in animal scats may provide a valuable source of information for dietary studies. we conducted a captive feeding trial to test whether prey dna could be reliably detected in scat samples from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). two sea lions were fed a diet of fish (five species) and squid (one species), and dna was extracted from the soft component of collected scats. most of the dna obtained came from the predator, but prey dna could be amplified using prey-specific ... | 2005 | 15836654 |
| the lion at the gate: an hiv-affected caregiver resists stigma. | this article examines two bounded stories of hiv stigma told by an older woman who took care of her adult son as he died of aids. her self-definition as a protector of her dying son was challenged when she encountered ostracism and prejudice. her words and expressions illuminate her confrontation and resistance to associative stigma. an expansion of goffman's view of stigma management is necessary to understand this caregiver's experiences in the face of the larger cultural narrative of hiv stig ... | 2005 | 15847239 |
| leptospiral antibodies in captive lion tamarins (leontopithecus sp) in brazil. | serum samples from 73 lion tamarins of three species living at the centro de primatologia do rio de janeiro were tested for antibodies against serovars of leptospira interrogans by microscopic agglutination test. antibodies were detected in serum samples of 15% of tested samples. seroreactivity prevalence was lower than that described in other non-human primates and could be explained by the arboreal behaviour of these animals. icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serogroup. | 2005 | 15848790 |
| seroprevalence and genomic divergence of circulating strains of feline immunodeficiency virus among felidae and hyaenidae species. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects numerous wild and domestic feline species and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). species-specific strains of fiv have been described for domestic cat (felis catus), puma (puma concolor), lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), and pallas' cat (otocolobus manul). here, we employ a three-antigen western blot screening (domestic cat, puma, and lion fiv antigens) and pcr analysis to sur ... | 2005 | 15956574 |
| plasma membrane ca2+-atpase expression in the human lens. | the focus of the study was to characterize plasma membrane calcium-atpase pump (pmca) isoform expression in the human lens and cultured lens epithelial cells as a basis for future studies of calcium homeostasis in the lens. proteins and mrna expression were analysed using western immunoblotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), respectively. clear human lenses from the kentucky lions eye bank and an immortalized human lens epithelial cell line (hle b-3) were used. rt- ... | 2005 | 15978255 |
| effects of social status, age, and season on androgen and cortisol levels in wild male golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | this study examines factors affecting androgen and cortisol levels in wild, male golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). golden lion tamarins are a cooperatively breeding species in which groups often contain two potentially breeding males. brothers frequently emigrate together and develop a clear dominance hierarchy, but interactions between them are primarily affiliative. duos in which the males are not related are less stable. in addition, reproductive skew theory predicts that dominan ... | 2006 | 15978593 |
| new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) epidemic 2002 (abstract). | the new zealand sea lion is a threatened species and two unusual events contributed to a decrease in recruitment in 2002. the first was a marked reduction (20%) in the number of pups born at the principal auckland island rookeries. secondly, the mortality rate for pups was significantly elevated and was 33% by the end of february, almost three times the mean for that time of the year. counts of females at rookeries indicated that the lowered fecundity was possibly due to a scarcity of food resou ... | 2003 | 16032296 |
| comparison of helicobacter spp. genetic sequences in wild and captive seals, and gulls. | helicobacter species are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal system of humans and many animal taxa. investigations of natural infections are essential to elucidating their role within the host. the feces of fur seals arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and sea lions neophoca cinerea from 3 separate captive populations, as well as a wild colony from kangaroo island, australia, were examined for the occurrence of helicobacter spp. the feces from several wild silver gulls larus novahollandiae w ... | 2005 | 16060262 |
| detection of singlet oxygen production by esr. | singlet molecular oxygen is a very powerful oxidant. its action is important in a variety of chemical and biological processes(1-4), for examples dye-sensitised photooxidation of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids(4), photodynamic inactivation of viruses(5) and cells(4), phototherapy of cancer(6,7), carcinogenesis(8), haemolysis of erythocytes(9), sensitisation of the human skin(4) and degradation of food(4). the methods used to detect singlet oxygen are unspecific, of low sensitivity or laborio ... | 1979 | 16068192 |
| controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies. | increased use of stable isotope analysis to examine food-web dynamics, migration, transfer of nutrients, and behavior will likely result in expansion of stable isotope studies investigating human-induced global changes. recent elevation of atmospheric co2 concentration, related primarily to fossil fuel combustion, has reduced atmospheric co2 delta13c (13c/12c), and this change in isotopic baseline has, in turn, reduced plant and animal tissue delta13c of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. such d ... | 2005 | 16082561 |
| the dielectric properties of the cranial skin of five young captive steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), and a similar number of young domestic pigs (sus scrofa) and sheep (ovis aries) between 0.1 and 10 ghz. | to aid in the development of a long-range subcutaneous radio frequency identification tag to monitor the fate of sea lion pups, the dielectric properties of the cranial skin of young female otariids, and possible test subjects of similar size and age, or pigs (sus scrofa) and sheep (ovis aries) were obtained over a frequency range of 0.1-10 ghz at the base of their heads where the tag will be implanted. the resulting curves were similar in shape to adult human skin data, but the values were gene ... | 2005 | 16088057 |
| leptospirosis in northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) stranded along the california coast. | leptospirosis was identified in six northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) that were stranded in 1995 along the coast of california (usa). histologic lesions in all seals included tubulointerstitial nephritis with tubular degeneration and necrosis. infection was confirmed through identification of spirochetes using an immunohistochemical stain for leptospira sp. antigens. one affected seal had an elevated titer to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. four of the six seals developed ... | 2005 | 16107678 |
| tuberculosis in tanzanian wildlife. | bovine tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, is a pathogen of growing concern in free-ranging wildlife in africa, but little is known about the disease in tanzanian wildlife. here, we report the infection status of mycobacterium bovis in a range of wildlife species sampled from protected areas in northern tanzania. m. bovis was isolated from 11.1% (2/18) migratory wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and 11.1% (1/9) topi (damaliscus lunatus) sampled systematically in 2000 during a meat crop ... | 2005 | 16107683 |
| conservation biology: lion attacks on humans in tanzania. | large carnivores inspire opposition to conservation efforts owing to their impact on livestock and human safety. here we analyse the pattern of lion attacks over the past 15 years on humans in tanzania, which has the largest population of lions in africa, and find that they have killed more than 563 tanzanians since 1990 and injured at least 308. attacks have increased dramatically during this time: they peak at harvest time each year and are most frequent in areas with few prey apart from bush ... | 2005 | 16107828 |
| renal medullary aa amyloidosis, hepatocyte dissociation and multinucleated hepatocytes in a 14-year-old free-ranging lioness (panthera leo). | a 14-year-old lioness, originating from etosha in namibia, and a member of a pride in pilanesberg national park since translocation in 1994, was euthanased due to fight-related vertebral fracture and spinal injury, incurred approximately 6-8 weeks previously. blood specimens collected at the time of death showed mild anaemia and a leukogram reflecting stress and chronic infection. necropsy conducted within 2 hours of death was on a dehydrated, emaciated animal with hindquarter wasting and chroni ... | 2005 | 16108528 |
| structure and patterns of sequence variation in the mitochondrial dna control region of the great cats. | mitochondrial dna control region structure and variation were determined in the five species of the genus panthera. comparative analyses revealed two hypervariable segments, a central conserved region, and the occurrence of size and sequence heteroplasmy. as observed in the domestic cat, but not commonly seen in other animals, two repetitive sequence arrays (rs-2 with an 80-bp motif and rs-3 with a 6-10-bp motif) were identified. the 3' ends of rs-2 and rs-3 were highly conserved among species, ... | 2001 | 16120284 |
| feline lentiviruses demonstrate differences in receptor repertoire and envelope structural elements. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes fatal disease in domestic cats via t cell depletion-mediated immunodeficiency. pumas and lions are hosts for apparently apathogenic lentiviruses (plv, llv) distinct from fiv. we compared receptor use among these viruses by: (1) evaluating target cell susceptibility; (2) measuring viral replication following exposure to specific and non-specific receptor antagonists; and (3) comparing env sequence and structural motifs. most isolates of llv and plv produ ... | 2005 | 16120451 |
| the composition of pulmonary surfactant from diving mammals. | maintaining a functional pulmonary surfactant system at depth is critical for diving mammals to ensure that inspiration is possible upon re-emergence. the lipid and protein composition of lavage extracts from three pinniped species (california sea lion, northern elephant seal and ringed seal) were compared to several terrestrial species. lavage samples were purified using a nabr discontinuous gradient. concentrations of phospholipid classes and molecular species were measured using electrospray ... | 2006 | 16140043 |
| transmission of toxoplasma: clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. | toxoplasma gondii affects a wide variety of hosts including threatened southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) which serve as sentinels for the detection of the parasite's transmission into marine ecosystems. toxoplasmosis is a major cause of mortality and contributor to the slow rate of population recovery for southern sea otters in california. an updated seroprevalence analysis showed that 52% of 305 freshly dead, beachcast sea otters and 38% of 257 live sea otters sampled along the califo ... | 2005 | 16157341 |
| social and reproductive factors affecting cortisol levels in wild female golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | the steroid hormone cortisol has been associated with different levels of "stress" as well as different reproductive conditions in many primates. in callitrichids, cortisol has more often been reflective of female reproductive status than of chronic stress. in this study, we addressed the hypothesis that wild golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia) females, whose social structure is characterized by low aggression and high social support, would not show rank ("stress")-related differences i ... | 2005 | 16163718 |
| neurohistochemical biomarkers of the marine neurotoxicant, domoic acid. | domoic acid and its potent excitotoxic analogues glutamic acid and kainic acid, are synthesized by marine algae such as seaweed and phytoplankton. during an algal bloom, domoic acid may enter the food web through its consumption by a variety of marine organisms held in high regard as seafoods by both animals and humans. these seafoods include clams, mussels, oysters, anchovies, sardines, crabs, and scallops, among others. animals, such as pelicans, cormorants, loons, grebes, sea otters, dolphins ... | 2005 | 16203121 |
| ribotyping of indian isolates of pasteurella multocida based on 16s and 23s rrna genes. | the applicability of ribotyping based on 16s and 23s rrna was evaluated for molecular epidemiological studies. forty-eight isolates of pasteurella multocida isolated from different hosts and geographical locations and one reference isolate were ribotyped. only four ribotypes were found. all the isolates including reference isolate from wild carnivores had the same ribotype, though they had different serotypes. the isolate from a tiger had one band in addition to the bands present in the major ri ... | 2005 | 16215843 |
| infectious disease and the decline of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska, usa: insights from serologic data. | serologic data were examined to determine whether infectious disease may have played a role in the decline of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in the gulf of alaska and aleutian islands, usa. available published data, unpublished data, and recent collections (1997-2000) were compared and reviewed. data were stratified by geography to compare the declining western alaskan population in the aleutian islands through eastern prince william sound to the increasing population in southeastern ala ... | 2005 | 16244061 |
| the rise and fall of psoroptic scabies in bighorn sheep in the san andres mountains, new mexico. | between 1978 and 1997, a combination of psoroptic scabies (psoroptes spp.), mountain lion (puma concolor) predation, and periodic drought reduced a population of native desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) in the san andres mountains (sam), new mexico, from >200 individuals to a single ewe. in 1999, this ewe was captured, ensured to be psoroptes-free, and released back into the sam. eleven radio-collared rams were translocated from the red rock wildlife area (rrwa) in new mexico into the sam r ... | 2005 | 16244062 |
| metastrongyloid nematode (otostrongylus circumlitus) infection in a stranded california sea lion (zalophus californianus)--a new host-parasite association. | a stranded yearling male california sea lion was admitted to a rehabilitation center june 2003. on presentation, the sea lion was emaciated and had diarrhea and neutrophilia. two weeks later, the animal became anorexic, blood and mucus were observed around the oral cavity, and corneal opacity was noted in the right eye. hematology results at that time included leukocytosis consisting of neutrophilia with a left shift, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. despite supportive care, the sea lion died. on p ... | 2005 | 16244070 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in gulf of california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups. | nasal swab samples from clinically healthy california sea lions pups (zalophus californianus) from six different reproductive rookeries in the gulf of california were collected to determine the type and frequency of the representative aerobic bacterial microflora of their nasal mucosa. a total of 114 samples were examined and 100 bacterial isolates were identified and typified by microbiological and biochemical standard tests. fifty four isolates corresponded to gram positive bacteria (54%) and ... | 2005 | 16266850 |
| helicobacter spp. from captive bottlenose dolphins (tursiops spp.) and polar bears (ursus maritimus). | the gastric fluid of six bottlenose dolphins and the faeces of four polar bears from the same oceanarium were examined for the presence of helicobacter. as detected by pcr, all dolphins and 8/12 samples collected from polar bears were positive for helicobacter. novel sequence types were identified in samples collected from these animals of which several were unique to either the dolphins or the polar bears. at least one sequence type was, however, detected in both animal taxa. in addition, a seq ... | 2005 | 16266854 |
| california sea lions (zalophus californianus californianus) have lower chlorinated hydrocarbon contents in northern baja california, méxico, than in california, usa. | chlorinated hydrocarbons (chs) were determined in blubber samples of 18 california sea lions (zalophus californianus californianus) that stranded dead along todos santos bay, ensenada, baja california, méxico, january 2000-november 2001. summation operatorddts were the dominant group (geometric mean 3.8 microg/g lipid weight), followed by polychlorinated biphenyls ( summation operatorpcbs, 2.96 microg/g), chlordanes (0.12 microg/g) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (0.06 microg/g). the summation operat ... | 2006 | 16297516 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of the vagina and prepuce of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and investigation of associations with urogenital carcinoma. | to investigate the association between genital bacterial infection and urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (zalophus californianus), vaginal and preputial swabs for bacterial isolation were taken from 148 free-ranging and 51 stranded california sea lions including 16 animals with urogenital carcinoma. cytological examination of vaginal or preputial smears showed a majority (65.5%, 57/87) of animals examined had mild or no inflammation. aerobic bacteria were isolated from 116 (78.4%) wil ... | 2006 | 16326045 |
| genetic identification of novel poxviruses of cetaceans and pinnipeds. | novel poxviruses were identified in skin lesions of several species of cetaceans and pinnipeds using polymerase chain reaction targeting dna polymerase and dna topoisomerase i genes of members of the subfamily chordopoxvirinae. with the exception of parapoxviruses, no molecular data of marine mammal poxviruses were available to infer genetic and evolutionary relatedness to terrestrial vertebrate poxviruses. viruses were assigned to a cetacean poxvirus 1 (cpv-1) group based on nucleotide and amin ... | 2006 | 16328132 |
| culture-independent characterization of the microbiota of the ant lion myrmeleon mobilis (neuroptera: myrmeleontidae). | ant lions are insect larvae that feed on the liquefied internal components of insect prey. prey capture is assisted by the injection of toxins that are reportedly derived from both the insect and bacterial symbionts. these larvae display interesting gut physiology where the midgut is not connected to the hindgut, preventing elimination of solid waste until adulthood. the presence of a discontinuous gut and the potential involvement of bacteria in prey paralyzation suggest an interesting microbia ... | 2005 | 16332874 |
| wildlife tuberculosis in south african conservation areas: implications and challenges. | tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, was first diagnosed in african buffalo in south africa's kruger national park in 1990. over the past 15 years the disease has spread northwards leaving only the most northern buffalo herds unaffected. evidence suggests that 10 other small and large mammalian species, including large predators, are spillover hosts. wildlife tuberculosis has also been diagnosed in several adjacent private game reserves and in the hluhluwe-imfolozi park, the third larges ... | 2006 | 16343819 |
| first report and characterization of adult uncinaria spp. in new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) pups from the auckland islands, new zealand. | two species of hookworms (uncinaria lucasi and uncinaria hamiltoni) have been formally described from pinnipeds, but dissimilar types are noted from these hosts. this report is the first description of hookworms (uncinaria spp.) from the new zealand sea lion, phocarctos hookeri. the nematodes were collected from dead pups on enderby island (auckland islands, 50 degrees 30', 166 degrees 17') during january and february, 2004. standard measurements of male and female hookworms were obtained, provi ... | 2006 | 16362338 |
| evolutionary analysis of a large mtdna translocation (numt) into the nuclear genome of the panthera genus species. | translocation of cymtdna into the nuclear genome, also referred to as numt, has been reported in many species, including several closely related to the domestic cat (felis catus). we describe the recent transposition of 12,536 bp of the 17 kb mitochondrial genome into the nucleus of the common ancestor of the five panthera genus species: tiger, p. tigris; snow leopard, p. uncia; jaguar, p. onca; leopard, p. pardus; and lion, p. leo. this nuclear integration, representing 74% of the mitochondrial ... | 2006 | 16380222 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. sera from 556 animals, from 13 czech and slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: eurasian wolf (canis lupus lupus), maned ... | 2006 | 16387445 |
| epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in sub-saharan africa. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is highly endemic among the nomadic pastoral tribes of east africa, but is rare amongst the agriculturally based communities. echinococcus granulosus infections are common in dogs from all countries in sub-saharan africa where they have been examined. transmission of e. granulosus to humans is affected by such factors as prevalence of the parasite in domestic dogs, behaviors of humans towards dogs, and heterogenicity of the parasite and susceptibility of humans to infe ... | 2006 | 16406684 |
| immunomodulatory effects of in vitro exposure to organochlorines on t-cell proliferation in marine mammals and mice. | marine mammals bioaccumulate various environmental contaminants such as organochlorines (ocs), which biomagnify via the food web. while the immunomodulatory effects of individual ocs have been studied, the effects of mixtures are not well understood. the immunomodulatory effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) 138, 153, 169, and 180 as well as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and all possible mixtures were examined in marine mammals and mice. lymphocyte proliferation was significantl ... | 2006 | 16407088 |
| prevalence of vesivirus in a laboratory-based set of serum samples obtained from dairy and beef cattle. | to examine sera obtained from dairy and beef cattle to detect antibodies against vesivirus and compare seroprevalence among cattle within the sample population. | 2006 | 16426220 |
| clinical, biochemical, and electrocardiographic aspects of trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | wild golden lion tamarins from the biological reserve of poço das antas, rio de janeiro, brazil, have high prevalence of trypanosoma cruzi infection leading us to clinically assess the disease in this endangered species. | 2006 | 16430495 |
| the role of zoos in the rehabilitation of animals in the circus. | in 1998, the government of india enforced a ban on performance/exhibition of 5 species of nonhuman animals: (a) lions, (b) tigers, (c) leopards, (d) bears, and (e) monkeys. the ministry of environment and forests gave the responsibility to the central zoo authority (cza) for rehabilitation of these animals. between 1999 and 2001, the cza created rescue centers for rehabilitation of lions and tigers in the off-display areas of 5 zoos: (a) bangalore, (b) chennai, (c) vishakhapatnam, (d) tirupathi, ... | 2005 | 16436032 |
| poxvirus infection of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska. | lesions suggestive of poxvirus infection were observed in two steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska during live capture-and-release studies during 2000 and 2001. both of these animals, female pups in poor body condition, were from prince william sound; this population is part of the declining western stock. umbilicated, typically ulcerated dermal nodules were present, primarily on the fore flippers in one case, and over most of the body in the second case. histologically, there were d ... | 2005 | 16456163 |
| clinical sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum infections in dogs. | sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum are related apicomplexans that can cause systemic illness in many species of animals, including dogs. we investigated one breeder's 25 basset hounds for these infections. in addition, tissues from dogs and other non-canine hosts previously reported as s. canis infections were studied retrospectively. schizonts resembling those of s. neurona, and recognized by polyclonal rabbit anti-s. neurona antibodies, were found i ... | 2006 | 16458431 |
| the surface activity of pulmonary surfactant from diving mammals. | pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) have developed a specialised respiratory system to cope with living in a marine environment. they have a highly reinforced lung that can completely collapse and reinflate during diving without any apparent side effects. these animals may also have a specialised surfactant system to augment the morphological adaptations. the surface activity of surfactant from four species of pinniped (california sea lion, northern elephant seal, northern fur seal and ringed seal) ... | 2006 | 16476655 |
| dirofilaria immitis in an african lion (panthera leo). | | 2006 | 16489164 |
| parapoxviruses of seals and sea lions make up a distinct subclade within the genus parapoxvirus. | poxviruses of seals and sea lions have been tentatively identified as both orthopoxviruses and parapoxviruses, but their exact identity remained unconfirmed. here, poxviral dna sequences were generated from 39 clinical cases and compared to sequences from earlier poxvirus isolates from seals (phocidae) and sea lions (otariidae). six genetically distinct poxvirus strains were detected, of which three were previously unrecognized. all detected strains were closely related to the parapoxviruses, co ... | 2006 | 16490227 |
| prevalence and distribution of four serotypes of smsv serum neutralizing antibodies in wild animal populations. | serum neutralizing antibodies to four serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) were demonstrated in a variety of marine and terrestrial species. these results show a wide geographic distribution of sms viruses in the marine environment and indicate that certain terrestrial mammals have been infected with these so-called marine viruses. evidence is presented supporting the theory that unidentified submammalian marine species are a reservoir for smsv. | 1976 | 16498871 |
| babesiosis of wild carnivores and ungulates. | although large and small piroplasms have been reported from various wild carnivore and ungulate species, relatively few have been named. in the past, mere presence of a piroplasm in a specific host frequently prompted naming of a new species. descriptions were often inadequate or lacking altogether. currently, demarcation of species relies heavily on molecular characterisation. even serological evidence is deemed insufficient. experimental transmission of babesia spp. from domestic to wild anima ... | 2006 | 16500026 |
| molecular phylogenetics and diagnosis of anisakis, pseudoterranova, and contracaecum from northern pacific marine mammals. | individual specimens of anisakis, pseudoterranova, and contracaecum collected from marine mammals inhabiting northern pacific waters were used for comparative diagnostic and molecular phylogenetic analyses. forty-eight new sequences were obtained for this study of 14 anisakis taxa, 8 pseudoterranova taxa, 4 contracaecum taxa, and 4 outgroup species. partial 28s (lsu) and complete internal transcribed spacer (its-1, 5.8s, its-2) ribosomal dna was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and seq ... | 2005 | 16539026 |
| radiologic abnormalities of the appendicular skeleton of the lion (panthera leo): incidental findings and mycobacterium bovis-induced changes. | thoracic and pelvic limbs from 15 euthanized free-ranging lions (panthera leo), ranging in age from 16 to 144 months, underwent standard radiographic evaluation. all lions had tested positive for mycobacterium bovis by means of a modified intradermal tuberculn test. the radiographs of six lions were normal and nine had incidental findings of which six had more than one lesion. seven lions had lesions suspected to be associated with tuberculosis, which was confirmed in specific joints in two lion ... | 2006 | 16553146 |
| septal structure and function relationships parallel the left ventricular free wall ascending and descending segments of the helical heart. | determine if ventricular septum structure and function relationships parallel the left ventricular free wall descending and ascending segments of the helical heart. | 2006 | 16564184 |
| ontogeny of diving behaviour in the australian sea lion: trials of adolescence in a late bloomer. | 1. foraging behaviours of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) reflect an animal working hard to exploit benthic habitats. lactating females demonstrate almost continuous diving, maximize bottom time, exhibit elevated field metabolism and frequently exceed their calculated aerobic dive limit. given that larger animals have disproportionately greater diving capabilities, we wanted to examine how pups and juveniles forage successfully. 2. time/depth recorders were deployed on pups, juveniles ... | 2006 | 16637989 |
| sudden death associated with clostridium sordellii in captive lions (panthera leo). | in the spring of 2003, a series of sudden deaths in a group of adult lions (panthera leo) with a previous history of depression, inanition, and lethargy, was investigated. five animals died within 24 to 36 hours after onset of signs of disease. serologic screening for viral disease detection was negative, evidence of parasites was not detected, and results of a complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis were within reference intervals in all lions. the most relevant lesions observed wer ... | 2006 | 16672587 |
| pathology and preliminary characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | cutaneous pox-like lesions are a common complication in the rehabilitation of pinnipeds. however, the exact identity, taxonomy, and host range of pinniped parapoxviruses remain unknown. during a poxvirus outbreak in may 2003 in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) at a marine mammal rehabilitation facility, multiple raised, firm, 1-3-cm skin nodules from the head, neck, and thorax of one sea lion weanling pup that spontaneously died were collected. histologically, the nodules were chara ... | 2006 | 16699145 |
| lesions associated with a novel mycoplasma sp. in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) undergoing rehabilitation. | from july 1999 to november 2001, mycoplasma sp. was cultured from lesions in 16 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) undergoing rehabilitation. the mycoplasma sp. was the likely cause of death of four animals in which it was associated with either pneumonia or polyarthritis. the most common lesion associated with this bacterium was subdermal abscessation, found in 12 animals. other lesions included intramuscular abscesses, septic arthritis, and lymphadenopathy. infection was associated ... | 2006 | 16699147 |
| associations between the alaska steller sea lion decline and commercial fisheries. | the steller sea lion (ssl) population in alaska was listed as threatened under the endangered species act in 1990. at that time, several procedural restrictions were placed on the commercial fisheries of the region in an effort to reduce the potential for human-induced mortality on sea lions. several years have elapsed since these restrictions were put into place, and questions about their efficacy remain. in an effort to determine whether or not fisheries management measures have helped the ssl ... | 2006 | 16711057 |
| faecal helminth egg and oocyst counts of a small population of african lions (panthera leo) in the southwestern kalahari, namibia. | an endoparasite survey of a small pride of african lions (panthera leo) was conducted at intu afrika kalahari game reserve, southwestern namibia, during winter and summer of 2003 and 2004, respectively. overall, 23 fresh lion scats were collected opportunistically during fieldwork trials. a flotation technique was employed for the diagnosis of parasites. three nematodes, ancylostoma braziliense, gnathostoma spinigerum and uncinaria stenocephala and two coccidians, toxoplasma gondii and isospora ... | 2006 | 16715880 |
| a missing model in reproductive skew theory: the bordered tug-of-war. | models of reproductive skew can be classified into two groups: transactional models, in which group members yield shares of reproduction to each other in return for cooperation, and tug-of-war models, in which group members invest group resources in a tug-of-war over their respective reproductive shares. we synthesize these two models to yield a "bordered tug-of-war" model in which the internal tug-of-war is limited ("bordered") by the requirement that group members must achieve a certain amount ... | 2006 | 16717185 |
| seroepidemiology of parapoxvirus infections in captive and free-ranging california sea lions zalophus californianus. | cutaneous nodular lesions caused by parapoxvirus infections are commonly observed in stranded pinnipeds following their arrival at rehabilitation facilities. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and validated to determine exposure to parapoxviruses in california sea lions zalophus californianus in captivity and in the wild. the diagnostic performance of this assay was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. at a selected cut-off value, the calcu ... | 2006 | 16724559 |
| role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in covert word retrieval: neural correlates of switching during verbal fluency. | word retrieval ability is commonly assessed with a semantic verbal fluency task, in which subjects must produce a list of exemplars of a category (e.g., animals). the order in which exemplars are produced is not random; rather, subjects tend to produce "clusters" of semantically related items (e.g., cow, pig, sheep) and occasionally "switch" to other clusters (e.g., lion, tiger, bear). patients with frontal lobe pathology (associated with focal lesions or parkinson's disease) exhibit reduced out ... | 2006 | 16725162 |
| isolation of malassezia spp. from cerumen of wild felids. | the objective of this study was to determine the presence of different species of the genus malassezia in the healthy external auditory canal of wild felids maintained in captivity. one hundred and thirty-two adult animals (264 samples of cerumen), 77 males (58.3%) and 55 females (41.7%), were studied: large felids (55 animals) - 26 lions (panthera leo), 13 tigers (panthera tigris), 6 leopards (panthera pardus), 6 jaguars (panthera onca), 2 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), 2 pumas (puma concolor); s ... | 2006 | 16772235 |
| who ate whom? adaptive helicobacter genomic changes that accompanied a host jump from early humans to large felines. | helicobacter pylori infection of humans is so old that its population genetic structure reflects that of ancient human migrations. a closely related species, helicobacter acinonychis, is specific for large felines, including cheetahs, lions, and tigers, whereas hosts more closely related to humans harbor more distantly related helicobacter species. this observation suggests a jump between host species. but who ate whom and when did it happen? in order to resolve this question, we determined the ... | 2006 | 16789826 |
| the effects of age, season and geographic region on thyroid hormones in steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | the purpose of this study was to investigate thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3), in order to determine basal levels in steller sea lions of different ages and over seasons. serum concentrations of total t4 were highest in steller sea lions followed by total t3 concentrations. concentrations of free t4 and free t3 were three to four orders of magnitude lower. concentrations for all four thyroid hormone measurements tended to a lower level as animals matured b ... | 2006 | 16815718 |
| lying down with the lion: co-operating with the alcohol industry? the 1991 leonard ball oration. | the author examines the extent to which the alcohol industry, while purporting to be a responsible industry sensitive to the potential harm associated with alcohol, has attempted to subvert the efforts of those seeking to reduce that harm. reference is made to recent attempts to circumvent the advertising code, exaggerate the beneficial health effects of alcohol, co-opt the nh & mrc guidelines regarding responsible drinking and minimize community support for control measures. notwithstanding the ... | 1992 | 16840068 |
| antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from the vaginas of captive female leontopithecus (callitrichidae-primates). | the purpose of this study was to provide current data on staphylococcus species from the vaginas of clinically normal captive lion tamarins and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. samples were collected from 25 adult lion tamarins, processed to isolate staphylococcus species, and tested for susceptibility to penicillin g, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin. isolates with the typical chara ... | 2006 | 16847975 |
| purification and characterization of chitinases from clostridium sp. e-16 isolated from the intestinal tract of the south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). | this study was undertaken to examine the properties of chitinases purified from clostridium sp. e-16, an intestinal bacterium of the south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). we also elucidated the taxonomic status of this bacterium to better understand the role of intestinal anaerobic bacteria in marine animals. | 2006 | 16869903 |
| t-lymphocyte profiles in fiv-infected wild lions and pumas reveal cd4 depletion. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that causes feline aids in the domestic cat (felis catus). serological surveys indicate that at least 25 other species of cat possess antibodies that cross-react with domestic cat fiv. most infected nondomestic cat species are without major symptoms of disease. long-term studies of fiv genome variation and pathogenesis reveal patterns consistent with coadaptation of virus and host in free-ranging fi ... | 2006 | 16870846 |
| the evolution of a physiological system: the pulmonary surfactant system in diving mammals. | pulmonary surfactant lines the alveolar air-water interface, varying surface tension with lung volume to increase compliance and prevent adhesion of respiratory surfaces. we examined whether the surfactant system of diving mammals exhibits adaptations for more efficient lung function during diving, to complement other respiratory adaptations. here we review adaptations at the molecular, compositional, functional and cellular levels and during development for animals beginning life on land and pr ... | 2006 | 16877052 |
| the origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion (panthera leo). | understanding the phylogeographic processes affecting endangered species is crucial both to interpreting their evolutionary history and to the establishment of conservation strategies. lions provide a key opportunity to explore such processes; however, a lack of genetic diversity and shortage of suitable samples has until now hindered such investigation. we used mitochondrial control region dna (mtdna) sequences to investigate the phylogeographic history of modern lions, using samples from acros ... | 2006 | 16901830 |
| population dynamics of a group of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) inhabiting a rainforest fragment in the western ghats, india. | we observed the overall population dynamics and number of births and deaths in identified individuals between january 2002 and october 2005, in a large group of lion-tailed macaques in the anaimalai hills of the western ghats in the south indian state of tamilnadu. the group inhabited an isolated rainforest fragment located inside a private tea/coffee garden. the group size increased from 56 in january 2002 to 84 in october 2005. all females reproduced, and the interbirth interval was 23.18 mont ... | 2006 | 16912506 |
| independent variation of retinal s and m cone photoreceptor topographies: a survey of four families of mammals. | in mammals, cone photoreceptor subtypes are thought to establish topographies that reflect the species-relevant properties of the visual environment. middle- to long-wavelength-sensitive (m) cones are the dominant population and in most species they form an area centralis at the visual axis. short-wavelength-sensitive (s) cone topographies do not always match this pattern. we here correlate the interrelationship of s and m cone topographies in representatives of several mammalian orders with dif ... | 2006 | 16961976 |
| comparative analysis of the prion protein gene sequences in african lion. | the prion protein gene of african lion (panthera leo) was first cloned and polymorphisms screened. the results suggest that the prion protein gene of eight african lions is highly homogenous. the amino acid sequences of the prion protein (prp) of all samples tested were identical. four single nucleotide polymorphisms (c42t, c81a, c420t, t600c) in the prion protein gene (prnp) of african lion were found, but no amino acid substitutions. sequence analysis showed that the higher homology is observe ... | 2006 | 16972036 |
| bighorn sheep, mountain lions, and the ethics of conservation. | | 2006 | 17002750 |
| neurologic disease in captive lions (panthera leo) with low-titer lion lentivirus infection. | lion lentivirus (llv; also known as feline immunodeficiency virus of lion, panthera leo [fivple]) is present in free-ranging and captive lion populations at a seroprevalence of up to 100%; however, clinical signs are rarely reported. llv displays up to 25% interclade sequence diversity, suggesting that it has been in the lion population for some time and may be significantly host adapted. three captive lions diagnosed with llv infection displayed lymphocyte subset alterations and progressive beh ... | 2006 | 17005739 |
| dominance hierarchy and social grooming in female lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) in the western ghats, india. | this article reports the structure of dominance and its relationship with social grooming in wild lion-tailed macaque females. the strength of dominance hierarchy was 0.79 on a scale of 0 to 1 indicating a moderate linearity in the ranking system. dominance scores were converted into an ordinal as well as an interval scale. grooming scores were also converted into interval scales using standard scores. grooming received and grooming given correlated positively and negatively respectively with do ... | 2006 | 17006020 |
| estrus behavior and fecal steroid profiles in the asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) during natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus. | in this paper the behavior of the asiatic lion was studied during natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus in relation to fecal estradiol and progesterone concentration. the average length of estrus was 5.4 days and no significant difference was observed between natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus. vocalization and rolling were the major estrus behavioral activities of asiatic lions and the frequency of these activities were similar in both natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus and treatmen ... | 2007 | 17029836 |
| otarine herpesvirus-1, not papillomavirus, is associated with endemic tumours in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the purpose of this study was to determine if otarine herpesvirus-1 (othv-1) is associated with the presence of urogenital carcinomas in california sea lions. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis with primers specific for othv-1 was used to compare the prevalence of othv-1 infection in 15 sea lions affected by urogenital carcinoma with that of age-matched and juvenile tumour-free animals, and animals with tumours of non-urogenital origin. the herpesvirus was more prevalent (100%) and more wi ... | 2006 | 17034810 |
| energy intake, energy expenditure, and reproductive costs of female wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | callitrichid females are often described as energetically constrained. we examined the energy budgets of 10 female wild golden lion tamarins (glts, leontopithecus rosalia) in an effort to understand how energy intake and expenditure might influence physical condition and therefore reproductive performance. we used focal animal sampling to record behavioral data and conducted energy analyses of foods consumed by glts to estimate intake and expenditure. we used two-tailed wilcoxon signed-rank test ... | 2006 | 17044004 |
| pleistocene rewilding: an optimistic agenda for twenty-first century conservation. | large vertebrates are strong interactors in food webs, yet they were lost from most ecosystems after the dispersal of modern humans from africa and eurasia. we call for restoration of missing ecological functions and evolutionary potential of lost north american megafauna using extant conspecifics and related taxa. we refer to this restoration as pleistocene rewilding; it is conceived as carefully managed ecosystem manipulations whereby costs and benefits are objectively addressed on a case-by-c ... | 2006 | 17080364 |
| occurrence of babesia felis and babesia leo in various wild felid species and domestic cats in southern africa, based on reverse line blot analysis. | reverse line blot (rlb) is a hybridization assay that can be used to detect various blood parasites and differentiate between them. results, using the rlb, showed that babesia felis and babesia leo occurred as single or mixed infections in various felid species, but most frequently in domestic cats and lions, respectively. prevalence of infection in free-ranging cheetahs in namibia was low (7, 5%), whereas 50% of free-ranging lions in south africa and swaziland were infected. a large number (52, ... | 2007 | 17084029 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |