| intestinal parasites of raccoons (procyon lotor) from southwest british columbia. | this is the first extensive survey of metazoan parasites (particularly of the roundworm baylisascaris procyonis) from the intestines of raccoons in british columbia. the sample collected in 1997-1998 consisted of 82 raccoons that had been sick or had been killed accidentally by automobiles. fifteen parasite taxa were found: 3 nematodes, 9 digenetic trematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 1 cestode. ten of these parasites constitute new host records for raccoons, including 4 digenetic trematodes that ... | 2000 | 10805249 |
| epizootiological investigations of canine distemper virus in free-ranging carnivores from germany. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects a broad range of carnivores. to assess whether wild carnivores may play a role in the epidemiology of cdv in domestic dogs in germany, the seroprevalence of cdv was determined. in sera from red foxes (30 of 591 (5%)) and stone martens (2 of 10 (20%)) antiviral antibodies were detected using a neutralization assay, whereas sera of raccoons, two mink, one pine marten and one raccoon dog were negative. in foxes, there was a significantly higher prevalence in urb ... | 2000 | 10831852 |
| [molecular phylogeny of canidae using mitochondrial cytochrome b dna sequences]. | 372 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b dna of blue fox, red fox, raccoon dog, and wolf were sequenced. combined with the dna fragments of dog, simien fox, and african wild dog, sequences were aligned and analyzed. there are 113 nucleotide sites substituted (30%). molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by nj method suggests that african wild dog is the earliest divergent. wolf, dog, and simien fox which belong to genus canis are combined into one branch which diverged earlier than raccoon dog, red fo ... | 2000 | 10883533 |
| clinical features of experimental trichinellosis in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | three groups of six raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) were provided for the experiment: the first group was infected with pig-origin trichinella spiralis, the second with raccoon dog-origin trichinella nativa, and the third served as controls. infection dose for both parasite species was 1000 larvae/kg of body weight, which led to intense final infection. clinical signs, haematology and serum biochemistry with repeated blood samples were monitored up to 12 weeks post-infection. the most si ... | 2000 | 10889361 |
| listeriosis in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) associated with canine distemper. | a wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) that manifested severe illness and died was examined. necropsy revealed severe emaciation, systemic icterus and petechial hemorrhages on the mucous membranes. histopathologically, necroses were seen in the liver and brain stem associated with meningitis. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the spleen and intestinal mucosa, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in transitional epithelium in the bladder. l ... | 2000 | 10907692 |
| animal bite epidemiology and surveillance for rabies postexposure prophylaxis. | to understand the epidemiology of animal bites and exposure, evaluate the animal exposure reporting system for surveillance of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep), and identify opportunities to reduce pep. | 2000 | 10909457 |
| antibody for human p75 lntr identifies cholinergic basal forebrain of non-primate species. | 192-igg is an antibody directed against the p75 low affinity nerve growth factor receptor in rats, whereas me 20.4 was raised against the analogous protein in humans. coupled to saporin, 192-igg and me 20.4 have been used to lesion basal forebrain neurons in rats and primates, respectively. we compared the cross-reactivity of 192-igg and me 20.4 in the basal forebrain of rat, human, dog, cat, raccoon, pig, and rabbit. we found excellent species cross-reactivity of me 20.4 in dog, raccoon, cat, p ... | 2000 | 10923666 |
| appropriateness of rabies postexposure prophylaxis treatment for animal exposures. emergency id net study group. | rabies postexposure prophylaxis (rpep) treatments and associated costs have increased in the united states. the extent to which rpep use is consistent with guidelines is not well understood. | 2000 | 10944646 |
| ezrin, a membrane-organizing protein, as a polarization marker of the retinal pigment epithelium in vertebrates. | immunoreactivity for ezrin, a membrane-organizing phosphoprotein that tethers actin microfilaments to cell membrane proteins, was evaluated as a polarization marker in the intraocular neuroepithelial cells of vertebrates, especially in the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe). six fetal human eyes representing the 14th-28th gestational weeks, 9 normal adult eyes, 12 eyes with intraocular tumors, and 26 eyes from 15 other vertebrate species were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the avidin-bioti ... | 2000 | 10955717 |
| classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters. | the antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal coliforms isolated from domestic wastewater and animal feces were determined using a battery of antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and vancomycin) at four concentrations each. the sources of animal feces included wild birds, cattle, chickens, dogs, pigs, and raccoons. antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal colifor ... | 2000 | 10966379 |
| raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis: case report and field investigation. | baylisascaris procyonis is a common and widespread parasite of raccoons in the united states and canada. with large raccoon populations occurring in many areas, the potential risk of human infection with b procyonis is high. we report a case of severe raccoon roundworm (b procyonis) encephalitis in a young child to illustrate the unique clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects, as well as public health concerns of b procyonis infection. acute and convalescent serum and cerebrospinal fluid sam ... | 2000 | 11015551 |
| detection of antibodies reactive with ehrlichia chaffeensis in the raccoon. | antibodies reactive with ehrlichia chaffeensis were detected in raccoon (procyon lotor) serum samples by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. samples from 411 raccoons trapped in the southeastern united states from 1977 to 1999 were tested. serologically reactive samples with reciprocal titers of > or =16 were detected from 83 raccoons (20%) from 13 of 16 counties in eight states, indicating that raccoons are commonly exposed to e. chaffeensis. samples collected as early as 1977 were posi ... | 2000 | 11085432 |
| bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and nontarget species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in florida. | oral rabies vaccine-laden baits, with a tetracycline biomarker, were distributed in pinellas county (florida, usa) by helicopter drop and from cars from january to april 1997. a total of 130,320 baits was distributed throughout the county, yielding an average bait density of 185 baits per km2. bait ingestion was estimated by microscopic detection of tetracycline in tooth and bone samples from 244 raccoons (procyon lotor), 33 opossums (didelphis virginianus), 31 feral cats, and two gray foxes (ur ... | 2000 | 11085436 |
| bait delivery for oral rabies vaccine to gray foxes. | rabies is a widespread zoonotic disease that has reached epizootic proportions in gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) in central texas. because each species of carnivore has different food preferences and foraging strategies, it is essential that the efficacy of a bait delivery program be examined for gray foxes prior to an oral vaccination program being attempted. field trials were conducted to determine bait preferences of free-ranging gray foxes to selected baits and odor attractants. baits ... | 2000 | 11085437 |
| immunohistochemical confirmation of sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons, mink, cat, skunk, and pony. | in the central nervous system of 2 raccoons, 1 cat, 1 pony, 2 mink, and 1 skunk, protozoa previously thought to be sarcocystis-like reacted positively to sarcocystis neurona-specific antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. in addition, s. neurona was identified in the brain of another skunk. these observations indicate that s. neurona is not confined to opossums and horses. | 2000 | 11128499 |
| host association and seasonal activity of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in missouri. | from june 1993 through june 1996, 2,260 adult, 4,426 nymphal, and 2,178 larval lone star ticks amblyomma americanum (l.) were collected in missouri from vertebrate hosts and by dragging a cloth over vegetation. prevalence, mean intensity, and relative abundance of each stage varied among hosts. the relative abundance of adult lone star ticks was highest on white-tailed deer, but this stage was also collected from raccoons, opossum, red fox, coyotes, and wild turkey. nymphs were collected from gr ... | 2000 | 11128501 |
| the distribution of vitamin a and retinol-binding protein in the blood plasma, urine, liver and kidneys of carnivores. | the contents of retinol and retinyl esters as well as retinol-binding protein (rbp) in the plasma, urine, liver and kidneys of dogs, raccoon dogs and silver foxes were investigated. in the plasma and urine of all three species, vitamin a was present as retinol and retinyl esters. vitamin a levels (1376+/-669 microg x g(-1)) were significantly higher in the livers of dogs than in the kidneys (200+/-217 microg x g(-1), p < 0.001 ). however, vitamin a levels in the kidneys of raccoon dogs (291+/-14 ... | 2000 | 11129798 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1999. | during 1999, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,067 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 11.2% from 7,961 cases in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 1998. more than 91% (6,466 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 8.5% (601 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 92.4% in wild animals and 7.6% in domestic species in 1998). no cases of rabies were reported in human beings in 1 ... | 2000 | 11132881 |
| can rhesus monkeys spontaneously subtract? | animals, including pigeons, parrots, raccoons, ferrets, rats, new and old world monkeys, and apes are capable of numerical computations. much of the evidence for such capacities is based on the use of techniques that require training. recently, however, several studies conducted under both laboratory and field conditions have employed methods that tap spontaneous numerical representations in animals, including human infants. in this paper, we present the results of 11 experiments exploring the c ... | 2001 | 11165213 |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the plasma leptin and thyroxin levels of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | plasma leptin and thyroxin concentrations of eleven raccoon dogs and eleven blue foxes were monitored for 6 months. half of the animals were placed on a 3-week fast in november. leptin levels were low in summer, but in october they rose significantly. in november, leptin concentrations decreased rapidly within a week although the body mass of the animals remained stable. there were no significant differences between experimental groups for raccoon dogs, but in blue foxes the fasting group had lo ... | 2001 | 11169498 |
| vsv-nj on ossabaw island, georgia. the truth is out there. | ossabaw island, georgia, is the only recognized enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in the united states and has been the subject of vsv-nj research since 1981. to date, vsv-nj antibodies have been detected only from feral swine, cattle, equines, deer, and raccoons. vsv-nj transmission occurs annually, is seasonal, and is associated with the maritime forest. despite high transmission rates the clinical disease is rarely detected. a sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni) occur ... | 2000 | 11193657 |
| host utilization and seasonal occurrence of dermacentor species (acari:ixodidae) in missouri, usa. | a total of 3,235 dermacentor variabilis (say) specimens were collected from birds, mammals, and by dragging vegetation, and 2,683 d. albipictus (packard) ticks were collected from deer from 1993 to 1996. peak seasonal occurrence of adult d. variabilis was from may through july with a precipitous decrease in august. nymphal d. variabilis populations peaked in june. peak activity of larvae was bimodal, with one activity peak during late summer (september) and a second peak in winter or early sprin ... | 2000 | 11201355 |
| on developing bioindicators for human and ecological health. | risk assessors and risk managers generally either examine ecological health (using bioindicators) or human health (using biomarkers of exposure or effect). in this paper we suggest that it is possible and advantageous to develop bioindicators that can be used to assess exposure and effect for both human and non-human receptors. we describe the characteristics of suitable bioindicators for both human and ecological health, using mourning doves (zenaida macroura), raccoons (procyon lotor), and blu ... | 2001 | 11214446 |
| a review of sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm). | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is a serious neurological disease of horses in the americas. the protozoan most commonly associated with epm is sarcocystis neurona. the complete life cycle of s. neurona is unknown, including its natural intermediate host that harbors its sarcocyst. opossums (didelphis virginiana, didelphis albiventris) are its definitive hosts. horses are considered its aberrant hosts because only schizonts and merozoites (no sarcocysts) are found in horses. epm-like di ... | 2001 | 11223193 |
| myocarditis and encephalitis associated with sarcocystis neurona infection in raccoons (procyon lotor). | sarcocystis neurona associated granulomatous encephalitis was found in 2 of 84 adult raccoons. both raccoons also had an extensive nonsuppurative myocarditis and one had s. neurona schizonts and merozoites in the myocardium. only the asexual stages (schizonts and merozoites) of s. neurona are found in tissues of naturally infected animals (horse, mink, raccoons, cats, skunk, pony, seals, sea otters) and since these have not been reported outside the central nervous system, the presence of concur ... | 2001 | 11223214 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state. | cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ... | 2001 | 11229905 |
| distemper vaccination of farmed fur animals in finland. | the most important farmed fur animal species in finland are the american mink (mustela vison), blue fox (alopex lagopus), silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides); all are susceptible to canine distemper. the only distemper vaccines currently available are for mink, although they also have been used for fox and raccoon dogs in emergency situations. the efficacy in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and the safety of three mink-distemper vaccines were studied under fie ... | 2001 | 11267694 |
| properties of a new cdv isolate from a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) in japan. | | 2001 | 11271918 |
| elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario. | the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ... | 2001 | 11272485 |
| bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging carnivores from michigan. | during a survey of carnivores and omnivores for bovine tuberculosis conducted in michigan (usa) since 1996, mycobacterium bovis was cultured from lymph nodes pooled from six coyotes (canis latrans) (four adult female, two adult male), two adult male raccoons (procyon lotor), one adult male red fox (vulpes vulpes), and one 1.5-yr-old male black bear (ursus americanus). one adult, male bobcat (felis rufus) with histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis was negative on culture but positive for ... | 2001 | 11272505 |
| naturally occurring spirochetes in the colonic mucosa of raccoons (procyon lotor). | the large intestines of 21 raccoons (procyon lotor; 11 wild caught, 10 laboratory confined) were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochetes. light microscopy of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and warthin-starry stain showed the presence of spiral shaped organisms deep within the lumina of intestinal glands at the ileocolonic junction of 16 raccoons (76% prevalence). all laboratory-confined, group-housed raccoons harbored the organisms, but only 6/11 (55% prevalence) live-tr ... | 2001 | 11280383 |
| emergency response to raccoon rabies introduction into ontario. | during 15 july to 4 october, 1999, rabies control programs were implemented with the objective being to contain the first three confirmed cases of raccoon rabies in canada. the strategy, called point infection control (pic) involved the use of three tactics: population reduction (pr), trap-vaccinate-release (tvr) and oral rabies vaccination with baits (orv), to control the spread of raccoon rabies. a total of 1,202 raccoons (procyon lotor) and 337 skunks (mephitis mephitis) were captured and eut ... | 2001 | 11310877 |
| mange caused by sarcoptes scabiei (acari: sarcoptidae) in wild raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides, in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | parasitological and histopathological examinations were performed in 25 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) obtained in kanagawa prefecture, japan, all of which were found to be heavily infected with sarcoptes scabiei. the mites detected on these raccoon dogs were morphologically indistinguishable from the human species, and no demodex mites were detected. histopathological examinations showed prominent hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with eczema, and numerous burrows containing mites were obs ... | 2001 | 11346184 |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the body mass and plasma growth hormone concentrations of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | growth hormone (gh) promotes growth and endochondral ossification, but it is also important in the response to fasting due to its effects of increasing gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. in this study eleven raccoon dogs and blue foxes were followed for six months and their body mass and gh levels were measured. in november half of the animals of both species were put to a three-week fast. there were no significant differences in the gh levels between the animals of different ages and the subadults ... | 2001 | 11421462 |
| prevalence of dirofilarial infection in raccoon dogs in japan. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) is known to acquire canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) infection. we surveyed the prevalence of heartworm infection in free-ranging raccoon dogs in the nishi-tama (tokyo) and kanagawa areas of japan. a total of 75 raccoon dog carcasses, including 29 animals from the nishi-tama area and 46 from the kanagawa area, were necropsied between 1992 and 1993. eight out of 75 raccoon dogs were found to be infected (overall 10.7%). the prevalence of ... | 2000 | 11426580 |
| human identification from forensic materials by amplification of a human-specific sequence in the myoglobin gene. | we developed a method for human identification of forensic biological materials by pcr-based detection of a human-specific sequence in exon 3 of the myoglobin gene. this human-specific dna sequence was deduced from differences in the amino acid sequences of myoglobins between humans and other animal species. the new method enabled amplification of the target dna fragment from 30 samples of human dna, and the amplified sequences were identical with that already reported. using this method, we wer ... | 2001 | 11434430 |
| phylogenetic implications of the 38 putative ancestral chromosome segments for four canid species. | chromosome homologies between the japanese raccoon dog (nectereutes procyonoides viverrinus, 2n = 39 + 2-4 b chromosomes) and domestic dog (canis familiaris, 2n = 78) have been established by hybridizing a complete set of canine paint probes onto high-resolution g-banded chromosomes of the raccoon dog. dog chromosomes 1, 13, and 19 each correspond to two raccoon dog chromosome segments, while the remaining 35 dog autosomes each correspond to a single segment. in total, 38 dog autosome paints rev ... | 2001 | 11435696 |
| first report of trichinella nativa in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) from otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | forty-three red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and nine raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) were captured in otaru city, hokkaido, japan and examined by muscle digestion for the presence of trichinella sp. larvae. of the foxes, five (11.6%) were positive for larvae of trichinella nativa while none of the raccoon dogs were found to be positive. this finding suggests that the red foxes are important reservoir hosts of sylvatic trichinellosis in otaru, hokkaido. this is the first re ... | 2001 | 11438434 |
| comparison of tissue stages of hepatozoon americanum in the dog using immunohistochemical and routine histologic methods. | american canine hepatozoonosis is caused by hepatozoon americanum, a recently described species of apicomplexan protozoan parasite. an immunohistochemical procedure using a polyclonal antibody to sporozoites of h. americanum clearly identified asexual stages of h. americanum in canine striated muscle. the method also detects hepatozoa present in naturally infected coyotes and raccoons and reacts with certain other apicomplexans. use of this immunohistochemical procedure confirms the canine inter ... | 2001 | 11467476 |
| macracanthorhynchus ingens infection in a dog. | a 4-month-old sexually intact female siberian husky was examined because of diarrhea and 4 flesh-colored annulated helminths that were recovered from the dog's feces. infection with macracanthorhynchus ingens was diagnosed on the basis of morphologic features of the adult parasites and ova. spindle-shaped eggs (mean length, 91 microm; mean width; 54 microm) were obtained from the body cavity of a gravid female specimen. the dog was treated empirically with epsiprantel (5.5 mg/kg [2.5 mg/lb] of b ... | 2001 | 11469574 |
| spotted fever group rickettsia in dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) infesting raccoons (carnivora: procyonidae) and opossums (marsupialia: didelphimorphidae) in tennessee. | spotted fever group rickettsia were present in 13 of 1,171 (1.1%) of adult dermacentor variabilis say removed from raccoons (procyon lotor l.) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana kerr) in western tennessee. spotted fever group rickettsia were detected by amplification of a 617-bp segment of the citrate synthase gene by polymerase chain reaction. | 2001 | 11476343 |
| evaluation of two pcr-based techniques for molecular epidemiology in finland, a high-endemic area with four sympatric trichinella species. | trichinella larvae collected from wildlife, domestic and synanthropic animals in finland were identified to species by two molecular techniques: random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the recently described multiplex pcr. the rapd-pcr was very sensitive to the sub-optimal preservation muscle larvae and resulting in weak and smeared bands on the gels for such material. however, the same samples yielded easily recognizable bands in the multiplex pcr; this latte ... | 2001 | 11484379 |
| sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. | there are no published reports of domestic or sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. the aim of the present survey was to determine the presence of trichinella species in selected representative species of potential wildlife reservoirs in southern texas. in 1998-99, tongues of 211 wild mammals were collected in southern texas: 154 coyotes (canis latrans), three bobcats (lynx rufus), 32 racoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossum (didelphis marsupialis), four ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and five wild boars ( ... | 2001 | 11484391 |
| epidemiological studies on animal and human trichinellosis in estonia. | from 1992 to 1999, muscle samples from 814 sylvatic animals and 1,173 domestic and synanthropic animals were collected in 15 districts of estonia; the prevalence of trichinellosis ranged from 1.0% to 79.4% for sylvatic animals and from 0.6% to 24.5% for domestic or synanthropic animals and for animals from fur-bearing farms. the most important reservoirs of trichinella in nature were the raccoon dog, the red fox, the lynx and the wolf. three species of trichinella (t. spiralis, t. nativa, and t. ... | 2001 | 11484393 |
| [helminth findings in indigenous raccoon dogs nyctereutes procyonoides (gray, 1843)]. | internal organs of 74 racoon dogs originating from the eastern districts of the federal land brandenburg were subjected to a complete helminthological dissection. in addition, samples of diaphragma muscles from 46 further animals were examined for trichinella larvae. altogether 3 trematode- (alaria alata, isthmiophora melis, metorchis bilis), 3 cestode- (mesocestoides sp., echinococcus multilocularis, taenia polyacantha) and 7 nematode species (capillaria aerophila, c. plica, trichinella spirali ... | 2001 | 11505800 |
| eosinophil-associated inflammation and elaboration of eosinophil-derived proteins in 2 children with raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis. | eosinophil-associated proteins, especially eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, may be important contributors to the neurologic pathology and symptoms caused by baylisascaris procyonis infection. | 2001 | 11694677 |
| comparison of serological methods and blood culture for detection of trypanosoma cruzi infection in raccoons (procyon lotor). | the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared with blood culture for the detection of trypanosoma cruzi infection in 83 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in 4 counties of southeast georgia. both ifat and elisa detected 24 of 25 culture-positive samples (96% sensitivity). cultures from 25 raccoons (30%) were positive for epimastigotes, whereas a total of 50 raccoons (60%) was seropositive by either the ifat or elisa. forty-five of 8 ... | 2001 | 11695383 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to neospora caninum in raccoons, procyon lotor. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neonatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. dogs are the only proven definitive host. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in wildlife. sera from 99 raccoons (procyon lotor) were examined for agglutinating antibodies to n. caninum using the modified agglutination test employing formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. raccoons originated in florida (n = 24, collected in 1996), new jersey (n ... | 2001 | 11695399 |
| trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern united states. | several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of trichinella were examined from texas, new mexico, and arizona. during 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (ursus americanus) in arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (canis latrans), and a mountain lion (felis concolor) in new mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossums (didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (sus scrofa) in southern tex ... | 2001 | 11695403 |
| sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons (procyon lotor): evidence for natural infection with sarcocysts, transmission of infection to opossums (didelphis virginiana), and experimental induction of neurologic disease in raccoons. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is a serious neurologic disease of horses in the americas and sarcocystis neurona is the most common etiologic agent. the distribution of s. neurona infections follows the geographical distributions of its definitive hosts, opossums (didelphis virginiana, didelphis albiventris). recently, cats and skunks were reported as experimental and armadillos as natural intermediate hosts of s. neurona. in the present report, raccoons (procyon lotor) were identified ... | 2001 | 11698157 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to sarcocystis neurona in raccoons, procyon lotor, from the united states. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is the most important protozoal disease of horses in north america and it is caused by sarcocystis neurona. natural cases of encephalitis due to s. neurona have been reported in raccoons, procyon lotor. we examined 99 raccoons for agglutinating antibodies to s. neurona using the s. neurona agglutination test (sat) employing formalin-fixed merozoites as antigen. raccoons originated in florida (n=24, collected in 1996), new jersey (n=25, collected in 1993), ... | 2001 | 11698158 |
| comparative immunogenicity and efficacy studies with oral rabies virus vaccine sad p5/88 in raccoon dogs and red foxes. | a comparative study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the oral rabies virus vaccine sad p5/88 in raccoon dogs and foxes was conducted. the raccoon dogs received 10(6.9) (n = 6), 10(6.3) (n = 6) or 10(5.7) ffu sad p5/88 (n = 5) by direct oral application, and subsequently all animals seroconverted. the foxes received 10(7.2) (n = 4), 10(6.2) (n = 4), 10(5.2) (n = 4) and 10(4.2) ffu sad p5/88 (n = 5) by the same route. on days 106 and 196 post vaccination 10 raccoon dogs and 16 foxes were challeng ... | 2001 | 11702339 |
| maternal immunity against rabies in raccoon dogs. | the objective of the study was to examine possible maternally transferred antibodies (maab) against rabies in raccoon dogs. ten cubs born from a rabies-immune animal were bled on days 31, 36, 43, 50, 57 and 64 post partum. the geometric mean titres of the cubs were 1.19, 1.18, 0.45, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.16 iu/ml, respectively. up to 36 days post partum maab were detected in all cubs at levels > or = 0.5 iu/ml and at day 56 post partum all animals had maab levels < 0.5 iu/ml. based on the results of ... | 2001 | 11702340 |
| molecular evolution of leptin. | leptin, a hormone produced mainly by adipocytes, is involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, and reproduction. the objective of this study was to determine the evolutionary relationships of leptin genes. partial nucleotide sequences of leptin were cloned and sequenced from six mammalian species: large hairy armadillo (chaetophractus villosus), rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) [corrected], striped skunk (mephitis mephitis), raccoon (procyon lotor), an ... | 2001 | 11703084 |
| the prevalence of interstitial nephritis and leptospirosis in 283 raccoons (procyon lotor) from 5 different sites in the united states. | a retrospective histopathological study was carried out on tissues of 283 raccoons from 5 different geographical locations for presence of interstitial nephritis and renal leptospirosis. results of this study indicate that although interstitial nephritis was common in raccoons from all locations, the presence of renal leptospiral spirochetes was not. | 2001 | 11708206 |
| epizootic situation and risk of rabies exposure in polish population in 2000, with special attention to lublin province. | in poland in 2000 a total of 2,221 cases of animal rabies were reported, including 1,874 (84.4%) of wild animals. the evaluation of epizootic situation in 2000 has shown a few cases of animal rabies in western provinces of poland, so in regions where a programme aimed at oral vaccination of foxes was introduced. most cases of animal rabies were identified in the northeastern region, as well as in eastern and central poland. in october 2000 in warminsko-mazurskie province (northeastern region of ... | 2001 | 11748869 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2000. | during 2000, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,364 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 5 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 4.3% from 7,067 cases in nonhuman animals reported in 1999. ninety-three percent (6,855 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.9% (509 cases) were in domestic species (compared wth 91.5% in wild animals and 8.5% in domestic species in 1999). compared with cases reported in 1999, the numbe ... | 2001 | 11767918 |
| can--a pan-carnivore sine family. | short retroposons or short interspersed elements (sines) constituting 5-10% genome have been isolated from various organisms. can sines initially found in american mink were named after dogs (canis), and the range of their distribution in the genomes of carnivores and mammals in general remained topical. here we demonstrate can sequences in representatives of all carnivore families, but not beyond carnivores, on the basis of sequence bank search and genomic pcr. analysis of their distribution su ... | 2002 | 11773970 |
| hunting practices increase the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves from european russia. | from 1998 to 2000, 184 animals (82 wolves, 29 red foxes, 55 mustelids, 5 raccoon dogs, and 13 domestic dogs), mainly shot by hunters in the tvier and smoliensk regions of northwest european russia, were tested for trichinella larvae; 98 animals (53.3%) were found to be positive. the highest prevalence was detected in wolf (97.5%). trichinella nativa was the most common species detected (98%). the diet of wolves was investigated by examining the stomach contents of 62 animals (75.6% of the total ... | 2001 | 11780851 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi in raccoons from south carolina and georgia. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of american trypanosomiasis or chagas' disease, is of both medical and veterinary importance as is evidenced by chronic phase myocarditis in humans and dogs. further, t. cruzi has been reported from over 20 species of wildlife reservoir hosts in the usa, with raccoons (procyon lotor) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) being the most common. whereas previous studies on t. cruzi in raccoons have included only culture and direct examination of blood, the indi ... | 2002 | 11838232 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. raccoon roundworm encephalitis--chicago, illinois, and los angeles, california, 2000. | | 2002 | 11838448 |
| documenting freedom from disease and re-establishing a free status after a breakdown. rabies. | rabies reappeared in finland in the spring of 1988 after a 29-year absence. this time rabies occurred in sylvatic form and the major species involved was the raccoon dog. during the outbreak 1988-89 66 animals were diagnosed rabid. vaccination of cats, cattle and horses was strongly recommended and vaccination of dogs was compulsory in the outbreak area. a field trial was started on oral immunisation of raccoon dogs and foxes against rabies using baits containing rabies vaccine strain. the outbr ... | 2001 | 11875858 |
| first outbreak of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in japan. | a syndrome of progressive neurological signs was noticed in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) kept in a small wildlife park in mid-july 2000. three out of 12 common raccoons (procyon lotor) kept in this park were infected with baylisascaris procyonis, and the larvae were found from affected rabbits. this outbreak is the first proven b. procyonis larva migrans in japan, and the potential risk of serious zoonosis by this ascarid species should be considered by pet owners, veterinarians, physicians a ... | 2002 | 11880233 |
| remodeling of somotasensory hand representations following cerebral lesions in humans. | there is evidence of reorganization of somatotopic maps following cortical lesions in mammals such as monkeys, raccoons and rats. however, there has been a striking lack of research on somatosensory plasticity following cerebral damage in adult humans. we describe two individuals with left hemisphere damage who misperceive the locations of tactile stimuli whose presence or absence they can readily detect. we find that the mislocalizations preserve the relative topography of pre-lesion experience ... | 2002 | 11893911 |
| predicting the spatial dynamics of rabies epidemics on heterogeneous landscapes. | often as an epidemic spreads, the leading front is irregular, reflecting spatial variation in local transmission rates. we developed a methodology for quantifying spatial variation in rates of disease spread across heterogeneous landscapes. based on data for epidemic raccoon rabies in connecticut, we developed a stochastic spatial model of rabies spread through the state's 169 townships. we quantified spatial variation in transmission rates associated with human demography and key habitat featur ... | 2002 | 11904426 |
| larval fly activity on sunlit versus shaded raccoon carrion in southwestern west virginia with special reference to the black blowfly (diptera: calliphoridae). | larvae of phormia regina (meigen), phaenicia sp., and sarcophaga sp. were identified from raccoon carcasses placed in sunlit and shaded areas at a southwestern west virginia site in may of 2000. samples of larvae were taken from each carcass at 3-h intervals over a 153-h experimental period. phormia regina was clearly the dominant species with large numbers of third instars observed at every 3-h collection period from 81 to 153 h on both carcasses. mean lengths of third-instar p. regina larvae c ... | 2002 | 11931041 |
| prevalence and intensity of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) in otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | a survey was done in an attempt to investigate the epidemiological status of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes and raccoon dogs in otaru city from june to september 1999. sixty-seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and 13 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) were captured, and postmortem examinations were conducted with them. thirty-eight red foxes (56.7%) and 3 raccoon dogs (23.1%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis. the total biomass of e. multilocularis in al ... | 2002 | 11949476 |
| predilection muscles and physical condition of raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis and trichinella nativa. | the predilection muscles of trichinella spiralis and t. nativa were studied in 2 experimental groups of 6 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), the third group serving as a control for clinical signs. the infection dose for both parasites was 1 larva/g body weight. after 12 weeks, the animals were euthanized and 13 sampling sites were analysed by the digestion method. larvae were found in all sampled skeleton muscles of the infected animals, but not in the specimens from the heart or intestin ... | 2001 | 11957372 |
| organization of the ferret lateral cervical nucleus and cervicothalamic tract. | to elucidate the organization of the ferret spinocervicothalamic pathway (sctp), we examined the lateral cervical nucleus (lcn) and the termination of the cervicothalamic tract (cty) in this species. in thionin-stained sections, the ferret lcn appeared as an easily delineated column of cells in the dorsolateral funiculus from about mid-c3 to the rostral end of c1, with most cells located in the c1 and c2 segments. in transverse sections, the lcn was elongated along a dorsolateral to ventromedial ... | 2002 | 11962645 |
| baylisascaris procyonis: an emerging helminthic zoonosis. | baylisascaris procyonis, a roundworm infection of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis, principally affecting young children. raccoons have increasingly become peridomestic animals living in close proximity to human residences. when b. procyonis eggs are ingested by a host other than a raccoon, migration of larvae through tissue, termed larval migrans, ensues. this larval infection can invade the brain and eye, causing severe disease and death. the prevalence of b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 11971766 |
| notoedric mange in two free-ranging north american racoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | mange was diagnosed in two north american racoons (procyon lotor) at kamakura city in kanagawa prefecture, japan. the mites were identified morphologically as notoedres cati. mite infestation affected the skin over the extremities and tail, and was characterized by moderate alopecia and erythematous dermatosis. histopathologically, the affected skin showed marked epidermal hyperplasia and mites located within the parakeratotic stratum corneum. a slight dermal inflammatory response consisting pri ... | 2002 | 11972895 |
| dogs, cats, raccoons, and bats: where is the real risk for rabies? | | 2002 | 11973561 |
| complex structure of b-chromosomes in two mammalian species: apodemus peninsulae (rodentia) and nyctereutes procyonoides (carnivora). | b-chromosomes (bs) of two mammalian species, raccoon dog (nyctereutesprocyonoides, carnivora) and asian wood mouse (apodemus peninsulae, rodentia) were investigated using chromosome segment microdissection and double-colour fish. in the raccoon dog, all b-chromosomes showed homology with each other but not with the a-chromosomes. two segment-specific probes (from proximal and distal parts of b) have been localized in corresponding chromosome parts, with significant variation in their sizes. in a ... | 2002 | 11993931 |
| seasonal weight regulation of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides): interactions between melatonin, leptin, ghrelin, and growth hormone. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, canidae, carnivora) is a middle-sized omnivore with excessive autumnal fattening and winter sleep. we studied seasonal weight regulation of the species by following the plasma leptin, ghrelin, and growth hormone (gh) levels of farm-bred raccoon dogs (n = 32) for 6 months. in august, half of the raccoon dogs received continuous-release melatonin implants, and in november, half of the animals of both the sham-operated and melatonin-treated groups were fas ... | 2002 | 12002162 |
| fatal cerebrospinal disease caused by baylisascaris procyonis in domestic rabbits. | infection with baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons, was found to be the cause of an epizootic of fatal cns disease in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). clinical signs included torticollis, ataxia, tremors, and falling. gross lesions were limited to white, raised nodules (1 to 1.5 mm) on the epicardium, endocardium, and liver serosa, and they were found to be larval granulomas. microscopic lesions included multifocal myocarditis, multifocal hemorrhagic tracks and ass ... | 1983 | 12002587 |
| trichinella nativa and t. spiralis induce distinguishable histopathologic and humoral responses in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | three experimental groups of six male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) each were formed by placing one of three littermates from six litters into each group. one group was inoculated with pig-origin trichinella spiralis, the second was inoculated with raccoon dog-origin t. nativa, and the third served as a control group. the infective dose was 1,000 larvae/kg of body weight. every third week, biopsies from m. triceps brachii were taken, and serum samples were collected for up to 12 weeks ... | 2002 | 12009064 |
| new approaches to the development of live attenuated rabies vaccines. | in the united states, extensive reservoirs of the rabies virus exist in many diverse wild animal species, which continue to pose a serious risk of lethal infection of humans and cause an economic burden exceeding $1 billion annually. previous experience with rabies control in foxes in europe has clearly demonstrated that oral immunization with live vaccines is the only practical approach to eradicate rabies in free-ranging animals. however, unlike europe where vulpine rabies was the only major r ... | 2002 | 12031103 |
| susceptibility of raccoons (procyon lotor) to infection with mycobacterium bovis. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower michigan peninsula (usa). various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (procyon lotor), are infected with m. bovis within the endemic area. to investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of m. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with s ... | 2002 | 12038124 |
| a new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. | research was conducted during 1996-2000 to develop baits for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to raccoons (procyon lotor) and coyotes (canis latrans). a bait was sought that: (1) was attractive to the target species, (2) could be distributed by aircraft, (3) was as effective (or more so) than the currently used fish meal polymer bait, and (4) could be produced in large numbers by automated procedures and could be purchased by user groups at substantially lower cost. ten field trials were conduc ... | 2002 | 12038136 |
| oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons. | raccoons and skunks are major rabies reservoirs in north america. oral vaccination is one method to consider for disease control in these carnivores. under field conditions in the usa, only one oral rabies vaccine has been used. it is efficacious in wildlife such as raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) but not in skunks (mephitis mephitis). the objectives of this study were to evaluate an attenuated sag-2 rabies virus vaccine for safety, immunogenicity, an ... | 2002 | 12038142 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascaridoidea) eggs in raccoon (procyon lotol) latrine scats in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is the common intestinal nematode of the raccoon and is well-recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humans. to develop data on the prevalence of b. procyonis in orange county, california, 800 distinct raccoon latrine sites were sampled in 4 spatial zones from 15 january to 31 december 2000. counts of fecal eggs per gram (epg) were determined and evaluated with reference to spati ... | 2002 | 12053964 |
| associations between trichinella species and host species in finland. | examination of 627 wild animals--raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), european lynxes (lynx lynx), brown bears (ursus arctos), wolves (canis lupus), and badgers (meles meles)--revealed trichinella spp. the prevalence varied according to geographical region of finland (north; southwest, sw; and southeast, se) and was the highest among lynxes (70%, sw). the risk of trichinellosis was higher in the se (odds ratio, or, 19.4) and sw regions (or 14.3), as compared with t ... | 2002 | 12053985 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascarididae) larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is well recognized as a cause of visceral (vlm), ocular, and neural (nlm) larva migrans in birds and mammals, including man. a study of the prevalence of larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife associated with raccoon latrines as well as a retrospective study of wildlife mortalities with neurological disease was conducted in 2000 in orange county, california. eighty-seven birds of 18 species and 64 mammals of 8 species were found to have nlm or vlm or both. nlm clinical si ... | 2002 | 12054001 |
| the pattern of phylogenomic evolution of the canidae. | canidae species fall into two categories with respect to their chromosome composition: those with high numbered largely acrocentric karyotypes and others with a low numbered principally metacentric karyotype. those species with low numbered metacentric karyotypes are derived from multiple independent fusions of chromosome segments found as acrocentric chromosomes in the high numbered species. extensive chromosome homology is apparent among acrocentric chromosome arms within canidae species; howe ... | 2001 | 12063402 |
| morphology of gnathostoma spp. isolated from natural hosts in sinaloa, mexico. | gnathostomosis is an emerging public health problem in sinaloa, mexico, where an increasing number of human cases have been diagnosed since 1989. the present study was carried out to determine the presence of the parasite in other natural hosts from the area. birds, fish, opossums and raccoons were captured from local dams and lagoons. the flesh from bird and fish specimens was ground and examined under a 100 w light bulb. larvae were processed for light and electron microscopy. a total of 368 a ... | 2002 | 12107456 |
| heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog. | a 7-year-old castrated male golden retriever cross was evaluated because of intermittent blood-tinged diarrhea, severe weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy of 2 months' duration; the dog was unresponsive to antimicrobial and standard anthelmintic treatment. results of fecal flotations for parasite ova were negative. alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities and total protein and globulin conentrations were greater than reference ranges. biopsy speci ... | 2002 | 12126129 |
| in vivo labeling of rabbit cholinergic basal forebrain neurons with fluorochromated antibodies. | cholinergic basal forebrain neurons (cbfn) expressing the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75(ntr)) were previously selectively labeled in vivo with carbocyanine 3 (cy3)-tagged anti-p75(ntr), but the applied 192igg-conjugates recognized p75(ntr) only in rat. the antibody me 20.4 raised against human p75(ntr) had been shown to cross-react with the receptor in monkey, raccoon, sheep, cat, dog, pig and rabbit. hence, for in vivo labeling of rabbit cbfn in the present study, me 20.4 was fluo ... | 2002 | 12167760 |
| public health impact of reemergence of rabies, new york. | this report summarizes the spread of a raccoon rabies epizootic into new york in the 1990s, the species of animals affected, and human postexposure treatments (pet). a total of 57,008 specimens were submitted to the state laboratory from 1993 to 1998; 8,858 (16%) animals were confirmed rabid, with raccoons the most common species (75%). after exposure to 11,769 animals, 18,238 (45%) persons received pet, mostly because of contact with saliva or nervous tissue. we analyzed expenditure reports to ... | 2002 | 12194765 |
| dirofilaria repens presenting as a premasseteric nodule. | dirofilariasis is a rare zoonosis that is mainly seen with subcutaneous or pulmonary involvement. natural hosts are dogs, cats, jackals, and raccoons; however, humans can rarely become an accidental host for the parasite. in the reported case, infection manifested as a subcutaneous nodule, representing a significant diagnostic challenge for both the surgeon and the pathologist. a case of a 62-year-old man with a premasseteric soft tissue mass caused by dirofilaria repens is presented with histop ... | 2002 | 12221389 |
| sequence comparison of the dopamine receptor d4 exon iii repetitive region in several species of the order carnivora. | it was previously demonstrated that the dog dopamine receptor d4 (drd4) gene is polymorphic in terms of the repeat number and/or order of 39- and 12-bp sequences located in the third exon. to examine whether or not the repetitive region is present in other species of the order carnivora, the homologous region of drd4 genes were sequenced in the gray wolf, raccoon dog, asiatic black bear, common raccoon and domestic cat. in the family canidae, the wolf had an identical sequence to that of the dog ... | 2002 | 12237526 |
| neural larva migrans caused by the raccoon roundworm baylisascaris procyonis. | baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, is a rare cause of devastating or fatal neural larva migrans in infants and young children. we describe the clinical features of two children from suburban chicago who developed severe, nonfatal b. procyonis neural larva migrans. despite treatment with albendazole and high dose corticosteroids, both patients are neurologically devastated. in many regions of north america, large populations of raccoons with high rates of endemic b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 12394823 |
| amplification of trypanosoma cruzi-specific dna sequences in formalin-fixed raccoon tissues using polymerase chain reaction. | this investigation applied polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using 3 sets of trypanosoma cruzi-specific primers to amplify dna from 31 archived formalin-fixed and fresh-frozen raccoon hearts. pcr successfully amplified t. cruzi-specific sequences, with at least 1 primer set, from multiple sites within the myocardium of formalin-fixed and fresh-frozen raccoon hearts that had previously tested positive using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescent antibody titer in the absen ... | 2002 | 12435142 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to sarcocystis neurona in skunks (mephitis mephitis), raccoons (procyon lotor), and opossums (didelphis virginiana) from connecticut. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is the most important protozoan disease of horses in north america and is usually caused by sarcocystis neurona. natural cases of encephalitis caused by s. neurona have been reported in skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor). opossums (didelphis spp.) are the only known definitive host. sera from 24 striped skunks, 12 raccoons, and 7 opossums (d. virginiana) from connecticut were examined for agglutinating antibodies to s. neurona using the s. ... | 2002 | 12435152 |
| canine 5s rrna: nucleotide sequence and chromosomal assignment of its gene cluster in four canid species. | the purpose of this study was to determine the nucleotide sequence of canine 5s rrna and use this information to develop a molecular probe to assign the gene locus to chromosomes of the dog and three other related canid species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. the nucleotide sequence of canine liver 5s rrna is 120 base pairs long and identical to the 5s rrna nucleotide sequence of all other mammalian species investigated so far. a single 5s rrna gene cluster was localized pericentromeri ... | 2002 | 12438712 |
| use of rapd technique in evolution studies of four species in the family canidae. | the rapd-pcr technique was applied to identify genetic markers able to distinguish between four canid species: the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), red fox (vulpes vulpes), chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and six breeds of the domestic dog (canis familiaris). a total of 29 ten-nucleotide arbitrary primers were screened for their potential use in the differentiation of these species. ten primers amplified rapd profiles that made it possible to distinguish between the inves ... | 2002 | 12441633 |
| survival and immunization of raccoons after exposure to pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus gene-deleted vaccines. | in a controlled experiment, 16 wild-trapped raccoons were exposed to 1 of 2 genetically modified live pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccines used in swine. one vaccine had genes deleted for thymidine kinase (tk(-)) and glycoprotein g (gg(-)); the other had an additional deletion for glycoprotein e (ge(-)). these vaccines were administered orally and intranasally at four dose levels: 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) tcid(50). the 21 days survival rate was 37.5% for the gg(-)tk(-) vaccine; all of the sur ... | 2003 | 12488067 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001. | during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ... | 2002 | 12494966 |
| [epizootic characteristic of rabies today]. | during the 23 year period rabies was registered in the moscow region in 163 cases among foxes, 22 cases among racoon-like dogs, 92 cases among dogs, 54 cases among cats. in 1991-2000 ten cases of rabies were registered among other wild animal other than foxes and raccoon-like dogs (hares, hedge-hogs, polecats, badgers, hamsters, martens, rats). under today conditions the generalized epizootological pattern of rabies is characterized by the vector "natural foci-->anthropurgic foci" with wild and ... | 2002 | 12524995 |
| normal conjunctival flora in the north american opossum (didelphis virginiana) and raccoon (procyon lotor). | we documented the normal conjunctival bacterial flora from 17 opossums (didelphis virginiana) and 10 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in manhattan, kansas (usa) from november 1999 to january 2000. both raccoons and opossums were free of apparent ocular disease. the inferior conjunctival sacs of each animal were swabbed for aerobic bacterial and mycoplasma culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for mycoplasma and chlamydia detection. all conjunctival samples were positive for one or more spe ... | 2002 | 12528457 |
| reproduction of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) after feeding or food deprivation in winter. | the wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, canidae, carnivora) goes through autumn fattening followed by winter sleep. farmed raccoon dogs also exhibit autumn fattening but not winter sleep, as a result of daily feeding and lack of nests. we studied the effects of food deprivation and winter sleep or active winter feeding on the physiology and reproduction of farm-born raccoon dogs. eighty-six animals were put on a 2-month fast in november-december. the fast caused no deleterious effects on ... | 2002 | 12534829 |