| response of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to exposure to myxobolus cerebralis above and below a point source of infectivity in the upper colorado river. | we exposed 9 wk old rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to ambient levels of myxobolus cerebralis infectious stages at 4 sites of suspected differing infectivity in the colorado river. exposure was estimated by periodic filtration of river water at each exposure location. after a 32 d exposure, the fish were held in the colorado river at a common site for over a year. resulting infection was evaluated by the presence of clinical signs (whirling behavior, cranial deformity/exophthalmia, and black t ... | 2002 | 12113302 |
| lipoprotein lipase from rainbow trout differs in several respects from the enzyme in mammals. | previously we found lipase activity with characteristics similar to lipoprotein lipase (lpl) in tissues from rainbow trout [biochim. biophys. acta 1255 (1995) 205], whereas no equivalent to the related hepatic lipase could be found. an equivalent to apolipoprotein cii was also identified and characterized [gene 254 (2000) 189]. we present here the full nucleotide sequence for lpl from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and have investigated some properties of the enzyme. in contrast to what has ... | 2002 | 12119116 |
| brain serotonin and the control of food intake in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): effects of changes in plasma glucose levels. | the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were assessed in two brain regions, hypothalamus and telencephalon, of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) submitted to increases or decreases in plasma glucose levels through different experimental approaches. thus, intraperitoneal glucose treatment (500 mg kg(-1)) increased 5-hydroxytryptamine telencephalic levels. long-term food deprivation up to 3 weeks significantly increased hypothalamic (2 weeks and 3 wee ... | 2002 | 12122466 |
| dietary accumulation and biochemical responses of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126). | juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (initial weights 2-5 g) were exposed to three dietary concentrations (0, 12.4 and 126 ng g(-1), wet weight) of a 14c-labelled 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) for 30 days followed by 160 days of clean food. we assessed bioaccumulation, histology (liver and thyroid) and biochemical responses (liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), liver vitamins (retinoids and tocopherol) and muscle thyroid hormone levels) along with growth and survival. t ... | 2002 | 12127732 |
| early oxidative damage in primary cultured trout hepatocytes: a time course study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the two-step hepatocyte isolation procedure on primary cultured trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes over time. we characterised the possible changes of a variety of some cellular parameters within the first 24-48 h after seeding. we followed the time dependent changes of these parameters during subsequent culture times in order to see if the cells maintained a differentiated status. scanning electron microscopy revealed bleb formation an ... | 2002 | 12127742 |
| the effects of thyroxine or a gnrh analogue on thyroid hormone deiodination in the olfactory epithelium and retina of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | using low (0.5nm) substrate levels we determined the activities of thyroxine (t4) outer-ring deiodination (ord), t4 inner-ring deiodination (t4ird) and 3,5,3(')-triiodothyronine (t3) ird activities in the olfactory epithelium (olf) and retina (ret) of laboratory-held immature 1-year-old rainbow trout and immature 2.5-year-old sockeye salmon. in both species all three deiodination activities were detected in olf and ret. for olf, no particular pathway predominated and activities were similar to t ... | 2002 | 12161202 |
| morphology and life cycle of apatemon hypseleotris species novum from australia including metacercariae viability and excystment. | experimental infection of pigeon squabs and rats with encysted metacercariae from the western carp gudgeon (hypseleotris klunzingeri) showed them to be infected with a new strigeid trematode, apatemon hypseleotris. growth and development of a. hypseleotris in pigeons were significantly higher than in rats. eggs appeared in pigeon faeces within 7-14 days; miracidia hatched within 15-21 days and in the snail lymnaea tomentosa released within 21 days. cercariae experimentally encysted in the leeche ... | 2002 | 12161969 |
| anti-microbial properties of histone h2a from skin secretions of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | skin exudates of rainbow trout contain a potent 13.6 kda anti-microbial protein which, from partial internal amino acid sequencing, peptide mass fingerprinting, matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization ms and amino acid analysis, seems to be histone h2a, acetylated at the n-terminus. the protein, purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatography, exhibits powerful anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the su ... | 2002 | 12164782 |
| detection of traces of tetracyclines from fish with a bioluminescent sensor strain incorporating bacterial luciferase reporter genes. | bioluminescent escherichia coli k-12 strain for the specific detection of the tetracycline family of antimicrobial agents was optimized to work with fish samples. the biosensing strain contains a plasmid incorporating the bacterial luciferase operon of photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the tetracycline responsive element from transposon tn10 (korpela et al. anal. chem. 1998, 70, 4457-4462). the extraction procedure of oxytetracycline from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tissue wa ... | 2002 | 12166964 |
| type i keratin cdnas from the rainbow trout: independent radiation of keratins in fish. | five different type i keratins from a teleost fish, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, have been sequenced by cdna cloning and identified at the protein level by peptide mass mapping using maldi-ms. this showed that the entire range of type i keratins detected biochemically in this fish has now been sequenced. three of the keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype ie), whereas the other two occur in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype is). among the is keratins is an ortho ... | 2002 | 12190989 |
| type ii keratin cdnas from the rainbow trout: implications for keratin evolution. | from a teleost fish, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, we have cloned and sequenced cdnas encoding five different type ii keratins. the corresponding protein spots, as separated by 2d-page of trout cytoskeletal preparations, have been identified by peptide mass mapping using maldi mass spectrometry. three of the sequenced keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype iie), and two in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype iis). the iis keratins are both orthologs of human k8. th ... | 2002 | 12190990 |
| post-cyclic transmission in acanthocephalus tumescens (acanthocephala: echinorhynchidae). | the aim of this study was to investigate the post-cyclic transmission of acanthocephalus tumescens (von linstow, 1896) from galaxias maculatus jenyns to oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). wild g. maculatus naturally infected with a. tumescens were fed to cultured rainbow trout, which were sacrificed at the second, third and fourth weeks post infection. normally attached male and female acanthocephalans were recovered alive from the intestine of rainbow trout. parasites survive at least four weeks po ... | 2002 | 12194485 |
| analysis of two igm isotypes in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) possesses two distinct subpopulations of polymeric igm which are separable by anion exchange chromatography. consistent with this finding there are two isotypic igm heavy chain genes, cmua and cmub, in the genome of this species, presumably as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. in the present study it was shown that igm of brown trout (salmo trutta) is also separated into two subpopulations by anion exchange chromatography, while igm of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus m ... | 2002 | 12220889 |
| temperature and ca(2+)-dependence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase in haddock, salmon, rainbow trout and zebra cichlid. | temperature dependence of ca(2+)-atpase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) in rabbit muscle has been widely studied, and it is generally accepted that a break point in arrhenius plot exist at approximately 20 degrees c. whether the break point arises as a result of temperature dependent changes in the enzyme or its membrane lipid environment is still a matter of discussion. in this study we compared the temperature dependence and ca(2+)-dependence of sr ca(2+)-atpase in haddock (melanogrammus ... | 2002 | 12223210 |
| occurrence of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on farms in croatia. | during the spring of 1996 and autumn of 1997 unusual mortality outbreaks among rainbow trout fry and yearlings occurred at two different trout farms, resulting in mortality of 20 and 10 per cent, respectively. generally, the affected fish, swimming at the water surface, were reluctant to eat and were dark pigmented with visible haemorrhages around and within the oral cavity. bacterial isolates from moribund fish from both cases were identified as yersinia ruckeri by standard biochemical tests an ... | 2002 | 12237969 |
| an aeromonas salmonicida type iv pilin is required for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida expresses a large number of proven and suspected virulence factors including bacterial surface proteins, extracellular degradative enzymes, and toxins. we report the isolation and characterization of a 4-gene cluster, tapabcd, from virulent a. salmonicida a450 that encodes proteins homologous to components required for type iv pilus biogenesis. one gene, tapa, encodes a protein with high homology to type iv pilus subunit proteins from many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, ... | 2002 | 12240967 |
| quantification of the wake of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using three-dimensional stereoscopic digital particle image velocimetry. | although considerable progress has been made within the last decade in experimental hydrodynamic analyses of aquatic locomotion using two-dimensional digital particle image velocimetry (two-dimensional dpiv), data have been limited to simultaneous calculation of two out of the three flow velocity variables: downstream (u), vertical (v) and lateral (w). here, we present the first biological application of stereo-dpiv, an engineering technique that allows simultaneous calculation of u, v and w vel ... | 2002 | 12324537 |
| the induction of an atp-sensitive k(+) current in cardiac myocytes of air- and water-breathing vertebrates. | opening of atp-sensitive potassium channels (k(atp)) is an effective cardioprotective mechanism in mammals. the amplitude of the atp-sensitive k(+) current (i(k,atp)) and the opening sensitivity of k(atp) channels are, however, poorly known in ectotherms. as o(2)-sensing mechanisms and reactions to o(2) deficiency differ in aquatic and terrestrial animals, we hypothesised that the response of k(atp) channels to metabolic inhibition would be different between air- and water-breathers. we therefor ... | 2002 | 12355176 |
| bacteriolytic activity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) complement. | the total bacteriolytic activity comprising of the classical, alternative and possible lectine pathways as well as the bacteriolytic activity of the alternative pathway (ap) of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) complement was assessed in temperatures ranging from 0 to 35 degrees c against a recombinant strain escherichia coli containing two reporter genes gfp and lucff. at 35 degrees c there was no difference between the total (tc) activity and the activity of the ap, but at 10 degrees c the t ... | 2002 | 12377219 |
| recombinant interleukin-1 beta activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the present study provides the first direct evidence that implicates fish cytokines as the effector molecules by which the immune system signals the neuroendocrine system and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal stress axis. i.p. injections of trout recombinant interleukin-1 beta (ril-1 beta) or e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps), at concentrations known to induce immune/inflammatory responses in vivo (0.1-0.6 nmol/kg and 1.3 mg/kg respectively), significantly elevated plasma cortisol l ... | 2002 | 12379511 |
| study of the tail fin rays of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis. | a light, transmission and scanning microscope study of the rays (lepidotrichia) forming the tail fin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis showed that triactinomyxon adherence to the tail fin of host fingerlings occurred 10 min after infection. after 2 h of exposure, it was possible to observe triactinomyxon spores in the epidermis. although the characteristic symptoms of the disease, such as a black tail and a change in tail morpholog ... | 2002 | 12408363 |
| differential expression of the two gh genes during embryonic development of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in relation with the igfs system. | the growth hormone (gh)/insulin-like growth factor (igf) system promotes embryonic growth in higher vertebrates. such a system exists in salmonids, but exhibits an additional level of complexity resulting from a recent whole genome tetraploidisation. thus, two nonallelic gh genes are present in the trout genome. although the two gh genes are similar, the possibility remains that the two genes have evolved separately, acquiring a distinct expression pattern. in this study, using whole mounted in ... | 2003 | 12420297 |
| functional properties of a rainbow trout cyp3a27 expressed by recombinant baculovirus in insect cells. | cytochrome p450 3a27 (cyp3a27) is highly expressed in liver and intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in many animal species, the intestine and liver are responsible for the first-pass metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics. to help determine its physiological role, the catalytic capabilities of cyp3a27 protein were examined. an open reading frame of cyp3a27 in pfastbac donor plasmid was transferred to the baculovirus genome (bacmid dna) through tn7 site-specific transposition in ... | 2002 | 12433811 |
| cloning and characterization of cdna clones encoding cd9 from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in comparison to mammals, relatively few of the molecules involved in teleost immune responses have been isolated and characterized. a rapid method of isolating molecules important for immune function is subtractive hybridization. one such experiment using infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus-infected atlantic salmon produced several cdna clones with similarity to mammalian immune-specific genes, including granzyme m (accession no. af434669) and cd9. after cloning the rainbow trout version of ... | 2002 | 12439625 |
| volumetric and ionic responses of goldfish hepatocytes to anisotonic exposure and energetic limitation. | the relationship between cell volume and k(+) transmembrane fluxes of goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocytes exposed to anisotonic conditions or energetic limitation was studied and compared with the response of hepatocytes from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat (rattus rattus). cell volume was studied by video- and fluorescence microscopy, while k(+) fluxes were assessed by measuring unidirectional (86)rb(+) fluxes. in trout and rat hepatocytes, hyposmotic (180 mosmoll(-1)) exposure at ph 7 ... | 2003 | 12502772 |
| a cxc chemokine sequence isolated from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss resembles the closely related interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines cxcl9, cxcl10 and cxcl11. | a sequence encoding a cxc - type chemokine from rainbow trout was found to most resemble members of the cxcl9/cxcl10/cxcl11 sub-family. in mammals, all 3 chemokines are regulated by ifn-gamma and are chemotactic for activated t lymphocytes. the trout chemokine (gammaip1), with a message of 787 nucleotides, contains 100 amino acids in a typical non-elr cxc chemokine arrangement. a second sequence (gammaip2), with 6 nucleotide differences in the coding region when compared to the first, was also i ... | 2002 | 12517732 |
| chromosome mapping of mhc class i in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is well-studied in mammals. much research has addressed the genomic organisation of mhc genes and it is well established that human mhc class i genes are located on chromosome 6. however, information on the organisation of the mhc complex in rainbow trout is only beginning to become available. in the present study it was determined that rainbow trout mhc class i sequences are located on chromosome 18. this is the first reported use of fluorescence in si ... | 2003 | 12526880 |
| the promoter of the classical mhc class i locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in rainbow trout only a single classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i locus has been identified. in previous studies it was shown that this locus, onmy-uba, is characterised by extensive polymorphism and ubiquitous expression. in the present study the sequence of the promoter region of onmy-uba was analysed. within this region several fragments for transcription regulation could be detected, including interferon-sensitive enhancer elements. the promoter region is very similar t ... | 2003 | 12526881 |
| voltage-gated ca2+ channel ca(v)1.3 subunit expressed in the hair cell epithelium of the sacculus of the trout oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and comparison across vertebrate classes. | full-length sequence (>6.5 kb) has been determined for the ca(v)1.3 pore-forming subunit of the voltage-gated ca(2+) channel from the saccular hair cells of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). primary structure was obtained from overlapping pcr and cloned fragments, amplified by primers based on teleost, avian, and mammalian sources. trout saccular ca(v)1.3 was localized to hair cells, as evidenced by its isolation from an epithelial layer in which the hair cell is the only intact cell type ... | 2002 | 12531517 |
| occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish-farming environments. | occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish farms and fish-farming environments was studied using agar plate cultivation, the immunoflourescence antibody technique (ifat) and nested pcr. characteristics of 64 f. psychrophilum isolates from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, fish farm rearing water, ovarian fluid and wild fish were serotyped, ribotyped and compared biochemically. virulence of f. psychrophilum isolates from different sources was compared by injection into rainbow trout. add ... | 2002 | 12542087 |
| cloning and expression analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss interferon regulatory factor 1 and 2 (irf-1 and irf-2). | two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) genes for interferon regulatory factors (irf) 1 and 2 have been cloned and sequenced. the irf-1 cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 996 nucleotides that translates into a 331 amino-acid putative peptide, with a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 145bp and a 3' utr of 481bp. the irf-2 cdna contains a 1035bp orf that translates into a 344 amino-acid putative peptide, with a 5' utr of 146bp and a 3' utr of 925bp. in vivo, irf-1 and irf-2 are constitutiv ... | 2003 | 12543125 |
| cloning, sequence and variability analysis of expressed immunoglobulin light chain genes from yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata. | the cdna clones encoding immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain variable (v) region associated with constant (c) region were isolated from yellowtail (seriola quinqueradiata) kidney by expressed sequence tag analysis (accession numbers: ab062619-ab062668, ab064322). the sequences of both vl and cl region contain well-conserved cysteine residues important for intra- and inter-domain interaction in mammals. comparisons of the amino acid sequence of the cl domain with those of other species showed a h ... | 2003 | 12547626 |
| influence of storage temperature on infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus detection by cell culture isolation and rt-pcr methods. | the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in infected rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and in cell culture supernatants stored under different conditions was studied. ihnv-positive fish visceral organ homogenates and cell culture supernatants were incubated at 4 and 25 degrees c. virus titre was measured by virus isolation on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells and the ihnv rna was detected by rt-pcr and semi-nested rt-pcr. the influence of repeated freezing and thaw ... | 2002 | 12553445 |
| comparative genome analysis of the primary sex-determining locus in salmonid fishes. | we compared the y-chromosome linkage maps for four salmonid species (arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus; atlantic salmon, salmo salar; brown trout, salmo trutta; and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and a putative y-linked marker from lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). these species represent the three major genera within the subfamily salmoninae of the salmonidae. the data clearly demonstrate that different y-chromosomes have evolved in each of the species. arrangements of markers proximal to ... | 2003 | 12566405 |
| cytological and biochemical effects of a mixture of 20 pollutants on isolated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to different concentrations (1x, 10x, 50x) of a complex mixture of 20 environmentally relevant contaminants (pahs, pcbs, pesticides) typical of the chemical burden of surface waters and sediments of small rivers in southwest germany to investigate sublethal cytological and biochemical alterations. results document that all concentrations clearly induced biochemical and morphological changes. the activities of enzymes such a ... | 2002 | 12568467 |
| molecular cloning of the beta subunit of complement component eight of rainbow trout. | complement-mediated killing of pathogens through the lytic pathway is an important effector mechanism of the innate immune response. c8 is one of the components of the lytic pathway and is composed of an alpha, beta, and gamma subunit. in the present study we report the cloning and characterization of the primary structure of the c8beta subunit in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the deduced amino acid sequence of trout c8beta shows 72 and 47% identity with that of japanese flounder and ... | 2003 | 12590968 |
| antigen recognition by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of whole cell proteins expressed by lactococcus garvieae when obtained directly from fish and under iron limited culture conditions. | infection by lactococcus garvieae has become a widely recognised problem associated with intensively cultured fish. long-term control of fish infections may be possible by vaccination providing a suitable and efficacious epitope is expressed during production of cells used for vaccine preparation. the identification of novel vaccine candidates must, therefore, consider how the host species recognises and responds to bacterial cell components. l. garvieae was cultured in iron deficient, limited a ... | 2003 | 12591207 |
| an in vivo microdialysis method for the qualitative analysis of hepatic phase i metabolites of phenol in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | development of reliable and accurate methodologies for determination of xenobiotic hepatic biotransformation rate and capacity parameters is important to the derivation of precise physiologically-based toxicokinetic (pb-tk) models. biotransformation data incorporated into pb-tk models has, for the most part, depended on in vitro techniques designed to mimic the in vivo environment; however, data from direct in vitro/in vivo comparisons is limited. in this investigation we describe for the first ... | 2003 | 12595173 |
| the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tumor model: recent applications in low-dose exposures to tumor initiators and promoters. | the rainbow trout has been utilized as a model for human carcinogenesis for a number of years. trout are relatively inexpensive to maintain and exhibit (over the 9-12-month tumor assay period) very low spontaneous tumor backgrounds. one of the most powerful applications of this model is the design and conduct of large-scale tumor studies requiring thousands of animals that address statistically challenging questions of dose-response. two recent examples of such applications include our studies o ... | 2003 | 12597433 |
| trickle and single infection with discocotyle sagittata (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea): effect of exposure mode on parasite abundance and development. | experimental infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) with the monogenean discocotyle sagittata (leuckart, 1842) allowed comparison between trickle and single exposure, two infection modes demonstrated to occur in the wild. both types of infection resulted in mean larval attachment success around 50%, which was significantly dependent on dose of infective larvae used (p < 0.0001), but was not affected by mode of infection (p = 0.244). worms recovered from fish exposed to the same ... | 2002 | 12641200 |
| cloning, tissue distribution, and functional studies of a new cytochrome p450 3a subfamily member, cyp3a45, from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal ceca. | in trout and mammals, the major extrahepatic expression site for cyp3a forms is in the intestine. a cdna encoding a new cyp3a subfamily member was isolated from rainbow trout intestinal ceca by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), followed by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race)-pcr. in a set of two primers for pcr, a consensus sequence in the highly conserved regions in 17 cyp3a sequences was used for one primer, and the second primer was designed based on adapter sequen ... | 2003 | 12646270 |
| physical and chemical effects on viability of the myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxon. | various chemical and physical methods for destroying the triactinomyxon (tam) stage of the myxozoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis were tested. the fluorescent stains propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate were used as indicators of viability. physical variables tested included freezing, drying, high temperature, sonication, and pressure of 6.2 x 10(7) pa (9000 psi). chemicals evaluated included chlorine bleach, povidone-iodine, and hydrogen peroxide. freezing or drying for 1 h was effective ... | 2003 | 12650246 |
| potencies of estrogenic compounds in in vitro screening assays and in life cycle tests with zebrafish in vivo. | the objective of this study was to compare the estrogenic potency of environmental estrogens at two testing tiers: at the initial level of in vitro screening assays, and at the level of definitive fish reproduction tests in vivo. the in vitro tests included a recombinant yeast estrogen receptor (er) assay, a competitive radioreceptor assay using the hepatic er of carp (cyprinus carpio), and assays on vitellogenin induction in cultured hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp. ... | 2003 | 12651187 |
| bacterial kidney disease as a model for studies of cell mediated immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a cell mediated immune (cmi) response was measured in vitro to heat-killed and to paraformaldehyde fixed renibacterium salmoninarum (rs) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally challenged with live rs. the mitogenic response to the t lymphocyte mitogen concanavalin a (con a) was reduced during samplings 4 to 6 weeks after immersion, but no effect of the response to the b lymphocyte mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps) was detected. the subpopulation of lymphocytes, detected by the mono ... | 2003 | 12657537 |
| patterns of fish species richness in rivers of the central region of argentina. | we analyzed the variation of fish species richness and trophic structure along an upstream-downstream gradient and identified the factors associated with the pattern observed. the fish community composition varied along a headwater-downstream gradient. species richness and trophic structure decreased significantly with increasing altitude and increased with stream order and distance from source. headwater communities showed a simple structure. oncorhynchus mykiss was the only fish captured or no ... | 2003 | 12659026 |
| ca2+-recruitment in tachykinin-induced contractions of gut smooth muscle from african clawed frog, xenopus laevis and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | changes in intracellular ca(2+) concentration control many essential cellular functions like the contraction of smooth muscle cells. the aim of this study was to investigate if the tachykinin substance p (sp) engages external ca(2+)-sources, internal ca(2+)-sources, or both in the contraction of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). strip preparations made of either longitudinal smooth muscle of proximal intestine ... | 2003 | 12679095 |
| quality assessment of bed sediments of the po river (italy). | comprehensive and contemporary evaluations of physical, chemical and toxicological endpoints have been performed on bed sediments of the po river, the major italian watercourse. two extensive sampling campaigns were conducted in summer and winter low-flow conditions. composite sediment samples were collected from ten reaches of the main river: the first was located in the upper region (ambient control), and the others downstream of the confluences of nine principal tributaries. the two sampling ... | 2003 | 12688684 |
| hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic amp-gated, hcn1-like cation channel: the primary, full-length hcn isoform expressed in a saccular hair-cell layer. | the expression of transcript for hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive cation channel (hcn) isoforms underlying hyperpolarization-activated, inward current (i(h)) has been determined for a model hair-cell preparation from the saccule of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. based upon identification from homology to known vertebrate hcn cdna sequence, cloning of pcr products amplified with degenerate primers indicated an expression frequency of 7:2:1 (hcn1:hcn2:hcn4) for the ... | 2003 | 12699787 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sigm- leucocytes secrete an interleukin-2 like growth factor after mitogenic stimulation in vitro. | two secreted proteins were detected in culture supernatants of pha or pma stimulated, immunomagnetically separated, sigm(-) leucocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with 60kda and with 12-15kda (multiple bands). so called conditioned media (cm), containing these proteins, induced significant activation of blood and head kidney leucocytes. immunomagnetically separated, naive as well as pha activated sigm(-) t lymphocytes and lps prestimulated sigm(+) b lymphocytes could be identified to ... | 2003 | 12711277 |
| haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (hss) in norway: pathology and associated virus-like particles. | atlantic salmon salmo salar pre-smolt, smolt and post-smolt, with clinical signs of haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (hss) have been found in several locations along the norwegian coast (rogaland to troms). affected fish had pale gills and bleeding at the fin bases, but seemed to be in good physical condition with no obvious weight loss. the internal organs and body cavity showed distinct bleedings. petechiae were found on the gastrointestinal tract, swim bladder and peritoneum, visceral adipose tiss ... | 2003 | 12718466 |
| cloning, pharmacology, and distribution of the neuropeptide y-receptor yb in rainbow trout. | this work describes the isolation and pharmacological characterization of a neuropeptide y (npy) receptor from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the receptor exhibits approximately 45% amino acid sequence identity to mammalian y1-subfamily receptors, y1, y4 and y6, a similar degree of identity as these subtypes display to one another. because it displays highest sequence identity to zebrafish yb (75%), we named it the trout yb receptor. the receptor exhibits high binding affinity for zebrafis ... | 2003 | 12732336 |
| fish status survey of nordic lakes: effects of acidification, eutrophication and stocking activity on present fish species composition. | the status of fish populations in 3821 lakes in norway, sweden and finland was assessed in 1995-1997. the survey lakes were chosen by stratified random sampling from all (126 482) fennoscandian lakes > or = 0.04 km2. the water chemistry of the lakes was analyzed and information on fish status was obtained by a postal inquiry. fish population losses were most frequent in the most highly acidified region of southern norway and least common in eastern fennoscandia. according to the inquiry results, ... | 2003 | 12733793 |
| component population study of acanthocephalus tumescens (acanthocephala) in fishes from lake moreno, argentina. | seasonal samples of all fish species from lake moreno were taken in order to determine the presence of paratenia, to evaluate the status of the hosts and to characterise the transmission of acanthocephalus tumescens (von linstow, 1896) at the component population level. prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity, numbers of gravid females, relative abundance of the different fish species, relative output of eggs and relative flow rates for each host species were computed. acanthocephalus tumesce ... | 2003 | 12735727 |
| recovery of a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | cultures of a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (erm), were recovered in england from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), which had been previously vaccinated with a commercial erm vaccine. the bacterial isolates were confirmed as y. ruckeri by the results of sequencing the 16s rrna, but differed from the characteristics of the taxon by positivity for the voges proskauer reaction and a general lack of motility, and could not be equated with ... | 2003 | 12747420 |
| cloning and tissue distribution of a carnitine palmitoyltransferase i gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the carnitine palmitoyltransferase i (ec.2.3.1.21; cpt i) mediates the transport of fatty acids across the outer mitochondrial membrane. in mammals, there are two different proteins cpt i in the skeletal muscle (m) and liver (l) encoded by two genes. the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system of lower vertebrates received little attention. with the aim of improving knowledge on the cpt family in fish, we examined cpt i cdna and cpt activity in different tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus myki ... | 2003 | 12781981 |
| flow cytometric analysis of the neutrophil respiratory burst of ayu, plecoglossus altivelis: comparison with other fresh water fish. | neutrophils of vertebrates undergo respiratory burst activity (rba) as a defense mechanism against bacterial infections. we report here that ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) have unusually high rbas even when they are in a healthy condition. kidney and blood leukocytes were obtained from ayu, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio), eel (anguilla japonica), and pond smelt (hypomesus nipponensis). neutrophil rba was measured by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine after stimulati ... | 2003 | 12787685 |
| effects of anesthesia (tricaine methanesulfonate, ms222) on liver biotransformation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (ms222) on rainbow trout liver biotransformation rates was investigated with a microsomal model; an in vitro preparation that can be employed with or without the use of an anaesthetic. two experimental sets of rainbow trout microsomes were tested; one representing in vivo or surgical tricaine exposures and the other representing in vitro tissue/organ collection tricaine exposures. microsomal incubations were performed on these two experimental groups with ... | 2003 | 12799110 |
| combined in situ and in vitro assessment of the estrogenic activity of sewage and surface water samples. | in order to investigate the estrogenic activities of two municipal sewage treatment plant (stp; sites a and b) effluents and of rhine water sampled at worms (site c; rhine-neckar triangle, germany), data from in situ experiments measuring hepatic vitellogenin expression from caged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were compared with data from in vitro bioassays (yeast estrogen screen [yes], er luciferase assay with hek 293 cells [hek], primary rainbow trout hepatocytes [ph]) and chemical analy ... | 2003 | 12805642 |
| sequestration of phosphorus by acid mine drainage floc. | solubilization and transport of phosphorus (p) to the water environment is a critical environmental issue. flocs resulting from neutralizing acid mine drainage (amd) were tested as a possible low-cost amendment to reduce the loss of soluble p from agricultural fields and animal wastewater. flocs were prepared by neutralizing natural and synthetic solutions of amd with limestone, lime, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. phosphorus sequestration was tested in three distinct environments: wa ... | 2003 | 12809314 |
| the effect of intraperitoneally administered recombinant il-1beta on immune parameters and resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the present work provides the first information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of trout recombinant interleukin-1 beta (ril-1beta) in vivo. the predicted rainbow trout mature il-1beta peptide was produced as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli. optimal migration of peritoneal leucocytes and ril-1beta induced phagocytosis occurred following intraperitoneal injection of 1 microg of the recombinant protein. moreover, systemic il-1beta, cox-2 and lysozyme ii gene expression was enha ... | 2003 | 12818637 |
| functional characterisation of the recombinant tumor necrosis factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a key mediator in regulating the inflammatory response. previously two tnf genes have been cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. in this study, the mature peptides of the two tnf molecules were produced in bacteria, purified under native conditions and their bioactivities evaluated in vitro. both trout rtnf1 and rtnf2 induced gene expression of a number of proinflammatory factors including il1beta, tnf1, tnf2, il8 and cox2 in freshly isolate ... | 2003 | 12818638 |
| regeneration of ultraviolet-sensitive cones in the retinal cone mosaic of thyroxin-challenged post-juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | previous studies in our laboratory have examined the loss of ultraviolet-sensitive (uvs) cones and uv sensitivity. this study looks at the question of regeneration of uvs cones and its topographic distribution, along with several other measures of the cone mosaic. topography of the cone mosaic in rainbow trout smolts (post-metamorphic juveniles) was examined under normal growth conditions and during an exogenous thyroid hormone (th) challenge. growth of trout retina was studied over six weeks. r ... | 2003 | 12819272 |
| daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout. | ionic and organic parameters of the otolith calcification process in the trout oncorhynchus mykiss were analysed in plasma and endolymph over the day:night cycle. plasma ph remained constant and total co(2) concentration was significantly lower (by 21%) during the day than at night. calcifying parameters (total co(2), total calcium concentration) were measured in the proximal and distal endolymphs and were unchanged in the latter during the day:night cycle, but fluctuated in the former. non-coll ... | 2003 | 12819274 |
| gyrodactylus derjavini infection elicits il-1beta expression in rainbow trout skin. | specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1beta and the type ii il-1beta receptor (il-1rii, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975. cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitative rt-pcr technique. generally, low levels of specific il-1beta1, il-1beta2 and il-1rii gene transcription w ... | 2003 | 12834615 |
| a new putative g-protein coupled receptor gene associated with the immune system of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a putative g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr) gene belonging to the rhodopsin-like family was detected in rainbow trout and designated lpsenhr-1. only moderate homology (<35%) was present with known gpcrs. semi-quantitative rt-pcr indicated that the gene was expressed predominantly in lymphoid tissues, with highest expression associated with cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. expression was strongly up-regulated by injection with lps but not by infection with infectious haematopoietic necr ... | 2003 | 12834616 |
| group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate the vulnerability to hypoxic brain damage. | we examined the expression of metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors in species of fish that differ for their vulnerability to anoxic brain damage. although expression of mglu1a and mglu5 receptors was similar in the brain of all species examined, expression of mglu2/3 receptors was substantially higher in the brain of anoxia-tolerant species (i.e., the carp carassius carassius and the goldfish carassius auratus) than in the brain of species that are highly vulnerable to anoxic damage, such as ... | 2003 | 12853420 |
| effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and a substrate, l-arginine, on the cardiac function of juvenile salmonid fish. | control of cardiac function was investigated juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) using inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (nos), (l-name, ng-nitro-l-arginine and l-nmma, ng-monomethyl-l-arginine) and a substrate of nos (l-arginine). salmonid alevins are excellent models for such studies since they are transparent, the beating heart is easily observed, diffusing distances are small, and they respond within a few seconds to exogenously administer ... | 2003 | 12860052 |
| effects of microcystis cells, cell extracts and lipopolysaccharide on drinking and liver function in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | liver mass (hepatosomatic index, hsi) increased by approximately 18% and water content in the gut by approximately 13 ml kg(-1) in freshwater rainbow trout exposed for 24 h to intact cells of a microcystin-producing cyanobacterium (microcystis pcc 7813) together with administration of heterotrophic bacterial lps. exposure to broken (ultrasonicated) cyanobacterial cells together with administration of bacterial lps increased hsi by approximately 50% and water content in the gut by almost 30 ml kg ... | 2003 | 12878412 |
| effect of temperature on gene expression of the gh/igf system during embryonic development in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in fish, the gh/igf system installs very early during development suggesting that this system could promote embryonic growth and development. in contrast to mammals, the embryonic growth rate of poikilotherms depends considerably on the incubation temperature. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if variations of embryo growth in response to temperature could be associated with modifications in the gene expression of the gh/igf system. in this study, using whole mount in situ hybrid ... | 2003 | 12884275 |
| efficacy of selected oral chemotherapeutants against ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora: ophyroglenidae) infecting rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 6 in-feed compounds against ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 was assessed using experimental infections of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) fingerlings. trial doses of 104 ppm amprolium hydrochloride or 65 ppm clopidol fed to fish for 10 d prior to infection significantly reduced the number of trophonts establishing in trout fingerlings by 62.0 and 35.2% respectively. in-feed treatments of infected trout with either 63 or 75 ppm amprolium hyd ... | 2003 | 12887250 |
| immunization of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss against discocotyle sagiffata (monogenea). | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were injected intraperitoneally with 2 different discocotyle sagittata extracts dissolved in pbs and subsequently exposed to controlled infection. immunization resulted in significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) worm intensities in > 50% of vaccinated fish (response arbitrarily defined as parasite burdens < mean control intensity - 1 sd), irrespective of the immunization regime (different parasite extracts, dosing and application schedules) employed. the protective e ... | 2003 | 12887251 |
| susceptibility of two strains of rainbow trout (one with suspected resistance to whirling disease) to myxobolus cerebralis infection. | the susceptibility of 2 strains of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, 1 from north america (tl) and 1 from germany (gr), to myxobolus cerebralis (the cause of salmonid whirling disease) was assessed following exposure to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). two laboratory experiments were conducted with age-matched rainbow trout of each strain. at the beginning of the study, the 2 trout strains were aged ca. 570 degree-days in expt 1, and ca. 999 degree-days in expt 2. in both experiments, r ... | 2003 | 12887253 |
| sub-lethal plasma ammonia accumulation and the exercise performance of salmonids. | the proposal that plasma ammonia accumulation might impair the swimming performance of fish was first made over a decade ago, and has now proven to be the case for a number of salmonid species. the first experimental evidence was indirect, when a negative linear relationship between plasma ammonia concentrations and maximum sustainable swimming speed (u(crit)) was found following the exposure of brown trout (salmo trutta) to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in soft acidic water. since then, n ... | 2003 | 12890542 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| virulence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus coinfection in rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ihnv glycoprotein gene. | the outcomes of a coinfection of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) strain s46 and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) strain s46 was determined after waterborne infection. trout infected with the ihnv/ipnv.s46 sample, (a mixed sample containing equal infectious titers of the viruses) showed 50% less mortality than fish infected with either of the reference viruses alone. forty-five days after the coinfection, ipnv antigens were detec ... | 2003 | 12898328 |
| some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. | immunostimulant effects of the dietary intake of various medicinal plant extracts on fish, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were investigated. for this purpose fish were fed with diets containing aqueous extracts of mistletoe (viscum album), nettle (urtica dioica), and ginger (zingiber officinale). food containing lyophilized extracts of these plants as 0.1 and 1% was used at a rate of 2% of body weight per day for three weeks. at the end of the experimental period, various parameters of non ... | 2003 | 12902058 |
| nanoinjection as a tool to mimic vertical transmission of flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | newly fertilised eggs of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were nanoinjected with flavobacterium psychrophilum in order to mimic vertical transmission. two bacterial isolates with different elastin-degrading capacity were used. all infected groups (10, 100 and 1000 colony forming units egg(-1)) showed significantly higher cumulative mortalities than the control groups at the end of the experiment, 70 d post-hatching. the total mortalities in the control groups were below 2.5%. in the high-dose g ... | 2003 | 12911056 |
| adhesion of high and low virulence flavobacterium psychrophilum strains to isolated gill arches of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the ability of flavobacterium psychrophilum to adhere to the gill tissue of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was evaluated. a gill perfusion model was adopted, offering a number of advantages compared to other in vitro as well as in vivo models. a comparison between the adhesion capacity of a high and low virulence f. psychrophilum strain was made. experiments were additionally carried out to assess the influence of water quality (organic material, nitrite) and temperature on the adhesion proce ... | 2003 | 12911057 |
| evidence for two distinct functional glucocorticoid receptors in teleost fish. | using rt-pcr with degenerated primers followed by screening of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal cdna library, we have isolated from the rainbow trout a new corticosteroid receptor which shows high sequence homology with other glucocorticoid receptors (grs), but is clearly different from the previous trout gr (named rtgr1). phylogenetic analysis of these two sequences and other grs known in mammals, amphibians and fishes indicate that the gr duplication is probably common to most ... | 2003 | 12914532 |
| passive immunization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), causes high mortality in cultured salmonids. the present study was designed to determine the role antibody plays in conferring protection to rainbow trout fry, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by passive immunization with convalescent serum or serum from adult rainbow trout immunized with f. psychrophilum, and goat anti-f. psychrophilum serum. in each experiment, rainbow tr ... | 2003 | 12946006 |
| variations in plasma melatonin levels of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) under various light and temperature conditions. | daily variations in plasma melatonin levels in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were studied under various light and temperature conditions. plasma melatonin levels were higher at mid-dark than those at mid-light under light-dark (ld) cycles. an acute exposure to darkness (2 hr) during the light phase significantly elevated the plasma melatonin to the level that is comparable with those at mid-dark, while an acute exposure to a light pulse (2 hr) during the dark phase significantly suppress ... | 2003 | 12951408 |
| [stress produced by contaminated sediments with nickel in a pond with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (pisces: salmonidae)]. | previous studies indicated the presence of high concentrations of nickel in the "el truchón" ponds (in méxico), so it was necessary to find a possible correlation between sediment physicochemical properties of this water body and the damage that could be produced on the rainbow trout which culture is done in a rustic reservoir. the study was initiated with the determination of the physicochemical properties of the trout farm sediments, which are; granular composition, total nitrogen percentage, ... | 2002 | 12956103 |
| toxicity and chemistry of aspen wood leachate to aquatic life: field study. | a dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) cut in winter for pulp or structural lumber. we measured production of leachate from 18 m3 of harvestable aspen logs stacked in an open field near dawson creek, british columbia, canada. the logpile began producing leachate during the first winter thaw and continued to do so for the duration of the two-year study (mean, 250 l/collection). aspen leachate was characterized by dark color, acidi ... | 2003 | 12959530 |
| use of dead probiotic cells to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | | 2003 | 12962213 |
| the effectiveness of adenoviral vectors to deliver and express genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the efficacy of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into fish cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was evaluated. vectors utilized were of human adenovirus serotype 5 (ad), which are commonly used in human clinical trials, but have not been assessed for gene delivery to fish. because nothing is known about ad receptors in fish, both an ad (ad5luc1) with natural tropism for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (car), as well as an infectivity enhanced ad (ad5lucrgd) were included within this study ... | 2003 | 12962217 |
| immune responses against yersinia ruckeri have no effect on colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by gyrodactylus derjavini (mikailov, 1975). | | 2003 | 12962227 |
| uptake of waterborne tributyltin in the brain of fish: axonal transport as a proposed mechanism. | in previous studies, it was shown that waterborne hg(ii), cd(ii), and mn(ii) enter nerves innervating water-exposed sensory organs of fish and are transported to the brain by axonal transport. however, it is not known if organometals, such as tributyltin (tbt), can reach the brain of fish via the same route. in this work, we exposed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to waterborne [113sn]-tbt (4.2 kbq/l). three fish were sampled after a 2-week exposure, and three others were sampled after a 2-w ... | 2003 | 12966973 |
| clinical and pathological observations on streptococcus sp. infection on south african trout farms with gas supersaturated water supplies. | infection with a faecal streptococcus species belonging to lancefield group d has been a major cause of mortalities on certain trout farms on the escarpment of the mpumalanga province in the republic of south africa. evidence is given of a connection between subclinical gas bubble disease and infection with this organism in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the condition causes serious losses during the summer months when water temperatures rise above 18 degrees c. the larger table-size fish a ... | 2003 | 12967170 |
| palmitate movement across red and white muscle membranes of rainbow trout. | we examined the movement of [3h]palmitate across giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from red and white muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). red and white muscle fatty acid carriers have similar affinities for palmitate (apparent km = 26 +/- 6 and 33 +/- 8 nm, respectively); however, red muscle has a higher maximal uptake compared with white muscle (vmax = 476 +/- 41 vs. 229 +/- 23 pmol.mg protein-1.s-1, respectively). phloretin (250 microm) inhibited palmitate influx in red and white ... | 2004 | 12969874 |
| histologic study of head cartilage degeneration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis. | a light microscopy study of head cartilage tissue in rainbow trout alevins (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis showed that, regardless of the presence or absence of whirling disease symptoms such as black tail and whirling swimming due to altered tail and spine morphology, some fish presented large amounts of spores lodged in the head after three months of infection. the spores were located in regions where the cartilage was extensively destroyed. | 2003 | 12974324 |
| distribution and potential role of cytosolic water-soluble phosphodiesters in fish. | the distribution of water-soluble phosphodiesters (wspdes) visible by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) in some intact tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and in perchloric extracts after partial purification was examined by (31)p nmr spectroscopy. the compounds of interest were serine ethanolamine phosphate (sep), threonine ethanolamine phosphate (tep), glycerophosphorylcholine (gpc), and glycerophosphorylethanolamine (gpe). tep and sep were mostly accumulated in the heart and ... | 2003 | 13130434 |
| age- and weight-dependent susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) of varying virulence. | the virulence of 5 european and 1 north american isolate of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was compared by infecting female sibling rainbow trout ('isle of man' strain) of different weights and ages (2, 20 and 50 g). the fish were exposed to 10(4) tcid50 ihnv per ml of water by immersion, and the mortality was recorded for 28 d. two new ihnv isolates from germany were included in the investigation. one was isolated from european eels kept at 23 degrees c (+/- 2 degrees c) and th ... | 2003 | 13677506 |
| in vitro immunomodulating influence of methisoprinol on the head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro influence of methisoprinol on head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv. the vhsv statistically significantly decreased the respiratory burst activity of head kidney phagocytes and the proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by cona. the results of our study showed that methisoprinol at a concentration of 100 microl/ml modulated and restored the phagocyte and lymphocyte activity suppressed by vhsv. | 2003 | 14509364 |
| enhanced resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against yersinia ruckeri challenge following oral administration of bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis (bioplus2b). | | 2003 | 14513974 |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in turkey hatchery farms. | three aeromonas salmonicida strains were isolated from the livers of 265 rainbow trouts sampled. the antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that a. salmonicida strains were susceptible to streptomycine and ciprofloxacin. however, they were resistant to amoxycilline + clavulanic acid, penicillin, erythromycine, oxytetracycline and cefuroxime sodium. | 2003 | 14535932 |
| association of flavobacterium psychrophilum with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney phagocytes in vitro. | the capacity of virulent and non-virulent strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum of different serotypes to associate with isolated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, 300-500 g) kidney phagocytes was evaluated in vitro. the results showed that f. psychrophilum was associated with the phagocytes but large differences in association were observed between the different bacterial strains examined. these differences in association with the phagocytes was not clearly related to the serotype or virule ... | 2003 | 14550665 |
| the functional characterisation of ck-1, a putative cc chemokine from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | recently a number of cytokine homologs have been cloned in teleost fish, including several that resemble chemokines, but to date few have been confirmed using functional assays. chemokines are a family of cytokines that are able to induce chemotaxis in leucocytes. in this study ck-1, a rainbow trout chemokine, was functionally characterised. recombinant ck-1 is able to attract rainbow trout peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) in a micro-chemotaxis chamber. a greater number of pbls migrated in resp ... | 2003 | 14550667 |
| immune enhancement in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus). | the present study assessed the immune enhancement of fish by a lactic acid bacterium (lab) lactobacillus rhamnosus (atcc 53103). the bacterium was administered orally at five different doses 7.9 x 10(4) (lab4), 2.1 x 10(6) (lab6), 2.8 x 10(8) (lab8), 1.9 x 10(10) (lab10) and 9.7 x 10(10) (lab11) cfu/g feed to rainbow trout for two weeks and the feed was changed to un-supplemented diet. from the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, blood and mucus samples were taken. during ... | 2003 | 14550670 |
| role of glutathione redox cycle and catalase in defense against oxidative stress induced by endosulfan in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the role of antioxidants in maintaining the functional integrity of adrenocortical cells during in vitro exposure to endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). aminotriazole (ata), an inhibitor of catalase (cat), l-buthionine sulfoximine (l-bso), an inhibitor of glutathione (gsh) synthesis, and n-acetyl cysteine (nac), a glutathione precursor, were used to investigate the role of cat and gsh redox cycle in protection against the adrenal toxi ... | 2003 | 14550752 |
| exposure to water from the lower rhine induces a stress response in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the water quality of the river rhine has improved in recent years and populations of salmonids are increasing. nevertheless at present, the water from the lower rhine still contains a complex mixture of low levels of many pollutants and it is not known whether exposure to such water is stressful to salmonid fish. for 31 days we continuously exposed the trout oncorhynchus mykiss to water from the lower rhine in the netherlands and measured a variety of physiological, biochemical, and histological ... | 2003 | 14565583 |