| experimental evidence against replication or dissemination of hepatitis c virus in mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) using detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | in 3 laboratory experiments, mosquitoes were fed hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna positive blood by using membrane feeders, separated into head, thorax, and abdomen, and tested by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for hcv-rna. hcv did not replicate or disseminate in mosquitoes that had ingested blood from patients that were hcv-viremic positive. when yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.), were held for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after feeding, hcv-rna was detected in the abdomens of ... | 1996 | 8667387 |
| short report: lack of virus replication in arthropods after intrathoracic inoculation of ebola reston virus. | to evaluate the potential for arthropods to serve as reservoir hosts of ebola virus, three mosquito species, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, and culex pipiens, and a soft tick, ornithodoros sonrai, were inoculated with 1o2.5 plaque-forming units of ebola reston virus. after incubation at 22 degrees c for 11 days, at least six specimens of each species were triturated and examined for evidence of viral replication by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque assay. there was no evidenc ... | 1996 | 8702028 |
| isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes collected in the united states, 1989-94. | potosi (pot) virus, a recently characterized bunyamwera serogroup virus, was discovered when it was isolated from aedes albopictus collected at a waste-tire site in potosi, washington county, missouri, during 1989. during the following year, pot virus was not isolated from 39,048 mosquitoes, including 17,519 ae. albopictus, collected in washington county. in 1991, mosquito collections from south carolina, ohio, and michigan yielded 8 strains of pot virus: 6 from coquillettidia perturbans and one ... | 1996 | 8723251 |
| human host avidity in aedes albopictus: influence of mosquito body size, age, parity, and time of day. | diel patterns of human host attack by aedes albopictus in the laboratory were studied in relation to mosquito body size, age, parity, and time of day. analysis of responses in 10-, 15-, and 20-day-old females indicated a significant main effect due to time of observation in the diel period, as well as significant time x parity and time x age interactions. the distribution of mean host attack responses during the diel period was bimodal with approximately 70% of all activity during photophase (08 ... | 1996 | 8723259 |
| attraction of aedes albopictus adults in sod infusion. | aedes albopictus adults were recovered from sod-baited gravid traps at 7 sites in 5 counties of southern and southwestern illinois in areas ranging from suburban to rural. the attraction of this species to a lure usually associated with members of the culex pipiens complex was investigated under laboratory and field conditions. olfactometer and oviposition preference tests in the laboratory showed that ae. albopictus is attracted to sod infusion and females readily oviposit on substrates in cont ... | 1996 | 8723268 |
| the role of aedes albopictus as an arbovirus vector. | the recent rapid spread of aedes albopictus to many areas previously free of such infestations, including albania and italy, has heightened concern among public health and vector control officials. ae. albopictus is a proven or potential vector of several arboviruses, including some that are, or have been, actively transmitted in southern europe. these virus/vector relationships are reviewed with a view toward assessing the risk posed by the current presence of ae. albopictus in the region. | 1995 | 8778651 |
| aedes albopictus: a potential problem in france. | aedes albopictus, a mosquito of asian origin, has been rapidly spreading in all the continents since a decade: it is now established in north and south america, africa, oceania and even in europe where it was detected in albania, 1979 and in italy, 1990. the international shipping trade of used tires provides to ae. albopictus an ideal mechanism of dissemination, and everywhere the tire stocks constitute an extremely productive ecological niche. now, this mosquito is present in several localitie ... | 1995 | 8778652 |
| aedes albopictus: a potential problem in the united kingdom. | the united kingdom is within the geographical area in which aedes albopictus could survive. a large number of used car tyres are imported and a number of introduced cases of dengue fever occur annually. the health authorities should be aware of the possibility of dengue transmission. | 1995 | 8778653 |
| development of dirofilaria and setaria nematodes in aedes albopictus. | the development of dirofilaria repens, d immitis and setaria labiatopapillosa up to l3 stage was documented in a laboratory colony of aedes albopictus originating from specimens collected in civitavecchia (central italy). the susceptibility of ae albopictus and its plastic trophic habits, strongly suggest that this mosquito may contribute to the spreading of these nematodes in the country. it is particularly emphasized the danger for human health of an increased probability of transmission of di ... | 1995 | 8778656 |
| workshop on the geographic spread of aedes albopictus in europe and the concern among public health authorities. proceedings of a workshop held at the istituto superiore di sanità, rome, italy, 19-20 december 1994. | | 1995 | 8778669 |
| global distribution and continuing spread of aedes albopictus. | aedes albopictus ranks second only to ae. aegypti in importance to man as a vector of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) which viruses place at risk a potential population of 2 billion people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions. due to its predilection for breeding in a plethora of habitat within urban and suburban environs as well as peri-rural areas it is spreading rapidly where suitable breeding is available. it exhibits strain differences ranging from the cold-hardy to tropic ... | 1995 | 8778670 |
| history and updating on the spread of aedes albopictus in italy. | the present distribution in italy of aedes albopictus, the asian mosquito recently introduced, is described. until now this mosquito species has been established in 8 regions of our country: liguria, veneto, lazio, lombardia, emilia-romagna, toscana, piemonte and recently sardegna. the established populations have been able to overcome the winter season. these populations, certainly imported from temperate areas, have reconfirmed the great adaptation of the species, reaching the high latitude of ... | 1995 | 8778671 |
| survey of container-inhabiting mosquitoes in clemson, south carolina, with emphasis on aedes albopictus. | a total of 530 oviposition trap samples were collected within a 10-km radius of clemson university between march 30 and october 19, 1993. from 19,664 larvae reared from collected eggs, 7 species were identified: aedes albopictus (89%), ae. triseriatus (6.5%), culex restuans (2.7%), cx. territans (0.6%), cx. pipiens complex (0.7%), toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (0.2%), and orthopodomyia signifera (0.1%). this is the first record of ae. albopictus in clemson. aedes aegypti was not found. ... | 1995 | 8825496 |
| occurrence and spread in italy of aedes albopictus, with implications for its introduction into other parts of europe. | aedes albopictus is considered second only to ae. aegypti in its importance to man as a disease vector of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. the first sighting in 1979 of the vector species in europe came from albania; however, it was only when ae. albopictus was introduced into italy in 1990, through the importation of used tires, followed by its subsequent spread, that the species was considered as a threat to public health. at the close of 1995, ae. albopictus infestations have been reporte ... | 1996 | 8827590 |
| the role of deer as a possible reservoir host of potosi virus, a newly recognized arbovirus in the united states. | potosi (pot) virus (bunyaviridae) was isolated from aedes albopictus, an introduced asian mosquito species, collected at a used tire yard in potosi, missouri (usa), in august and september, 1989. in september, 1990, small animals were trapped at the tire yard and six cattle were sampled at an adjacent farm; in november 1990 and 1991, blood samples were collected with filter paper strips from 364 hunter-killed, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the region to determine the possible res ... | 1996 | 8827670 |
| repellency of lantana camara (verbenaceae) flowers against aedes mosquitoes. | the repellent effect of lantana camara flowers was evaluated against aedes mosquitoes. lantana flower extract in coconut oil provided 94.5% protection from aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti. the mean protection time was 1.9 h. one application of lantana flower can provide more than 50% protection up to 4 h against the possible bites of aedes mosquitoes. no adverse effects of the human volunteers were observed through 3 months after the application. | 1996 | 8887218 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the lower rio grande valley of texas and mexico. | in response to a potential dengue fever outbreak in south texas during 1995, the susceptibilities of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to commonly used mosquito adulticides were assessed. larvae collected from the lower rio grande valley of texas and mexico were reared to adults and tested against susceptible laboratory strains at texas a&m university. resistance ratios at both the lc50 and lc95 rates were all less than 10, indicating that adult populations of both species are still susceptible ... | 1996 | 8887230 |
| effects of three larvicides on the production of aedes albopictus based on removal of pupal exuviae. | the production of adult aedes albopictus from tires in northcentral florida was monitored for 169 days by the daily removal of pupal exuviae. more than twice as many adults emerged from tires located in the shade (1.74 adults/tire/day) compared to tires in the sun (0.64 adults/tire/day). the effect of 3 larvicides on the production of adult ae albopictus was evaluated. the fungal pathogen lagenidium giganteum was ineffective. a liquid formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (acrobe) pr ... | 1996 | 8887234 |
| first record of genus coelomomyces in macau (china): coelomomyces stegomyiae var. stegomyiae parasitizing aedes albopictus. | during a mosquito survey carried out in 1994-95, in macau, southern china, coelomomyces stegomyiae var. stegomyiae was found parasitizing aedes albopictus. this constitutes the first record of this genus as potential agents of mosquito control in the area. | 1996 | 8887236 |
| inter- and intraspecific variation in resistance to desiccation by adult aedes (stegomyia) spp. (diptera: culicidae) from indonesia. | desiccation survival times of adult mosquitoes were studied for yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (6 strains), asian tiger mosquito, ae. albopictus (skuse) (5 strains), and ae. paullusi stone & farmer (1 strain) colonized from south sulawesi, indonesia. at both 90 and 70% rh, ae. aegypti males and females outlived the other species. the forest species ae. paullusi was least resistant to desiccation. strains of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus from urban areas were more resistant to desicca ... | 1996 | 8906905 |
| occurrence of aedes (stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in halmahela villages, indonesia. | aedes (stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes breeding in containers in and around human houses were surveyed in halmahela villages, the north moluccas, indonesia. adults reared from larvae found in containers and those reared from eggs collected by ovitraps revealed the dominance of aedes scutellaris (walker) in residential areas. breeding of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) was confirmed in a few coastal villages with high human densities. | 1996 | 8906924 |
| the fragmentation of incoming semliki forest virus nucleocapsids in mosquito (aedes albopictus) cells might be coupled to virion uncoating. | the fate of semliki forest virus (sfv) nucleocapsid, especially the capsid protein (c-protein), was investigated during the early stages of a productive infection in mosquito aedes albopictus cells. infection of the cells resulted in a time dependent accumulation of a c-protein derived fragment. this fragmentation of incoming viral nucleocapsid was prevented by nh4cl, an agent generally used to elevate the ph in acidic intracellular compartments, suggesting that a low intravesicular ph is requir ... | 1996 | 8920817 |
| [the risk of urban yellow fever outbreaks in brazil by dengue vectors. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus]. | urban yellow fever (yf) epidemics have disappeared from brazil since about 50 years, but a selvatic cycle still exist. in many states, cases are more or less numerous each year. ae. aegypti was eradicated in 1954, re-appeared temporarily in 1967, and then definitively in 1976-1977. ae. aegypti is a vector of yellow few (yf), but also of dengue, whose first cases were reported in 1982. today, dengue is endemic in many regions. a second flavivirus vector, aedes albopictus is present since about te ... | 1996 | 8924767 |
| [epidemiology of arbovirus diseases: use and value of physiologic age determination of female mosquito vectors]. | the physiological age of yellow fever aedes females in africa was studied during four years, from 1988 to 1992. we used a method, according to polovodova's method, which looks for the "yellow body" under natural light. those yellow bodies exist in the old females, the "parous" ones, and not in the young females, the "nulliparous" ones. we present some results to illustrate the interest of studying the physiological age of mosquitoes in the epidemiology of the arboviral diseases. the transmission ... | 1996 | 8924776 |
| [the situation of dengue in the world]. | the situation of dengue in the world can be summarized as follows: 2,5 billions persons at risk, 60 millions cases per year, and 30 000 deaths per year. the four dengue serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3 and den-4 are nearly human-specific. clinical symptoms of dengue vary from unapparent infection, mild febrile manifestations to hemorrhagic forms with or without shock syndrome. dengue viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, the most important vectors being aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. t ... | 1996 | 8924780 |
| apyrase and alpha-glucosidase in the salivary glands of aedes albopictus. | an apyrase and an alpha-glucosidase were detected in the salivary glands extracts of adult aedes albopictus. the apyrase is a 61,000 da secreted protein that hydrolyses atp and adp. this protein is synthe-sized in adults and is preferentially accumulated in the distal lateral lobes of the female salivary glands. the alpha-glucosidase is a secreted 67,000 da protein. this enzyme is synthesized during adult life and accumulated in the proximal-lateral lobes of both males and females. the results a ... | 1996 | 8925436 |
| pathogenicity of the aedes albopictus parvovirus (aapv), a denso-like virus, for aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | aapv, a denso-like virus isolated from a c6/36 clone of the aedes albopictus cell line, proved to be very pathogenic for aedes aegypti first and third instar larvae following per os infection. the mortality reached 90% in 10 days for larvae infected at the first instar. several factors, such as temperature, larval density and stage, and duration of contact with infectious particles, influenced infection. the virus titer in females surviving infection at the third larval instar reached 10(8) tcid ... | 1996 | 8931366 |
| evaluation of methoprene (altosid) and diflubenzuron (dimilin) for control of mosquito breeding in tezpur (assam). | insect growth regulators (igrs) namely, isopropyl (e-e)-(rs)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2, 4-dinoate (methoprene) and 1-(4-cyclophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflerobenzoyl) urea (diflubenzuron) were evaluated against mosquito larvae in laboratory as well as in different breeding habitats in tezpur, assam. lc90 values of diflubenzuron against culex quinquefasciatus and aedes albopictus were 0.0022 and 0.0027 ppm respectively, while it was 0.0027 and 0.0022 ppm respectively in case of methoprene. however ... | 1996 | 8952169 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from culex sitiens mosquitoes in selangor, malaysia. | isolation of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) from mosquitoes in sabak bernam, selangor, malaysia, was attempted. an aliquot of homogenate from each pool of mosquitoes, 50 per tube, was inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cells for virus isolation. each cell culture was tested for the presence of viral antigen by immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-jev polyclonal antibody. out of 4 culex sitiens mosquito pools, 2 pools were positive for jev by cell culture. presence of jev genome i ... | 1994 | 8965071 |
| aedes albopictus in mexico. | data relating to the discovery and identification of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, in coahuila state, mexico, are presented. infestations are reported for piedras negras and ciudad acuña. samples from a third community were negative for ae. albopictus. | 1994 | 8965073 |
| a larval mosquito survey in northeastern arkansas including a new record for aedes albopictus. | an extensive larval mosquito survey was conducted in craighead county in northeastern arkansas in 1990-91. nineteen species representing 8 genera were collected. culex restuans was the most cosmopolitan species in relation to habitat utilization, being collected in 5 or 7 habitat types sampled. a major range extension of aedes taeniorhynchus in arkansas was documented as well as the first known collection of aedes albopictus in the northeastern part of the state. | 1994 | 8965075 |
| rescue of a segmented negative-strand rna virus entirely from cloned complementary dnas. | we provide the first report, to our knowledge, of a helper-independent system for rescuing a segmented, negative-strand rna genome virus entirely from cloned cdnas. plasmids were constructed containing full-length cdna copies of the three bunyamwera bunyavirus rna genome segments flanked by bacteriophage t7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme sequences. when cells expressing both bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase and recombinant bunyamwera bunyavirus proteins were transfected with these pl ... | 1996 | 8986823 |
| low ph-induced pore formation by spike proteins of enveloped viruses. | exposure of aedes albopictus cells infected with semliki forest virus (sfv; togaviridae) to mildly acidic ph (5.6) results in a dramatic increase in the host cell membrane permeability due to pore formation by the virus spike proteins. identical results were obtained when the cells were infected with two other viruses, sindbis virus (sin, togaviridae) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, rhabdoviridae). this permeability change could also be observed on isolated virions of sfv, sin and vsv by me ... | 1996 | 9000093 |
| [description of the colonization of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the region of saõ josé do rio preto, sp, 1991-1994]. | this study aims to describe and analyze the colonization of aedes albopictus whose presence was detected in 1991 in the area of sào josé do rio. preto already colonized by the aedes aegypti. year and month of occurrence, counties, composition and location of larval samples, kinds of containers, average number of larvae an breteau index bare been analyzed from the information obtained in measurements of larval density by superintendência de controle de endemias (sucen). the presence of aedes albo ... | 1996 | 9011878 |
| in vitro cultivation of wolbachia pipientis in an aedes albopictus cell line. | a continuous cell line, aa23, was established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, naturally infected with the intracellular symbiont wolbachia pipientis. the resulting cell line was shown to be persistently infected with the bacterial endosymbiont. treatment with antibiotics cured the cells of the infection. in the course of establishing this cell line it was noticed that rflps in the pcr products of two wolbachia genes from the parental mosquitoes were fixed in ... | 1997 | 9013253 |
| characterization of jkt-7400, an orbivirus which grows in aedes albopictus mosquito cells: evidence pointing to a minor virion protein, vp6, as the rna guanylyltransferase. | jkt-7400 virus, an orbivirus originally isolated from culex mosquitos, was plaque purified and adapted to aedes albopictus mosquito cells. conditions which enhance viral cytopathic effect and optimize plaque formation are described. in contrast to bluetongue virus, the prototype orbivirus, no replication of jkt-7400 virus in vertebrate cells was observed. the core particle of jkt-7400 virus contains 10 segments of dsrna and three minor proteins, vp1, vp4, and vp6. the inner shell contains two ma ... | 1997 | 9024806 |
| [detection of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in an urban zone of the municipality of catanduva, sp, after control of a dengue epidemic]. | after the realization of control research that had in view the transmission of dengue virus, we started to monitor two kinds of entomological vigilance, breteau index and ovitrap. we intended to evaluate the necessary time elapsed before aedes sp mosquitoes were again detected at the urban area of catanduva s town (sp). the ovitraps showed positiveness for the aedes aegypti two months after the control research, while the breteau index became positive only at the fourth month after the end of th ... | 1996 | 9026829 |
| dengue vector mosquitos at a tourist attraction, ko samui, in 1995. | on ko samui, thailand there were two epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) in 1966 and 1967, followed by endemics up to 1994. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were the vectors. from january to july 1995, 51 cases of dhf were reported, out of these were many foreigners who still suffer from dengue fever and return home with negative impression. we carried out an entomological survey around the island and collected the mosquitos to detect dengue virus by digoxigenin-cdna probe. the data re ... | 1996 | 9031420 |
| identification of mayaro virus nucleocapsid protein in nucleus of aedes albopictus cells. | the modifications in the pattern of nuclear proteins of aedes albopictus cells in response to mayaro virus infection were analysed early and late after infection. the viral capsid (c) protein of 34 kda (p34) could be detected in the nuclear compartment 4 h after infection, soon after its synthesis in the cytoplasm. in addition to p34, a group of high molecular weight proteins was also present in this compartment late after infection. the exposition of infected cells to supra optimal temperature ... | 1997 | 9037738 |
| possible introduction of aedes albopictus into texas from vietnam. | | 1996 | 9046487 |
| parasites of the asian tiger mosquito and other container-inhabiting mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) in northcentral florida. | seven microorganisms including 4 protozoans, 2 fungi, and a bacterium infected aedes albopictus (skuse) larvae collected from 12 counties in northecentral florida. ae albopictus and 14 other species of mosquitoes were collected from tires, flower-holding vases in cemeteries, other types of artificial containers, and treeholes. ascogregarina taiwanensis (lien & levine) was the most common parasite of ae. albopictus throughout the year. the microsporidium vavraia culicis (weiser) infected aedes ae ... | 1997 | 9103767 |
| evaluation of a heterologous metallothionein gene promoter in transfected mosquito cells. | mosquito cells from the c7-10 aedes albopictus line were transfected with a recombinant plasmid containing the escherichia coli galactokinase gene under control of the promoter from the drosophila melanogaster metallothionein gene, mtn. consistent with what has been observed with heterologous metallothionein promoters in several vertebrate systems, treatment of transiently transfected mosquito cells with cuso4 or cdcl2 induced a 2- to 5-fold increase in galactokinase gene expression. levels of e ... | 1997 | 9114495 |
| dengue hemorrhagic fever in jakarta, indonesia in 1988: isolation of dengue virus from patient whole blood using cell cultures. | during an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) in jakarta, indonesia in 1988, we attempted to isolate dengue virus using mosquito cells and a medium containing heparin. whole blood, immediately after being drawn from patients, was inoculated into aedes albopictus cell cultures temporarily maintained in the heparin-containing medium. the overall virus isolation rate was 25% (17 of 69) samples collected within three days after admission of the patients to hospital. no virus was obtained ther ... | 1997 | 9129536 |
| biophysical properties of heterotypic gap junctions newly formed between two types of insect cells. | 1. cell pairs of the insect cell line sf9 (spodoptera frugiperda) were chosen to examine the electrical properties of gap junction channels. the dual voltage-clamp method was used to control the membrane potential of each cell (vm,1 and vm,2) and hence the junctional voltage gradient (vj), and to measure intercellular current. 2. studies with preformed pairs revealed that the gap junction conductance (gj) is controlled by a vj- and a vm-sensitive gate. at steady state, gj = f(vj) was bell shaped ... | 1997 | 9130166 |
| analysis of lacrosse virus s mrna 5' termini in infected mosquito cells and aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. | nucleotide sequences were determined for the 5' termini of la crosse virus (lac) s segment mrna from persistently infected mosquito cell cultures (c6/36 from aedes albopictus) and embryos (aedes triseriatus). lac primes transcription of its mrna with "scavenged" 5' caps and adjacent oligonucleotides from host mrnas, and these non-virus-encoded 5'-terminal extensions are heterogeneous in infected mammalian cells. the nature of mosquito host-derived primers has not been previously investigated. du ... | 1997 | 9151829 |
| aedes albopictus (diptera:culicidae) is incompetent as a vector of hepatitis c virus. | in laboratory experiments, aedes albopictus females were fed hepatitis c virus (hcv)-infected human blood with a unit-feeding apparatus. pools of engorged females were tested at various time intervals after their blood meal for the presence of hcv rna using two methods in parallel: reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and pcr with the amplicor hcv system. comparable results were obtained with both methods. mosquitoes were found to be positive only immediately and 24 h aft ... | 1997 | 9164472 |
| distribution of mayaro virus rna in polysomes during heat shock. | mayaro virus (alphavirus) infection of aedes albopictus cells results in inhibition of cell protein synthesis and viral proteins are preferably synthesized. when infected cells are heat shocked, however, there is also an inhibition of viral protein synthesis, and there is preferential synthesis of heat shock proteins. based on these observations, the distribution of mayaro viral rna in polysomes and the association of p34 (capsid protein) with ribosomal fractions of the cells under such conditio ... | 1997 | 9175251 |
| changes in the dengue virus major envelope protein on passaging and their localization on the three-dimensional structure of the protein. | to help define the molecular events involved in dengue virus adaptation during serial passage in vivo and in cultured cells, we have sequenced the structural protein genes of three dengue type 3 isolates after intracerebral passage in mice and after passage in cultured monkey kidney (vero) and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. passaging in each host selected for amino acid changes in the envelope protein e and occasionally in prm but not in the capsid protein. most changes were first apparent w ... | 1997 | 9191841 |
| characterization of the infection of aedes albopictus cell clones by sindbis virus. | we have investigated the infection of aedes albopictus (mosquito) cell clones by sindbis virus. variation in the multiplicity of infection (moi) from ranges of 50-0.00005 pfu/cell was determined to have no effect on the progression of the infection to high acute phase titer, suggesting that intracellular factors alone are responsible for the restriction of virus production seen as the infection enters the persistent phase: while persistently infected (over 1 year post infection) cell clones are ... | 1997 | 9255930 |
| superinfection exclusion of alphaviruses in three mosquito cell lines persistently infected with sindbis virus. | three aedes albopictus (mosquito) cell lines persistently infected with sindbis virus excluded the replication of both homologous (various strains of sindbis) and heterologous (aura, semliki forest, and ross river) alphaviruses. in contrast, an unrelated flavivirus, yellow fever virus, replicated equally well in uninfected and persistently infected cells of each line. sindbis virus and semliki forest virus are among the most distantly related alphaviruses, and our results thus indicate that mosq ... | 1997 | 9261447 |
| aedes albopictus in the united states: ten-year presence and public health implications. | since its discovery in houston, texas, in 1987, the asian "tiger mosquito" aedes albopictus has spread to 678 counties in 25 states. this species, which readily colonizes container habitats in the peridomestic environment, was probably introduced into the continental united states in shipments of scrap tires from northern asia. the early pattern of dispersal followed the interstate highway system, which suggests further dispersal by human activities. the public health service act of 1988 require ... | 1997 | 9284377 |
| venereal and vertical transmission of the aedes albopictus parvovirus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | following per oral infection of aedes aegypti larvae with aedes albopictus parvovirus (aapv), infected males and females adults were tested for their ability to transmit the virus venereally and vertically, respectively. both types of transmission were observed. a low percentage (2.2%) of aapv-free females were found contaminated by the virus after mating with aapv-infected males. although no significant difference was observed in the fecundity of orally infected and virus-free females, 17.1% of ... | 1997 | 9288802 |
| adsorptive endocytosis of california encephalitis virus into mosquito and mammalian cells: a role for g1. | the g1 glycoprotein of california encephalitis (ce) virus plays a critical role in the infection of mosquito and mammalian cells. we found that ce virus enters baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) and aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells by the endocytic pathway. ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic amine that prevents release of virus from endosomes, inhibited infection of both cell types when added within 10 min after viral adsorption. in addition, infected cells formed polykaryons when the extracellular ph ... | 1997 | 9300035 |
| detection of dengue virus from field aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus adults and larvae. | mosquito adults and larvae were collected from dengue high risk areas and transported to the laboratory for identification. identified mosquitos were pooled according to the species, date and locality and stored at -70 degrees c. a total of 1,385 pools of aedes albopictus and 267 pools of ae. aegypti were collected from major towns in 12 states in peninsular malaysia. virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (c6/36 clone) of ae. albopictus and detection of dengue virus by the peroxidas ... | 1997 | 9322296 |
| does transovarial transmission of dengue virus occur in malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | | 1997 | 9322311 |
| dengue infection in paracambi, state of rio de janeiro, 1990-1995. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out during 1994 in the municipality of paracambi, state of rio de janeiro. haemagglutination inhibition test positivity was detected in 145 out of 370 (39.2%) schoolchildren. the frequency of positive test by sex was 53.8% (78/145) female and 46.2% (67/145) male. distribution by age showed the increasing of antibody positivity in older children. strains of dengue virus type 1 and dengue virus type 2 were isolated before (1990) showing the co-circulation o ... | 1997 | 9322424 |
| in vitro culture and phylogenetic analysis of "candidatus arsenophonus triatominarum," an intracellular bacterium from the triatomine bug, triatoma infestans. | an intracellular symbiotic bacterium was isolated from the hemolymph of triatoma infestans and cultured in an aedes albopictus cell line. 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis revealed that the bacterium was a member of the gamma-3 subgroup of the class proteobacteria, having 96.2% sequence identity with the most closely related bacterium, arsenophonus nasoniae, the causative agent of the son-killer trait in the parasitoid wasp nasonia vitripennis. these bacteria share morphological features and a ... | 1997 | 9336921 |
| cholesterol-independent targeting of golgi membrane proteins in insect cells. | distinct lipid compositions of intracellular organelles could provide a physical basis for targeting of membrane proteins, particularly where transmembrane domains have been shown to play a role. we tested the possibility that cholesterol is required for targeting of membrane proteins to the golgi complex. we used insect cells for our studies because they are cholesterol auxotrophs and can be depleted of cholesterol by growth in delipidated serum. we found that two well-characterized mammalian g ... | 1997 | 9362056 |
| wolbachia, normally a symbiont of drosophila, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death. | wolbachia, a maternally transmitted microorganism of the rickettsial family, is known to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, or feminization in various insect species. the bacterium-host relationship is usually symbiotic: incompatibility between infected males and uninfected females can enhance reproductive isolation and evolution, whereas the other mechanisms enhance progeny production. we have discovered a variant wolbachia carried by drosophila melanogaster in which this cozy ... | 1997 | 9380712 |
| identification of a north american mosquito species, aedes atropalpus (diptera: culicidae), in italy. | in late september 1996, during a routine survey for aedes albopictus in italy, a population of aedes atropalpus s.s. was discovered in the veneto region (northern italy). larvae were collected in 2 tire storage areas belonging to tire recapping companies that imported loads of car and large equipment used tires from eastern europe and north america. aedes atropalpus is found only in north america and hence it is the origin of this species. control measures were carried out in october, but by the ... | 1997 | 9383765 |
| keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of greece. | keys to the adult females and 4th instar larvae of the mosquitoes of greece are presented. in all, 53 species in 7 genera are included. also, aedes albopictus is added because of the potential for its introduction into greece. | 1997 | 9383766 |
| [impact of changes in the environment on vector-transmitted diseases]. | we have defined the relationship between infectious diseases and environmental conditions and considered the development of this relationship to its current situation, where human intervention is occurring more often and is becoming more aggressive. the increase in the transport of freight and passengers by air has allowed parasite vectors to spread quickly and easily over large distances. every country can now be reached from any other country within a couple of days. usually, foreign species a ... | 1997 | 9410453 |
| a single point mutation controls the cholesterol dependence of semliki forest virus entry and exit. | membrane fusion and budding are key steps in the life cycle of all enveloped viruses. semliki forest virus (sfv) is an enveloped alphavirus that requires cellular membrane cholesterol for both membrane fusion and efficient exit of progeny virus from infected cells. we selected an sfv mutant, srf-3, that was strikingly independent of cholesterol for growth. this phenotype was conferred by a single amino acid change in the e1 spike protein subunit, proline 226 to serine, that increased the cholest ... | 1998 | 9425157 |
| first record in america of aedes albopictus naturally infected with dengue virus during the 1995 outbreak at reynosa, mexico. | mosquito collections were conducted during a dengue outbreak in reynosa, tamaulipas, mexico, july-december 1995. a total of 6694 adult mosquitoes (four genera and nine species) were captured, of which 2986 (78.3% females and 21.7% males) were aedes albopictus and 2339 (39.7% females and 60.3% males) were ae.aegypti. these two species comprised 84.2% of the total collection. specimens were grouped into pools, nearly 50% of them processed for detection of virus by cythopathic effect in c6-36 and v ... | 1997 | 9430106 |
| susceptibility of three laboratory strains of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) to japanese encephalitis virus from taiwan. | the susceptibility of 3 laboratory strains of aedes albopictus (skuse) (sanhsia [sh], yungho [yh], liyang [ly], and 1 strain of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles from northern and central taiwan were compared for susceptibility to the mq1-2 strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus. the median infective dose (mid50) by intrathoracic inoculation was 0.23, 0.76, 1.60, and -0.03 log10 wmicld50 (50% weanling mice intracranial lethal dose) with ae. albopictus sh, yh, ly, and cx. tritaeniorhynchus, respe ... | 1997 | 9439133 |
| chikungunya in thailand: a re-emerging disease? | the first reported case of chikungunya virus diagnosed by serology in thailand was in 1960 and the last one was in 1991. the disease surveillance system does not specifically include chikungunya cases and the signs and symptoms are similar to these of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (df/dhf), rubella, and fever of unknown origin (fuo); thus cases might often be reported under those diagnoses. during the rainy season of 1995 (jun-aug), there were at least 2 reported chikungunya outbreaks wh ... | 1997 | 9444021 |
| structural localization of the e3 glycoprotein in attenuated sindbis virus mutants. | we have determined the three-dimensional structures of the wild-type sindbis virus and two of its mutants that retain the e3 sequence within pe2. using difference imaging between these mutants and the wild-type virus, we have assigned a location for the 64-amino-acid sequence corresponding to e3 in the mutant spike complex. in the wild-type virus, the spike is composed of an e1-e2 heterotrimer. the e3 protein was found to protrude midway between the center of the spike complex and the tips. base ... | 1998 | 9445057 |
| genetic determinants responsible for acquisition of dengue type 2 virus mouse neurovirulence. | studies conducted some 50 years ago showed that serial intracerebral passage of dengue viruses in mice selected for neurovirulent mutants that also exhibited significant attenuation for humans. we investigated the genetic basis of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus because it might be directly or indirectly associated with attenuation for humans. analysis of the sequence in the c-prem-e-ns1 region of the parental dengue type 2 virus (den2) new guinea c (ngc) strain and its mouse-adapted, neuro ... | 1998 | 9445071 |
| comparison of sindbis virus-induced pathology in mosquito and vertebrate cell cultures. | we have compared sindbis virus-induced cytopathology in vertebrate and mosquito (aedes albopictus) cell cultures. it has been shown that vertebrate cells undergo apoptosis when infected by sindbis virus and this was confirmed here using hamster cells (bhk). the occurrence of cell death in sindbis virus-infected a. albopictus cells is a cell clone-specific phenomenon and, unlike in bhk cell cultures, mosquito cell death does not correlate with a large induction of apoptosis, as determined by assa ... | 1998 | 9454692 |
| performance of ulv formulations (pesguard 102/vectobac 12as) against three mosquito species. | adulticidal and larvicidal performances of a water-based pyrethroid microemulsion pesguard ps 102 (ai d-allethrin and d-phenothrin, both at 5.0% w/w) and vectobac 12as, an aqua-suspension bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.i.) formulation (ai 1,200 itu/mg) were assessed against mosquitoes aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus using a leco ulv fog generator model 1600 and a scorpion 20 ulv airblast sprayer. laboratory-cultured mosquito adults and larvae were used for ef ... | 1997 | 9474567 |
| field evaluation of vectobac g, vectobac 12as and bactimos wp against the dengue vector aedes albopictus in tires. | the efficacy of three formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was studied against aedes albopictus in discarded tires. the formulations were: vectobac g (corn cob formulation), vectobac 12as (aqueous suspension), and bactimos wp (wettable powder formulation). both vectobac g and vectobac 12as were effective for 24 hr with more than 80% mortality. both vectobac formulations were significantly more effective than bactimos wp for 24 hr after treatment (p < 0.0005). a week after trea ... | 1997 | 9491362 |
| [anthropophilic behavior of aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) in the vale do paraíba region, southeastern brazil]. | the epidemiological role of aedes albopictus has been investigated in the state of s. paulo by the study of its biological and ecological characteristics. the biting activity of ae.albopictus taking stationary and moving collectors as parameters, is determined. | 1997 | 9497558 |
| hemagglutinins in mosquitoes and their role in the immune response to brugia malayi (filarioidea:nematoda) larvae. | hemagglutinins were determined in six species of mosquitoes that are susceptible and refractory to brugia malayi (filarioidea: nematoda). high titers of hemagglutinins were found in the salivary gland extract and in the body fluid of a completely refractory species, aedes taeniorhynchus, and in partially refractory species, anopheles quadrimculatus but low levels of hemagglutinins were also present in the body fluid of aedes aegypti (black-eye, liverpool strain), a susceptible species. hemagglut ... | 1997 | 9505436 |
| ultrastructural differentiation of the genogroups in the genus ehrlichia. | ultrastructural characteristics of 15 strains and isolates of ehrlichiae belonging to three genogroups, or clades of genetically related organisms united in the genera ehrlichia, cowdria, anaplasma, neorickettsia and a strain of wolbachia pipientis which represents a fourth genogroup in this cluster of species, were studied in continuous cell culture or in vivo: e. canis (oklahoma strain and vhe isolate), e. muris (as 145), e. chaffeensis (arkansas, 91he17 and sapulpa), human granulocytic ehrlic ... | 1998 | 9511829 |
| identification of a major determinant of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus type 2 using stably cloned genomic-length cdna. | a genomic-length cdna clone corresponding to the rna of dengue virus type 2 (den-2) new guinea c strain (ngc) was constructed in a low copy number vector. the cloned cdna was stably propagated in escherichia coil and designated pdvws501. rna transcripts produced in vitro from the cdna using t7 rna polymerase yielded infectious virus (mon501) upon electroporation into bhk-21 cells. when compared with parental ngc virus, mon501 replicated to similar levels in aedes albopictus c6/36 cells and showe ... | 1998 | 9519821 |
| gene expression and regulation from the p7 promoter of aedes densonucleosis virus. | the nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 are thought to be expressed from the p7 promoter of aedes densonucleosis virus (aednv). to study gene expression from the p7 promoter, eight different plasmids were constructed by fusing beta-galactosidase or beta-glucuronidase into the genome so that the reporter gene was in different open reading frames and under the transcriptional control of the p7 promoter. after transfection into c6/36 aedes albopictus cells, constructs generated comparable amounts of ... | 1998 | 9557726 |
| monitoring of dengue viruses in field-caught aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes by a type-specific polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing. | virologic surveillance for dengue through the detection of the prevalent serotype(s) circulating in the human population during inter- and intra-epidemic periods constitutes a reliable sentinel system for dengue outbreaks. we have applied a rapid and sensitive, semi-nested, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay using nonstructural protein 3 gene primers for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in artificially infected and in field-caught adult aedes mosquitoes. ... | 1998 | 9598444 |
| engineered resistance in aedes aegypti to a west african and a south american strain of yellow fever virus. | double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses were engineered to transduce mosquito cells with antisense rna derived either from the premembrane (prm) or polymerase (ns5) coding regions of the 17d vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (yfv). aedes albopictus c6/36 cells were infected at high multiplicities of infection (moi) with each dssin virus. forty-eight hours later, the transduced cells were challenged with an moi of 0.1 of the asibi strain of yfv. at 72-hr postchallenge, the cells were assayed ... | 1998 | 9598458 |
| [productivity of a breeding place of aedes albopictus in an urban environment]. | aedes albopictus has been found at cananeia city in the southeastern state of s. paulo, brazil. a study was carried out to evaluate the productivity of its breeding place. | 1997 | 9629709 |
| [aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) breeding in bromeliaceae in the outskirts of an urban area of the city of são paulo, brazil]. | larvae of aedes albopictus from a plant of the bromeliaceae family on the outskirts of s. paulo, sp, brazil, were collected. this occurrence sheds new light on the attempt to determine the potential of this plants as a breeding site for this mosquito in brazil. | 1997 | 9629731 |
| electron microscopic examination of aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cells infected with dengue virus 2 at elevated incubation temperature. | morphological changes such as loss of cytoplasm, membrane destruction and vacuolar swelling in aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cells infected with dengue virus 2 (dv-2) new guinea b strain and incubated at 28 degrees c and 37 degrees c, were observed under electron microscope. both infected and uninfected cells showed significant damage at 37 degrees c in contrast to normal appearance at 28 degrees c. a higher number of virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm at 37 degrees c than at 28 degre ... | 1998 | 9645241 |
| rapid diagnosis of japanese encephalitis by using an immunoglobulin m dot enzyme immunoassay. | japanese encephalitis (je) occurs in rural settings in southern and eastern asia, where diagnostic facilities are limited. for the diagnosis of je virus (jev) infection, we developed a nitrocellulose membrane-based immunoglobulin m (igm) capture dot enzyme immunoassay (mac dot) that is rapid, simple to use, requires no specialized equipment, and can distinguish jev from dengue infection. in a prospective field study in southern vietnam, 155 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and 341 serum samples were co ... | 1998 | 9650956 |
| breeding habitats of aedes aegypti (l) and aedes. albopictus (skuse) in villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia. | the breeding habitats of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, were studied using larval collection method inside and outside houses in 6 villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia from july 1994 to august 1995. aedes aegypti was the dominant species, being abundant indoors especially in the coastal areas. aedes albopictus was breeding primarily in outdoor containers in the hill and mountain areas. earthen jar was the most common breeding habitat of aedes aegypti in all villag ... | 1997 | 9656413 |
| dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. | dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple serotypes), and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. in 1998 this mosquito-borne disease is the most important tropical infectious disease after malaria, with an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 ca ... | 1998 | 9665979 |
| vectors vs. humans in australia--who is on top down under? an update on vector-borne disease and research on vectors in australia. | australia has a diversity of vectors and vector-borne human diseases. mosquito-borne arboviruses are of greatest concern, but there are issues with other vector and pathogen systems. mosquitoes were responsible for more than 35,000 cases of ross river virus during 1991-1997. barmah forest virus is increasing nationwide, and unidentified bunyaviruses suspected of causing illness have been isolated. cases of murray valley encephalitis have occurred in 14 of the past 20 years in northern australia. ... | 1998 | 9673928 |
| field efficacy of a new repellent, kbr 3023, against aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) in a tropical environment. | two new repellent formulations, kbr 3023 10% and 20% from bayer ag, germany, were evaluated together with deet 10% and 20% as standard repellent formulations. evaluation was based on two separate field studies: a daytime study (0900-1700 hr) in a forested orchard on penang island and a nighttime study (2100-0100 hr) in a squatter residential area on the adjacent mainland of peninsular malaysia. both studies were carried out by exposing humans with bare arms and legs to mosquitoes landing/biting ... | 1998 | 9673931 |
| identification of specific nucleotide sequences within the conserved 3'-sl in the dengue type 2 virus genome required for replication. | the flavivirus genome is a positive-stranded approximately 11-kb rna including 5' and 3' noncoding regions (ncr) of approximately 100 and 400 to 600 nucleotides (nt), respectively. the 3' ncr contains adjacent, thermodynamically stable, conserved short and long stem-and-loop structures (the 3'-sl), formed by the 3'-terminal approximately 100 nt. the nucleotide sequences within the 3'-sl are not well conserved among species. we examined the requirement for the 3'-sl in the context of dengue virus ... | 1998 | 9696848 |
| isolation of la crosse, cache valley, and potosi viruses from aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected at used-tire sites in illinois during 1994-1995. | prospective studies were conducted at used-tire sites in illinois during 1994-1995 in an effort to isolate arboviruses from mosquitoes, particularly aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes triseriatus (say). three isolates of potosi virus were obtained from ae. albopictus collected at a waste tire site in jasper county during 1994 and 1995. also, a single isolate of cache valley virus was obtained from ae. albopictus collected at the jasper county site during 1995. these are the first records of arbo ... | 1998 | 9701947 |
| typing of dengue viruses in clinical specimens and mosquitoes by single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr. | in recent years, dengue viruses (serotypes 1 to 4) have spread throughout tropical regions worldwide. in many places, multiple dengue virus serotypes are circulating concurrently, which may increase the risk for the more severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever. for the control and prevention of dengue fever, it is important to rapidly detect and type the virus in clinical samples and mosquitoes. assays based on reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr (rt-pcr) amplification of dengue viral rn ... | 1998 | 9705406 |
| peptide sequence of an antibiotic cecropin from the vector mosquito, aedes albopictus. | we have identified a 35-amino acid antibiotic cecropin secreted by an established mosquito cell line. c7-10 cells from the vector mosquito, aedes albopictus, were incubated with heat-killed escherichia coli, and materials secreted into the cell culture supernatant were recovered by acid precipitation. following batch elution from sep-pak c18 cartridges and further purification by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) a predominant peak of antibacterial activity was chara ... | 1998 | 9712710 |
| basic surface properties of aedes albopictus cells: effect of mayaro virus infection on electrostatic charge and surface tension. | aedes albopictus cells possess a negative cell surface charge of -12.7 mv with an isoelectrophoretic point (iep) located between ph 3.0 and 4.0. infection with mayaro virus rendered the surface of a. albopictus cells less negative reaching a zeta-potential value of -9.7 mv after 100 h of infection. concomitantly, the iep of the infected cells were also altered from 3.0-4.0 to 4.0-5.0. furthermore, the contact angle measurements clearly showed qualitative alterations in the cell surface of infect ... | 1997 | 9722418 |
| identification of brazilian flaviviruses by a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method using flavivirus universal primers. | we report a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method for identification of brazilian flaviviruses based on the patterns of electrophoretic separation of the amplicons. the rt-pcr was done on the culture fluids of aedes albopictus c6/36 cells infected with brazilian flaviviruses, without previous extraction of viral rna, using flavivirus universal primers that anneal to highly conserved sequences within the nonstructural protein 5 and 3'- non translated region of ... | 1998 | 9749625 |
| similarities to a line element shared by anopheline and culicine mosquitos map to the distal end of dihydrofolate reductase amplicons in aedes albopictus mosquito cells. | to extend our understanding of amplicon structure in methotrexate-resistant mtx-5011-256 aedes albopictus mosquito cells, we examined a series of cosmids containing genomic dna corresponding to the unique 3'-end of the type 1 dihydrofolate reductase amplicon. cosmid pwed118 contained five ecori fragments ranging from 2 to 5 kb (a, b, c, f, g) that hybridized to cdna from methotrexate-resistant cells. of these, fragments b and f hybridized weakly to first-strand cdna from sensitive cells and shar ... | 1998 | 9753771 |
| an unusual ground larval habitat of aedes albopictus. | | 1998 | 9755568 |
| [establishment of a subline of c6/36 adapted to growing in a serum-free medium and its usefulness for studies on the dengue virus]. | using the c6/36 clone of the aedes albopictus cell line, a derived cell line was obtained capable of growing in a commercial serum-free medium facilitating this line to keep its morphologic characteristics and adhesion capacity. the growth speed rate reduction of the adapted cell line was compensated by its low maintenance cost. its usefulness in the multiplication of dengue viruses 1 and 2 was tested; the reported line showed the same susceptibility for the 2 agents than the original cell line ... | 1994 | 9768251 |
| [studies on the susceptibility of two northern taiwan strains of aedes albopictus mosquitoes to japanese encephalitis virus]. | aedes albopictus is a dominant mosquito species in northern taiwan. in laboratory, the vector competence of 2 geographical strains of aedes albopictus mosquitoes to nt 113 strain of japanese encephalitis virus was examined. the mosquito infection dose50 (mi-d50) of sanhsia (sh) strain by intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation was shown to be -1.1 log wmicld50 (weanling mice intracerebrum lethal dose), while that of yungho (yh) strain was -2.0 log wmicld50. the infection dose for 50% mosquitoes transmi ... | 1995 | 9774983 |
| effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on susceptibility of aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to eastern equine and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. | the effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on the susceptibility of adult aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) and aedes sollicitans (skuse) to infection with eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus was tested in the laboratory. ae. sollicitans was more susceptible to infection (79%, n = 82) and viral dissemination (16%) with eee virus than was ae. taeniorhynchus (42%, n = 184) and (5%), respectively, when fed on a chick with a viremia of 10(7) +/- 0.1 plaque-forming units/ml; how ... | 1998 | 9775590 |
| density dependence in larval aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | aedes albopictus (skuse) is expanding its distribution in the united states and elsewhere, and a better understanding of its population regulation is needed. a field experiment under seminatural conditions determined that density had a negative effect and food level a positive effect on immature survival, duration of development, and female size at emergence. a summary index (r') indicated that population growth also depended on density and food availability. these data can be used to estimate t ... | 1998 | 9775616 |
| dengue: a literature review and case study of travelers from the united states, 1986-1994. | dengue fever is an acute, mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterized by fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. infections are caused by any of four virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the incidence of dengue is increasing in most tropical areas throughout the world (fig. 1). although dengue is not endemic in the continental united states, hawaii, or alaska, more than 500 laboratory-positive cases of introduced dengue were reported from 1977 through ... | 1997 | 9815484 |
| nuclear import and the evolution of a multifunctional rna-binding protein. | la (ss-b) is a highly expressed protein that is able to bind 3'-oligouridylate and other common rna sequence/structural motifs. by virtue of these interactions, la is present in a myriad of nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes in vivo where it may function as an rna-folding protein or rna chaperone. we have recently characterized the nuclear import pathway of the s. cerevisiae la, lhp1p. the soluble transport factor, or karyopherin, that mediates the import of lhp1p is kap108p/sxm ... | 1998 | 9817748 |