| demographic parameters of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on different soybean cultivars. | life table, reproduction, and population growth parameters of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were determined on nine soybean (glycine max l.) cultivars ('032', '033', 'hill', 'm4', 'm7', 'm9', 'm11', 'tms', and 'zane') at 25°c. the age-specific survival rate of eggs and immature stages was higher on 033 in comparison with other cultivars. the gross fecundity rate ranged from 911 on m9 to 1,296 on zane, but the differences were not statistically significan ... | 2012 | 22507005 |
| functional analysis of two chitinase genes during the pupation and eclosion stages of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua by rna interference. | insect chitinases are a multigene family that is encoded by a rather large and diverse group of genes. the main function of chitinases is to digest the chitin contained in tissues such as the cuticles and gut lining during molting. in this study, we examined the role of a chitinase (sechi) and a bacterial type chitinase (sechi-h) during the pupation and eclosion stages of spodoptera exigua. first, efficient silencing of the sechi and sechi-h genes through specific double-stranded rna (dsrna) inj ... | 2012 | 22460420 |
| long-term foliar persistence and efficacy of spinosad against beet armyworm under greenhouse conditions. | the immediate lethality caused by spinosad has been widely studied on spodoptera exigua (hübner). however, long-term effects can also provide valuable information on insecticide toxic action. here, the persistence of spinosad on capsicum annuum l. foliage and the lethal and sublethal effects of greenhouse-aged foliar residues of this insecticide on third instars of s. exigua are reported. | 2012 | 22262560 |
| toxicity of allyl esters in insect cell lines and in spodoptera littoralis larvae. | we investigated the effects of five allyl esters, two aromatic (allyl cinnamate and allyl 2-furoate) and three aliphatic (allyl hexanoate, allyl heptanoate, and allyl octanoate) in established insect cell lines derived from different species and tissues. we studied embryonic cells of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (s2) (diptera) and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (se4) (lepidoptera), fat body cells of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (cpb) (coleoptera), ovarian ce ... | 2012 | 23589218 |
| avian conservation practices strengthen ecosystem services in california vineyards. | insectivorous western bluebirds (sialia mexicana) occupy vineyard nest boxes established by california winegrape growers who want to encourage avian conservation. experimentally, the provision of available nest sites serves as an alternative to exclosure methods for isolating the potential ecosystem services provided by foraging birds. we compared the abundance and species richness of avian foragers and removal rates of sentinel prey in treatments with songbird nest boxes and controls without ne ... | 2011 | 22096555 |
| plasmatocyte-spreading peptide influences hemocyte behavior via eicosanoids. | hemocyte-spreading behavior is required for expressing a cellular immune response, nodulation, which clears the vast majority of invading microbes from circulation. the nodulation response is completed by a layer of plasmatocytes, which spread over the nodule and initiate a malanization process leading to darkened nodules. plasmatocyte-spreading peptide (psp), the first reported insect cytokine, is responsible for mediating the spreading and attachment of some subclasses of plasmatocytes to nodu ... | 2011 | 22006534 |
| long-term effects of methoxyfenozide on the adult reproductive processes and longevity of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the long-term effects of methoxyfenozide on the longevity and reproductive processes of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), adults were assessed after exposure by ingestion. methoxyfenozide significantly reduced adult male longevity compared with females by 1.1 and 1.5 d at 75 and 150 mg (ai)/liter, respectively. fecundity decreased by >60% with both concentrations at 72 and 96 h after treatment, but at 48 h, no significant effect was observed. the carbohydrate, p ... | 2011 | 21882687 |
| pge(2) induces oenocytoid cell lysis via a g protein-coupled receptor in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | eicosanoids mediate cellular and humoral immune responses in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, including activation of prophenoloxidase (ppo). ppo activation begins with release of its inactive zymogen, ppo, from oenocytoids in response to prostaglandins (pgs). based on the biomedical literature, we hypothesized that pgs exert their actions via specific g protein-coupled receptor(s) in s. exigua. this study reports a g protein-coupled receptor (se-hcpggpcr1) gene, which is expressed in the h ... | 2011 | 21867708 |
| rna interference of β1 integrin subunit impairs development and immune responses of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | integrin is a cell surface protein that is composed of α and β heterodimer and mediates cell interaction with extracellular matrix or other cells including microbial pathogens. a full length cdna sequence (2862 bp) of a β1 subunit integrin (βse1) was cloned from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. phylogenetic analysis showed that βse1 was clustered with other insect β integrin subunits with the highest amino acid sequence identity (98.3%) to β1 of spodoptera litura. structural analysis of the ... | 2011 | 21856307 |
| assessment of resistance risk in spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to chlorantraniliprole. | beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a major pest of numerous cultivated crops. chlorantraniliprole, the first commercialised ryanodine receptor insecticide from the anthranilic diamide class, has exceptional insecticidal activity on a range of lepidopteran pests. the aim of this study was to assess the resistance of s. exigua to chlorantraniliprole in the laboratory. | 2011 | 21594963 |
| combined effect of nucleopolyhedrovirus and microplitis pallidipes for the control of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | nucleopolyhedrovirus (senpv) and microplitis pallidipes are important biological control agents of spodoptera exigua populations. the interactions between these agents and their combined effect on pest control were investigated in the laboratory and in commercial greenhouses. | 2011 | 21360644 |
| role of a small g protein ras in cellular immune response of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | insect cellular immune responses accompany cytoskeletal rearrangement of hemocytes to exhibit filopodial and pseudopodial extension of their cytoplasm. small g proteins are postulated to be implicated in the hemocyte cellular processes to perform phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation behaviors. a small g protein ras gene (se-ras) was cloned from cdnas prepared from hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. the open reading frame of se-ras encoded 179 amino acids with a predicted m ... | 2011 | 21167168 |
| an immunological role of a pkc alpha binding protein (pick1) expressed in the hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | protein kinase c (pkc) regulates various intracellular processes and its activity is tightly controlled by various factors, such as secondary messengers and binding proteins. a cdna of a pkc alpha binding protein (also called pick1: protein interacting with c kinase 1) was cloned in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (noctuidae: lepidoptera). it encodes 475 amino acid residues with putative pdz and bar domains interacting with other proteins or ligands. the pick1 gene of s. exigua ... | 2011 | 21122821 |
| responses of three successive generations of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, fed exclusively on different levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an important pest of numerous crops, and it causes economic damage in china. use of secondary metabolic compounds in plants is an important method used to control this insect as a part of integrated pest management. in this study the growth, development, and food utilization of three successive generations of s. exigua fed on three cotton gossypol cultivars were examined. significantly longer larval life-spans were observ ... | 2010 | 21067414 |
| molecular, biochemical, and organismal analyses of tomato plants simultaneously attacked by herbivores from two feeding guilds. | previous work identified aphids and caterpillars as having distinct effects on plant responses to herbivory. we sought to decipher these interactions across different levels of biological organization, i.e., molecular, biochemical, and organismal, with tomato plants either damaged by one 3rd-instar beet armyworm caterpillar (spodoptera exigua), damaged by 40 adult potato aphids (macrosiphum euphorbiae), simultaneous damaged by both herbivores, or left undamaged (controls). after placing insects ... | 2010 | 20820890 |
| diet-specific salivary gene expression and glucose oxidase activity in spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | saliva secreted during caterpillar feeding contains enzymes to initiate digestion or detoxify noxious plant compounds. activity of some salivary enzymes is diet-dependent and may be transcriptionally regulated. in this study, cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism was used to identify beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner, labial salivary genes that are differentially expressed in response to diet. in addition, segox was sequenced based on homology and characterized to confirm that the tr ... | 2010 | 20688075 |
| expression of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide and its receptor (pbanr) mrna in adult female spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the full-length cdna of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (pbanr) was cloned from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); it included an open reading frame of 1,053 bp encoding 350 amino acids. the pbanr of s. exigua (sepbanr) was structurally characteristic of g protein-coupled receptor and its amino acid sequence shared 98% identity with the pbanr of spodoptera littoralis. both pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) and pbanr ... | 2010 | 20665850 |
| sex pheromone of the spanish population of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. | the pheromone composition of the spanish population of the beet armyworm (baw), spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae), was identified. analysis of female gland extracts showed the presence of compounds z9,e12-14:ac (1), z9-14:ac (2), z11-16:ac (3), z9,e12-14:oh (4), z9-14:oh (5), and z11-16:oh (6) in a ratio of 26:11:1:22:31:9. the amount of compound per gland ranged from 2.08 ng for 5 to 0.09 ng for 3. however, analysis of female volatiles by spme revealed only the presence of compounds, 1 ... | 2010 | 20571896 |
| toxicity and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the toxicity and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide were evaluated in third instars of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), that fed on contaminated semisynthetic diet. the lc50 value was estimated at 0.23 mg of active ingredient (ai) /kg diet (range, 95% ci: 0.17-0.37) at 264 h after treatment. the effects on development, survival, and reproduction were observed in third instars of this pest that survived exposure to an lc25 concentration of methoxyfenozide. ... | 2010 | 20568611 |
| juvenile hormone analog technology: effects on larval cannibalism and the production of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the production of a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), has been markedly increased by using juvenile hormone analog (jha) technology to generate a supernumerary sixth instar in the species. in the current study we compared the incidence of cannibalism in s. exigua fifth and sixth instars reared at low (two larvae per dish) and a high density (10 larvae per dish). the incidence of cannibalism was significantly higher i ... | 2010 | 20568601 |
| relationship of flight and reproduction in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a migrant lacking the oogenesis-flight syndrome. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, undertakes long-distance migration. we used flight mills to investigate the interaction between flight and reproduction in this species given the apparent absence of the oogenesis-flight syndrome. this syndrome, common in many migratory insects, is characterized by a suite of traits including migration during the pre-oviposition period followed by a switch to oogenesis. no negative effects of inter-ovipositional flight on lifetime fecundity were observed. in ... | 2010 | 20561527 |
| temporal allocation of metabolic tolerance in the body of beet armyworm in response to three gossypol-cotton cultivars. | the nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), fed on high, medium or low gossypol cotton cultivars were examined at different time intervals. significantly lower free fatty acid was observed in larvae fed for 6 h on high gossypol 'm9101' compared to larvae fed on the low (zms13) and intermediate (hz401) gossypol cultivars. significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in larvae fed on high gossypol 'm9101' for 24 h compared to tho ... | 2009 | 20016971 |
| up-regulation of circulating hemocyte population in response to bacterial challenge is mediated by octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine via rac1 signal in spodoptera exigua. | bacterial challenge induced a significant increase in the total hemocyte population within 4h in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) are known to play critical roles in mediating insect immune responses. this study analyzed the effects of both biogenic monoamines on mediating up-regulation of circulating hemocyte population in response to bacterial challenge. injection of either octopamine or 5-ht induced a significant increase in the total hemocyte co ... | 2010 | 19961854 |
| tea, coffee, and cocoa as ultraviolet radiation protectants for the beet armyworm nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the addition of 1% (wt:vol) aqueous extracts of cocoa (theobroma cacao l.) (malvales: malvaceae), coffee (coffea arabica l.) (gentianales: rubiaceae), and green and black tea (camellia sinensis l.) (ericales: theaceae) provided excellent uv radiation protection for the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), nucleopolyhedrovirus under laboratory conditions. aqueous extracts of coffee, green tea, and black tea at 0.5% provided 85-100% uv protection, whereas cocoa provi ... | 2009 | 19886440 |
| various eicosanoids modulate the cellular and humoral immune responses of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | cyclooxygenase (cox) and lipoxygenase (lox) can catalyze the oxidation of c20 fatty acids to produce certain eicosanoids, which play roles in mediating immune responses in insects. despite their critical role in insect immunity, there have been few studies of the unique effects of different eicosanoids on immune responses. this study analyzed cellular and humoral immune responses of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, using seven eicosanoids selected from two major eicosanoid subgroups: prosta ... | 2009 | 19734670 |
| inheritance, fitness cost and mechanism of resistance to tebufenozide in spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | tebufenozide has been used as a key insecticide for controlling beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner). to evaluate the risk of resistance evolution and to develop a better resistance management strategy, a field-collected population was selected with tebufenozide in the laboratory. thereafter, the inheritance and fitness cost of tebufenozide resistance in s. exigua were investigated. | 2009 | 19459181 |
| octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine mediate hemocytic phagocytosis and nodule formation via eicosanoids in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | octopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) have been known to mediate cellular immune responses, such as hemocytic phagocytosis and nodule formation, during bacterial invasion in some insects. in addition, eicosanoids also mediate these cellular immune reactions in various insects, resulting in clearing the bacteria circulating in the hemolymph. this study investigated a hypothesis on signal cross-talk between both types of immune mediators in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, which had been ... | 2009 | 19140126 |
| defensive role of tomato polyphenol oxidases against cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) and beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua). | tomato (solanum lycopersicum) polyphenol oxidases (ppos), enzymes that oxidize phenolics to quinones, have been implicated in plant resistance to insects. the role of ppo in resistance to cotton bollworm [helicoverpa armigera (hübner)] and beet armyworm [spodoptera exigua (hübner)] (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was evaluated. consumption, weight gains, and mortality of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tomato lines overexpressing ppo (op lines) and of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tom ... | 2009 | 19050959 |
| cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization. | plants respond to insect herbivory by producing dynamic changes in an array of defense-related volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites. a scaled response relative to herbivory levels and nutrient availability would be adaptive, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, in minimizing the costs of expressed defensive pathways and synthesis. in this study, we investigated effects of varying nitrogen (n) fertilization (42, 112, 196, and 280 ppm n) on levels of cotton plant (gossypium hi ... | 2008 | 19020938 |
| disruption of spodoptera exigua larval development by silencing chitin synthase gene a with rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) is a powerful tool for rapidly analyzing gene functions. however, little is known about the possible use of dsrna/sirna as a pest control method. here, we demonstrate that dsrna/sirna can induce the silence of chitin synthase gene a (chsa), which is an important gene for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. based on the in vitro rnai experiments in an insect cell line (trichoplusia ni high 5), in vivo rnai was performed b ... | 2008 | 18662430 |
| the toxicity and physiological effect of goniothalamin, a styryl-pyrone, on the generalist herbivore, spodoptera exigua hübner. | efficacy of goniothalamin a styryl-pyrone isolated from goniothalamus wightii hook.f. and thoms, against beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), populations was determined under laboratory condition. the experiments were carried out with concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 30 ppm in an artificial diet and compared with control insects. laboratory bioassay showed that the goniothalamin had a strong effect on food utilization, moulting and gut histology. the food consumption and conversion of inges ... | 2008 | 18499224 |
| reproduction-flight relationship in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | to evaluate the relationship between reproduction and migratory flight, we examined ovaries, tethered flight, and egg laying in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner). ovarian development in female s. exigua was classified into five stages in relation to the postemergence age of the moths. oviposition peaked at ovarian stages iii and iv. mating accelerated ovarian development in this species, and thus the mated females developed faster than the virgin moths in ovaries. in virgin adults, f ... | 2008 | 18419909 |
| monitoring of beet armyworm resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide in mexico. | resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide has been studied in several insect pests, but there is a lack of information on spodoptera exigua (hübner) in mexico. therefore, evidence for the development of resistance in this pest to both compounds was examined. the effects of methoxyfenozide on reproductive parameters of s. exigua adults were also determined. | 2008 | 18418831 |
| acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase activity in beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) exposed to nickel and/or diazinon. | the effect of single and combined action of nickel and pesticide (diazinon) on enzymes activity (glutathione s-transferase, catalase and acetylcholinesterase) in the digestive tract, body wall and fat body as well as basic growth parameters (life span and body mass) of spodoptera exigua were investigated under laboratory conditions. the experiment was carried out on two nickel treated groups [300 (nii) and 900 (niii) mg ni kg(-1) dry weight of the culture medium] and a control group. the results ... | 2008 | 18401943 |
| selection for resistance to methoxyfenozide and 20-hydroxyecdysone in cells of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | in this report with an ecdysteroid-responsive cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (se4) selection for resistance against methoxyfenozide and the insect moulting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20e) was carried out to analyze the resulting resistant cells in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of resistance towards these compounds. from these cultures, five methoxyfenozide- and four 20e-resistant subclones were selected starting from 0.1 nm methoxyfenozide up to 100 microm and from ... | 2008 | 18044724 |
| influence of dietary nutritional composition on caterpillar salivary enzyme activity. | caterpillars are faced with nutritional challenges when feeding on plants. in addition to harmful secondary metabolites and protein- and water-limitations, tissues may be carbohydrate-rich which may attenuate optimal caterpillar performance. therefore, caterpillars have multiple strategies to cope with surplus carbohydrates. in this study, we raise the possibility of a pre-ingestive mechanism to metabolically deal with excess dietary sugars. many noctuid caterpillars secrete the labial salivary ... | 2008 | 17997409 |
| molecular characterization and developmental expression of the gene encoding the prothoracicotropic hormone in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth), a neuropeptide hormone stimulating the prothoracic glands to synthesize ecdysone, plays an important role in regulating postembryonic development in insects. the cdna encoding ptth was isolated and sequenced from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (spe). the deduced amino acid sequence is composed of a signal peptide, a peptide (65 amino acids) of unknown function, and a mature ptth molecule (111 amino acids). the spe-ptth shows similarities (45.5%-70.3%) to ... | 2007 | 17653666 |
| transient expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases encoded in cotesia plutellae bracovirus inhibits insect cellular immune responses. | several immunosuppressive factors are associated with parasitism of an endoparasitoid wasp, cotesia plutellae, on the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. c. plutellae bracovirus (cpbv) encodes a large number of putative protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps), which may play a role in inhibiting host cellular immunity. to address this inhibitory hypothesis of cpbv-ptps, we performed transient expression of individual cpbv-ptps in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and analyzed th ... | 2008 | 17646950 |
| the class a chitin synthase gene of spodoptera exigua: molecular cloning and expression patterns. | chitin synthase (chs) is an important enzymatic component required for chitin formation in the cuticles and cuticular linings of other tissues. in the present study, a new chs gene was characterized from the beet army worm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (se). homologous alignment and phylogenetic analysis of s. exigua chs (sechs) with other related proteins suggest that sechs belongs to the class a chs family (sechsa). northern blot analysis revealed that sechsa is transcribed preferentially in the ... | 2007 | 17456436 |
| molecular characterization of two pheromone binding proteins and quantitative analysis of their expression in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner. | pheromone binding proteins (pbp) play an important role in insect pheromone communication. however, the pbp for the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), an important agricultural pest worldwide, remains unaddressed. we report the cloning of two pbp genes, sexigpbp1 and sexigpbp2, from the antennal cdna of s. exigua by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends-pcr (race-pcr). the deduced pbp amino acid sequences are ... | 2007 | 17393279 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | diapause hormone (dh) and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban), two important insect neuropeptides, regulate insect development and sex pheromone biosynthesis, respectively. dh-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the suboesophageal ganglion (sg) of pharate adult of spodoptera exigua (spe) by using an antiserum against helicoverpa armigera dh. a full-length of spe-dh-pban cdna was obtained based on reverse transcription-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends strategies. ... | 2007 | 17364826 |
| cryopreservation of the late stage embryos of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | genetic devolution, genetic drift and contamination are all threats to maintain germplasm stability during mass rearing of many insects. cryopreservation of beet armworm (spodoptera exigua) embryos was studied to provide information to improve mass rearing. a series of experiments was conducted on late-stage embryos (45-48 h at 27 degree c) of the beet armyworm, which included evaluation of cryoprotectants (cpas), their toxicity and glass-forming tendency and optimization of experimental procedu ... | 2013 | 17256068 |
| host plant resistance in romaine lettuce affects feeding behavior and biology of trichoplusia ni and spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | lettuce quality and yield can be reduced by feeding of several lepidopterous pests, particularly cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), and beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). host plant resistance to these insects is an environmentally sound adjunct to conventional chemical control. in this study we compared the survival, development, and feeding behavior of cabbage looper and beet armyworm on two romaine lettuce cultivars, resistant 'valmaine' and susceptible ... | 2006 | 17195688 |
| caterpillar herbivory and salivary enzymes decrease transcript levels of medicago truncatula genes encoding early enzymes in terpenoid biosynthesis. | in response to caterpillar herbivory, alfalfa and related plant species defend themselves through the induction of saponin and volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. both these types of defensive compounds are derived from the metabolic intermediate, isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp). in plants, two distinct biosynthetic pathways can generate ipp; the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the plastid-associated 2c-methyl erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. in medicago truncatula, transcript levels of key reg ... | 2006 | 16525889 |
| effect of aging on pheromone emission from a commercial beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) lure and trap efficiency. | the effect of aging on a commercial pheromone-based lure for attractiveness to male adult beet armyworms, spodoptera exigua (hübner), was assessed in terms of trapping efficiency and volatile emissions of two key components: (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. in field assays conducted in the lower rio grande valley, texas, for 9 wk (june-august 2000) and for 8 wk (march-may) in tamaulipas, mexico, 0-1-wk-old lures collected greater than four-fold more male beet armywor ... | 2005 | 15889726 |
| maize genes induced by herbivory and volicitin. | in crop plants, both mechanical damage and insect attack trigger rapid changes in gene transcription. we investigated whether insect herbivory differs from a general wound response, and if so, is the induction specific to the pest/host plant interaction? herbivory by beet armyworm (baw; spodoptera exigua) caterpillars on maize results in a unique pattern of volatile compounds not triggered by wounding alone that attracts the generalist parasitoid cotesia marginiventris. caterpillar-induced volat ... | 2004 | 15724970 |
| selenium biotransformations in an insect ecosystem: effects of insects on phytoremediation. | phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated soils may be influenced by higher trophic levels including insects. we examined how selenium affects the behavior, survival, and development of the wasp parasitoid cotesia marginiventris, parasitizing its natural host, the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, feeding on alfalfa, medicago sativa, irrigated with water containing selenate. x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify the selenium chemical forms in each trophic level. alfalfa partially tra ... | 2004 | 15296308 |
| effect of pubescence tip on soybean resistance to lepidopteran insects. | dna marker analysis has mapped a quantitative trait locus for soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., resistance to the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), on the usda soybean genetic linkage map near the classical gene pb, which conditions pubescence tip. this study was initiated to determine the effect of pubescence tip on resistance to h. zea larvae and to examine the effect on beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and soybean looper, pseudo ... | 2004 | 15154491 |
| action of major insecticide groups on insect cell lines of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, compared with larvicidal toxicity. | in a first series of experiments, the biological response of a continuous cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was tested with different groups of insecticides with different modes of actions: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, acetycholine receptor agonists, inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, site i electron transport inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor inhibitors, chitin synthesis inhibitors, and juvenile hormone analogues. from the concentration respo ... | 2006 | 14753848 |
| a plasma membrane protein from zea mays binds with the herbivore elicitor volicitin. | volicitin (17-hydroxylinolenoyl-l-gln) present in the regurgitant of spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm caterpillars) activates the emission of volatile organic compounds (vocs) when in contact with damaged zea mays cv delprim (maize) leaves. voc emissions in turn serve as a signaling defense for the plant by attracting female parasitic wasps that prey on herbivore larvae. a tritiated form of volicitin was synthesized and shown to induce volatiles in the same fashion as the biological form. [(3)h] ... | 2004 | 14729912 |
| in situ translocation of volicitin by beet armyworm larvae to maize and systemic immobility of the herbivore elicitor in planta. | volicitin (n-[17-hydroxylinolenoyl]-l glutamine) present in the regurgitant of beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) activates the emissions of volatile organic compounds (vocs) when in contact with damaged corn (zea mays l.) leaves. voc emission in turn serves as a signaling defense for the plant by attracting female parasitic wasps that prey on herbivore larvae. chemical tracking of volicitin within plants has yet to be reported. here we present biochemical data that beet armyworm regurgitant serv ... | 2004 | 14685859 |
| toxicity and kinetics of methoxyfenozide in greenhouse-selected spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | methoxyfenozide (rh-2485) was found to be 7.5-fold less toxic in terms of ld50 values against last-instar larvae of a greenhouse-selected strain of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) that was collected in july 2001 in an experimental greenhouse for resistance at murcia in southern spain, in comparison with a laboratory susceptible strain. to date, the compound is the newest member of this new group of moulting hormone accelerating igrs to reach the marketplace against lepidoptera. to u ... | 2003 | 14620046 |
| effects of drought stressed cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., on beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), oviposition, and larval feeding preferences and growth. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), has been anecdotally reported to oviposit more on drought stressed than on nonstressed cotton plants. using potted cotton plants in cages, this study demonstrated that beet armyworms deposited 3.3, 4.6, and 2.3 times more (p < or = 0.05) eggs on cotton plants that were grown on 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk, respectively, than on cotton plants grown in well watered (4000 ml water/wk) soil. third instars, however, showed no preference for stressed ... | 2003 | 14584672 |
| the respiration rate of the beet armyworm pupae (spodoptera exigua) after multi-generation intoxication with cadmium and zinc. | the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) were fed on artificial food contaminated with zinc (200 mg kg(-1) dry mass) or cadmium (66 mg kg(-1) dry mass) for 15 generations. in 15th generation, o2 output and co2 production of pupae were measured. exposure to cadmium did not cause any effects whilst exposure to zinc led to a significant increase in the respiration rate of pupae. the average respiratory quotient (rq) did not differ between treatments (ca. 0.7). | 2003 | 12860096 |
| physiological response of colorado potato beetle and beet armyworm larvae to depletion of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors in transgenic potato plants. | larvae of colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata, and beet armyworm (baw), spodoptera exigua, reared on potato plants in which wound-induced accumulation of proteinase inhibitors (pis) was largely reduced through antisense-mediated depletion of a specific lipoxygenase (lox h3) had significantly larger weight gains than those fed on non-transformed plants. the midgut endoproteolytic activities of cpb larvae fed on non-transformed potato were significantly higher than those from l ... | 2001 | 12770181 |
| [effects of mating experience and temperature on sex pheromone production of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua]. | mating experience could not affect the production of sex pheromone in the female glands 24 h later, which meant that the beet armyworm females might call and mate again in next scotophase. this result explained the phenomenon why the beet armyworm could mate several times in their life under field conditions. on the contrary, ambient temperature greatly influenced the pheromone biosynthesis in the beet armyworm females. the optimal temperature for the biosynthesis of sex pheromone was between 15 ... | 2002 | 12682971 |
| synergistic interactions between volicitin, jasmonic acid and ethylene mediate insect-induced volatile emission in zea mays. | plants display differential responses following mechanical damage and insect herbivory. both caterpillar attack and the application of caterpillar oral secretions (os) to wounded leaves stimulates volatile emission above mechanical damage alone. volicitin (n-17-hydroxylinolenoyl-l-glutamine), present in beet armyworm (baw, spodoptera exigua) os, is a powerful elicitor of volatiles in excised maize seedlings (zea mays cv. delprim). we consider some of the mechanistic differences between wounding ... | 2003 | 12654041 |
| quantitative relationships between induced jasmonic acid levels and volatile emission in zea mays during spodoptera exigua herbivory. | jasmonic acid (ja) has long been hypothesized to be an important regulator of insect-induced volatile emission; however, current models are based primarily on circumstantial evidence derived from pharmacological studies. using beet armyworm caterpillars (baw: spodoptera exigua) and intact corn seedlings, we examine this hypothesis by measuring both the time-course of insect-induced ja levels and the relationships between endogenous ja levels, ethylene, indole and sesquiterpenes. in separate morn ... | 2003 | 12569409 |
| evaluation of atriplex lines for selenium accumulation, salt tolerance and suitability for a key agricultural insect pest. | thirty atriplex lines were examined for potential habitat improvement and phytoremediation of selenium (se) contaminated sites. studies were conducted to determine the biomass production, se accumulation, and resistance of each line to the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, an agriculturally important insect. plants were tested using three salinity treatments: (1) control, no se; (2) nacl and cacl2 salts and 1 mg l(-1) se (12.7 microm) added as sodium selenate; and (3) iso-osmotic to treatment 2 ... | 2002 | 12395860 |
| pro-active management of beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) resistance to tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide: baseline monitoring, risk assessment, and isolation of resistance. | susceptibility to tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide of beet armyworm [spodoptera exigua (hübner)] from the southern united states and thailand was determined through exposure of first and third instars to dipped cotton leaves. among the field populations evaluated, tebufenozide lc50 values for first and third instars, respectively, ranged from 0.377 to 4.41 and 4.37-46.6 microg (ai) /ml of solution. methoxyfenozide lc50 values for first and third instars of field populations ranged from 0.058 to ... | 2002 | 12020022 |
| relative effects of ultraviolet and visible light on the activities of corn earworm and beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses. | five different combinations of fluorescent tubes (uv-b/uv-b, uv-b/uv-a, uv-a/ uv-a, uv-b/white, white/white) were used to determine relative effects of uv and visible light on the nucleopolyhedroviruses (npv) of helicoverpa zea and spodoptera exigua. for both viruses, the greatest inactivation occurred with exposure to uv-b radiation. both virus concentration and radiation exposure time influenced the rate and degree of inactivation. in the case of the uv-a/uv-a and white/white combinations inac ... | 2002 | 12019999 |
| quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators: xix. effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. | larvicidal activity against the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), was measured after topical treatment for a series of n-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents in the benzoyl (a-ring) moiety closer to the tert-butyl group, the other benzoyl (b-ring) moiety being unsubstituted. the effects of substituents on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using the classical quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) procedure. introduction of hydrophobic substituents ... | 2002 | 11852637 |
| the influence of intact-plant and excised-leaf bioassay designs on volicitin- and jasmonic acid-induced sesquiterpene volatile release in zea mays. | induced plant responses to insect attack include the release of volatile chemicals. these volatiles are used as host-location signals by foraging parasitoids, which are natural enemies of insect herbivores. a plant's response to herbivory can be influenced by factors present in insect oral secretions. volicitin (n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine), identified in beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) oral secretions, stimulates volatile release in corn (zea mays l.) seedlings in a manner similar to ... | 2001 | 11800380 |
| spodoptera exigua oviposition and larval feeding preferences for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus, over squaring cotton, gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), can utilize a number of different host plants for oviposition and larval development, but some host plants are preferred over others. this study, using cage choice tests and olfactometer assays, demonstrates the beet armyworm's preference for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus l., over cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. cage and olfactometer choice assays indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host selection by ovipositing females. first instars e ... | 2001 | 11710608 |
| sesquiterpene carboxylic acids from a wild tomato species affect larval feeding behavior and survival of helicoverpa zea and spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the sesquiterpene carboxylic acids (sca), (+)-(e)-alpha-santalen-12-oic, (-)-(e)-endo-alpha-bergamoten-12-oic, and (+)-(e)-endo-beta-bergamoten-12-oic acid, are produced in glandular trichomes of lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum humb. & bonpl. accession (la) 1777, which is highly resistant to a range of pests of cultivated tomatoes. l. esculentum mill. exposure of the larvae of two key tomato pests, tomato fruitworm [helicoverpa zea (boddie)] and beet armyworm [spodoptera exigua (hübner)], to th ... | 2001 | 11681691 |
| spodoptera exigua: mating disruption, measurement of airborne concentration of pheromone, and use of specialist receptor cell responses for comparison to female pheromone emission. | field experiments were conducted to evaluate shin-etsu yoto-con-s 'rope' pheromone dispensers applied at different site densities in cotton to determine efficacy in disrupting sexual communication and mating of beet armyworm moths, spodoptera exigua (hübner); obtain atmospheric measurements of the disruptant pheromone components in and away from treated areas; and relate this information to estimates of the concentration of pheromone in the near vicinity of a calling virgin female moth. the numb ... | 2001 | 11495024 |
| an insensitive acetylcholinesterase confers resistance to methomyl in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | two forms of acetylcholinesterase were identified in field populations of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), collected from cotton in san joaquin valley, ca. strains (bess and bkrr) homogeneous for each variant were isolated and their relative susceptibilities to methomyl, chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos-oxon assessed by topical application bioassay. in comparisons with a laboratory susceptible strain (dow), bkrr and bess expressed 68-fold and sevenfold resistance, respectively, to th ... | 2001 | 11332849 |
| a maize sesquiterpene cyclase gene induced by insect herbivory and volicitin: characterization of wild-type and mutant alleles. | plants can defend themselves from herbivorous insects by emitting volatile chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. for example, maize seedlings attacked by beet armyworm larvae (spodoptera exigua) produce a mixture of terpenoid and indole volatiles that serve to attract parasitic wasps. a key step in terpenoid biosynthesis is the conversion of acyclic prenyl diphosphates to terpenoid compounds by specific terpenoid synthases (cyclases). we have cloned a maize sesquiterpen ... | 2000 | 11106370 |
| alkylfurans: effects of alkyl side-chain length on insecticidal activity. | the insecticidal activity of five alkylfurans against the generalist insect herbivore beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was examined. two naturally occurring compounds, the avocadofurans 2-(pentadecyl)furan (1) and 2-(heptadecyl)furan (2), previously isolated from specialized avocado idioblast oil cells, and three homologues, 2-(tetradecyl)furan (3), 2-(hexadecyl)furan (4), and 2-(octadecyl)furan (5), were synthesized. bioassays of alkylfurans 1-5 using a 9-day diet-incorporation initiated with ... | 1999 | 9917319 |
| isolation, identification, and biological activity of isopersin, a new compound from avocado idioblast oil cells | a new compound, (12z,15z)-1-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-12,15-dien-2-yl acetate, isopersin (2), has been isolated from avocado idioblast oil cells. in artificial diet bioassays, 2 showed no effects on either larval survivorship or growth of early-instar beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. in contrast, the isomeric persin (1), (12z, 15z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-12,15-diene, reduces larval growth at equivalent concentrations (500 &mgr;g g-1). compound 2 is not very stable and isomerizes readi ... | 1998 | 9748393 |
| agelastatins c and d, new pentacyclic bromopyrroles from the sponge cymbastela sp., and potent arthropod toxicity of (-)-agelastatin a. | two new agelastatins, c (3) and d (4), along with the known compound (-)-agelastatin a (1), were isolated from the indian ocean sponge cymbastela sp. the structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical correlation of 4 with a common derivative 5, also prepared from 1. agelastatin a (1) exhibited potent activity against brine shrimp (lc50 1.7 ppm) in addition to insecticidal activity against larvae of beet army worm, spodoptera exigua, and corn rootworm, diabrotica undec ... | 1998 | 9461668 |
| de novo biosynthesis of volatiles induced by insect herbivory in cotton plants. | in response to insect feeding on the leaves, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants release elevated levels of volatiles, which can serve as a chemical signal that attracts natural enemies of the herbivore to the damaged plant. pulse-labeling experiments with [13c]co2 demonstrated that many of the volatiles released, including the acyclic terpenes (e,e)-[alpha]-farnesene, (e)-[beta]-farnesene, (e)-[beta]-ocimene, linalool, (e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (e/e)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tri ... | 1997 | 12223763 |
| exogenous jasmonates simulate insect wounding in tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum) in the laboratory and field. | wounding increases the levels and activities of several defense-related proteins in the foliage of the tomato plant,lycopersicon esculentum mill. evidence indicates that two of these responses, the systemic increases in polyphenol oxidase and proteinase inhibitors, are regulated by an octadecanoid-based signalling pathway which includes the wound hormone, jasmonic acid. it is not known whether other responses to wounding are also regulated by this same signalling pathway. in this paper, we show ... | 1996 | 24227107 |
| plaque assay for spodoptera exigua and autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses in a newly established cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of spodoptera exigua (senpv) and autographa californica (acnpv) produced plaques in a newly established cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. plaques were composed of infected cells containing many polyhedra and were visible without any staining procedure. dose-response assays showed a direct correlation between the number of plaques and the inoculum size. growth kinetic studies of the two viruses, using the developed plaque assay system, revealed th ... | 1994 | 7726004 |
| selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects. | the role of the alkyl terminus of green leaf volatile (glv) molecules in olfactory reception and inactivation was examined in three diverse insect species: the beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera); the colorado potato beetle,leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera); and the desert locust,schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), using selectively fluorinated analogs of glvs and electroantennograms (eags). when only the magnitude of the depolarization of the eag is considered (a measure of recep ... | 1993 | 24249373 |
| quantification of insect growth and its use in screening of naturally occurring insect control agents. | in studies of the effects of allelochemicals or other factors on the development of different insect species, comparison of growth-inhibiting activities is difficult using the parameters currently employed. we introduce two new parameters, growth index (gi) and relative growth index (rgi), which can unify the quantification of insect development. this quantification can also eliminate the effects of different growth characteristics due to the genetic differences between insect species. by measur ... | 1993 | 24249129 |
| an elicitor in caterpillar oral secretions that induces corn seedlings to emit chemical signals attractive to parasitic wasps. | regurgitate of corn-fed beet armyworm (baw) caterpillars,spodoptera exigua, when applied to damaged sites of corn (zea mays) seedlings, causes the release of relatively large amounts of terpenes by the seedlings several hours later. this plant response could be induced by merely placing the cut stem of seedlings in a solution of baw regurgitate for 12 hr, a response that could not be induced by placing seedlings in water only. regurgitate of baw fed various diets, including a minimal diet of fil ... | 1993 | 24248945 |
| the galactose binding lectin from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua: distribution and site of synthesis. | the spodoptera exigua galactose binding lectin, extracted from hemolymph by affinity chromatography, was comprised of large molecular weight aggregates (100-700 kda). sds-page of this lectin preparation revealed it to contain 2 subunits of 33.2 and 34.4 kda in equimolar concentrations. these subunits had similar amino acid profiles, possessed identical n-terminal sequences and reacted equally to a bank of antilectin monoclonal antibodies. by staining western blots with various lectin conjugate p ... | 1993 | 8485522 |
| detrimental effects ofcinchona leaf alkaloids on larvae of the polyphagous insectspodoptera exigua. | youngcinchona ledgeriana plants contain two types of alkaloid: indole alkaloids in the leaves and quinoline alkaloids in the root. fromcinchona leaves, a crude alkaloid extract was made, containing the cinchophylline type of indole alkaloids and a small amount of 5-methoxytryptamine. the leaf alkaloid extract exerted a strong detrimental effect on the growth of larvae of the polyphagous beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera). feeding of larvae on an artificial diet containing the leaf alk ... | 1992 | 24254775 |
| analysis and field evaluation of volatile blend emitted by calling virgin females of beet armyworm moth,spodoptera exigua (hübner). | the volatile blend emitted by calling virgin beet armyworm females was collected and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. five compounds were detected and identified in this blend: (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol, (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (z,z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate. they were emitted in a ratio of 47.9 ∶4.0∶40.2 ∶6.5 ∶ 1.7, respectively. this five-component blend and several other blends with one or m ... | 1990 | 24263438 |
| the influence of dietaryβ-carboline alkaloids on growth rate, food consumption, and food utilization of larvae ofspodoptera exigua (hubner). | β-carboline alkaloids are found worldwide in many plant families. harman, harmine, and other simple β-carboline alkaloids were tested for activity against a generalist phytophagous insect, the beet army worm [spodoptera exigua (hubner)]. chronic dietary exposure tests (neonate to pupa) reveal potent antifeedant and possible toxic effects. acute dietary exposure tests on fifth-instar larvae also demonstrate antifeedant activity. | 1988 | 24275994 |
| influence ofamaranthus hybridus l. allelochemics on oviposition behavior ofspodoptera exigua ands. eridania (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | common pigweed,amaranthus hybridus l., is a favorite host of the beet army worm (baw),spodoptera exigua l. chemicals extracted from homogenized pigweed with distilled water, ethanol, or dichloromethane and sprayed back on pigweed deterred oviposition by the baw. similarly, water extracts of frass from conspecific larvae or southern armyworm (saw) larvae,s. eridania (cramer), fed pigweed leaves and sprayed back on pigweed plants also deterred baw oviposition, thus confirming that deterrence was d ... | 1985 | 24310126 |
| spodoptera exigua: capture of feral males in traps baited with blends of pheromone components. | field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (baw),spodoptera exigua (hübner). the compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withamaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (z9,e12-14∶ac) and 0.01 mg(z)-9-tetrad ... | 1983 | 24408622 |
| relative efficiency of sticky and cylindrical electrical grid traps in capturingspodoptera exigua. | the relative efficiency of sticky traps and cylindrical electrical grid traps for capturing male beet armyworm moths,spodoptera exigua (hubner), was studied using night vision equipment. the sticky and grid traps captured 34 and 40%, respectively, of the insects which oriented to them. the grid trap's capacity was limited only by the size of the receptacle (3.8-liter bucket) at the base of the funnel. the maximum capacity of the sticky trap was ca. 110 insects, and the efficiency of this trap de ... | 1981 | 24420687 |
| intraperitoneal injection of white mice with nucleopolyhedrosis virus of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | | 1971 | 5581814 |
| content of nucleic acid in intact nuclear polyhedral bodies isolated from virus-infected beet armyworms, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | | 1966 | 5939395 |
| mtase domain of dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus vp3 mediates virion attachment and interacts with host alp protein. | dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus (dpcpv) is an important pathogen of d. punctatus, but little is known about the mechanisms of dpcpv infection. here, we investigated the effects of vp3, vp4 and vp5 structural proteins on the viral invasion. both the c-terminal of vp3 (methyltransferase (mtase) domain) and vp4 (a-spike) bound to spodoptera exigua midgut brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) in a dose-dependent manner, and the binding was inhibited by purified dpcpv virions. importantly, anti-mtas ... | 2017 | 28368302 |
| p143 proteins from heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses induce apoptosis in bm-n cells derived from the silkworm bombyx mori. | we previously demonstrated that ribosomal rna (rrna) of bombyx mori bm-n cells is rapidly degraded upon infection with heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs), including autographa californica multiple npv (acmnpv), hyphantria cunea mnpv, spodoptera exigua mnpv and s. litura mnpv, and that this response is triggered by viral p143 proteins. the transient expression of p143 proteins from heterologous npvs was also shown to induce apoptosis and caspase-3-like protease activation in bm-n cells. i ... | 2017 | 28315706 |
| a new cell line derived from embryonic tissues of holotrichia parallela (coleoptera:scarabaeidae). | holotrichia parallela is an important agricultural underground insect pest and also an edible and medicinal insect. establishing a new cell line of h. parallela will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the studies on its physiology, pathology, and gene functions. in this study, by using the embryonic tissue of h. parallela as the material, we established a new cell line named hp-e-1. the microscopic observation of its morphological characteristics revealed that its cellular morphology was ma ... | 2016 | 27083164 |
| degradation of rrna in bm-n cells from the silkworm bombyx mori during abortive infection with heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses. | cell lines derived from the silkworm, bombyx mori, are only permissive for b. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv), with other npvs generally resulting in abortive infection. here, we demonstrate that rrna of b. mori bm-n cells undergoes rapid degradation through site-specific cleavage upon infection with npvs from autographa californica (acmnpv), hyphantria cunea (hycumnpv), spodoptera exigua (semnpv) and spodoptera litura (spltmnpv). no significant decreases in cellular rna were observed in ld652y, ... | 2013 | 23784443 |
| validation of reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time rt-pcr in four lepidopteran insects. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) is an efficient and widely used technique to monitor gene expression. housekeeping genes (hkgs) are often empirically selected as the reference genes for data normalization. however, the suitability of hkgs used as the reference genes has been seldom validated. here, six hkgs were chosen (actin a3, actin a1, gapdh, g3pdh, e2f, rp49) in four lepidopteran insects bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), plutella xylostella l. (plutellidae), ... | 2012 | 22938136 |
| baculovirus lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus iap2 and iap3 do not suppress apoptosis, but trigger apoptosis of insect cells in a transient expression assay. | ld652y cells derived from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, are permissive for productive infection with l. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv), but undergo apoptosis upon infection with various other npvs, including those isolated from bombyx mori, hyphantria cunea, spodoptera exigua, orgyia pseudotsugata, and spodoptera litura. in this study, we examined whether ldmnpv-encoded inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (ld-iap2) and 3 (ld-iap3) are involved in apoptosis suppression in ldmnpv-infected ... | 2012 | 22798056 |
| rapid detection of multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses using polymerase chain reaction. | a technique using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for detection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) polyhedrin gene. the amino acid sequences of the polyhedrin gene were compared in twenty-six npvs. a highly conserved dna sequence within the coding region of the polyhedrin gene was targeted for amplification. one pair of degenerate pcr primers was designed to produce fragments of about 430 bp. the npvs detected by this technique were autographa californica npv, bombyx mori npv, h ... | 2001 | 11459223 |
| establishment and characterization of a new cell line of chilo suppressalis walker (lepidoptera: pyralididae). | a new cell line, designated as zjbiq-chsu-i, was initiated from the fat body of larval chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralididae) in tnm-fh insect medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. the polygonal cells (65.6%) were predominant among various cell types, and the diameter range was from 12.63 to 22.50 μm. the cell line showed a typical lepidopteran chromosome pattern ranging from 108 to 136 chromosomes in the majority of the cells. the population doubling time (pdt) of the cell l ... | 2015 | 25381037 |
| herbivore-induced plant volatiles accurately predict history of coexistence, diet breadth, and feeding mode of herbivores. | herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) serve as specific cues to higher trophic levels. novel, exotic herbivores entering native foodwebs may disrupt the infochemical network as a result of changes in hipv profiles. here, we analysed hipv blends of native brassica rapa plants infested with one of 10 herbivore species with different coexistence histories, diet breadths and feeding modes. partial least squares (pls) models were fitted to assess whether hipv blends emitted by dutch b. rapa diffe ... | 2017 | 28134434 |
| metabolomic differentiation of brassica rapa following herbivory by different insect instars using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the metabolic alterations of brassica rapa (l.) leaves attacked by larvae of the specialist plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) and the generalist spodoptera exigua hubner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) were investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, followed by a multivariate data analysis. the principal component analysis (pca) of (1)h nmr spectra showed that metabolic changes in b. rapa leaves induced by the 2nd and the 4th instars were different from each othe ... | 2006 | 17080307 |
| attraction of egg-killing parasitoids toward induced plant volatiles in a multi-herbivore context. | in response to insect herbivory, plants emit volatile organic compounds which may act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore. in nature, plants are often attacked by multiple herbivores, but the majority of studies which have investigated indirect plant defenses to date have focused on the recruitment of different parasitoid species in a single-herbivore context. here, we report our investigation on the attraction of egg parasitoids of lepidopteran ho ... | 2015 | 25953114 |
| interactive effects of genotype, environment, and ontogeny on resistance of cucumber (cucumis sativus) to the generalist herbivore, spodoptera exigua. | host-plant genotype, environment, and ontogeny all play a role in determining plant resistance to herbivory, yet little is known about the nature of the interactions among these factors. we investigated resistance of cucumber plants cucumis sativus to the generalist herbivore spodoptera exigua in a manipulative experiment involving three factors. in particular, we tested the effects of bitter (cucurbitacins present) vs. sweet (cucurbitacins absent) plants (genotype), with or without previous her ... | 2004 | 15074656 |
| fatty acid amides, previously identified in caterpillars, found in the cricket teleogryllus taiwanemma and fruit fly drosophila melanogaster larvae. | fatty acid amides (faas) are known elicitors that induce plants to release volatile compounds that, in turn, attract foraging parasitoids. since the discovery of volicitin [n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine] in the regurgitant of larval spodoptera exigua, a series of related faas have been identified in several other species of lepidopteran caterpillars. we screened 13 non-lepidopteran insects for the presence of faas and found that these compounds were present in adults of two closely relate ... | 2007 | 17566833 |
| cloning and analysis of cdnas encoding the hypusine-containing protein eif5a of two lepidopteran insect species. | eukaryotic initiation factor eif5a is essential for cell viability and contains a characteristic post-translational modification of a specific lysine residue into a hypusine. cdnas with similarity to eif5a sequences were derived from spodoptera exigua and s. frugiperda cdna libraries. the deduced amino acid sequences are identical for both species and predict a protein with a molecular mass of 17.5 kda. the drosophila melanogaster eif5a cdna sequence was retrieved from the drosophila est project ... | 1999 | 10620048 |