| avoidance of intraguild predation leads to a long-term positive trait-mediated indirect effect in an insect community. | intraguild predation among natural enemies is common in food webs with insect herbivores at their base. though intraguild predation may be reciprocal, typically one species suffers more than the other and frequently exhibits behavioural strategies to lessen these effects. how such short-term behaviours influence population dynamics over several generations has been little studied. we worked with a model insect community consisting of two species of aphid feeding on different host plants (acyrtho ... | 2014 | 24122178 |
| to feed or not to feed: plant factors located in the epidermis, mesophyll, and sieve elements influence pea aphid's ability to feed on legume species. | the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris), a legume specialist, encompasses at least 11 genetically distinct sympatric host races. each host race shows a preference for a certain legume species. six pea aphid clones from three host races were used to localize plant factors influencing aphid probing and feeding behavior on four legume species. aphid performance was tested by measuring survival and growth. the location of plant factors influencing aphid probing and feeding was determined using th ... | 2013 | 24098691 |
| identification and expression profiling of odorant binding proteins and chemosensory proteins between two wingless morphs and a winged morph of the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover. | insects interact with their environment and respond to the changes in host plant conditions using semiochemicals. such ecological interactions are facilitated by the olfactory sensilla and the use of olfactory recognition proteins. the cotton aphid aphis gossypii can change its phenotype in response to ecological conditions. they reproduce mainly as wingless asexual morphs but develop wings to find mates or new plant hosts under the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, plant n ... | 2013 | 24073197 |
| elevated co2 decreases the response of the ethylene signaling pathway in medicago truncatula and increases the abundance of the pea aphid. | the performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by plant nutritional quality and resistance, which are likely to be altered by rising concentrations of atmospheric co2 . we previously reported that elevated co2 enhanced biological nitrogen (n) fixation of medicago truncatula, which could result in an increased supply of amino acids to the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). the current study examined the n nutritional quality and aphid resistance of sickle, an ethylene-insensitive mutant ... | 2014 | 24015892 |
| horizontally transmitted symbionts and host colonization of ecological niches. | facultative or "secondary" symbionts are common in eukaryotes, particularly insects. while not essential for host survival, they often provide significant fitness benefits. it has been hypothesized that secondary symbionts form a "horizontal gene pool" shuttling adaptive genes among host lineages in an analogous manner to plasmids and other mobile genetic elements in bacteria. however, we do not know whether the distributions of symbionts across host populations reflect random acquisitions follo ... | 2013 | 23993843 |
| masculinization of the x chromosome in the pea aphid. | evolutionary theory predicts that sexually antagonistic mutations accumulate differentially on the x chromosome and autosomes in species with an xy sex-determination system, with effects (masculinization or feminization of the x) depending on the dominance of mutations. organisms with alternative modes of inheritance of sex chromosomes offer interesting opportunities for studying sexual conflicts and their resolution, because expectations for the preferred genomic location of sexually antagonist ... | 2013 | 23950732 |
| identification, characterization and analysis of expression of genes encoding arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferases in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | most organisms exhibit some kind of rhythmicity in their behaviour and/or physiology as an adaptation to the cyclical movements of the earth. in addition to circadian rhythms, many organisms have an annual rhythmicity in certain activities, such as reproduction, migration or induction of diapause. current knowledge of the molecular basis controlling seasonal rhythmicity, especially in insects, is scarce. one element that seems to play an essential role in the maintenance of both circadian and se ... | 2013 | 23919438 |
| larval performance and kill rate of convergent ladybird beetles, hippodamia convergens, on black bean aphids, aphis fabae, and pea aphids, acyrthosiphon pisum. | generalist predator guilds play a prominent role in structuring insect communities and can contribute to limiting population sizes of insect pest species. a consequence of dietary breadth, particularly in predatory insects, is the inclusion of low-quality, or even toxic, prey items in the predator's diet. consumption of low-quality prey items reduces growth, development, and survival of predator larvae, thereby reducing the population sizes of generalist predators. the objective of this paper wa ... | 2013 | 23909291 |
| does phloem-based resistance to aphid feeding affect host-plant acceptance for reproduction? parturition of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, on two near-isogenic lines of medicago truncatula. | probing behaviour (prior to parturition) and parturition of two clones (ps01 and n116) of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum on two genotypes (near-isogenic lines (nils)) (q174_5.13 and q174_9.10) of medicago truncatula were investigated using electrical penetration graph (epg) coupled with simultaneous visual monitoring for parturition. line q174_5.13 has been reported to show a phloem-based resistance to feeding in the clone ps01 but to be susceptible to the clone n116, whereas q174_9.10 has s ... | 2013 | 23823797 |
| identification of g protein-coupled receptors in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | gpcrs play crucial roles in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. in insects, a large number of gpcrs have been reported for holometabola but not hemimetabola. the recently sequenced pea aphid genome provides us with the opportunity to analyze the evolution and potential functions of gpcrs in hemimetabola. 82 gpcrs were identified from the representative model hemimetabolous insect acyrthosiphon pisum, 37 of which have ests evidence, and 73 are annotated for the first time. a st ... | 2013 | 23792713 |
| thiamine treatments alleviate aphid infestations in barley and pea. | treatment of plants with thiamine (vitamin b1) has before been shown to activate plant defence against microorganisms. here, we have studied the effects of thiamine treatments of plants on aphid reproduction and behaviour. the work was mainly carried out with bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) on barley (hordeum vulgare l.). aphid population growth and aphid acceptance on plants grown from seeds soaked in a 150μm thiamine solution were reduced to ca. 60% of that on control plants. r. ... | 2013 | 23787153 |
| pea aphid promotes amino acid metabolism both in medicago truncatula and bacteriocytes to favor aphid population growth under elevated co2. | rising atmospheric co(2) levels can dilute the nitrogen (n) resource in plant tissue, which is disadvantageous to many herbivorous insects. aphids appear to be an exception that warrants further study. the effects of elevated co(2) (750 ppm vs. 390 ppm) were evaluated on n assimilation and transamination by two medicago truncatula genotypes, a n-fixing-deficient mutant (dnf1) and its wild-type control (jemalong), with and without pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation. elevated co(2) increa ... | 2013 | 23686968 |
| modulation of aphid alarm pheromone emission of pea aphid prey by predators. | recent studies on animal alarm signaling have shown that alarm calls generally are not uniform, but may vary depending on the type and intensity of threat. while alarm call variability has been studied intensively in birds and mammals, little is known about such variation in insects. we investigated variability in alarm signaling in aphids, group-living insect herbivores. under attack, aphids release droplets containing a volatile alarm pheromone, (e)-β-farnesene (ebf), that induces specific esc ... | 2013 | 23686467 |
| noncanonical expression of caudal during early embryogenesis in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum: maternal cad-driven posterior development is not conserved. | previously we identified anterior localization of hunchback (aphb) mrna in oocytes and early embryos of the parthenogenetic and viviparous pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, suggesting that the breaking of anterior asymmetry in the oocytes leads to the formation of the anterior axis in embryos. in order to study posterior development in the asexual pea aphid, we cloned and analysed the developmental expression of caudal (apcad), a posterior gene highly conserved in many animal phyla. we found that t ... | 2013 | 23683148 |
| jumping-ship can have its costs: implications of predation and host plant species for the maintenance of pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris) colour polymorphism. | the interplay between the host plant of an insect herbivore and an insect predator (here two-spot ladybird beetles; adalia bipunctata (l).; coleoptera: coccinellidae), feeding upon such a herbivore was examined in the laboratory as factors possibly determining the differential abundance and success of green and red host races of pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris. the experiment comprised three treatments: two host plants (bean and clover), two treatment levels (control and predation) and thr ... | 2013 | 23601915 |
| widespread selection across coding and noncoding dna in the pea aphid genome. | genome-wide patterns of diversity and selection are critical measures for understanding how evolution has shaped the genome. yet, these population genomic estimates are available for only a limited number of model organisms. here we focus on the population genomics of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). the pea aphid is an emerging model system that exhibits a range of intriguing biological traits not present in classic model systems. we performed low-coverage genome resequencing of 21 clonal p ... | 2013 | 23589520 |
| parasitoid wasps influence where aphids die via an interspecific indirect genetic effect. | host-parasite interactions are a key paradigm for understanding the process of coevolution. central to coevolution is how genetic variation in interacting species allows parasites to evolve manipulative strategies. however, genetic variation in the parasite may also be associated with host phenotype changes, thereby changing the selection on both species. for instance, parasites often induce changes in the behaviour of their host to maximize their own fitness, yet the quantitative genetic basis ... | 2013 | 23576776 |
| oxidative stress in pea seedling leaves in response to acyrthosiphon pisum infestation. | in this study we examined whether and to what extent oxidative stress is induced in seedling leaves of pisum sativum l. cv. cysterski in response to pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris) infestation. a. pisum caused oxidative stress conditions in pea leaves through enhanced production of the reactive oxygen species (ros) hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and superoxide anion radical (o2(·-)). early, strong generation of h2o2 was observed at 24h in aphid-infested leaves. the highest level of h2o2 at this ... | 2013 | 23566717 |
| survival to parasitoids in an insect hosting defensive symbionts: a multivariate approach to polymorphic traits affecting host use by its natural enemy. | insect parasitoids and their insect hosts represent a wide range of parasitic trophic relations that can be used to understand the evolution of biotic diversity on earth. testing theories of coevolution between hosts and parasites is based on factors directly involved in host susceptibility and parasitoid virulence. we used controlled encounters with potential hosts of the aphidius ervi wasp to elucidate behavioral and other phenotypic traits of host acyrthosiphon pisum that most contribute to s ... | 2013 | 23565269 |
| the pea aphid uses a version of the terminal system during oviparous, but not viviparous, development. | in most species of aphid, female nymphs develop into either sexual or asexual adults depending on the length of the photoperiod to which their mothers were exposed. the progeny of these sexual and asexual females, in turn, develop in dramatically different ways. the fertilized oocytes of sexual females begin embryogenesis after being deposited on leaves (oviparous development) while the oocytes of asexual females complete embryogenesis within the mother (viviparous development). compared with ov ... | 2013 | 23552511 |
| carotenoids in unexpected places: gall midges, lateral gene transfer, and carotenoid biosynthesis in animals. | carotenoids are conjugated isoprenoid molecules with many important physiological functions in organisms, including roles in photosynthesis, oxidative stress reduction, vision, diapause, photoperiodism, and immunity. until recently, it was believed that only plants, microorganisms, and fungi were capable of synthesizing carotenoids and that animals acquired them from their diet, but recent studies have demonstrated that two arthropods (pea aphid and spider mite) possess a pair of genes homologou ... | 2013 | 23542649 |
| characterization of non-ltr retrotransposable tras elements in the aphids acyrthosiphon pisum and myzus persicae (aphididae, hemiptera). | a non-ltr tras retrotransposon (identified as trasap1) has been amplified in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum and its presence has been assessed also in the peach potato aphid myzus persicae. this tras element possesses 2 overlapping orfs (a gag-orf1 and a pol-orf2 containing the reverse transcriptase and the endonuclease domains) that show a similarity ranging from 40% to 48% to proteins coded by other tras elements identified in insects (including the beetle tribolium castaneum and the moth b ... | 2013 | 23530141 |
| proteomic profiling of cereal aphid saliva reveals both ubiquitous and adaptive secreted proteins. | the secreted salivary proteins from two cereal aphid species, sitobion avenae and metopolophium dirhodum, were collected from artificial diets and analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. protein identification was performed by searching ms data against the official protein set from the current pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) genome assembly and revealed 12 and 7 proteins in the saliva of s. avenae and m. dirhodum, respectively. when combined with a comparable dataset from a. pisum, only three indi ... | 2013 | 23460852 |
| canonical terminal patterning is an evolutionary novelty. | patterning of the terminal regions of the drosophila embryo is achieved by an exquisitely regulated signal that passes between the follicle cells of the ovary, and the developing embryo. this pathway, however, is missing or modified in other insects. here we trace the evolution of this pathway by examining the origins and expression of its components. the three core components of this pathway: trunk, torso and torso-like have different evolutionary histories and have been assembled step-wise to ... | 2013 | 23438815 |
| comparative genomic analysis and evolution of family-b g protein-coupled receptors from six model insect species. | family-b g protein-coupled receptors (gpcr-bs) play vital roles in many biological processes, including growth, development and reproduction. however, the evolution and function of gpcr-bs have been poorly understood in insects. we have identified 87 gpcr-bs from six model insect species, 20 from tribolium castaneum, 9 from apis mellifera, 11 from bombyx mori, 9 from acyrthosiphon pisum, 14 from anopheles gambiae and 24 from drosophila melanogaster. 22 of them were reported in this study for the ... | 2013 | 23428791 |
| the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) genome encodes two divergent early developmental programs. | the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) can reproduce either sexually or asexually (parthenogenetically), giving rise, in each case, to almost identical adults. these two modes of reproduction are accompanied by differences in ovarian morphology and the developmental environment of the offspring, with sexual forms producing eggs that are laid, whereas asexual development occurs within the mother. here we examine the effect each mode of reproduction has on the expression of key maternal and axis patt ... | 2013 | 23416037 |
| predation determines different selective pressure on pea aphid host races in a complex agricultural mosaic. | field assessments were conducted to examine the interplay between host plant and predation in complex agricultural mosaic on pea aphid clover and alfalfa races. in one experiment, we examined the relative fitness on clover race (cr) and alfalfa race (ar) pea aphids on broad bean, red clover and alfalfa alone. but because clover is typically grown in a more complex agricultural mosaic with alfalfa and broad bean, a second experiment was conducted to assess the fitness consequences under predation ... | 2013 | 23409081 |
| uncovering symbiont-driven genetic diversity across north american pea aphids. | heritable genetic variation is required for evolution, and while typically encoded within nuclear and organellar genomes, several groups of invertebrates harbour heritable microbes serving as additional sources of genetic variation. hailing from the symbiont-rich insect order hemiptera, pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) possess several heritable symbionts with roles in host plant utilization, thermotolerance and protection against natural enemies. as pea aphids vary in the numbers and types of ha ... | 2013 | 23379399 |
| predation drives stable coexistence ratios between red and green pea aphid morphs. | we conducted field surveys and experiments to evaluate the hypothesis that predation is an important driving factor determining the degree of coexistence between red and green morphs of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. theory suggests that the different colour morphs are differentially susceptible to natural enemies and selection by predation which in turn leads to variable relative abundances of red and green morphs among host plants across landscapes. our field surveys on pea and alfalfa rev ... | 2013 | 23294477 |
| high entomotoxicity and mechanism of the fungal galnac/gal-specific rhizoctonia solani lectin in pest insects. | whole insect assays where rhizoctonia solani agglutinin (rsa) was fed to larval stages of the cotton leaf-worm spodoptera littoralis and the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum demonstrated a high concentration-dependent entomotoxicity, suggesting that this galnac/gal-specific fungal lectin might be a good control agent for different pest insects. rsa at 10 mg/g in the solid diet of 2nd-instar caterpillars caused 84% weight reduction after 8 days with none of the caterpillars reaching the 4th-instar s ... | 2013 | 23291362 |
| food stress prompts dispersal behavior in apterous pea aphids: do activated aphids incur energy loss? | the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (hem: aphididae), has been repeatedly used as a model species in a wide range of biological studies including genetics, ecology, physiology, and behavior. when red pea aphids feed on low quality plants in crowded conditions, some individuals lose their color shade and become pale yellowish, while other individuals on the same host plants remain changeless. the pale aphids have been shown to walk significantly faster and migrate more frequently to neighboring pl ... | 2013 | 23262143 |
| antifeedant activity of luteolin and genistein against the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | electrical penetration graphs (dc epg) were used to monitor the feeding behavior of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris (hemiptera: aphididae) exposed to the flavonoids luteolin and genistein in artificial diets. the epg patterns generated by aphids feeding on plants were used to interpret the patterns generated on the artificial diets. addition of flavonoids to the diets generally prolonged the period of stylet probing (as indicated by epg pattern d-c), reduced salivation (as indicated by ... | 2012 | 23204991 |
| localizing f(st) outliers on a qtl map reveals evidence for large genomic regions of reduced gene exchange during speciation-with-gene-flow. | populations that maintain phenotypic divergence in sympatry typically show a mosaic pattern of genomic divergence, requiring a corresponding mosaic of genomic isolation (reduced gene flow). however, mechanisms that could produce the genomic isolation required for divergence-with-gene-flow have barely been explored, apart from the traditional localized effects of selection and reduced recombination near centromeres or inversions. by localizing f(st) outliers from a genome scan of wild pea aphid h ... | 2012 | 23057835 |
| aphid protein effectors promote aphid colonization in a plant species-specific manner. | microbial pathogens and pests produce effectors to modulate host processes. aphids are phloem-feeding insects, which introduce effectors via saliva into plant cells. however, it is not known if aphid effectors have adapted to modulate processes in specific plant species. myzus persicae is a polyphagous insect that colonizes arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana, while the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum specializes on colonizing plant species of the family fabaceae. we found that m. persi ... | 2013 | 23035913 |
| genome scans reveal candidate regions involved in the adaptation to host plant in the pea aphid complex. | a major goal in evolutionary biology is to uncover the genetic basis of adaptation. divergent selection exerted on ecological traits may result in adaptive population differentiation and reproductive isolation and affect differentially the level of genetic divergence along the genome. genome-wide scan of large sets of individuals from multiple populations is a powerful approach to identify loci or genomic regions under ecologically divergent selection. here, we focused on the pea aphid, a specie ... | 2012 | 23017212 |
| transcriptomic profiling of the reproductive mode switch in the pea aphid in response to natural autumnal photoperiod. | aphids are among the rare organisms that can change their reproductive mode across their life cycle. during spring and summer they reproduce clonally and efficiently by parthenogenesis. at the end of summer aphids perceive the shortening of day length which triggers the production of sexual individuals - males and oviparous females - that will mate and lay overwintering cold-resistant eggs. recent large scale transcriptomic studies allowed the discovery of transcripts and functions such as nervo ... | 2012 | 22967755 |
| inbreeding avoidance by recognition of close kin in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | inbreeding depression has detrimental effects on many organisms, but its effects are potentially greater in organisms that have at least one asexually reproducing life stage. here, the existence of severe inbreeding depression upon selfing (r = 1) in the cyclic parthenogenetic aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (hemiptera: aphididae) is documented. egg hatching success and offspring survival of inbred mating pairs are significantly lower than that of outbred mating pairs. two possible mechanisms ... | 2012 | 22954315 |
| large-scale candidate gene scan reveals the role of chemoreceptor genes in host plant specialization and speciation in the pea aphid. | understanding the drivers of speciation is critical to interpreting patterns of biodiversity. the identification of the genetic changes underlying adaptation and reproductive isolation is necessary to link barriers to gene flow to the causal origins of divergence. here, we present a novel approach to the genetics of speciation, which should complement the commonly used approaches of quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide scans for selection. we present a large-scale candidate gene appr ... | 2012 | 22946799 |
| a genome-wide identification and analysis of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in the ponerine ant, harpegnathos saltator. | the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors and their homologs form a superfamily that plays essential roles in transcriptional networks of multiple developmental processes. bhlh family members have been identified in over 20 organisms, including fruit fly, zebrafish, human and mouse. | 2012 | 22938134 |
| light- induced electron transfer and atp synthesis in a carotene synthesizing insect. | a singular adaptive phenotype of a parthenogenetic insect species (acyrthosiphon pisum) was selected in cold conditions and is characterized by a remarkable apparition of a greenish colour. the aphid pigments involve carotenoid genes well defined in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria and amazingly present in the aphid genome, likely by lateral transfer during evolution. the abundant carotenoid synthesis in aphids suggests strongly that a major and unknown physiological role is related to these compo ... | 2012 | 22900140 |
| the physiology of sterol nutrition in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | the phloem sap of fava bean (vicia faba) plants utilized by the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum contains three sterols, cholesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol, in a 2:2:1 ratio. to investigate the nutritional value of these sterols, pea aphids were reared on chemically-defined diets containing each sterol at 0.1, 1 and 10μgml(-1) with a sterol-free diet as control. larval growth rate and aphid lifespan did not vary significantly across the diets, indicating that sterol reserves can buffer some p ... | 2012 | 22878342 |
| effects of plant gross morphology on predator searching behaviour. | plant morphology influences insect predators' abilities to capture prey and control pest populations. several mechanisms for this effect of plants on predator foraging have been proposed. in particular, it is often claimed that increased complexity of plant structures may increase search time and reduce foraging success. using time-lapse photography we recorded search paths, and compared the total path lengths, percentages of plants searched, and path tortuosity of adult multicolored asian lady ... | 2012 | 22732609 |
| effects of plant gross morphology on predator consumption rates. | we find that spatial structure, and in particular, differences in gross plant morphology, can alter the consumption rates of generalist insect predators. we compared asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis pallas, and green lacewing larvae, chrysoperla carnea stephens, consumption rates of pea aphids, acyrthosiphon pisum harris, in homogeneous environments (petri dishes) and heterogeneous environments (whole plants). spatial complexity is often described as reducing predator success, and we did fin ... | 2012 | 22732608 |
| chitin synthase 1 gene and its two alternative splicing variants from two sap-sucking insects, nilaparvata lugens and laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae). | chitin synthase (chs) is an enzyme that is required for chitin formation in insect cuticles and other tissues. in this study, chs genes from two destructive rice insect pests, the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus, were cloned. phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes belonged to class chs1 of the chs gene family. most insects possess two chs genes (chs1 and chs2); however, genome and transcriptome searches showed that n. lugens poss ... | 2012 | 22634163 |
| decomposition analysis of ltres may facilitate the design of short-term ecotoxicological tests. | this study compared two methods, based on re-analyzed data from a partly published life table response experiment (ltre), to help determine the optimal approach for designing ecotoxicological assessments. the 36-day ltre data recorded the toxic effects of cadmium (cd) and imidacloprid, alone and in combination, on the reproduction and survivorship of aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum harris). we used this data to construct an age-classified matrix model (six age classes, each 6 days long) to estimate ... | 2012 | 22526929 |
| young aphids avoid erroneous dropping when evading mammalian herbivores by combining input from two sensory modalities. | mammalian herbivores may incidentally ingest plant-dwelling insects while foraging. adult pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) avoid this danger by dropping off their host plant after sensing the herbivore's warm and humid breath and the vibrations it causes while feeding. aphid nymphs may also drop (to escape insect enemies), but because of their slow movement, have a lower chance of finding a new plant. we compared dropping rates of first-instar nymphs with those of adults, after exposing pea aphi ... | 2012 | 22496734 |
| crystal structure of diedel, a marker of the immune response of drosophila melanogaster. | the drosophila melanogaster gene cg11501 is up regulated after a septic injury and was proposed to act as a negative regulator of the jak/stat signaling pathway. diedel, the cg11501 gene product, is a small protein of 115 residues with 10 cysteines. | 2012 | 22442689 |
| functional characterization of the adipokinetic hormone in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | aphids are important plant phloem-sucking pests and detailed knowledge about the hormonal control of their metabolism can potentially contribute to the development of methods for their management. the insect metabolism is predominantly controlled by neuropeptides belonging to the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family (akh/rpch). the main goal of this study was to obtain the sequence of akh transcripts and analyze its expression in all polyphenic female forms of the pea ap ... | 2012 | 22357169 |
| sexual and asexual oogenesis require the expression of unique and shared sets of genes in the insect acyrthosiphon pisum. | although sexual reproduction is dominant within eukaryotes, asexual reproduction is widespread and has evolved independently as a derived trait in almost all major taxa. how asexuality evolved in sexual organisms is unclear. aphids, such as acyrthosiphon pisum, alternate between asexual and sexual reproductive means, as the production of parthenogenetic viviparous females or sexual oviparous females and males varies in response to seasonal photoperiodism. consequently, sexual and asexual develop ... | 2012 | 22336141 |
| population genetic structure and secondary symbionts in host-associated populations of the pea aphid complex. | polyphagous insect herbivores experience different selection pressures on their various host plant species. how this affects population divergence and speciation may be influenced by the bacterial endosymbionts that many harbor. here, we study the population structure and symbiont community of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum), which feeds on a range of legume species and is known to form genetically differentiated host-adapted populations. aphids were collected from eight legume genera in eng ... | 2012 | 22276535 |
| comparison of gene repertoires and patterns of evolutionary rates in eight aphid species that differ by reproductive mode. | in theory, the loss of sexual reproduction is expected to result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations. in aphids, two main types of life cycle, cyclic and obligate parthenogenesis, represent respectively "sexual" and "asexual" reproductive modes. we used the complete pea aphid genome and previously published expressed sequence tags (ests) from two other aphid species. in addition, we obtained 100,000 new ests from five more species. the final set comprised four sexual and four asexual ap ... | 2012 | 22215803 |
| comparisons of salivary proteins from five aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) species. | aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) saliva, when injected into host plants during feeding, causes physiological changes in hosts that facilitate aphid feeding and cause injury to plants. comparing salivary constituents among aphid species could help identify which salivary products are universally important for general aphid feeding processes, which products are involved with specific host associations, or which products elicit visible injury to hosts. we compared the salivary proteins from five aphid ... | 2011 | 22182624 |
| biostable and peg polymer-conjugated insect pyrokinin analogs demonstrate antifeedant activity and induce high mortality in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphidae). | the pyrokinins (pk) are multifunctional neuropeptides found in a variety of arthropod species, including the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphidae). a series of biostable pyrokinin analogs based on the shared c-terminal pentapeptide core region were fed in solutions of artificial diet to the pea aphid over a period of three days and evaluated for antifeedant and aphicidal activity. the analogs contained either modified pro residues oic or hyp and or a d-amino acid in key positions to ... | 2012 | 22108713 |
| gydb mobilomics: ltr retroelements and integrase-related transposons of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome. | the gypsy database concerning mobile genetic elements (release 2.0) is a wiki-style project devoted to the phylogenetic classification of ltr retroelements and their viral and host gene relatives characterized from distinct organisms. furthermore, gydb 2.0 is concerned with studying mobile elements within genomes. therefore, an in-progress repository was created for databases with annotations of mobile genetic elements from particular genomes. this repository is called mobilomics and the first u ... | 2011 | 22016855 |
| silencing of aphid genes by dsrna feeding from plants. | rna interference (rnai) is a valuable reverse genetics tool to study gene function in various organisms, including hemipteran insects such as aphids. previous work has shown that rnai-mediated knockdown of pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) genes can be achieved through direct injection of double-stranded rna (dsrna) or small-interfering rnas (sirna) into the pea aphid hemolymph or by feeding these insects on artificial diets containing the small rnas. | 2011 | 21998682 |
| juvenile hormone titre and related gene expression during the change of reproductive modes in the pea aphid. | most aphids show reproductive polyphenism, i.e. they alternate their reproductive modes from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction in response to short photoperiods. although juvenile hormone (jh) has been considered a likely candidate for regulating the transition from asexual to sexual reproduction after photoperiod sensing, there are few studies investigating the direct relationship between jh titres and the reproductive-mode change. in addition, the sequencing of the pea aphid genome has al ... | 2012 | 21988597 |
| pyrosequencing the midgut transcriptome of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, is a serious pest threatening rice production across the world. to identify the main features of the gene expression and the key components of the midgut of n. lugens responsible for nutrition, xenobiotic metabolism and the immune response, we used pyrosequencing to sample the transcriptome. more than 190,000 clean sequences were generated, which led to about 30,000 unique sequences. sequence analysis indicated that genes with abundant transcripts in th ... | 2011 | 21919985 |
| quantitative genetics of feeding behavior in two ecological races of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | much of the diversity of herbivorous insects stems from the adaptive divergence of populations onto different host plants. this often involves the evolution of specialized patterns of host acceptance that in turn lead to assortative mating for insects that mate exclusively on their hosts. here, we explore the genetic architecture of feeding behavior in a herbivorous insect that has become a model for the study of incipient speciation, the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). we use crosses between i ... | 2012 | 21897437 |
| diversification of genes for carotenoid biosynthesis in aphids following an ancient transfer from a fungus. | the pea aphid genome was recently found to harbor genes for carotenoid biosynthesis, reflecting an ancestral transfer from a fungus. to explore the evolution of the carotene desaturase gene family within aphids, sequences were retrieved from a set of 34 aphid species representing numerous deeply diverging lineages of aphids and analyzed together with fungal sequences retrieved from databases. all aphids have at least one copy of this gene and some aphid species have up to seven, whereas fungal g ... | 2012 | 21878683 |
| pea aphids, acyrthosiphon pisum, suppress induced plant volatiles in broad bean, vicia faba. | plants defend themselves against herbivory through several means, including the production of airborne volatile organic compounds (vocs). these vocs benefit plants by attracting natural enemies of their herbivores. the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, is able to feed on its host plant, vicia faba, without inducing detectable changes in plant voc emission. levels of vocs emission are not significantly different between control plants and those fed upon by aphids for up to 5 days. using a second he ... | 2011 | 21870158 |
| triterpene saponins of quillaja saponaria show strong aphicidal and deterrent activity against the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | saponins are a class of secondary plant metabolites consisting of a sugar moiety glycosidically linked to a hydrophobic aglycone (sapogenin) that often possess insecticidal activities. four saponins were selected: two triterpene saponins, q. saponaria saponins and aescin, and two steroidal saponins, digitonin and diosgenin. their effects were investigated on an important pest species and a model piercing-sucking insect, the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. the triterpene q. saponaria saponins bark ... | 2012 | 21717567 |
| oral activity of fmrfamide-related peptides on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphididae) and degradation by enzymes from the aphid gut. | insect myosuppressins and myosuppressin analogues were tested for oral toxicity against the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) by incorporation into an artificial diet. acyrthosiphon pisum myosuppressin (acypi-ms) and leucomyosuppressin (lms) had significant dose-dependent effects (0.1-0.5μg peptide/μl diet) on feeding suppression, mortality, reduced growth and fecundity compared with control insects, but acypi-ms was more potent than lms. one hundred percent of aphids had died after 10days ... | 2011 | 21704083 |
| ap-apse dpol intein: a novel family a dna polymerase intein domain. | inteins are "protein introns" that remove themselves from their host proteins through an autocatalytic protein-splicing. after their discovery, inteins have been quickly identified in organisms from all three kingdoms of life - eucarya, bacteria and archaea, but their distribution is sporadic. here we report the identification and bioinformatics characterization of intein in dna polymerase a gene of bacteriophage apse (acyrthosiphon pisum secondary endosymbiont bacteriophage) infecting the aphid ... | 2011 | 21572881 |
| short-term consequences of reproductive mode variation on the genetic architecture of energy metabolism and life-history traits in the pea aphid. | cyclically parthenogenetic animals such as aphids are able alternating sexual and asexual reproduction during its life cycle, and represent good models for studying short-term evolutionary consequences of sex. in aphids, different morphs, whether sexual or asexual, winged or wingless, are produced in response to specific environmental cues. the production of these morphs could imply a differential energy investment between the two reproductive phases (i.e., sexual and asexual), which can also be ... | 2011 | 21539843 |
| genomics of environmentally induced phenotypes in 2 extremely plastic arthropods. | understanding how genes and the environment interact to shape phenotypes is of fundamental importance for resolving important issues in adaptive evolution. yet, for most model species with mature genetics and accessible genomic resources, we know little about the natural environmental factors that shape their evolution. by contrast, animal species with deeply understood ecologies and well characterized responses to environmental cues are rarely subjects of genomic investigations. here, we previe ... | 2017 | 21525179 |
| diversity in protein glycosylation among insect species. | a very common protein modification in multicellular organisms is protein glycosylation or the addition of carbohydrate structures to the peptide backbone. although the class of the insecta is the largest animal taxon on earth, almost all information concerning glycosylation in insects is derived from studies with only one species, namely the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. | 2011 | 21373189 |
| personality variation in a clonal insect: the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | individuals are often consistent in their behavior but vary from each other in the level of behavior shown. despite burgeoning interest in such animal personality variation, studies on invertebrates are scarce, and studies on clonal invertebrates nonexistent. this is surprising given the obvious advantages of using invertebrates/clones to tackle the crucial question why such consistent behavioral differences exist. here we show that individuals of clonal pea aphids exhibit consistent behavioral ... | 2011 | 21365642 |
| new analogues of (e)-β-farnesene with insecticidal activity and binding affinity to aphid odorant-binding proteins. | (e)-β-farnesene is a strong and efficient alarm pheromone in most aphid species. however, applications in agriculture are prevented by its relatively high volatility, its susceptibility to oxidation and its complex and expensive synthesis. to develop novel compounds for aphid control, we have designed and synthesized analogues of (e)-β-farnesene, containing a pyrazole moiety present in several insecticides. their structures have been confirmed by 1h nmr, elemental analysis, high-resolution mass ... | 2011 | 21341697 |
| predicted effector molecules in the salivary secretome of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum): a dual transcriptomic/proteomic approach. | the relationship between aphids and their host plants is thought to be functionally analogous to plant-pathogen interactions. although virulence effector proteins that mediate plant defenses are well-characterized for pathogens such as bacteria, oomycetes, and nematodes, equivalent molecules in aphids and other phloem-feeders are poorly understood. a dual transcriptomic-proteomic approach was adopted to generate a catalog of candidate effector proteins from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, ... | 2011 | 21226539 |
| revisiting the anatomy of the central nervous system of a hemimetabolous model insect species: the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | aphids show a marked phenotypic plasticity, producing asexual or sexual and winged or wingless morphs depending on environmental conditions and season. we describe here the general structure of the brain of various morphs of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. this is the first detailed anatomical study of the central nervous system of an aphid by immunocytochemistry (synapsin, serotonin, and several neuropeptides), ethyl-gallate staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and three-dimensional ... | 2011 | 21170552 |
| tangible benefits of the aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome sequencing for aphid proteomics: enhancements in protein identification and data validation for homology-based proteomics. | homology-driven proteomics promises to reveal functional biology in insects with sparse genome sequence information. a proteomics study comparing plant virus transmission competent and refractive genotypes of the aphid schizaphis graminum isolated numerous candidate proteins involved in virus transmission, but limited genome sequence information hampered their identification. the complete genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, released in 2008, enabled us to double the number of protein i ... | 2011 | 21070785 |
| dna methylation and genome evolution in honeybee: gene length, expression, functional enrichment covary with the evolutionary signature of dna methylation. | a growing body of evidence suggests that dna methylation is functionally divergent among different taxa. the recently discovered functional methylation system in the honeybee apis mellifera presents an attractive invertebrate model system to study evolution and function of dna methylation. in the honeybee, dna methylation is mostly targeted toward transcription units (gene bodies) of a subset of genes. here, we report an intriguing covariation of length and epigenetic status of honeybee genes. h ... | 2010 | 20924039 |
| biostable multi-aib analogs of tachykinin-related peptides demonstrate potent oral aphicidal activity in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphidae). | the tachykinin-related peptides (trps) are multifunctional neuropeptides found in a variety of arthropod species, including the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphidae). two new biostable trp analogs containing multiple, sterically hindered aib residues were synthesized and found to exhibit significantly enhanced resistance to hydrolysis by angiotensin converting enzyme and neprilysin, membrane-bound enzymes that degrade and inactivate natural trps. the two biostable analogs were also ... | 2011 | 20869418 |
| functional conservation of dna methylation in the pea aphid and the honeybee. | dna methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mark known to have wide-ranging effects on gene regulation in a variety of animal taxa. comparative genomic analyses can help elucidate the function of dna methylation by identifying conserved features of methylated genes and other genomic regions. in this study, we used computational approaches to distinguish genes marked by heavy methylation from those marked by little or no methylation in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. we investigated if these ... | 2010 | 20855427 |
| entomotoxic action of sambucus nigra agglutinin i in acyrthosiphon pisum aphids and spodoptera exigua caterpillars through caspase-3-like-dependent apoptosis. | in this project, the toxicity and mechanism of action of the ricin-b-related lectin sna-i from elderberry (sambucus nigra) in the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) and the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), two important pest insects in agriculture, were studied. sna-i is a chimeric lectin belonging to the class of ribosome-inactivating proteins and consists of an a-chain with n-glycosidase activity and a carbohydrate-binding b-chain. incorporation of 2 mg/ml of sna-i in the diet of neonates and a ... | 2010 | 20853435 |
| insecticidal properties of sclerotinia sclerotiorum agglutinin and its interaction with insect tissues and cells. | this project studied in detail the insecticidal activity of a fungal lectin from the sclerotes of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, referred to as s. sclerotiorum agglutinin or ssa. feeding assays with the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) on an artificial diet containing different concentrations of ssa demonstrated a high mortality caused by this fungal lectin with a median insect toxicity value (lc50) of 66 (49-88) μg/ml. in an attempt to unravel the mode of action of ssa the binding and interaction of ... | 2010 | 20826211 |
| bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and bark of laurelia sempervirens and drimys winteri against acyrthosiphon pisum. | the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris), is a cosmopolitan pest that attacks a wide range of legume crops and vectors important plant virus diseases. in this project, essential oils from the leaf (l) and bark (b) of laurelia sempervirens (ruiz & pavón) tul. (l) and drimys winteri jr forster & g forster (d) were extracted, and their deterrent and insecticidal activities were tested under laboratory conditions. | 2010 | 20715015 |
| genomics and peptidomics of neuropeptides and protein hormones present in the parasitic wasp nasonia vitripennis. | neuropeptides and protein hormones constitute a very important group of signaling molecules, regulating central physiological processes such as reproduction, development, and behavior. using a bioinformatics approach, we screened the recently sequenced genome of the parasitic wasp, nasonia vitripennis, for the presence of these signaling molecules and annotated 30 precursor genes encoding 51 different mature neuropeptides or protein hormones. twenty-four of the predicted mature nasonia neuropept ... | 2010 | 20695486 |
| genetics of color polymorphism in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | the genetic basis of color polymorphism is explored in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (homoptera: sternorrhyncha), in which two color morphs have been described (pink or green). laboratory crosses and a mendelian genetic analysis reveal that color polymorphism in pea aphids is determined by a single biallelic locus, which we name colorama, with alleles p and p, pink being dominant to green. the putative genotypes are pp or pp for pink morphs, and pp for green morphs. this locus is s ... | 2010 | 20673119 |
| aphid wing induction and ecological costs of alarm pheromone emission under field conditions. | the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris, (homoptera: aphididae) releases the volatile sesquiterpene (e)-beta-farnesene (ebf) when attacked by a predator, triggering escape responses in the aphid colony. recently, it was shown that this alarm pheromone also mediates the production of the winged dispersal morph under laboratory conditions. the present work tested the wing-inducing effect of ebf under field conditions. aphid colonies were exposed to two treatments (control and ebf) and tested in ... | 2010 | 20585639 |
| a barley cysteine-proteinase inhibitor reduces the performance of two aphid species in artificial diets and transgenic arabidopsis plants. | cystatins from plants have been implicated in plant defense towards insects, based on their role as inhibitors of heterologous cysteine-proteinases. we have previously characterized thirteen genes encoding cystatins (hvcpi-1 to hvcpi-13) from barley (hordeum vulgare), but only hvcpi-1 c68 → g, a variant generated by direct-mutagenesis, has been tested against insects. the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the whole gene family members of barley cystatins against two aphids, myzus p ... | 2011 | 20567901 |
| the anatomy of an aphid genome: from sequence to biology. | in 2009, the genome of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) was sequenced and partially annotated. this means that the scientific community has now access to the genetic material of aphids that are serious pests of plants. the description of an aphid genome is a first step to go deeper in the understanding of the biology of these insects. in this article, we first describe how the pea aphid genome has been sequenced and its major characteristics. however, a genome is only a part of what an indivi ... | 2010 | 20541158 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a prenyltransferase from the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii. | prenyltransferases play a key role in isoprenoid biosynthesis. here, a cdna encoding a prenyltransferase was isolated from the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, which consists of 1354 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 394 amino acids (agipps). subsequent sequencing of agipps genomic dna resulted in one 3138-bp sequence. southern blotting analysis indicated that only a single ipps gene exists in the cotton aphid. real-time quantitative pcr showed that agipps transcripts were mainly present at the ... | 2010 | 20510361 |
| a genomic analysis of transcytosis in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, a mechanism involved in virus transmission. | aphids are the primary vectors of plant viruses. transmission can occur via attachment to the cuticle lining of the insect (non-circulative transmission) or after internalization in the insect cells with or without replication (circulative transmission). in this paper, we have focused on the circulative and non-propagative mode during which virions enter the cell following receptor-mediated endocytosis, are transported across the cell in vesicles and released by exocytosis without replicating. t ... | 2010 | 20482656 |
| analysis of meiosis and cell cycle genes of the facultatively asexual pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphididae). | phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental change is a common phenomenon, yet is poorly understood at the genetic and molecular level. aphids exhibit a reproductive plasticity whereby seasonal changes result in asexual or sexual reproduction. to investigate the genetic basis of this reproductive plasticity, we assessed the meiosis and cell cycle gene repertoire in the genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. aphids possess meiotic recombination genes and g1-to-s phase transition reg ... | 2010 | 20482653 |
| a functional dna methylation system in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | methylation of cytosine is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in controlling gene expression. here we show that the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) genome possesses homologues to all the dna methyltransferases found in vertebrates, and that 0.69% (+/-0.25%) of all cytosines are methylated. identified methylation sites are predominantly restricted to the coding sequence of genes at cpg sites. we identify twelve methylated genes, including genes that interact with juvenile hormone, a k ... | 2010 | 20482652 |
| halloween genes and nuclear receptors in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signalling in the pea aphid. | the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) is the first whole genome sequenced insect with a hemimetabolic development and an emerging model organism for studies in ecology, evolution and development. the insect steroid moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) controls and coordinates development in insects, especially the moulting/metamorphosis process. we, therefore present here a comprehensive characterization of the halloween genes phantom, disembodied, shadow, shade, spook and spookiest, coding f ... | 2010 | 20482650 |
| expansion of genes encoding a novel type of dynamin in the genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | screening of the entire genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, detected 15 genes for putative dynamin superfamily proteins - self-assembling large gtpases that are involved in the fission and fusion of membranes. in addition to a single gene each for dyn, drp1, and opa1, orthologues that are common in metazoa, 12 genes encoding a novel type of dynamin were found. phylogenetic analyses showed that these novel-class genes are monophyletic. quantitative reverse transcription-pcr demonstrated ... | 2010 | 20482648 |
| comparative analysis of detoxification enzymes in acyrthosiphon pisum and myzus persicae. | herbivorous insects use detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome p450 monooxygenases, glutathione s-transferases, and carboxy/cholinesterases, to metabolize otherwise deleterious plant secondary metabolites. whereas acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) feeds almost exclusively from the fabaceae, myzus persicae (green peach aphid) feeds from hundreds of species in more than forty plant families. therefore, m. persicae as a species would be exposed to a greater diversity of plant secondary metaboli ... | 2010 | 20482647 |
| identification of ion channel genes in the acyrthosiphon pisum genome. | aphids are major pests of crops, causing hundreds of millions of dollars worth of damage annually. ion channel proteins are often the targets of modern insecticides and mutations in ion channel genes can lead to resistance to many leading classes of insecticides. the sequencing of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, genome has now allowed detailed in silico analysis of the aphid ion channels. the study has revealed significant differences in the composition of the ion channel families between th ... | 2010 | 20482646 |
| genome annotation and comparative analyses of the odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | odorant-binding proteins (obps) and chemosensory proteins (csps) are two families of small water-soluble proteins, abundant in the aqueous fluid surrounding olfactory receptor neurons in insect antennae. obps are involved in the first step of olfactory signal transduction, carrying airborne semiochemicals to the odorant receptors and can be classified into three groups: classic obps, plus-c obps and atypical obps. here, we identified and annotated genes encoding putative obps and csps in the pea ... | 2010 | 20482644 |
| neuropeptide and neurohormone precursors in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | aphids respond to environmental changes by developing alternative phenotypes with differing reproductive modes. parthenogenetic reproduction occurs in spring and summer, whereas decreasing day lengths in autumn provoke the production of sexual forms. changing environmental signals are relayed by brain neuroendocrine signals to the ovarioles. we combined bioinformatic analyses with brain peptidomics and cdna analyses to establish a catalogue of pea aphid neuropeptides and neurohormones. 42 genes ... | 2010 | 20482642 |
| anterior development in the parthenogenetic and viviparous form of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum: hunchback and orthodenticle expression. | in the dipteran drosophila, the genes bicoid and hunchback work synergistically to pattern the anterior blastoderm during embryogenesis. bicoid, however, appears to be an innovation of the higher diptera. hence, in some non-dipteran insects, anterior specification instead relies on a synergistic interaction between maternally transcribed hunchback and orthodenticle. here we describe how orthologues of hunchback and orthodenticle are expressed during oogenesis and embryogenesis in the parthenogen ... | 2010 | 20482641 |
| wing development genes of the pea aphid and differential gene expression between winged and unwinged morphs. | little is known about when, how or even if the wing development gene network elucidated in drosophila is deployed in direct-developing insects. here we identify the wing development genes (as determined in drosophila) of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum), which produces winged or unwinged adults in response to environmental cues. we find that the principal wing development genes studied in drosophila are present in the aphid genome and that apterous and decapentaplegic exhibit duplications. we ... | 2010 | 20482640 |
| comprehensive survey of developmental genes in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum: frequent lineage-specific duplications and losses of developmental genes. | aphids exhibit unique attributes, such as polyphenisms and specialized cells to house endosymbionts, that make them an interesting system for studies at the interface of ecology, evolution and development. here we present a comprehensive characterization of the developmental genes in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, and compare our results to other sequenced insects. we investigated genes involved in fundamental developmental processes such as establishment of the body plan and organogenesis, ... | 2010 | 20482639 |
| a full-length cdna resource for the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | large collections of full-length cdnas are important resources for genome annotation and functional genomics. we report the creation of a collection of 50 599 full-length cdna clones from the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. sequencing from 5' and 3' ends of the clones generated 97 828 high-quality expressed sequence tags, representing approximately 9000 genes. these sequences were imported to aphidbase and are shown to play crucial roles in both automatic gene prediction and manual annotation. o ... | 2010 | 20482637 |
| the pea aphid phylome: a complete catalogue of evolutionary histories and arthropod orthology and paralogy relationships for acyrthosiphon pisum genes. | phylogenetic analyses serve many purposes, including the establishment of orthology relationships, the prediction of protein function and the detection of important evolutionary events. within the context of the sequencing of the genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis for every protein of this species. the resulting phylome includes the evolutionary relationships of all predicted aphid proteins and their homologues among 13 other fully-sequenced arthro ... | 2010 | 20482636 |
| aphidbase: a centralized bioinformatic resource for annotation of the pea aphid genome. | aphidbase is a centralized bioinformatic resource that was developed to facilitate community annotation of the pea aphid genome by the international aphid genomics consortium (iagc). the aphidbase information system designed to organize and distribute genomic data and annotations for a large international community was constructed using open source software tools from the generic model organism database (gmod). the system includes apollo and gbrowse utilities as well as a wiki, blast search capa ... | 2010 | 20482635 |
| the pea aphid genome. | | 2010 | 20482634 |
| frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in utah alfalfa fields. | aphidophagous lady beetles enhance their foraging success in natural settings by consuming other types of food in addition to aphids. frass analysis was used to examine natural diets of female lady beetles in fields of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in northern utah. the first (spring) alfalfa crop was censused in 2004 and 2005 to determine the diet of female adults of the introduced coccinella septempunctata l., and two native species, c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and hippodamia conver ... | 2010 | 20388290 |