| mitochondrial atp-ase as a measure of uncoupling of rat muscle mitochondria in experimental infection with trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis. | changes in a bioenergetic state of trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis infected rat and mouse muscle mitochondria were evaluated enzymatically, and in both infections 3-4-fold increase of mitochondrial, mg++-stimulated atp-ase (ec 3.6.1.3) was observed. looking for the dynamics of those bioenergetic changes in t. pseudospiralis infected rat and mouse muscle mitochondria 1-2 weeks, pi, the 5-6-fold stimulation of matp-ase activity, followed by a significant drop between the week 3 ... | 1989 | 2530698 |
| evidence for differential induction of helper t cell subsets during trichinella spiralis infection. | the h-2-compatible mouse strains, akr and b10.br, exhibit disparate responses to infection with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis. the resistant akr mice expel intestinal adult worms faster than susceptible b10.br mice. we tested antibody and lymphokine responses in these strains. with respect to antibody responses, the b10.br mice had 3- to 10-fold more serum ige and t. spiralis-specific igg1 and iga than akr mice. the b10.br mice also had greater numbers of igg and iga plaque-forming ... | 1989 | 2531779 |
| the relative importance of ah versus h-2 genotype on trichinella resistance following exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene. | the relative influence of ah vs h-2 genotype on the outcome of trichinella spiralis (tsp) infections of mice was examined following methylcholanthrene (mc) treatment. female mice of four inbred strains were treated with mc and infected 24 h later with tsp muscle larvae. the strains, with their respective major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotype, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase responsiveness (ah phenotype) and level of susceptibility to tsp infection, were: c3heb/fej (c3), h-2k, ahb, tsp su ... | 1989 | 2539339 |
| molecular characterization of sylvatic isolates of trichinella spiralis. | genetic relationships of 20 trichinella isolates from indiana wildlife were assessed and compared to trichinella isolated from an infected swine herd. trichinella larvae were isolated from coyotes, mink, raccoons, and red foxes. the larvae were maintained and amplified in white mice (icr) and wild mice (peromyscus leucopus). differences in phenotypic characters of sylvatic isolates in the 2 laboratory hosts included an approximately 10-30-fold increase in parasite fecundity in wild mice. dna for ... | 1989 | 2542508 |
| altered smooth muscle contraction and sodium pump activity in the inflamed rat intestine. | we examined changes in membrane function underlying the increased contractility of jejunal longitudinal muscle to carbachol in rats infected 6 days previously with trichinella spiralis. muscarinic receptor characteristics were examined in particulate fractions using [n-methyl-3h]scopolamine (nms). there was a significant reduction in the total number of binding sites on muscle from infected rats, but the affinity for nms was unchanged. similarly, in competition studies, the binding of carbachol ... | 1989 | 2552826 |
| trichinella spiralis as a modulator of shope fibroma virus. | after the works on the promoting effect of trichinellosis on some viral infections in rodents, many studies successively demonstrated that trichinella spiralis confers resistance to many unrelated antigens including pathogens, such as protozoa, bacteria and tumour cells (b16 melanoma). considering the above contradictory results, the present work was undertaken to study, in rabbits, t. spiralis as a modulator of shope's fibroma virus, an oncogenic virus responsible for a benign neoplasia. four g ... | 1989 | 2562107 |
| trichinella spiralis: immunization of mice using monoclonal antibody affinity-isolated antigens. | an antigen epitope was identified from the excretory-secretory products of trichinella spiralis first-stage larvae using monoclonal antibodies, and the glycoprotein antigens bearing this epitope (ts.49 and ts.53) were isolated from the crude excretory-secretory preparation by affinity chromatography. in immunization experiments carried out in mice, antigen priming with ts.49 and ts.53 resulted in a reduction of muscle larvae resulting from a challenge infection at a level comparable to priming w ... | 1985 | 2581801 |
| long-term influence of enteric infection on jejunal propulsion in guinea pigs. | the intrinsic fluid-propelling behavior of guinea pig jejunal segments was reportedly altered by primary infection with trichinella spiralis from day 10 to day 20 postinoculation. after that time propulsive behavior returned to normal. the objective in the investigation reported here was to determine if jejunal responsiveness to an infection is influenced by prior exposure to the parasite. accordingly, jejunal propulsion was examined in guinea pigs reinfected 2 mo after the initial inoculation w ... | 1989 | 2583412 |
| antigen-specific t-cell factors induce isotype-like suppression of mast cell and eosinophil-rich t-cell-dependent inflammation in the intestine of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | the recent identification of a t-cell-derived antigen-binding molecule (tabm), trichinella spiralis factor (tric-f), isolated from culture supernatants of lymphoid cells from mice infected with the intestinal helminth t. spiralis, has led to investigation of the ability of tric-f to induce a t-cell-dependent feedback circuit that ultimately suppresses the production of other tabms with similar (isotype-like) features. this form of regulation that has been identified in contact hypersensitivity a ... | 1989 | 2583851 |
| identification and partial characterization of a t-cell-derived antigen-binding factor from mice infected with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis. | immunochemical and biological characterization was performed of an antigen-binding factor derived from culture supernatants of t cells from mice infected 4 days previously with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis. affinity chromatography with t. spiralis antigen resulted in the purification of a protein, provisionally designated trichinella factor (tric-f), that shared antigenic and other properties with a known t-cell-derived antigen-binding factor of different antigenic specificity, p ... | 1989 | 2592113 |
| differentiation between trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infective larvae by a monoclonal antibody. | crude saline extracts of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infective larvae were studied by western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody, named es/ta2 and produced against t. spiralis larvae. this monoclonal antibody recognized seven major antigenic components in t. spiralis larvae with apparent mr: 45, 48, 50, 68, 70, 92 and 105 kda and five in t. pseudospiralis larvae: 38, 50, 70, 72 and 92 kda. sds-page of both extracts did not reveal appreciable differences in the range of mole ... | 1989 | 2600410 |
| piperazine derivatives of benzimidazole as potential anthelmintics. part 1: synthesis and activity of methyl-5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates. | a series of 5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-2-nitroanilines (4) and 5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates (6) has been synthesized starting from 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline (3) and n-monosubstituted piperazines. catalytic reduction of 4 with pd/c followed by treatment with 1,3-dicarbomethoxy-s-methylisothiourea yielded the corresponding methyl-5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates (6) which were for anthelmintic activity against experimental infections of t ... | 1989 | 2608706 |
| infection of the chinese hamster with trichinella pseudospiralis. | a mean of 2,862 muscle larvae was recovered on day 45 postinfection (pi) from the total body musculature of chinese hamsters infected with 498 trichinella pseudospiralis. infection of the chinese hamster with 494 trichinella spiralis resulted in recovery of a mean of 225 muscle larvae on day 45 pi. the reproductive capacity index for t. pseudospiralis was 5.74, whereas that for t. spiralis was 0.46 in this host species. | 1989 | 2614596 |
| kinetics of iga plasma cells in the intestine of nih mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | in uninfected mice, the percentage of iga-containing cells labelled one day after a single injection of tritiated thymidine [( 3h] d thd) was constant in the upper, middle and lower small intestine. in uninfected mice receiving an additional injection on the two preceding days there was about a threefold increase after the three injections indicating accumulation of labelled cells during the three day period. five days after infection with trichinella spiralis, the percentage of iga cells labell ... | 1989 | 2704883 |
| amino acid sequence of a mouse mucosal mast cell protease. | the amino acid sequence has been determined of a mouse mucosal mast cell protease isolated from the small intestines of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. the active protease contains 226 residues. those corresponding to the catalytic triad of the active site of mammalian serine proteases (his-57, asp-102, and ser-195 in chymotrypsin) occur in identical positions. a computer search for homology indicates 74.3% and 74.1% sequence identity of the mouse mast cell protease compared to those of ... | 1989 | 2706264 |
| the effect of thymus factor x (tfx polfa) on trichinella spiralis muscle invasion in mice. parasitological and histological study. | | 1989 | 2815765 |
| [the level of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) positive cells in some organs of mice infected with trichinella spiralis]. | the percentage of nbt-positive cells in peritoneal fluid, spleen and mesenteric lymph node of cwf mice infected orally with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae was investigated. the highest level of nbt-positive cells in peritoneal fluid was found on the 5-6th and 50-60th day post infection (p.i.), in spleen between the 30-75th and in mesenteric lymph node between the 50-75th day p.i. the lack of reaction between peritoneal fluid cells and newborn migrating larvae at the 15th and 20th day p.i. obser ... | 1989 | 2815767 |
| experimental trichinosis in alloxan induced diabetes in mice. | the course of trichinella spiralis infection was studied in alloxan induced diabetes in mice. the number of trichinella larvae in muscles of infected animals was estimated by digestion of whole carcases and compared with control non diabetic group. histopathological study of infected muscles was also done. it was found that diabetic mice developed very heavy muscle parasitism and their larval count was high compared with non diabetic animals. besides, there was heavy inflammatory cellular reacti ... | 1989 | 2708851 |
| [intrastrain heterogeneity of trichinella spiralis: a sedimentation analysis]. | intrastrain heterogeneity of muscular larvae of trichinellids has been revealed in experiments of free sedimentation and isopyknic division in the density gradient of saccharose, the presence of which is confirmed by the study of morphological characters and infection activity. the presence of intrastrain heterogeneity indicates the necessity of introduction of standard technique for studies of biological characters of different strains of trichinellids. | 1989 | 2717203 |
| complement activation, phagocytosis, tumor growth and parasitic infection after magnesium supplementation in diet of mice. | very little study has been devoted to mg2+ supplementation in the diet and the effects produced upon biological functions. in the present study, mice were given supplemental amounts of mgcl2 or mgso4 in the feed ration, while the following were examined: activation of serum complement, phagocytosis, growth of tumor transplants and infections with trichinella spiralis. increased complement activation, increased phagocytosis, decreased tumor growth and decreased severity of parasitic infection wer ... | 1989 | 2755216 |
| [morphometric and cytologic methods of assessing the host's immune response to invasion by trichinella spiralis]. | morphometric and cytological methods of assessment of the immune response of the host's lymphoid organs to invasion were assayed in experimental model of the white mice trichinelliasis. high informative value allowing to reveal the real processes, causing immune system's alterations in case of trichinelliasis as well as the terms and sequence of appearance of immune responses in various organs, were established. authors suggested methodological approaches to morphometry use and its application i ... | 1989 | 2755404 |
| activation and release of enzymes and major basic protein from guinea pig eosinophil granulocytes induced by different inflammatory stimuli and other substances. a histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study. | in order to investigate the availability and release of enzymes from eosinophilic granulocytes in response to a variety of stimuli, guinea pig peritoneal eosinophils were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal injections of freeze-dried trichinella spiralis larvae. the activities of the enzymes peroxidase, arylsulfatase b, beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, histaminase, cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and the major basic protein (mbp) ... | 1989 | 2759682 |
| trichinosis in the canadian arctic: report of five outbreaks and a new clinical syndrome. | trichinosis is a serious but understudied medical problem in the arctic. forty-nine consecutive cases in the inuit population of northeastern canada are described. most developed the disease after eating raw walrus, and the clinical presentation of most of these cases differed from previously reported descriptions of classic trichinosis due to trichinella spiralis. unlike the classic syndrome of a brief period of diarrhea followed by fever, myalgia, muscle weakness, and edema, the most common pr ... | 1989 | 2760502 |
| lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo activation of complement in mice by infective trichinella spiralis larvae. | very little is known about the role played by complement in vivo during trichinella spiralis infections, although previous reports indicate that it binds readily to the surfaces of muscle stages of the parasite in vitro. in order to study the binding of complement to muscle-stage larvae in vivo, larvae were recovered from balb-c inbred, nfr/n inbred, and swiss white outbred mice from 20 to 95 days postinfection. the presence of c3 was examined by direct immunofluorescence and leucocyte- and eryt ... | 1989 | 2760778 |
| characterization of the ribosomal dna from trichinella spiralis. | ribosomal dna (rdna) from three isolates of trichinella was cloned into phage and sublcloned into the plasmid pbr322. the basic repeat unit of rdna was variable in size, with the mapped clones ranging from 10-12 kb. there were differences in restriction sites within the genic region among the three isolates which were due to variations in the internal transcribed region (its) and the intergenic spacer (igs). three rsai sites were mapped to the igs repeat unit of the isolate af1, and one rsai sit ... | 1989 | 2761574 |
| protection against trichinella spiralis induced by purified stage-specific surface antigens of infective larvae. | the stage-specific surface antigens of the infective larvae of trichinella spiralis, isolated using an affinity column of monoclonal antibody (mab) nim-m1, consisted of four components with molecular weights of 72, 65, 52, and 47 kda, respectively. these four components may have unique as well as shared structural features and appear to be products of the stichosome. when injected i.p. as an emulsion in complete freund's adjuvant, the purified antigens induced protection against infection of bal ... | 1989 | 2771924 |
| experimental and theoretical studies of anthelmintics: oxfendazole and its imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbamate isomer. | mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis were used to test the therapeutic effectiveness of an anthelmintic, methyl 6-(phenylsulfinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbamate, against the immature and adult worms during the intestinal phase of infection. a single oral dose of 100 mg kg-1 of the drug on the third day after exposure to infection was totally ineffective against the adult worms as determined at necropsy on day 6. neither higher unit dosages of the drug, division of the daily ... | 1989 | 2777458 |
| a rapid method for detecting trichinella spiralis larvae in pork using a monoclonal antibody-latex conjugate. | a simple, non-microscopic method was developed for the direct detection of trichinella spiralis in pork. samples of meat were treated with pepsin for 2 h to liberate the larvae, and sonicates were made from the deposit and used in an antigen detection system. in this system, latex particles, sensitized with a parasite-specific monoclonal antibody, were utilized in a slide or tube agglutination test. the efficiencies of these immunological methods were compared with that of trichinelloscopy in th ... | 1989 | 2781716 |
| experimental trichinellosis in horses: biological and parasitological evaluation. | three groups of three horses each were, respectively, infected with 5000, 20,000 and 50,000 larvae of trichinella spiralis. the strain used was isolated from a human biopsy during horsemeat-related outbreaks of trichinellosis in france. transient muscular disorders were only observed in two of the horses infected with 50,000 larvae but none of the horses had fever. a significant increase in blood eosinophils was noticed in 5 horses. serum ldh, aldolase and cpk peaked at the fifth week post-infec ... | 1989 | 2658299 |
| il-2 production, il-2 receptor expression, and il-2 responsiveness of spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells from inbred mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | the in vitro production of il-2 and il-2r expression by lymphoid cells of inbred mice of strong (nfs), intermediate (c3h), or weak (b10.br) in phenotype of trichinella spiralis (ts) rejection was measured during a primary infection. maximum production of il-2 by spleen and mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells occurred at 5 days postinfection. cell depletion experiments demonstrated that lyt-1.2+ t cells were predominantly responsible for in vitro il-2 production. cells from strong-responder nfs mic ... | 1989 | 2785138 |
| genetic control of eosinophilia. analysis of production and response to eosinophil-differentiating factor in strains of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | bone marrow cultures were established from mice undergoing parasitic eosinophilia after infection with trichinella spiralis. in the presence of eosinophil-differentiation factor (edf/il-5) eosinophil precursor cells differentiated and could be identified and counted after a 7-day in vitro culture period. the edf-bone marrow assay system was used to determine differences in bone marrow eosinophil precursor capacity between a number of inbred strains of mice. bone marrow cultures from high periphe ... | 1989 | 2788537 |
| a mechanism for anti-asialo gm 1 antibody-induced anaphylactoid response in mice infected with trichinella pseudospiralis. | intravenous injection of anti-asialo gm 1 antibody into mice infected with trichinella pseudospiralis resulted in rapid acute illness or death accompanied by a dramatic rise in hematocrit values in these animals. the described antibody-induced changes were reversible by intravenous infusion of hanks' balanced salt solution (hbss). these effects were not seen in uninfected mice or in trichinella spiralis-infected mice injected with anti-asialo gm 1 antibody. viability of t. spiralis or t. pseudos ... | 1989 | 2795381 |
| infectivity of trichinella isolates in mice is determined by host immune responsiveness. | a comparison was made of the development, survival and reproduction of 5 isolates of trichinella spiralis in inbred mice. low responder c57bl/10 mice allowed worms of all isolates to survive longer and reproduce more successfully than did high responder nih mice, suggesting that host immunity exerted a dominant influence upon infectivity. one isolate (is-5 (w) -an arctic isolate) had a markedly lower infectivity than all other isolates, and was selected for more detailed study, together with iso ... | 1989 | 2797874 |
| maternal to neonatal transmission of t-cell mediated immunity to trichinella spiralis during lactation. | the potential of maternally derived cellular factors to mediate immunity to trichinella spiralis in neonates during lactation was investigated in this study. female fi rats, infected with t. spiralis, were able to transfer immunity to their suckling offspring, evidenced by a significant reduction in the intestinal parasite burdens of their neonates. when challenged between 2 and 3 weeks of age with 200 t. spiralis larvae, pups suckling on immune mothers harboured 28% and 26% (at 3 and 8 days pos ... | 1989 | 2807373 |
| comparative assessment of a double antibody enzyme immunoassay test kit and a triple antibody enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of trichinella spiralis spiralis and trichinella spiralis nativa infections in swine. | enzyme immunoassays using the triple antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with both trichinella spiralis spiralis and t. spiralis nativa excretory-secretory (es) antigens and a commercial trichinella spiralis enzyme immunoassay test kit were carried out on sera from pigs that were infected with light, moderate and high doses of infective t. spiralis spiralis and t. spiralis nativa respectively. seroconversion occurred in all pigs given infective trichinella larvae although no trich ... | 1989 | 2686832 |
| impaired acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of trichinella-infected rats. | we examined the release of acetylcholine (ach) from jejunal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations in noninfected control rats and in rats infected 6, 23, or 40 days previously with trichinella spiralis. ach release was assessed by preincubating the tissue with [3h]choline and measuring the evoked release of tritium. the uptake of 3h was significantly less in tissue from t. spiralis-infected rats compared with control. in tissues from either infected or control animals, electrical fie ... | 1989 | 2692462 |
| [immunology of infection by trichinella spiralis sensu stricto]. | the different aspects of immune response to the nematode trichinella are considered. the enteral and parenteral phases of infection are evaluated in detail as regards the contribution of different participants: cells (mast cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages), antibodies, complement, inflammation mediators, interleukins etc. the genetic regulation of the immune response, the modulation of the immune system by the parasite and finally the situation as regards vaccination are ... | 1989 | 2698607 |
| ultrastructural localization of antigenic substances in trichinella spiralis. | the in situ localization of antigenic substances in trichinella spiralis muscle larvae was demonstrated at the subcellular level. larvae recovered from mouse muscle were fixed with half-strength karnovsky fixative, dehydrated with alcohol, and embedded in lr white resin. ultrathin sections were incubated with sera from infected wistar rats and, subsequently, protein a-gold complex. the specificity of the immunostaining was confirmed by a control experiment. positively immunostaining structures i ... | 1989 | 2704726 |
| [the role of the muscle cell nucleus in the mechanism of its transformation after infection by trichinella spiralis larvae. ii. histochemical features of the functional transformation of the muscle cell nucleus in the course of infection]. | the activation of muscle cell nucleus in the course of t. spiralis infection, established using morphological methods (part i), has been confirmed in histochemical (histones, rnp) and histoenzymatic (rn-aze) investigations. the activity of the cell nucleus increased from the 5th day after infection up to the complete encapsulation of the larva (30th day) however it remained at a weak stable level in later stages of infection. | 1989 | 2815764 |
| a simple and reliable method for purification of trichinella spiralis larvae using percoll. | | 1988 | 2847376 |
| stage-specific antigens of trichinella spiralis. | | 1985 | 2862082 |
| the effects of histamine and an antihistamine on trichinella spiralis and on trichinous enteritis in the host. | | 1985 | 2863228 |
| trichinella spiralis: genetic evidence for synanthropic subspecies in sylvatic hosts. | isolates of the nematode genus trichinella from sylvatic hosts differ in their potential to reproduce in domestic swine. the structure of the genomic dna from 13 sylvatic isolates from north america and 5 pig isolates, 4 from north america and 1 from asia, was examined and correlated with the infectivity of the isolate for domestic pigs. dna restriction fragment length differences, identified by ethidium bromide staining and by hybridization with 32p-labeled ribosomal rna, served as molecular ma ... | 1987 | 2888683 |
| experimental trichinosis in sheep. | trichinella spiralis spiralis infections were established in sheep by administering infective larvae via gavage or feeding infected musculature. trichinella spiralis nativa infective larvae had a low infectivity for sheep although light infections may be established in some animals with large infective doses. for the most part, sheep were averse to ingesting musculature mixed in a grain ration unless it was camouflaged with molasses. the heaviest infections usually occurred in the masseter muscl ... | 1989 | 2914220 |
| destruction of trichinella spiralis spiralis during the preparation of the "dry cured" pork products proscuitto, proscuittini and genoa salami. | genoa salami, proscuittini and proscuitto were prepared from pork carcasses that were heavily infected experimentally with trichinella spiralis spiralis. genoa salami was prepared with salt concentrations of 2.0%, 2.75% and 3.3%. proscuitto was prepared by two procedures approved by agriculture canada. at various times postpreparation, samples of the various cured products were taken and examined by pepsin digestion and rat bioassay for the presence of viable trichinae. water activity and ph of ... | 1989 | 2914229 |
| trichinella spiralis: the fate of the accessory layer of the cuticle of infective larvae. | | 1989 | 2917626 |
| effects of rat and human intestinal lamina propria cells on viability and muscle establishment of trichinella spiralis newborn larvae. | although eosinophils and other inflammatory cells from the circulation and peritoneal cavity can damage trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (nbl) in vitro, the cytotoxic potential of cells from the intestinal lamina propria, a site that may be the first line of defense against nbl migration, is unknown. accordingly, we examined the interaction between nbl and isolated intestinal lamina propria cells (ilpc), including an enriched eosinophil population, from rats and humans. rat ilpc killed nbl in ... | 1989 | 2918432 |
| a two-particle turbidometric latex immunoassay for the detection of specific igm antibodies. | a simple two stage assay using latex particles as a reaction indicator has been developed for the detection of igm antibodies to trichinella spiralis. in the first stage, magnetic polystyrene beads (dynabeads) coated with t. spiralis antigen were incubated for 30 min with the test serum. after washing, in the second stage, the assay was developed for 1 h using anti-mu-coated latex particles. after sedimentation of the dynabeads the turbidity of the resultant latex suspension was measured spectro ... | 1989 | 2921530 |
| simulation of parasite-induced gut hypersensitivity: implications for vaccination. | antigenic challenge of jejunum from rats infected with trichinella spiralis evokes a biphasic pattern of epithelial cl- secretion, as measured in vitro by electrophysiological methods. peaks of secretion occur at approximately 1.5 and approximately 5.0 min post-challenge. challenge of jejunum from hosts passively immunized with serum containing anti-trichinella anaphylactic antibody evokes the late phase but not the early phase of cl- secretion. since the early phase is mediated by 5-hydroxytryp ... | 1989 | 2925227 |
| [bioenergy metabolism in larvae of trichinella spiralis spiralis and trichinella spiralis pseudospiralis]. | | 1985 | 2933879 |
| characterization of a cell population in thoracic duct lymph that adoptively transfers rejection of adult trichinella spiralis to normal rats. | in trichinella spiralis-infected rats, a population of cells in thoracic duct lymph (tdl) that can adoptively transfer protection to naive rats was identified and characterized. during the course of t. spiralis infection, blast cells appeared in lymph from day 3-4, and only day 3-4 tdl cells had protective properties after transfer. protection was evident in a 1-2-day increase in the slow rejection of adult worms beginning 8-9 days after the challenge infection. the minimum number of tdl cells c ... | 1987 | 2954900 |
| cryopreservation of dictyocaulus viviparus third-stage larvae and trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | in cryopreservation studies with third-stage larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus, best results were achieved by incubating larvae in 0.05% naocl at 37 degrees c to remove the sheath, followed by cooling at a rate of 1 degree c min per min down to about 0 degree c. after an equilibration time of 10 min at +4 degrees c with or without 4% polyethylene glycol-400 as cryoprotectant, samples were frozen at the same cooling rate to an intermediate temperature of -20 degrees c, maintained at this temperatu ... | 1987 | 2956605 |
| the effects of host sex and sex hormones on trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 and t. pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972 in the mouse. | the intensity of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infections and effects of sex hormones, oestrogen (agofollin) and testosterone (agovirin), were studied in spf icr mice with respect to different sexes of the host. males were found to be more sensitive to t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infections than the females. the number of larvae in the infected mice decreased after the application of the female sex hormone oestrogen to males and male sex hormone testosterone to females. | 1988 | 2971003 |
| effect of vitamins on trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 infection in mice. | the effects of vitamins a, b complex, e, and ade on the body weight, eosinophilia, intensity of infection and distribution of t. spiralis larvae were studied in mice. the greatest loss of weight followed after the application of vitamins b complex and e. an increased eosinophilia appeared in the majority of infected mice since day 7 p.i., reaching the maximum on day 21 p.i. in mice receiving vitamins b complex, a, and ade, the increased eosinophilia was observed still on day 60 p.i. the highest ... | 1988 | 2971599 |
| purification, characterization, and immunochemical studies of beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase from the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis. | the exoglycosidase, beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase was purified 600-fold from the muscle-stage larvae (l1) of trichinella spiralis. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), the purified enzyme-active fraction contained 4 polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 100,000, 68,000, 58,000 and 54,000. the beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase corresponds to the mr 100,000 polypeptide as demonstrated by sds-page analysis of the enzyme-stained region isolated from a non- ... | 1988 | 2972930 |
| immunogenetic analysis of trichinella spiralis infections in swine. | the immune responses of outbred swine, inoculated with several different low doses of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml), was followed over 5-6 weeks of primary infection, in order to determine an inoculation dose which could be used to identify genetic controls on the response to this helminth parasite. reproducible infections were established when swine were inoculated with 100-300 ml. humoral antibody responses to different larval stages were evident at 4 weeks using enzyme-linked immuno ... | 1988 | 2974214 |
| [inhibition of plasmodium berghei in rats infested with strongyloides ratti or trichinella spiralis; role of high blood corticosterone in reaction to the development of helminths]. | the plasma corticosterone induced in the rat by the development of strongyloides ratti or trichinella spiralis reaches a sufficient level of intensity to determine reticulocytopenia. the latter is linked chronologically to the inhibition of parasitemia in plasmodium berghei, which occurs when this protozoa develops at the same time as the nematodes, and seems to be the causal factor. this hypothesis may be verified by replacing the helminths with the corticotropic action of a.c.t.h. which causes ... | 1985 | 3002223 |
| hypoglycaemia in experimental canine trichinellosis. | this paper studies changes in serum glucose levels in dogs experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis, and the histological causes of those changes. hypoglycaemia is evident in 100% of experimental animals, and can be attributable to three factors: the reduced absorptive capacity of the intestine due to lesions (catarrhal and desquamative enteritis), high glucose consumption by parasites, or histopathological changes in the liver (glycogenic degeneration). | 1989 | 2815538 |
| modulating effects by trichinella spiralis sensu stricto excretory/secretory antigens of human neutrophil functions. | many parasites are able to modify the host response through different mechanisms, for example host leukocyte function modification. since granulocytes represent the most important effector cells against trichinella spiralis, we evaluated the effects of supernatants of t. spiralis sensu stricto muscle larvae cultured for at least 18 hours (t. sup.) on some human neutrophil functions, i.e. chemotaxis, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction. the cells from blood donors were tested in ... | 1989 | 2815763 |
| release of leukotrienes during rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis from immune rats. | rapid expulsion of the nematode trichinella spiralis from immune rats is associated with an increase in volume of intestinal exudate and the presence of large numbers of tissue mucosal mast cells (mmc) and eosinophils. we have measured the concentrations of leukotrienes (lt) c4 (ltc4) and b4 (ltb4) in gut perfusates and mucosal homogenates at 30 min, 1, 3, 6 and 20 hr after challenge with larvae. leukotrienes were identified by radioimmunoassay (ria) combined with reverse-phase high-pressure liq ... | 1987 | 3032780 |
| a comparison of immunological methods for the detection of trichinella spiralis antigen. | eight immunological methods all using the same monoclonal antibody reagent were compared for the detection of trichinella spiralis antigen. these were based on: (1) the direct adsorption of the antigen to the immunoadsorbent (nitrocellulose membrane, polyvinyl chloride strip or microplate); (2) capture of the antigen by antibodies pre-sensitized on the immunoadsorbent; and (3) latex agglutination. the methods found suitable were: (a) capture radioimmunoassay (capture-ria) (sensitivity: less than ... | 1988 | 3049823 |
| cryopreservation of parasites. | in this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1-2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. infective larvae of the nematode toxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. although motility of previously deep-frozen la ... | 1988 | 3053232 |
| granule proteinases define mast cell heterogeneity in the serosa and the gastrointestinal mucosa of the mouse. | in order to define further mast cell heterogeneity in the mouse, affinity-purified antibodies against a 28,000 mw serine proteinase from mouse intestinal mast cells (imcp) and against rat mast cell proteinase i (rmcpi) were used to characterize mast cell cytoplasmic granules immunohistochemically. on western blot, anti-imcp cross-reacted with rmcpi and with a 25,000 mw antigen from isolated mouse serosal mast cells (smc). anti-rmcpi did not react with imcp, although it identified the same 25,000 ... | 1988 | 3065218 |
| effects of iron deficiency on viability of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro. | the importance of iron for survival of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro was examined. it was found that iron-deficient media drastically reduce the survival of this larva. also, molting of the larvae was observed in the control media but not in the iron-deficient media. | 1986 | 3083574 |
| genetic control of immunity to trichinella spiralis in mice. response of rapid- and slow-responder strains to immunization with parasite antigens. | slow-responder c57bl/10 (b10) mice responded poorly to immunization with muscle larval antigen of trichinella spiralis showing no accelerated loss of worms from a subsequent challenge infection. in contrast, rapid-responder nih mice and (b10 x nih) f1 mice developed high levels of immunity after immunization. lymphocyte proliferation studies showed that immunized b10 mice did respond to in vitro restimulation with antigen, though less well than nih mice. failure of b10 mice to respond to immuniz ... | 1986 | 3085052 |
| immunoglobulin class specific responses to biochemically defined antigens of trichinella spiralis. | a comparison of the humoral response to resistant (nih) and susceptible (c3h) strains of mice, which reject adult worms at different rates during a primary infection, was made following infection with trichinella spiralis. the serum concentration of immunoglobulins of the heavy chain classes igm, igg1, igg2, igg3 and iga were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. antibodies of the same immunoglobulin isotypes to biochemically defined, stage specific surface and secreted components of thre ... | 1986 | 3092169 |
| monoclonal igm/a hybrid antibodies: artifacts due to anti-idiotype (t15) antibodies in commercial anti-alpha sera. | a mouse hybridoma antibody, with specificity for trichinella spiralis, was found to react against both anti-mu and anti-alpha sera obtained from two to three commercial sources. it also had a unique electrophoretic mobility, bound to staphylococcal protein a, and was comprised of a single type of heavy chain (mu-like) and light chain (kappa). however, northern blot analysis of rna extracted from the corresponding hybridoma cells revealed only mu but no alpha message. subsequent studies on the pr ... | 1986 | 3099181 |
| trichinella spiralis: behavior, structure, and biochemistry of larvae following exposure to components of the host enteric environment. | four layers are present on the surface of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis isolated from host muscle in pepsin-hcl. trypsin treatment of pepsin-hcl isolated worms caused partial degradation and removal of large patches of the two outer surface layers. following exposure to bile, only traces of the outer layers remained on the worms surface. these changes in the worm surface were accompanied by a shift from type i behavior, typical of pepsin-hcl isolated larvae, to type ii behavior, (snak ... | 1987 | 3106079 |
| production and properties of a mouse monoclonal ige antibody to schistosoma japonicum. | a monoclonal ige antibody was prepared by fusion of ns-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of c3h/he mice immunized with an extract of adult worms of schistosoma japonicum (sj). the antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against sj with the highest titer of 1/256,000 in an ascitic form but did not cross-react with any of antigens extracted from s. mansoni, fasciola hepatica, paragoniumus westermani, or trichinella spiralis. western blot analysis indicated that th ... | 1987 | 3114384 |
| trichinella spiralis: b-cell suppression does not exacerbate disease in mice. | | 1987 | 3114468 |
| a mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to an alpha-stichocyte of trichinella spiralis. | monoclonal antibodies were generated for the isolation of specific antigens from trichinella spiralis. a monoclonal antibody (ts32d12) of the igg1 class was selected according to its reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent technique. the ts32d12 antibody was purified from ascites by fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified antibody showed a sensitive reaction to the t. spiralis antigen, but not to any other heterologous parasite antigens so f ... | 1988 | 3129718 |
| genetic analysis of expulsion of adult trichinella spiralis in nfs, c3h/he, and b10.br mice. | the genetics of t. spiralis rejection from the intestine was examined in inbred mice belonging to three phenotypic categories of expulsion: strong (nfs), intermediate (c3h), and weak (b10.br). experiments used various worm doses to analyze the day of worm rejection, defined as the day at which 98% expulsion of the infectious dose occurred. the f1 of nfs (strong) x b10.br (weak) was a strong responder and the f1 of the cross c3h (intermediate) x b10.br (weak) was intermediate. analysis of time of ... | 1988 | 3130272 |
| trichinosis surveillance, united states, 1986. | trichinella spiralis is a parasite of carnivorous animals that causes the disease trichinosis. in the united states, people become infected by eating poorly cooked pork products or wild animal meat that is infected with the parasite. although fewer than 100 cases per year are reported to cdc, trichinosis continues to persist as a public health problem in this country. public health officials believe that the reported cases represent only a fraction of the total number of cases, since many of the ... | 1988 | 3148105 |
| schistosoma mansoni cationic egg antigens (cef6): immunoserology with oxamniquine-treated patients and involvement of cef6 in the circumoval precipitin reaction. | the serologic activity of a cationic fraction (denoted cef6) of schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen was compared in an elisa with that of the unpurified soluble egg antigen for the ability to detect human infections and for the prediction of chemotherapeutic success in patients followed up to 5 years post-treatment with oxamniquine. the cationic fraction correctly identified 100% of 20 patients as infected with s. mansoni; moreover, 50% (10 of 20) seroconverted to negative by 2 years post-tr ... | 1988 | 3152779 |
| identification of a 17-kilodalton fasciola hepatica immunodiagnostic antigen by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique. | sera obtained from human patients, calves, sheep, and rabbits infected with fasciola hepatica were tested by the falcon assay screening test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) techniques with fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory antigens in order to evaluate their immunodiagnostic potential. the study included sera from 13 patients infected with f. hepatica or a history suggesting fascioliasis, 5 patients infected and treated w ... | 1988 | 3182993 |
| the surfaces of the parasitic nematodes trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-c3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway. | the binding of human complement components c3, c5 and c9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. this showed that although c3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of c5 and c9; c5 bound only minimally to t. spiralis, and c9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. in contrast, both early and ... | 1988 | 2971916 |
| trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem. iii. epidemiological investigations of trichinella spiralis in resident wild and feral animals. | as part of a larger epidemiological study examining the transmission of trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem, resident wild and feral animals were trapped to determine the extent of their involvement in the natural, on-farm cycling of the parasite among swine. during a 21-mo-study, seven of 15 skunks (mephitis mephitis), one of three opossums (didelphis virginiana), two of two feral domestic cats and a raccoon (procyon lotor) were found to be infected, while five shrews (blarina bre ... | 1988 | 3193554 |
| capillaria procyonis (nematoda: trichuroidea) eggs from the tongue of the raccoon (procyon lotor). | during an investigation to determine the prevalence and intensity of larvae of trichinella spiralis in raccoons (procyon lotor), unembryonated capillariid-type eggs were found routinely in the sediment resulting from 1% pepsin-hcl acid digests of the tongue. the sediment from 36 (90%) of the 40 tongue digests examined contained these capillariid-type eggs. mean measurements of egg width and length were 25 +/- 2 microns and 62 +/- 2 microns, respectively. in addition, the surface of the egg shell ... | 1988 | 3193575 |
| the dynamics of eosinophilia in concurrent infections with trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 and toxascaris leonina linstow, 1909. | the concurrent infection with larvae of trichinella spiralis and eggs of toxascaris leonina was studied under various conditions using 75 male white mice. the changes in content of eosinophilic leucocytes in the blood, as well as the total number and distribution of larvae of both parasites in different body tissues were demonstrated. the primary infection with toxascaris leonina caused an increase in the number of eosinophilic leucocytes from day 4 p.i., whereas the infection with trichinella s ... | 1988 | 2976725 |
| experimental eosinophilia and inflammation--the effect of various inflammatory mediators and chemoattractants. | an experimental subcutaneous inflammation was produced in guinea pigs with peripheral blood eosinophilia. the eosinophilia resulted from two subsequent infections with trichinella spiralis larvae. one group of guinea pigs served as non-infected control. inflammation was induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor and eosinophilotactic factors of lymphocytic or neutrophilic origin. whereas in the control group no eosinophil granulocytic response was observed, this re ... | 1986 | 3013671 |
| strain-specific 1.7 kilobase repetitive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence family in trichinella spiralis. | eco ri digestion of bulk dna from trichinella spiralis p1, an isolate from domestic pig, reveals the presence of families of repetitive sequences. one of the most prominent of these has a monomer size of 1.7 kb, which exists in minimally dispersed direct tandem arrays, with a copy number of about 2800, and represents 2% of the genome. although there is evidence that the eco ri site is missing in some of the family members and that a 1.9 kb variant of the sequence also occurs, the family is highl ... | 1986 | 3027555 |
| the morphology of trichinella spiralis: ultrastructural study of the mid- and hindgut of the muscle larvae. | the ultrastructure of the gut of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae is comprehensively described, based on extensive observations. the mid-gut was composed of a single cell layer of epithelium over the basal lamina, the brush border, the septate junction, prominent glycogen aggregates, and other common cell organelles. the epithelial cells of the midgut were basically uniform, but the lumen presented a remarkably diversified appearance. in the ampullar portion, the midgut accommodated an amorpho ... | 1988 | 3205869 |
| morphology of the alimentary tract of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae with emphasis on the esophagus. | this study was designed to provide a comprehensive description of the ultrastructure of the esophagus of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. although the esophagus exhibited basically the same structure throughout its entire length, being composed of a single cell-layered epithelium, the basal lamina, and the cuticle, some morphological diversity was observed, depending on the level of sectioning. the upper esophagus, devoid of a muscular sheath, was equipped with myofilamentous cytoplasm and a ... | 1988 | 3205870 |
| antigenic characteristics of two strains of trichinella spiralis isolated during the horsemeat-related outbreaks of 1985 in france. | | 1988 | 3205875 |
| genetic control of mast cell development in bone marrow cultures. strain-dependent variation in cultures from inbred mice. | a comparison was made of the capacity of bone marrow cells (bm) from genetically distinct strains of mice to develop into mast cells under defined conditions of in vitro culture. in the presence of conditioned media derived from cona treated spleen cells from normal or trichinella spiralis-infected mice, mast cell development occurred readily. after 21 days of culture mast cells comprised more than 90% of the total cell population. bm taken from certain strains of mice (swr and nih) produced lar ... | 1988 | 3208455 |
| rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in suckling rats: mediation by monoclonal antibodies. | pups born to rats immunized with the excretory/secretory antigens (esa) of trichinella spiralis l1 larvae expressed rapid expulsion when challenged orally. rat monoclonal antibodies specific for esa were produced and tested for their specificity in western blots, binding to intact larvae and protective capacity in suckling rats. eight antibodies had apparently identical specificity in western blots, each recognizing a polypeptide family that included three molecular weight species sized at 41,00 ... | 1988 | 3209237 |
| the sequential appearance of igg subclasses and ige during the course of trichinella spiralis infection. | earlier studies have shown that igg1 and igg4 are the dominant igg subclasses in the specific response during a chronic helminthic infection. it has also been suggested that igg4 production results from chronic or repetitive antigenic stimulation and a correlation between igg4 and ige levels exists. an outbreak of trichinella spiralis infection in poland provided the opportunity to follow the sequential appearance of the igg subclass and ige responses in 15 patients during the early stage of tri ... | 1988 | 3224442 |
| bilateral facial paralysis secondary to trichinosis. | myocarditis and neurological disorders are the most serious complication of human infestation by trichinella spiralis. on occasion, the unawareness of clinical manifestations, the form of presentation and the association of uncustomary neurological symptoms impedes the diagnosis of trichinosis. we report a case of trichinosis with peripheral facial diplegia, meningeal disorder and ekg alteration, with no prior intestinal symptomology. treatment with thiabendazole and steroids resulted in a very ... | 1988 | 3227805 |
| cyclosporin a and trichinella spiralis: anthelminthic effects in immunosuppressed mice. | | 1988 | 3258420 |
| [experimental infection in axc rats with increasing inoculation doses of trichinella spiralis larvae and distribution of the resulting larvae in various muscular groups]. | | 1988 | 3269734 |
| cryopreservation of trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae. | a cryopreservation protocol for trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae is described. larvae are pretreated in 10% bile at 37 degrees c for 1 hr to induce an increase in surface permeability, than incubated in 20% v/v ethanediol at 37 degrees c for 10 min, transferred to 0 degrees c for a second incubation step of 15 min in a v/v mixture of 33% ethanediol: 33% methanol: 34% saline at 0 degrees c followed by rapid cooling (approximately 5,100 degrees c min-1) of aliquots distributed onto glass c ... | 1988 | 3275135 |
| antigens of gastrointestinal nematodes. | nematodes occupying the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of man shed an as yet undefined array of chemicals into their environment. to combat effectively the potentially debilitating disease caused by infection with these organisms we must (a) define the parasite products chemically, (b) determine their ability to induce protective immunity (or to counter a protective immune response), and (c) establish their potential for the diagnosis of infection. whilst it has become clear that "antigens" can be ... | 1986 | 3299889 |
| characterization and mast cell origin of a chymotrypsin-like proteinase isolated from intestines of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | a proteinase was purified by cation exchange and affinity chromatography from the small intestines of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. the enzyme was highly soluble and was chymotrypsin-like in its substrate specificities and susceptibility to inhibitors. it had a mw of 26,000, as determined by sds-page electrophoresis. antibodies raised against the proteinase were affinity purified and their specificity confirmed by western blot analysis. when used to localize the enzyme immunohistochem ... | 1987 | 3323034 |
| increased responsiveness of jejunal longitudinal muscle in trichinella-infected rats. | we examined in vitro changes in contractility of jejunal longitudinal muscle strips in rats infected with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. length-passive tension relationships were unchanged. however, muscle from infected rats on days 5 and 6 postinfection (pi) generated maximal active tension induced by carbachol at significantly less stretch (39.9 +/- 1.0 and 34.3 +/- 6.3%, respectively) than control tissues (66.0 +/- 2.3%). in infected rats on day 5 pi, the maximum tension generate ... | 1988 | 3337232 |
| medium conditioned by spleen cells of nematospiroides dubius-infected mice does not support development of cultured mast cells. | the ability of different conditioned media to support mast cell development from precursors in normal bone marrow was evaluated. many mast cells developed in bone marrow cultures containing medium conditioned by concanavalin-a-stimulated spleen cells of normal mice, trichinella spiralis-infected mice, or mice infected for 6 days by nematospiroides dubius. by contrast, medium conditioned by concanavalin-a-stimulated spleen cells of mice having 18-day infections of the nematode n. dubius failed to ... | 1988 | 3338850 |
| allergenic cross-reactivity of several strains of trichinella in mice and rats by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique. | the cross-reactivity of antiparasite ige antibody responses induced by allergenic antigens obtained from trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis was determined by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) technique in bcf1 mice infected with t. spiralis, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella nativa, and t. pseudospiralis and in rats infected with t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis. our results demonstrate that when the antigen used for the pca challenge is derived from muscular l1 larvae of ... | 1988 | 3338853 |
| suppression of mucosal mastocytosis by nematospiroides dubius results from an adult worm-mediated effect upon host lymphocytes. | infections with the nematode nematospiroides dubius fail to elicit mucosal mast cell (mmc) responses in the intestines of host mice, and suppress mmc responses generated by heterologous infection. larval n. dubius have the capacity to prime for mastocytosis, and to elicit this response in primed mice during a challenge, but only if adult worms are prevented from developing, either by anthelmintic treatment or by irradiation of the larvae themselves. the suppressive effect of the adult stage was ... | 1988 | 3353130 |
| evaluation of a possible functional relationship between chemical structure of intestinal brush border and immunity to trichinella spiralis in the rat. | primary exposure to trichinella spiralis in the rat, while immunizing against reinfection, induces changes in the carbohydrate structure of intestinal brush border membranes. immunity is expressed in heightened resistance to mucosal invasion by l1 larvae, and the change in structure is evident in reduced membrane binding of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin. the possibility that altered membrane composition is a requisite for expression of immunity was hypothesized and this was evaluated by corr ... | 1988 | 3357114 |
| immunocytolocalization study of the external covering of trichinella spiralis muscle larva. | the antibody-binding sites of the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis were investigated by immunogold staining on the ultrathin sections of lr white resin. the antibodies, which were produced in the course of t. spiralis infection in rats, specifically bound to the inner layers of the body cuticle and the cuticle of the hindgut, but not to the cuticle of the esophagus. this is the first report that reveals the antigenic nature of the inner layers of the external coverings of t. spiralis larva. | 1988 | 3357117 |
| histopathological modifications induced by mebendazole and niridazole on encysted larvae of trichinella spiralis in cd-1 mice. | | 1987 | 3452945 |