| quantitative studies on the transmission of onchocerca volvulus by simulium damnosum in the bong range, liberia. | | 1973 | 4744222 |
| microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in a vaginal irrigation specimen. | | 1973 | 4744529 |
| letter: living microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in the cornea. | | 1973 | 4757344 |
| letter: location of microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1973 | 4778195 |
| a comparison of the lesions produced in the cornea of the rabbit eye by microfilariae of the forest and sudan-savanna strains of onchocerca volvulus from cameroon. ii. the pathology. | | 1973 | 4778581 |
| variation in numbers of microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in the anterior chamber of the human eye. | | 1973 | 4785462 |
| onchocerciasis in canada. | the first two cases of onchocerciasis seen in canada are reported. the patients had come from west africa to study in canada several months prior to admission to hospital. the presenting symptom in each case was intense pruritus. one of the patients had early ocular involvement. the diagnosis was made by means of microscopic examination of a skin snip. the subcutaneous nodule excised from one of the patients showed the adult onchocerca volvulus. both patients also had urinary schistosomiasis. th ... | 1974 | 4817212 |
| letter: the effect of levamisole on onchocerca volvulus. | | 1974 | 4818666 |
| the effect of suramin on the immature forms of onchocerca volvulus in the vertebrate host. | | 1974 | 4839003 |
| further trial of trichlorophone (metrifonate) against west african forest strain of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1974 | 4852120 |
| microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in blood and urine before, during, and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | | 1974 | 4853213 |
| the effects of drugs on onchocerca volvulus. 1. methods of assessment, population dynamics of the parasite and the effects of diethylcarbamazine. | it is important to standardize quantitative methods for assessing the action of drugs on onchocerca volvulus in man. there are certain disadvantages to making observations on adult worms removed from excised nodules in treated patients, but a great deal of information on drug action can be obtained by making a careful study of the concentrations of microfilariae in multiple weighed skin snips taken before treatment and at intervals after treatment.before drug trials can be carried out intelligen ... | 1968 | 4881066 |
| the effects of drugs on onchocerca volvulus. 2. the antimonial preparations twsb and msbe. | antimonial preparations (pentostam, neostibosan, stibophen, and tartar emetic) have occasionally been used in the treatment of onchocerciasis without very promising results. the advent of the preparations twsb (stibocaptate) and msbe (friedheim) of allegedly reduced toxicity made it desirable to test them against onchocerca volvulus.the action of both preparations on the parasites was found to vary from one patient to another, ranging from complete elimination of all parasites in a few cases to ... | 1968 | 4881067 |
| the effects of drugs on onchocerca volvulus. 3. trials of suramin at different dosages and a comparison of the brands antrypol, moranyl and naganol. | suramin and mel w are the only two drugs at present known to be effective against the adult worms of onchocerca volvulus, but in view of the unpredictable occurrence of fatal arsenical encephalopathy in a small proportion of patients receiving mel w, suramin remains the preferred macrofilaricide in the treatment of onchocerciasis. it is therefore important to determine the suramin dosage schedules that will produce parasitological cures with minimal concomitant risks of toxic reactions. the crit ... | 1968 | 4881068 |
| the intake and transmissibility of onchocerca volvulus microfilariae by simulium damnosum fed on patients treated with diethylcarbamazine, suramin or mel w. | the best hope for the control of transmission of onchocerca volvulus over much of africa lies in combining larvicidal measures directed against the simulium vectors with chemotherapeutic measures designed to reduce the reservoir of transmissible microfilariae in man.there are few drugs effective against o. volvulus. diethylcarbamazine kills the microfilariae but has virtually no effect on the adult worms. suramin kills adult worms and many, but not all, of the microfilariae. mel w kills adult wo ... | 1968 | 4881069 |
| experiments on the chemoprophylaxis of onchocerca volvulus infection. | previous work on monkeys and on human volunteers led to the development of a schedule of diethylcarbamazine dosage suitable for the chemoprophylaxis of loiasis. in several parts of africa where this chemoprophylaxis is practised against loa loa, infections with onchocerca volvulus are also common. attempts were therefore made to determine whether diethylcarbamazine has any prophylactic action against the latter parasite by making use of chimpanzees exposed to experimental infections, and also by ... | 1968 | 4881070 |
| onchocerca-simulium complexes. v. the intake and subsequent fate of microfilariae of a guatemalan strain of onchocerca volvulus in forest and sudan-savanna forms of west african simulium damnosum. | | 1967 | 4966473 |
| effect of trichlorophone against west african forest strain of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1972 | 5021567 |
| morphology of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1972 | 5025601 |
| studies on factors influencing the transmission of onchocerciasis. vii. a comparison of the onchocerca volvulus transmission potentials of simulium damnosum populations in four cameroon rain-forest villages and the pattern of onchocerciasis associated therewith. | | 1972 | 5038247 |
| onchocerca volvulus causing abscesses. | | 1972 | 5046946 |
| [variations in the number of microfilaria, onchocerca volvulus contained in skin biopsies taken at different hours of the day]. | | 1967 | 5299677 |
| onchocerciasis in kenya 9, 11 and 18 years after elimination of the vector. | elimination of the onchocerciasis vector simulium neavei through larvicidal operations in focal areas of kenya in 1946, 1953, and 1955 achieved complete interruption of transmission. since no treatment was administered to the infected population, the areas provided an opportunity for studying the natural course of the infection in man in the absence of reinfection, with particular emphasis on its average duration and the effect of duration of exposure to the infection. in a follow-up survey cond ... | 1967 | 5303323 |
| reinfections with onchocerca volvulus in cured patients exposed to continuing transmission. | | 1968 | 5303412 |
| artificial feeding of simulium vectors of human and bovine onchoceriasis. | a technique for feeding simuliids artificially in a feeding-tube containing blood covered by a membrane has been developed with a view to studying the development of onchocerca volvulus of man and o. gutturosa of cattle in their respective vectors. a number of different kinds of membranes were tested, but skin from 2-day-old chicks was found to be most satisfactory. s. ornatum, the vector of o. gutturosa in england, fed readily on human and ox blood. the trials were carried out in a constant-tem ... | 1968 | 5303668 |
| [evaluation of 2 immunological tests (skin test and complement fixation test) for the detection of filariasis in populations of upper volta where wuchereria bancrofti, onchocercă volvulus and dipetalonema perstans occur together]. | | 1969 | 5307597 |
| the effects of drugs on onchocerca volvulus. 4. trials of melarsonyl potassium. | the effects of the arsenical drug melarsonyl potassium on onchocerca volvulus were investigated in patients in cameroon infected with the cameroon forest and sudan savanna strains of the parasite. two intramuscular dosage schedules were tested: the first comprised 4 consecutive daily doses of 200 mg repeated once after a 10-14 day interval, i.e., 2 (4x200 mg). the second was a single dose schedule at 7.1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg, with a maximum of 500 mg.in most trials the drug had no immediate action on ... | 1970 | 5309509 |
| [a method of evaluating the density of the microfilaria of onchocerca volvulus leuckart, 1893 in patients with onchocerciasis: technic and reading time of skin biopsies]. | | 1971 | 5317086 |
| onchocerciasis in the south-eastern territories of liberia. with studies on the role of onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti in the pathogenesis of hydrocele and elephantiasis. | | 1966 | 5333986 |
| [morphology of the larval stages of onchocerca volvulus in simulium damnosum and redescription of the microfilaria]. | | 1969 | 5392666 |
| development of the hook in onchocerca volvulus. | | 1970 | 5462489 |
| [clinical and parasitic latency in filariasis due to loa loa and onchocerca volvulus]. | | 1970 | 5468323 |
| onchocerca-simulium complexes. vi. experimental studies on the transmission of venezuelan and west african strains of onchocerca volvulus by simulium metallicum and s. exiguum in venezuela. | | 1970 | 5498785 |
| simulium nyasalandicum (amani form) and s. adersi, two new potential vectors of onchocerca volvulus in the eastern usambaras, north-eastern tanzania. | | 1970 | 5506163 |
| onchocerca-simulium complexes. iv. transmission of a variant of the forest strain on onchocerca volvulus. | | 1967 | 5625702 |
| [contribution to the study of filariasis existing in angola. 1-onchocerca volvulus. 2.-loa loa. 3.-dipetalonema perstans]. | | 1967 | 5629059 |
| studies on factors influencing the transmission of onchocerciasis. v. the stages of onchocerca volvulus in wild "forest" simulium dannosum, the fate of the parasites in the fly, and the age-distribution of the biting population. | | 1968 | 5679813 |
| [natural infection of simulium damnosum with onchocerca volvulus in the savannahs of guinea]. | | 1968 | 5720330 |
| [presence of heterophil antigens in onchocerca volvulus]. | | 1968 | 5751804 |
| [relationship between blood group antigens (abo system) and infection by onchocerca volvulus]. | | 1966 | 5936109 |
| experimental studies on the transmission of guatemalan and west african strains of onchocerca volvulus by simulium ochraceum, s. metallicum and s. callidum. | | 1966 | 5954289 |
| intake and migration of the microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus (leuckart) in simulium damnosum theobald. | | 1966 | 5962367 |
| onchocerca-simulium complexes. i. transmission of forest and sudan-savanna strains of onchocerca volvulus, from cameroon, by simulium damnosum from various west african bioclimatic zones. | | 1966 | 5971132 |
| [study of the filaricidal effect of various drugs on onchocerca volvulus microfilariae]. | | 1966 | 5990455 |
| observations on spermatogenesis in onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. | | 1966 | 6009831 |
| [contribution to the study of existent forms of filariasis in angola. 1. onchocerca volvulus. 2. loa loa. 3. dipetalonema perstans]. | | 1966 | 6011046 |
| simulium vorax pomeroy, a potential vector of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1967 | 6051543 |
| infective filaria larvae, other than onchocerca volvulus, in simulium damnosum. | | 1967 | 6063495 |
| the concentration of onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in skin snips taken over twenty-four hours. | | 1967 | 6063496 |
| quantitative assessment of microfilariae and adults of onchocerca volvulus in ethanol-fixed biopsies and nodules. | ethanol-fixed onchocerca nodules and skin snips were successfully digested with collagenase to assess the parasite load. the importance of this technique for investigations in the field is discussed. | 1984 | 6087506 |
| observations on adult onchocerca volvulus maintained in vitro. | adult onchocerca volvulus were enzymatically isolated with collagenase from excised nodules and kept in tc medium 199 with hank's salts supplemented with various sera. male and female worms survived in the culture medium and 10% human serum on average for about 11 days (maximum 28 days) and 14.5 days (maximum 42 days). up to 4,000 microfilariae were expelled by each female per day, but the production of new oocytes or development of embryos could not be observed in vitro. | 1984 | 6087508 |
| interaction of amoscanate with the cyclic amp-phosphodiesterases from schistosoma mansoni, onchocerca volvulus and bovine heart. | the anthelmintic compounds amoscanate (4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine) and its derivatives cgp 6140 and cgp 8045 are potent inhibitors of the activities of cyclic amp-phosphodiesterases from schistosomal and filarial worms as well as from both the calmodulin-dependent and the -independent enzyme of bovine heart. as shown for cgp 8045 the type of inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the substrate and the inhibition constants were determined to be in the range of 50 micrograms/ml ... | 1984 | 6087521 |
| identification of two west african black flies (diptera: simuliidae) of the simulium damnosum species complex by analysis of cuticular paraffins. | simulium damnosum is known to be a sibling species complex with at least 24 cytotaxonomically distinct forms in africa. of these, six occur in the area of west africa covered by the world health organization onchocerciasis control programme. they are all vectors of onchocerca volvulus, and several are capable of migrating great distances. we report here a comparatively simple chemical method of species identification using individual adult females of pooled samples that have been collected and s ... | 1981 | 6118031 |
| selective recovery of living microfilariae from onchocerca volvulus nodules. determination of optimal conditions for their culture in vitro for excretory/secretory products. | a method for the selective recovery of living microfilariae from onchocerca volvulus nodules is described. the microfilariae migrate through solidified agar gel into overlayering hanks balanced salt solution (hbss). the highest recovery rates of the worms were obtained with 0.3 and 0.4% agar. optimal conditions for in vitro cultures of the larvae in hbss were established; ph range 7.0-7.5, glucose concentration 2-5 mg/ml for long term cultures, osmolality 200-309 mosmoles/l, temperature 4 degree ... | 1981 | 6118034 |
| ige antibodies in human onchocerciasis. application of a newly developed radioallergosorbent test (rast). | a radioallergosorbent test (rast) was developed to detect ige antibodies against adult onchocerca volvulus antigens coupled to cnbr-activated sepharose. twenty-four out of 25 (96%) onchocerciasis sera were reactive. the lower limit of sensitivity was estimated to be at approx. 3 ng/ml ige antibodies. tests of sera from patients with non-filarial helminth infections showed much less cross-reactivity with rast than with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) detecting igg and igm antibodies ... | 1981 | 6118043 |
| efficacy and tolerance of ivermectin in human onchocerciasis. | initial clinical studies in 32 senegalese subjects have demonstrated the efficacy of ivermectin in onchocerca volvulus infection (river blindness). although o. volvulus microfilariae in skin snips were not reduced in number after single oral doses of 5 micrograms or 10 micrograms/kg body-weight, they were greatly reduced in all subjects after single oral doses of 30 micrograms or 50 micrograms/kg and were eliminated completely in 6 of th 8 subjects who received the 50 micrograms/kg dose. all sub ... | 1982 | 6123884 |
| attempts to establish onchocerca volvulus infection in primates and small laboratory animals. | attempts were made to transmit o. volvulus infection to small laboratory animals and several species of primates to identify a practical laboratory host for human onchocerciasis. infective larvae of o. volvulus of guatemalan origin were inoculated into the following animals: rhesus monkeys, bonnet monkeys, golden spider monkeys, black spider monkeys, galagos, opossums, jirds, newborn and adult swiss mice, kinkajou, cebus monkey, normal and splenectomized multimammate rats, and a calf. the animal ... | 1982 | 6131591 |
| detection of ige-binding onchocerca volvulus antigens after electrophoretic transfer and immuno-enzyme reaction. | | 1982 | 6131597 |
| the influence of schistosomiasis on the serum concentrations of retinol and retinol binding protein of a rural population in liberia. | 121 persons from rural areas of central liberia were examined for possible interactions between helminthic infections and the retinol (vitamin a) and retinol binding protein (= rbp) status. about 2/3 of this mainly adult population had retinol and rbp serum concentrations less than or equal to 400 micrograms/l and less than or equal to 40 micrograms/ml, respectively. only one person had a serum retinol concentration less than 100 micrograms/l which is critical for the appearance of xerophthalmia ... | 1983 | 6138976 |
| intradermal reactivity of excretory and secretory products of onchocercal microfilariae. | the intradermal reactivity of excretory and secretory (es) products derived from the in vitro cultivation of onchocercal microfilariae was evaluated. the es products from onchocerca volvulus were highly sensitive in the detection of active onchocerciasis in both liberian and guatemalan subjects. a low level of cross-reactivity occurred in patients with loaisis and in dogs with dipetalonema reconditum, but not in dogs with dirofilaria immitis. es products from o. gutturosa evoked reactions in gua ... | 1980 | 6160775 |
| the major radioiodinated cuticular antigens of onchocerca gibsoni microfilariae are neither species nor onchocerca specific. | the possible role of microfilarial surface (cuticular) antigens in immuno-diagnosis of human filarial infections has been assessed using microfilariae (mf) of the cattle parasite onchocerca gibsoni. a triton x-100 extract of 125i-labeled o. gibsoni mf was reacted with a panel of sera from humans infected with onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti and schistosoma japonicum as well as sera from uninfected controls. results of these immunoprecipitations indicated that sera from humans infected ... | 1981 | 6171154 |
| histochemical enzyme variation in onchocerca volvulus microfilariae from rain-forest and sudan-savanna areas of the onchocerciasis control programme in west africa. | histochemical staining methods for acid phosphatase were used to study the differences among microfilariae of various west african strains of onchocerca volvulus in both forest and sudan-savanna onchocerciasis zones. the results have shown statistically significant differences in the staining patterns of microfilarial populations in the two zones. in the rain-forest areas, where onchocerciasis is transmitted by simulium yahense, s. sanctipauli, s. soubrense and s. squamosum, there were no signif ... | 1982 | 6186410 |
| detection of ige antibodies in onchocerciasis. possibility of using allergens from dipetalonema viteae extracts that cross-react with allergenic determinants in crude extracts of onchocerca volvulus. | the present study reports the presence of onchocerca volvulus specific ige in the sera obtained from onchocerciasis patients. about 70% of onchocerciasis patients showed a raised level of o. volvulus specific ige compared to patients infected either with other human filarids (loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi) or with other helminths (schistosoma mansoni, ascaris lumbricoides, fasciola hepatica). the o. volvulus specific ige level was significantly higher in patients exhibiting 'gale ... | 1982 | 6187503 |
| specific allergic sensitization to strongyloides antigens in human strongyloidiasis. | reaginic antibodies to antigens from the human parasite strongyloides stercoralis were studied by histamine release from basophils in 15 patients with chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis and in 12 controls (six north americans with no evidence of parasitic diseases, two patients with schistosoma mansoni, two with hookworm, one with ascaris lumbricoides, and one with onchocerca volvulus). all of the patients had antibodies to the somatic larval antigens, and 14 of 15 patients also had antibodi ... | 1983 | 6188884 |
| isolation of antigen from litomosoides carinii macrofilariae detecting serum antibodies due to onchocerca volvulus. | crude aqueous litomosoides carinii adult worm extract was used as antigen for the detection of antibodies in sera from african patients with proven onchocerciasis (n = 45) resident in rural endemic areas of togo and sierra leone. in 71% of cases this extract was found to produce 1 to 5 precipitation arcs in immunoelectrophoresis. using a crude aqueous extract from adult onchocerca volvulus, precipitation tests were positive in 75% of cases. the complexity of the l. carinii crude extract was show ... | 1983 | 6192603 |
| [attempt to isolate from ascaris suum an antigenic fraction for use in the immunologic diagnosis of onchocerciasis]. | for the purpose of immunological diagnosis of onchocerciasis, the authors attempted to isolate an antigenic fraction from ascaris suum which would only detect anti-onchocerca volvulus antibodies. chromatofocusing was done on a crude antigenic preparation from the ascaris. immunoelectrophoresis showed that the fraction eluted between ph 5.6 and ph 4.9 contained antigens which reveal anti-onchocerca antibodies; anti-loa loa antibodies are revealed by the fraction eluted at ph less than 4. from the ... | 1983 | 6192880 |
| induction of non-specific human suppressor cells in vitro by defined onchocerca volvulus antigens. | in the present study the activity of onchocerca volvulus total antigens (ova) on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes from healthy donors was investigated. normal human lymphocytes were cultured for 72 h with polyclonal activators, phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or pokeweed mitogen (pwm), together with ova, and thymidine uptake was measured. the proliferation of normal lymphocytes was markedly inhibited by the parasite antigens. the inhibition was not attributable to a cytotoxic effect of ... | 1983 | 6225576 |
| morphological identification of simulium sanctipauli and s. yahense in liberia and comparison of results with those of enzyme electrophoresis. | simulium sanctipauli and s. yahense have been incriminated as the main vectors of onchocerca volvulus in the rain-forest zone of liberia. an accurate identification of the females of the two species which breed in different types of water-courses but are morphologically similar is essential for a proper study of their epidemiological importance and the planning of control measures. various external characters were examined for their diagnostic value by the comparison of identifications using the ... | 1984 | 6240818 |
| [clinical aspects of ocular onchocerciasis in ivory coast nine years after the interruption of the vectorial transmission (author's transl)]. | report of 262 ocular controls in ivorian adults nine years after they left their respective villages in hyperendemic onchocerciasic areas which were flooded consequently to the building up of the kossou dam. after that period 50 p. 100 of the controlled persons have still a positive skin biopsy. on the other hand, parasitism by onchocerca volvulus microfilariae and lesions of keratitis punctata have nearly disappeared (respectively 1 and 2 cases). patients with microfilariae in the anterior ocul ... | 1981 | 6275236 |
| the fine structure of adult onchocerca volvulus iv. the hypodermal chords of the female worm. | the morphology of the hypodermal chords in the anterior, midbody and posterior region and in worms of different ages are described and the amphids, the cephalic papillae and the nerve ring are demonstrated. at the anterior end, the hypodermal cap comprises the sensory organs. close behind, the hypodermal chords are differentiated, and several cell margins are found in all of them. four sublateral chords are differentiated, and several cell margins are found in all of them. four sublateral chords ... | 1983 | 6308860 |
| comparative surface ultrastructure of adult onchocerca volvulus recovered from human nodules by dissection or collagenase digestion. | the surface ultrastructure of male and female adult worms of onchocerca volvulus obtained from human nodules by the technique of collagenase digestion has been compared with that of worms excised manually without the aid of enzyme treatment. no topographical differences have been identified. | 1984 | 6331018 |
| recent developments in the treatment of onchocerciasis. | the treatment of onchocerciasis using diethylcarbamazine and suramin sodium, which can kill different stages of the parasite, onchocerca volvulus, remains unsatisfactory. recent studies have more clearly defined the serious limitations of the existing forms of treatment. however, two new classes of compounds, the benzimidazoles and avermectins, offer exciting new leads in the search for a safe and effective treatment that could be used on a large scale. | 1984 | 6333293 |
| deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein onto microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in the skin of patients treated with diethylcarbamazine. | we investigated the association between eosinophil degranulation, as evidenced by the deposition of granule major basic protein (mbp), and the killing of microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in vivo following treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec). utilizing an immunofluorescence procedure for the cellular and extracellular localization of eosinophil mbp in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we studied skin biopsies from onchocerciasis patients before and during treatment with topically ... | 1984 | 6363816 |
| [management in senegal of the 1st efficacy and tolerability studies of ivermectin (mk 933) in human onchocerciasis]. | in 1981, 32 adult senegalese males infected with onchocerca volvulus but without ocular involvement were treated by groups of 8 with single oral dosages of 5, 10, 30 or 50 micrograms/kg of ivermectin . as soon as the second day after treatment, we observed a marked decrease of the dermal microfilaremic charge after a posology of 30 micrograms/kg. however the decrease is most important in the group subjected to 50 micrograms/kg and 75% of them had no more microfilariae in the dermis 28 days follo ... | 1984 | 6373039 |
| the effects of diethylcarbamazine, mebendazole and levamisole on onchocerca volvulus in vivo and in vitro. | the effects of mebendazole, levamisole, diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec-c), and the combination of mebendazole and levamisole, on adult onchocerca volvulus and on the in utero development of microfilariae was studied in nodules excised from patients in southern mexico. adult worms isolated from patients treated with mebendazole showed a reduction in mobility and contained 40 times fewer developing microfilarial forms than did worms from untreated patients. most of the developmental forms found i ... | 1984 | 6464189 |
| modelling the migration of onchocerca volvulus in simuliids, using a simple compartmental process. | a simple compartmental process, which is time-homogeneous and has differing transition rates between compartments, is discussed. when such a process is hierarchical, with all individuals released into the first compartment, the resulting distribution of individuals over the various compartments is multinomial. this process is applied to the migration of onchocerca volvulus in simuliids and appears to represent successfully the early migration from the stomach through the abdomen to the thorax, p ... | 1984 | 6487721 |
| comparison of heterologous adult brugia malayi and homologous onchocerca volvulus antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for guatemalan onchocerciasis. | to determine the susceptibility of a heterologous filarial antigen for measuring onchocerca volvulus antibodies, worms were compared using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test. control serum samples from helminth-free u.s. residents and from helminth-infected but filariae-free salvadoran residents were tested and compared with serum obtained from microfilariae-positive and -negative guatemalan residents living in an area of endemic onchocerciasis. the results showed that none of the ... | 1984 | 6491844 |
| identification of an antigen of onchocerca volvulus of possible diagnostic use. | adult onchocerca volvulus worms obtained by enzyme digestion from nodules of infected mexicans were radio-isotope labelled by the chloramine-t or bolton-hunter methods. no antigenic determinants were detected in extracts of worms labelled by the chloramine-t method but 3 antigens were detected in extracts of the bolton-hunter labelled worms. two were present in such small amounts that it was impractical to investigate them further, but a major component of mol. wt 20 kda was purified by gel filt ... | 1984 | 6504560 |
| isolation and purification of microfilariae from nodules of onchocerca volvulus. | | 1984 | 6506170 |
| development of onchocerca lienalis and o. volvulus from the third to fourth larval stage in vitro. | third-stage larvae of onchocerca volvulus and o. lienalis were observed to molt to the fourth stage in various cell-free in vitro systems. the percentage of o. lienalis completing the molt was similar in the three culture media and two gas phases tested ranging from 44.8% (1:1 imdm:nctc + 5% co2: 95% n2) to 56.7% (l-15 + 5% co2: 95% air). percent molting in o. volvulus ranged from 0% (f12(k) + 5% co2: 95% n2) to 33.3% (l-15 + 5% co2: 95% n2). all media were supplemented with either 20% fcs or 20 ... | 1984 | 6523561 |
| studies on nodules and adult onchocerca volvulus during a nodulectomy trial in hyperendemic villages in liberia and upper volta. ii. comparison of the macrofilaria population in adult nodule carriers. | in the liberian rain-forest and the savanna of upper volta 189 adult nodule carriers were operated on. from 2231 extirpated nodules 3327 male and 5713 female macrofilariae were isolated. about 98% of the male worms and 88% of the female worms were found alive. the sex ratio of the live male and female worms was 1:1.5 in liberia and 1:1.6 in upper volta. less than 1% of all live macrofilariae were immature in both countries. 22% of the live male worms in liberia were regarded as old. the percenta ... | 1984 | 6541822 |
| electron microscope study of the body wall and the gut of adult loa loa. | the morphology of the body wall and the gut in the midbody region of adult male and female loa loa originating from patients in gabon was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the cuticle of the dorsal and ventral regions consists of ten layers. in the lateral regions the cuticle is thicker and includes two additional layers. the thin hypodermis contains numerous transhypodermal fibres. a row of median cells is situated between the syncytia in each lateral chord. no intracell ... | 1984 | 6591630 |
| detection of ige antibodies in onchocerciasis using a semi-purified fraction from dipetalonema viteae total antigen. | a dipetalonema viteae extract was separated by gel filtration on aca 34 ultrogel into four fractions (a, b, c and d). the allergenic activity of the d. viteae extract and its various fractions was assayed by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) test in rats using mouse sera obtained from balb/c mice transplanted with d. viteae. the pca reaction showed that fraction b was the most potent allergenic fraction of the d. viteae extract. by the radioallergosorbent test (rast) the use of fraction b ... | 1983 | 6600714 |
| the evolution of ocular onchocerciasis in the volta river basin area over a period of five years of vector control. | the results of an ophthalmological evaluation conducted in seven west african savannah villages before and after 5 years of vector control, were analysed to determine the effect of an interrupted or greatly reduced transmission of onchocerca volvulus on the evolution of ocular onchocerciasis. cross-sectional data showed a significant reduction of the prevalence of ocular onchocerciasis in five of the villages, and the rates of irreversible ocular lesions and blindness were generally lower after ... | 1984 | 6608814 |
| [infestation by onchocerca volvulus (leuckart, 1893) of the simulium damnosum complex in the region of bunyakiri-walikale (kivu, zaire)]. | | 1983 | 6615047 |
| selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. vi. onchocerciasis. | onchocerca volvulus, a major filarial parasite of humans, infects tens of millions of people and is a leading cause of blindness. it also causes disabling or disfiguring dermatitis and lymph node involvement. the infection is transmitted by the bite of female blackflies of simulium species, which breed around freely flowing waterways. vector control by aerial spraying of rivers and streams with larvicide has achieved some success in the volta river basin, but other areas are less well-suited for ... | 1983 | 6622890 |
| the fine structure of adult onchocerca volvulus. v. the digestive tract and the reproductive system of the female worm. | the morphology of the oesophagus, the intestine, the ovary, the uterus, the vagina and some inclusions in the body cavity are described in worms of different ages. the oesophagus wall comprises mostly muscle fibrils and a few glandular regions located only in the posterior portion. in the lumen, some material was found. from the anterior to the posterior end, the lumen of the intestine is reduced. the plasm of the intestinal cells of older worms is filled with concentric spherules containing iro ... | 1983 | 6636297 |
| onchocerciasis in the benue state of nigeria. iv. the prevalence of the disease among the population in manor. | between january and december 1981, parasitological and symptomatological methods of diagnosis were used to survey the prevalence of onchocerciasis among the human population in the manor area of the benue state of nigeria. hospital records of different health establishment all over the state were also examined to assess the status of the disease in the state. 911 or 69.8% of the 1306 persons examined were positive for microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus; 135 or 10.3% had visual impairment inclu ... | 1983 | 6642907 |
| onchocerciasis in benue state of nigeria. a laboratory study of the development of onchocerca volvulus in wild simulium damnosum experimentally fed on an infected volunteer. | | 1983 | 6660951 |
| onchocerciasis in the benue state of nigeria. ii. prevalence of the disease among the tivs living in the kwande local government area. | between december 1979 and july 1980, a survey of the prevalence of onchocerciasis was carried out among the tivs in the kwande local government area of benue state. skin snips were taken from 372 people who were also inspected for the presence of skin nodules. skin snips of 61, 72, and 71% of the people examined at kuhe, manor and gube, respectively, showed onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. the proportion of infected people increased with age, reaching a peak in the age group 31-40 years. of th ... | 1983 | 6660956 |
| a case of idiopathic scrotal gangrene (fournier) with perineal extension. | a case of idiopathic or fournier's gangrene of the scrotum is described with unusual extension to the perineum. the clinical features of this disease are summarized. the literature is reviewed for extra genital extension of this gangrene of unknown aetiology. coincidental association between infections with onchocerca volvulus and scrotal gangrene was observed. | 1983 | 6660968 |
| the distribution of the microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of simulium damnosum s.l. in the sudan savanna of northern cameroon. | densities of onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in four volunteers with low to moderate infections were estimated at five body sites by paired skin snips. the landing of simulium damnosum s.1. females on the body of these volunteers was recorded during 12 hours for six days. most flies fed at the ankles (53% and 51%) and calves (28% and 27% respectively) in both the standing and sitting positions. the density of microfilariae in the skin was highest in the pelvic region (24.1 mf/mg) and relativel ... | 1983 | 6665826 |
| studies on nodules and adult onchocerca volvulus during a nodulectomy trial in hyperendemic villages in liberia and upper volta. i. palpable and impalpable onchocercomata. | in hyperendemic onchocerciasis areas of west africa nodulectomy trials were performed. 163 nodule carriers from four villages in the liberian rain-forest and 52 nodule carriers from a savanna village in upper volta were operated on. during the surveys in the villages in liberia and upper volta, an average of three and five nodules respectively per patient were palpated. before each operation a further palpation was done and two more nodules per patient from both countries were found. the nodulec ... | 1983 | 6682581 |
| onchocerciasis in benue state of nigeria iii: a study of bionomics of simulium damnosum (theobald) complex at manor. | results of a 12-month study (january-december 1981) on the breeding sites, incidence and infection rates of simulium damnosum in an area of benue state of nigeria endemic for human onchocerciasis are given. natural and artificial breeding sites are described. permanent and temporary breeding sites were recognized along the rivers in the study area and the intensity of rains was found to be the only factor which determined the permanency or temporary nature of a breeding site. all adult blackflie ... | 1983 | 6685714 |
| parasitological studies on "onchocerca volvulus" eight years after interruption of the transmission in upper volta. | the macrofilaria population was analysed in a hyperendemic focus in western upper volta to determine the effect of eight years of simulium control on the adult onchocerca volvulus. during the first months of 1983 in three neighbouring villages 629 out of 786 inhabitants were examined for onchocerciasis and from 76 patients as far as possible all onchocercomata were extirpated. the macrofilariae were isolated from the nodules after collagenase digestion and examined microscopically. there were no ... | 1983 | 6687050 |
| onchocerciasis in israel. | a 15-year-old boy with onchocerciasis had severe generalized pruritus of five months' duration. he had been born and raised in ethiopia and had emigrated to israel one year earlier. a biopsy specimen of an area of depigmentation on the right thigh disclosed microfilaria of onchocerca volvulus in the dermis. the discovery of an unusual disease in a nonendemic area is an example of the increased complexity of differential diagnosis resulting from the ease of travel from one geographic region to an ... | 1984 | 6703755 |
| the action of diethylcarbamazine on the skin-dwelling microfilariae of monanema globulosa (nematoda: filarioidea) in rodents. | diethylcarbamazine (dec) administered orally to jirds and striped mice (300 mg/kg for five days) was effective against the microfilariae of monanema globulosa in experimental infections. based on the small numbers of animals used in this trial, it is questionable whether the drug had significant activity against the adult worms in pulmonary arteries. densities of microfilariae in the ears (mf/mg) fell by 80-100% of pretreatment levels over a four week period following treatment. there was no app ... | 1984 | 6710601 |
| descriptive statistics for the larval stages of onchocerca volvulus in host-seeking simulium ochraceum. | in four localities of guatemala with dissimilar intensities of onchocerciasis, filarial larvae were recovered by dissection from host-seeking simulium ochraceum. measurements made on over 600 onchocerca volvulus larvae were used to characterize the early first, late first, second, and third developmental stages. the numerical attributes used to characterize the third larval stage and the associated means were body length (657.3 microns); anterior body width (18.9 microns); posterior body width ( ... | 1984 | 6711742 |
| morphogenesis of larval onchocerca volvulus in the panamanian black fly, simulium quadrivittatum. | simulium quadrivittatum loew (diptera: simuliidae), a man-biting black fly, was shown, for the first time, to be capable of supporting development of onchocerca volvulus leuckart (nematoda: filarioidea) from microfilariae to third-stage (infective) larvae. the black flies were collected in chiriqui province, panama and transported alive to guatemala, where they were allowed to feed on a human subject infected with o. volvulus. samples of these flies were dissected over an 11-day period to assess ... | 1984 | 6731672 |
| development of onchocerca volvulus larvae in simulium pintoi in the amazonas region of venezuela. | the intake and development of onchocerca volvulus in simulium pintoi from the parima mountain region of the federal territory of amazonas in venezuela, were studied experimentally. when wild females fed on the lower half of the legs and lower third of the back of an onchocerciasis patient harboring 23 and 264 microfilariae per skin snip, respectively, at each site, an average (median) of 14 (range, 1-77) and 245 (range, 58-495) microfilariae was ingested. however, within 24 hours of microfilaria ... | 1984 | 6731673 |