| scanning electron microscope studies of the mucosa of rats infected with hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | the intestinal morphology of rats given one, 10 or 100 cysticercoids of hymenolepis diminuta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. the presence of this tapeworm causes extensive villous atrophy and fusion. the most extreme changes in mucosal architecture were observed adjacent to the mature proglottides of the worm and in these areas the villi were reduced either to flattened plate-like structures or to low irregularly shaped undulations. the presence of one large h. diminuta resulted in ... | 1984 | 6747262 |
| the influence of immunosuppression generated by trypanosoma cruzi of the development of hymenolepis diminuta in cfw mice. | | 1980 | 6778591 |
| the role of carbon dioxide in the formation of end-products by hymenolepis diminuta. | | 1981 | 6792100 |
| adenosine deaminase (e.c. 3.5.4.4) from hymenolepis diminuta. | | 1981 | 6795332 |
| the antigenic fractions of hymenolepis diminuta; their usefulness in immunological examinations. | | 1980 | 6797131 |
| dietary protein and the growth of rats infected with the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. | 1. weanling rats fed on a relatively low protein diet were infected with several intestinal tapeworms. the weight gain and daily food intake of the rats were measured for 3 weeks before the animals were killed and the adult tapeworms recovered. the tissues of the rats and worms were then analysed for protein. controls were provided by uninfected rats either pair fed or fed ad lib. for comparison, a similar experiment was conducted on rats fed on a relatively high protein diet. 2. the effect of t ... | 1983 | 6821690 |
| trypsin inhibition by tapeworms: antienzyme secretion or ph adjustment? | the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta releases proteins that inhibit trypsin activity. these proteins may be either antienzymes or nonspecific macromolecules that interfere with trypsin. saline solutions with initial ph values ranging from 5.5 to 10.0 were all acidified to ph 5.0 by tapeworms. if the initial ph was lower than 5.0, it was raised. because trypsin activity is inhibited at ph 5.0, this intestinal parasite can protect itself from digestion by regulating its environmental ph or releasing ... | 1983 | 6828882 |
| the rostellar tegumentary cytoplasm of the metacestode of hymenolepis diminuta (cyclophyllidea: cestoda). | prior to scolex-retraction, the tegumentary syncytial cytoplasm of the presumptive rostellar region of hymenolepis diminuta (from tenebrio molitor kept at 26 degrees c) is indistinguishable from that of the rest of the cysticercoid. at 1 day after scolex-retraction differentiation of the rostellum has commenced, the tegumentary cytoplasm containing a small number of membrane-bound, ovoid, electron-dense granules which are absent from all other tegumentary regions of the metacestode. by 3 days af ... | 1983 | 6835702 |
| in vitro tapeworm extract-induced proliferative responses of gut-associated lymphoid cells from hymenolepis diminuta infected mice. | the development of lymphoid cells reactive to tapeworm-associated antigens during the course of hymenolepis diminuta rejection from mice was studied using an in vitro tapeworm extract (twe)-induced cell proliferation culture system. mice infected with three cysticercoids on day 0 developed three adult worms by day 7 but worms were rejected by day 21 post-infection. concomitant with worm rejection was the development of twe-sensitized lymphoid cells which responded by proliferation when stimulate ... | 1983 | 6841961 |
| biochemical effects of thiabendazole and cambendazole on hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) in vivo. | an investigation of the chemotherapeutic and biochemical effects of two benzimidazole anthelmintics, thiabendazole (tbz) and cambendazole (cbz), on hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected rats is reported. thiabendazole was active against h. diminuta at a relatively high dosage. a single oral dose of tbz at 250 mg/kg body weight on day 15 of infection eliminated 100% of the tapeworms as determined at necropsy 5 days after treatment. the chemotherapeutic actions of tbz on h. diminuta were ... | 1983 | 6854471 |
| immune response and immunodepression in hymenolepis diminuta infection in rats. | maximum size range of hymenolepis diminuta was found in rats 22 days postinfection (p.i.) with single or several (3-6) tapeworms. immunologic reactions of the host were connected with the growth and development of parasites. positive results of macrophage migration inhibition test (mmi) were recorded from 7 until 22 days p.i. in infection with a single and to 16 days p.i. in those with 3-6 h. diminuta. the negative results of the mmi test observed at later postinfection times are considered as a ... | 1983 | 6858311 |
| biochemical effects of fenbendazole on hymenolepis diminuta in vivo. | | 1983 | 6874227 |
| survival rates of parasite eggs in sludge during aerobic and anaerobic digestion. | the effects of mesothermic anaerobic or aerobic sludge digestion on survival of eggs from the roundworms ascaris suum, toxocara canis, trichuris vulpis, and trichuris suis and from the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta were studied. destruction of eggs throughout a 15-day treatment period, as well as their viabilities after reisolation, was analyzed. the laboratory model digesters used in this study were maintained at a 15-day retention schedule, partially simulating a continuously operating sys ... | 1982 | 6891199 |
| immunological and histopathological reactions of the rat against the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta and the effects of anti-thymocyte serum. | anti-thymocyte-serum (ats) treated wistar rats infected with 100 cysticercoids of the rat intestinal cestode hymenolepis diminuta showed a delayed destrobilation and expulsion of the worms compared with saline-treated infected rats. this result strengthens previous evidence of an immunological nature of the destrobilation and expulsion in lumen-dwelling cestodes--even in their most susceptible hosts. the migration of the worms in the small intestine during the first 20 days of a primary 100-worm ... | 1982 | 6977126 |
| responsiveness of congenitally thymus deficient nude mice to the intestinal cestode, hymenolepis diminuta. | | 1982 | 6978857 |
| the parasites obtained and bacteria isolated from house rats (rattus rattus linnaeus, 1758) caught in human habitations in ibadan, nigeria. | a total of 169 house rats were killed in different households distributed within five localities of ibadan. a wide range of parasites were encountered. the flea, ceratophylus fasciatus was the commonest ectoparasite found. trichostrongylus columbriformis eggs were the commonest nematode and hymenolepis diminuta the only cestode. escherichia coli was the commonest bacterium found. the incidence of helminthiasis, especially h. diminuta, was generally high among rats trapped in the villages and the ... | 1981 | 7037672 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: the origin of protective antigens. | | 1982 | 7060702 |
| the dynamics of infection of tribolium confusum by hymenolepis diminuta: the influence of exposure time and host density. | survival of hymenolepis diminuta eggs (as measured by their infectivity to the intermediate host) was found to be age-dependent with an expected value of 11 days when the eggs were retained within the faecal pellet at 10 degree c. the expected life-span of eggs under experimental conditions (i.e. extracted from faecal material and placed on filter paper at 30 degree c) was estimated as 33 min. the mean parasite burden of populations of tribolium exposed to known densities of h. diminuta eggs was ... | 1982 | 7063251 |
| course of heavy primary infections and earlier immunologically mediated rejection of secondary infections of hymenolepis diminuta in mice. | | 1982 | 7068321 |
| immunological memory in mice to adult hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | following a primary infection with hymenolepsis diminuta mice were found to be strongly resistant to a challenge infection over a period of eight months. challenge was by three cysticercoids administered orally, or by inserting into the duodenum one 7-day-old strobilate worm recovered from a donor mouse. autopsy of immunized mice 6, 8, and 9 days after challenge showed that challenge worms established but that, with few exceptions, only shunted or destrobilated worms remained. autopsy of recentl ... | 1982 | 7077447 |
| membrane transport of inositol by hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | the absorption of myoinositol by hymenolepis diminuta involved diffusion that occurred at all substrate concentrations tested; at low substrate concentrations the mediated component predominated. the mediated process exhibited saturation kinetics with a vmax and kt of 0.011 mumoles/g of the ethanol-extracted dry wt/4 min and 0.0067 mm, respectively. myoinositol transport was sensitive to changes in temperature, ph, and sodium ion concentration. d-glucose was a noncompetitive inhibitor of myoinos ... | 1982 | 7077449 |
| changes in germinative cell frequencies in the germinative region of hymenolepis diminuta during development. | changes in the frequency of germinative cells were measured daily during prepatent development in five-worm infections of hymenolepis diminuta as well as at regular intervals during patency in five- and 20-worm infections. frequency changes of this cell were found to correlate closely to the normal growth pattern of this cestode during prepatent development. significant changes were also seen to occur during patency. however, the pattern of these changes appeared to be modified as the number of ... | 1982 | 7077451 |
| developmental physiology of cestodes. xvii. some biological properties of putative "crowding factors" in hymenolepis diminuta. | a "worm conditioned saline" (wcs) was prepared by incubation of 10-day-old hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda: cyclophyllidea) from infections varying in population density (10, 50, 100 worms per host). upon subsequent testing on 10-day-old worms from uncrowded (10 worms) infections, wcs prepared with worms from more crowded populations inhibited 3h-thymidine incorporation into dna to a greater degree than did wcs prepared with worms from less crowded populations. wcs prepared with adult worms (20-30 ... | 1982 | 7077457 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: source of protective antigens as determined by irradiation and chemical elimination of immunizing worms. | | 1982 | 7095068 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: partial characterization of the membrane-bound and solubilized alkaline phosphohydrolase activities of the isolated brush border plasma membrane. | | 1982 | 7095077 |
| circadian variation in the distribution of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the gastro-intestinal tract of the laboratory rat. | the circadian migration of hymenolepis diminuta in the small intestine of the rat may be correlated with a circadian variation in 5-hydroxytryptamine levels present in worm tissue, in the intestinal lumen, in the intestinal mucosa, with the amount of fold present in the small intestine and in arterial blood. 5-ht and food levels in uninfected animals were also determined. the 16.00 h stage in the circadian cycle marks both the commencement of host feeding, followed by rising 5-ht levels in both ... | 1982 | 7099709 |
| two-dimensional electrophoretic separation and fluorographic analysis of the gene products synthesized by hymenolepis diminuta with particular reference to the parasite-specific polypeptides in the brush border membrane. | this study is the first demonstration of individual gene products synthesized by hymenolepis diminuta. to identify proteins synthesized specifically by h. diminuta, we radiolabeled adult worms with [14c]leucine in vitro. subsequent one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation and staining of the protein constituents from lysates of whole worms, brush border denuded worms, and brush border fractions extracted from whole worms demonstrates the diversity of the proteins in each of these ... | 1982 | 7110200 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: the non-saturable component of methionine uptake. | | 1982 | 7118370 |
| quantitative determination of inositol in hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | myoinositol and scylloinositol have been identified qualitatively and quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography in hymenolepis diminuta. no myoinosose-2 was detected. myoinositol was unevenly distributed throughout the worm. the scolex and neck regions contained more free- and phosphatidyl-bound inositol. this region also contained more lipid-bound phosphorus, but less total lipid and water. | 1982 | 7119987 |
| mitochondrial nadh oxidase activity of adult hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | 1. mitochondria from adult hymenolepis diminuta displayed a membrane-associated, rotenone-sensitive nadh oxidase and nadh-dependent fumarate reductase system. 2. both the h. diminuta oxidase and fumarate reductase were relatively insensitive to antimycin a. potassium cyanide and sodium azide, at concentrations which significantly inhibited the nadh oxidase system of rat liver. 3. malonate effectively depressed the mitochondrial nadh oxidase activity of both h. diminuta and adult ascaris suum (ne ... | 1982 | 7128112 |
| protein, glycogen, and water content in schistosomes. | the volume of distribution (= vd) of water was measured in schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium, s. japonicum, and hymenolepis diminuta. in the rat tapeworm, h. diminuta, the volume of distribution of 3h-water was positively correlated with wet weight (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001) and this same phenomenon also was demonstrated in s. mansoni (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). the 5-sec vdwater was constant over a range of glucose (0.01-50 mm) and phenylalanine (0.01-20 mm) concentrations in both male ... | 1982 | 7175609 |
| colchicine binding in the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. | a fraction with enriched colchicine-binding properties prepared from hymenolepis diminuta was found to possess many of the properties of tubulin isolated from other sources. colchicine was bound by a simple saturable process with a dissociation constant of 13.2 microm. the binding capability decayed with a half-life of about 5 h. binding was unaffected by lumicolchicine, was competitively inhibited by podophyllotoxin (inhibition constant of 4.8 microm) and showed an apparent stimulation by vinbl ... | 1981 | 7213800 |
| immunologically mediated rejection of hymenolepis diminuta by its normal host, the rat. | the adult tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, living in the lumen of the intestine of its normal rat host was shown to sensitize the intestine. the growth of worms in a secondary infection, given 8, 23, or 41 days after the primary infection had been removed by anthelmintic treatment, was 0.5, 3, and 25%, respectively, of that in the control worms. thus, there is a strong initial resistance to a challenge infection, but this resistance weakens fifty-fold between days 8 and 41 postinfection. even pri ... | 1980 | 7218109 |
| a comparison of the effect of albendazole, cambendazole, and thiabendazole on the larval development of three hymenolepidid cestodes. | flour beetles (tribolium confusum) parasitized either by hymenolepis diminuta, h. nana, or h. microstoma were fed continuously on flour mixed either with thiabendazole, cambendazole, or albendazole (drug concentration was always 10%) from day 1 (24 hr) to day 10 postinfection when the experiments were terminated. all drugs markedly inhibited the development of h. diminuta and h. nana. populations of these species recovered from beetles fed anthelmintics were composed mostly of under-developed fo ... | 1980 | 7218116 |
| ultrastructural investigations on the effect of praziquantel on the tegument of five species of cestodes. | adult hymenolepis diminuta, h. microstoma, h. nana, echinococcus multilocularis, and taenia (hydatigera) taeniaeformis have been exposed in vitro in media containing 0.1 to 100 micrograms praziquantel/ml. already after 5 min characteristic tegumental lesions, that were restricted to the growth zone of the neck region, were recognized using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. within the tegument numerous vacuoles were formed that released their contents to the exterior and finally ... | 1981 | 7222923 |
| histochemical, cytochemical and autoradiographic studies on the rostellum of hymenolepis diminuta. | histochemical studies on the rostellum of hymenolepis diminuta revealed diastase-stable, protein/neutral carbohydrate-rich material localized in the rostellum tegument. the remainder of the rostellum, primarily composed of the glycogen-rich myocytons of the rostellum musculature, is protein-poor, but rich in diastase-labile, neutral and acidic carbohydrates. ultrastructural cytochemical studies, using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide osmium (patco) technique, indicated that the granules of t ... | 1981 | 7222924 |
| migration of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) and changes in 5-ht (serotonin) levels in the rat host following parenteral and oral 5-ht administration. | changes in the distribution of the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta in the rat small intestine were studied for up to 3 h following intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administration of 5-ht. changes in 5-ht levels in the arterial circulation, intestinal lumen, and in worm tissue were also monitored. in all cases following 5-ht administration there was an anteriad migration by h. diminuta. the extent of the migration was dose dependent, the higher the dose the more marked the mig ... | 1981 | 7225951 |
| effect of high doses of gamma-irradiation on growth of hymenolepis diminuta. | | 1980 | 7229320 |
| photoreactivating enzyme activity in the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. | there has been considerable speculation about the occurrence of photoreactivating enzyme in different organisms and about its biological purpose. we have developed a simple, sensitive assay for estimating pyrimidine dimers in dna which is useful in making a rapid survey for the presence of the enzyme. using this method, we have found photoreactivating enzyme activity in the tissues of the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. this parasite spends the majority of its life span in the bodies of its d ... | 1981 | 7264828 |
| effect of electrical vagal stimulation on migration of hymenolepis diminuta. | stimulation of the left efferent vagal nerve (2 msec, 5 v, 10 hz), for up to 60 min in rats infected with 11-day-old hymenolepis diminuta induced anteriad migration of worm scolex and biomass in the small intestine. ligation at the pyloric sphincter prior to vagal stimulation shortened the length of time before significant relocation occurred and increased the migrational response. the results support the hypothesis that work migration is mediated via vagal stimulation of gastrointestinal functi ... | 1981 | 7264829 |
| the rodent reservoir hosts and intermediate hosts of hymenolepis diminuta (rudoiphi, 1819) in egypt. | | 1981 | 7299164 |
| some abnormalities of hymenolepis diminuta (rudolphi 1819). | | 1981 | 7299165 |
| humoral mechanisms in the immune response of insects to larvae of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | previous work has shown that larvae of hymenolepis diminuta are not encapsulated by the haemocytes of the locust, schistocerca gregaria, but are encapsulated by haemocytes of the cockroach, periplaneta americana. the specificity of the cellular immune response in vivo, and of the agglutinating activity of the sera against vertebrate erythrocytes in vitro, is known to differ between the two species of insect. accordingly, the sera of each of these species was tested for its agglutinating activity ... | 1981 | 7301407 |
| the first report in hymenolepis diminuta infection in sabah, malaysia. | | 1981 | 7324140 |
| coupling of mitochondrial nadph : nad transhydrogenase with electron transport in adult hymenolepis diminuta. | the mitochondrial electron transport system of adult hymenolepis diminuta exhibited an apparent specificity in terms of reduced pyridine nucleotide utilization. the preferred substrate for both the minor oxidase and the physiologically required fumarate reductase system was nadh. intramitochondrial reducing equivalents, needed for phosphorylation via the anaerobic, electron transport-dependent, fumarate reductase, were generated as nadph by the action of the cestode's nadp-specific "malic" enzym ... | 1981 | 7328455 |
| purification and properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | a method is described for the purification of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) from the cestode hymenolepis diminuta. when purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, the enzyme had a molecular weight of 70,600 and an isoelectric point of 7.5. kinetic studies indicated that the ph 5.6 was optimal for the carboxylation reaction and that mn++ was the preferred divalent cation; there was no activity of the enzyme in the presence of mg++. apparent km values for the carboxylation rea ... | 1981 | 7328456 |
| effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht; serotonin) on in vitro glucose uptake and glycogen reserves in hymenolepis diminuta. | glucose uptake by hymenolepis diminuta was linear for up to 60 min following in vitro incubation in 10 mm glucose. following the addition of 1 mm 5-ht, with a 95% o2/5% co2, gas phase, glucose uptake by h. diminuta was significantly (p less than 0.001) enhanced, remaining linear and parallel to that of control groups between 15 and 60 min incubation. under air, the rates of glucose uptake were higher, but were only significantly increased by 5-ht during the first 30 min of incubation. in further ... | 1981 | 7329443 |
| the preparation of a fraction with tubulin-like properties from the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta [proceedings]. | | 1980 | 7371945 |
| recovery of larval hymenolepis diminuta and h. nana from the retardation produced by prolonged exposure to mebendazole in beetles. | tribolium confusum infected with hymenolepis diminuta or h. nana were fed continuously on a mixture of mebendazole and flour from day 1 (24 hr) to day 9, 18, 27, or 36 postinfection when they were dissected. in all cases, underdeveloped cysticercoids were recovered from these hosts, whereas all parasites grown simultaneously in beetles fed on flour only had reached full development. however, when infected beetles were fed on the drug-flour mixture for these periods of time and then on flour only ... | 1980 | 7391866 |
| solubilization of membrane-bound ribonuclease (rnase) and alkaline phosphatase from the isolated brush border of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | plasma membrane from the brush border isolated from the tegument of hymenolepis diminuta contains membrane-bound ribonuclease (rnase) and alkaline phosphatase activities. rnase (yeast rna substrate), alkaline phosphatase (p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate), and additional membrane proteins were solubilized by sonication or treatment with the detergents dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, beta-octyl-d-glucopyranoside, sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), or zwittergenttm 3-12 (n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-am ... | 1980 | 7391887 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: chloride fluxes and membrane potentials associated with sodium-coupled glucose transport. | | 1980 | 7409077 |
| the microanatomy and fine structure of the rostellum of hymenolepis diminuta. | the microanatomic arrangement of the muscular, nervous, and excretory systems as well as the organization of the tegument are described for the rostellum of hymenolepis diminuta. an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer of muscle comprise the rostellar capsule, delimiting the rostellum from the scolex proper. a similar muscular arrangement surrounds an apical invagination of the rostellar tegument, the anterior canal. elements of the excretory and nervous systems enter the rostellum bas ... | 1980 | 7415422 |
| seasonal prevalence of the helminth fauna of the wood rat rattus tiomanicus (miller) in west malaysia. | a helminthological examination of 367 wood rats, rattus tiomanicus, in an oil-palm. estate 24 miles north of kuala lumpur conducted during 1973 revealed 8 species of helminths: 5 nematodes. angiostrongylus malaysiensis (54.2% of the rats infected), hepatojarakus malayae (48.5%), nippostrongylus braziliensis (48.0%), gongylonema neoplasticum (0.3%), syphacia muris (17.7%); 3 cestodes, hymenolepis diminuta (6.0%), hymenolepis nana (7.6%), hydatigera taeniaeformis (cysticercus) (12.0%) and 1 pentas ... | 1980 | 7419126 |
| hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda): effects of parasite density and temperature on the water balance of tenebrio molitor and subsequent infectivity of the cysticercoids. | | 1980 | 7440999 |
| membrane transport of aromatic amino acids by hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine) are absorbed by hymenolepis diminuta through a combination of mediated (non-na+-sensitive) transport and diffusion. all 3 amino acids are accumulated against an apparent concentration difference during a 30-min incubation of tapeworms in 0.1 mm 3h-labelled amino acid. inhibitor studies demonstrate that phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine are mutually competitive inhibitors of the uptake of each other, and the uptake of these amino ... | 1980 | 7443301 |
| the influence of hymenolepis diminuta on the survival and fecundity of the intermediate host, tribolium confusum. | an experimental study of the effects of parasitism by h. diminuta on the intermediate host, tribolium confusum, is described. no density-dependent constraints on parasite establishment within individual hosts are evident, although a reduction in cysticercoid size at high parasite burdens is demonstrated. the relationship between parasite burden, host mortality and host fecundity is investigated. host mortality is linearly related to parasite burden, whereas the relationship between parasite burd ... | 1980 | 7443302 |
| human parasitoses in bali, indonesia. | a survey of intestinal and blood parasites of man was conducted on the island of bali, indonesia in 1974. a total of 270 stool specimens from three villages were examined. both ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura were found in more than 90% of those examined, and hookworm eggs in 59%. other intestinal helminth and protozoan parasites found were: enterobius vermicularis, entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba coli, endolimax nana, and iodamoeba bütschlii. taeniid proglottids, hymenolepis dimin ... | 1980 | 7444572 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: worm loss and worm weight loss in long-term infections of the rat. | | 1981 | 7461089 |
| concurrent infections of hymenolepis diminuta and trichinella spiralis in the rat intestine. | the intestinal distribution of trichinella spiralis and hymenolepis diminuta in rats was studied in single and concurrent infections. results showed that the location of t. spiralis was not significantly changed in concurrent infections, but higher populations of t. spiralis in single and concurrent infections resulted in a posterior shift in position. trichinella spiralis affected h. diminuta distribution significantly by causing a posterior shift in the position of scoleces and biomass and a l ... | 1980 | 7463246 |
| cation-induced efflux of calcium from the mitochondria of hymenolepis diminuta. | we have previously reported that ca2+ influx into the mitochondria of hymenolepis diminuta, a rat intestinal cestode, takes place through an electrophoretic uniport system. sodium and lithium were found to induce efflux of 45ca2+ from the mitochondria of h. diminuta. the two cations induced the efflux in a hyperbolic and linear fashion, respectively. the efflux as well as an exchange of external ca2+ with internal 45ca2+ was inhibited by lanthanum. the type of ca2+ transport system in the cestod ... | 1995 | 7554102 |
| interactions between parasites and insects vectors. | this review stresses the importance of studies that will provide a basic understanding of the pathology of parasite-infected vector insects. this knowledge should be a vital component of the very focussed initiatives currently being funded in the areas of vector control. vector fecundity reduction is discussed as an example of such pathology. underlying mechanisms are being investigated in a model system, hymenolepis diminuta-infected tenebrio molitor and in onchocerca-infected blackflies and pl ... | 1994 | 7565125 |
| [comparison of the variability of tapeworms obtained as a result of infecting rats with hymenolepis diminuta larvae of different ages]. | in hymenolepis diminuta wms "strain" tapeworms which were obtained 2.5 months after the administration to rats of 2-month old larvae--cysticercoids++, isolated from tribolium destructor, only one-sided position of genital pores (pgp) developed. the extended 7-month duration of the invasion of h. diminuta larvae stimulates the development of variable pgp already in 14.1% of 2.5-month tapeworms. in tapeworms with exclusively one-sided pgp in the first of the two groups mentioned, the number of typ ... | 1995 | 7571638 |
| hymenolepis diminuta-induced fecundity reduction may be caused by changes in hormone binding to tenebrio molitor ovaries. | aspects of vitellogenesis, known to be controlled by juvenile hormone, are adversely affected by hymenolepis diminuta infection of tenebrio molitor, in spite of circulating titres of the hormone remaining unchanged. it has therefore been proposed that juvenile hormone binding is disrupted at the tissue site level. juvenile hormone iii binding sites were located in the nuclear, microsomal and post-microsomal supernatant fractions of the follicle cells of tenebrio molitor. when jh-iii binding was ... | 1995 | 7596640 |
| thymidylate synthases from hymenolepis diminuta and regenerating rat liver: purification, properties, and inhibition by substrate and cofactor analogues. | comparative studies of thymidylate synthases, isolated from the tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, and regenerating liver of its host, rat, aimed at a possibility of specific inhibition of the helminthic enzyme, are presented. while similar in structure (dimers with monomer molecular masses of 33.7 kda and 34.9 kda, respectively) and parameters describing interactions with substrates and products, the tapeworm and rat enzymes differed in the dependences of reaction velocity on temperature (arrheniu ... | 1995 | 7599165 |
| phosphate metabolites of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) infected with metacestodes of hymenolepis diminuta. | in vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31p nmr) spectra and those of extracts of tenebrio molitor l. infected with metacestodes of hymenolepis diminuta r. showed modifications in the amounts of phosphorous-containing metabolites when compared with those of uninfected beetles. infected females were more affected than infected males, having significantly more glucose-6-phosphate (glu-6-p), glycerol-3-phosphate (gly-3-p), and phosphorylethanolamine (pe), but less inorganic orthophosphate ... | 1995 | 7616510 |
| the minimum effective dose of praziquantel in treatment of hymenolepis diminuta in rats. | to determine the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against hymenolepis diminuta in rats, 5.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0.05 mg/kg praziquantel were given to each of five experimentally infected rats in six groups. faecal samples from each rat were examined on ten consecutive days following treatment. the rats were killed and examined for worms on day 10. based on the results of faecal examination and autopsy, the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against hym ... | 1995 | 7622798 |
| hymenolepis diminuta metacestodes (cysticeroids) are unable to utilize exogenous trehalose. | cysticercoids (metacestodes) of hymenolepis diminuta were incubated in tyrode's salt solution (ph 7.2) containing 1.25 mm or 40 mm trehalose for 5 or 18 hr, and the amounts of trehalose remaining in the media were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. no differences were detected in the amounts of trehalose remaining in control (no cysticercoids) or experimental incubations under any of the experimental conditions. thus, cysticercoids are apparently unable to utilize trehalose pr ... | 1995 | 7623215 |
| application of metabolic control analysis to the pathways of carbohydrate breakdown in hymenolepis diminuta. | the application of metabolic control theory to carbohydrate breakdown in the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta shows that it is not necessary for both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase to be modulated in order to control the relative fluxes through the two arms of the phosphoenolpyruvate branchpoint. changes in activity of enzymes outside of the two branches also influence the flux ratio. control coefficients of individual enzymes for the fluxes through phosphoenolpyruvate carbox ... | 1995 | 7635618 |
| intensified morphological variability during patency in hymenolepis diminuta originating from inbred tapeworm--wms il1. | variable position of genital ducts and pores (pgp) was found in 23.3% of five months old tapeworms obtained as a result of administering to rats a dose of 6 cysticercoids proceeding from the third generation of inbred hymenolepis diminuta--wms il1. in tapeworms coming from generations no 18 and 32 pgp changes were reported only in 7.5 month, with only 5.9% of strobilas in the 32 generation group being characterized by this feature. these results indicate a time shift with respect to the appearan ... | 1995 | 7638962 |
| ca2+/mg(2+)-dependent atpase activity in hymenolepis diminuta mitochondria. | ca2+ and mg2+ caused a concentration-dependent activation of atp hydrolysis by mitochondrial membranes of hymenolepis diminuta, a rat intestinal cestode. ca2+ was the more potent, but mg2+ the more effective. the lineweaver-burk plot yielded km and vmax values of 1.15 nm and 217.4 nmol pi min-1 mg-1 protein for ca(2+)-dependent activity, and 1.86 mm and 333.3 nmol pi min-1 mg-1 protein for mg(2+)-dependent activity, respectively. neither na+ nor k+, nor a combination of the two cations, induced ... | 1995 | 7676597 |
| cytological studies on three hymenolepidid species. | the karyotypes of vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis diminuta and vampirolepis erinacei (cestoda: cyclophyllidea) have been described. the number of chromosomes in the diploid cell of the studied taxa was 2n = 12. the absolute and the relative lengths of the chromosomes of v. nana and h. diminuta were measured. the chromosomes had similar metric values. in the karyotypes of v. nana and h. diminuta there were ten one-arm chromosomes and one two-arm chromosome (the third in length in the karyotype of ... | 1994 | 7706680 |
| beige (bg) rat: its usefulness for examining the relation of mastocytosis to worm loss shown in da strain infected with hymenolepis diminuta. | | 1995 | 7725406 |
| electrical field-stimulated release of l-[g-3h]-glutamate from tissue slices of the cestode hymenolepis diminuta. | the release of preloaded [3h]-l-glutamate by tissue slices of hymenolepis diminuta was examined by the technique of electrical field stimulation. for tissues slices in balanced saline, a high-field strength of 1.78 a resulted in a highly elevated increase in the rate of release of radiolabel, which was suppressed in calcium-free saline. this technique may prove useful for screening helminth tissues for potential neurotransmitters. | 1995 | 7731928 |
| an acute dose of monosodium l-glutamate causes decreased fecundity and enhanced loss of the cestode hymenolepis diminuta from rats. | a method for the rapid quantitative analysis of eggs in the feces of rats infested with hymenolepis diminuta is described. in one experiment, eggs in the feces of individual rats were monitored for 8 days. rats were provided with 1 ml saline vehicle or with 0.1 or 1 g monosodium glutamate (msg) by stomach tube and egg production was monitored. egg production decreased in saline vehicle-treated rats, but the decrease was significantly greater in the group treated with 1 g msg. there was no signif ... | 1995 | 7770425 |
| mitochondrial nadh-->nad transhydrogenation in adult hymenolepis diminuta. | adult hymenolepis diminuta mitochondria catalyze a transhydrogenation reaction between nadph and nad and between nadh and nad. the nadph-->nad reaction is catalyzed by an inner membrane-associated pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, whereas the nadh-->nad reaction is ostensibly catalyzed by another system(s). the source(s) of nadh-->nad activity was evaluated by assessments of its intramitochondrial distribution and thermal lability and by comparisons with the distribution/thermal lability of ... | 1995 | 7776119 |
| microsomal juvenile hormone binding proteins in the follicle cells of tenebrio molitor. | the microsomal fraction of tenebrio molitor follicle cells has been found to contain both high and low affinity binding sites for juvenile hormone (jh) iii. using scatchard analysis, the equilibrium dissociation constants, kd, were calculated as 1.0 x 10(-8) and 4.3 x 10(-7) m respectively. kinetic data support a rapid binding of the hormone to the site(s), with rate constants of ka = 3.77 x 10(8) m-1 min-1 and kd = 0.0075 min-1. affinity of the binding site(s) for jh iii was higher than for eit ... | 1995 | 7787845 |
| effect of cations and anthelmintics on enzymes of respiratory chains of the cestode hymenolepis diminuta. | the enzymes involved in the catabolism of malate namely fumarate reductase, nadh oxidase, "malic" enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase as well as nadph:nad transhydrogenase, which is involved in the electron transport chain, were studied in hymenolepis diminuta, a rat intestinal tapeworm. among cations, k+ had no effect on any enzyme whereas ca2+ and mg2+ showed an increase or decrease of varying degrees of different enzyme activities. most of the compounds, which have been synthesized b ... | 1994 | 7849634 |
| infection of tribolium beetles with a tapeworm: variation in susceptibility within and between beetle species and among genetic strains. | host susceptibility and resistance to parasites are often hypothesized to be genetically variable traits. we tested 2 species of tribolium flour beetles for among-strain variation in susceptibility to the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. twelve genetic strains of tribolium confusum and 11 strains of tribolium castaneum were examined. we found t. castaneum was more susceptible to the tapeworm than t. confusum. there was significant among-strain and between-sex variation for both beetle species ... | 1995 | 7876975 |
| partial characterization of the carbohydrates of the eggs (oncospheres) of the tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. | the carbohydrate constituents of whole eggs and fractions derived from the eggs of hymenolepis diminuta were partly characterized. whole eggs contained 9.6 ng of carbohydrate (phenol-sulphuric acid-positive material) per egg, and 3.6 ng of glucose. analysis of hydrolysed eggs by hplc demonstrated the presence of glucose, galactose, glycerol, n-acetylgalactosamine, and 2-deoxyribose. isolated egg shells and the koh-stable, ethanol-precipitable fraction (putative glycogen) of eggs contained 26 and ... | 1995 | 7885741 |
| occurrence and characterization of a low-affinity choline uptake mechanism in the internal tissues of the cestode hymenolepis diminuta. | [3h]choline was taken up by tissue slices of the cestode hymenolepis diminuta by sodium-dependent and sodium-independent mechanisms. the sodium-dependent uptake was saturable, against an apparent concentration gradient, and by analysis of the kinetics of uptake could be delineated into a high-affinity choline uptake (hachu) mechanism (kt of approximately 2.0 microm; vmax of approximately 0.15 pmol/mg wet weight tissue/min), and a low-affinity choline uptake (lachu) mechanism (kt of approximately ... | 1994 | 7894887 |
| partial characterization of the protein and carbohydrate constituents of the egg shell of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda). | the egg shell of hymenolepis diminuta is composed of 31.7% protein and 2.9% carbohydrate (by weight), as determined using the lowry and phenol-sulfuric acid assays and bovine serum albumin and glucose, respectively, as standards. amino acid analyses of egg shells demonstrated the presence of 16 naturally occurring amino acids and six unidentified residues. histidine accounted for > 22% of the amino acid residues. hypochlorite-solubilized egg shells were fractionated using a combination of gel, h ... | 1994 | 7928073 |
| partial characterization and time course analysis of hymenolepis diminuta coproantigens. | an analysis of hymenolepis diminuta specific antigens in infected rat faeces was carried out. using a capture type antibody sandwich elisa assay based on a hyperimmune rabbit anti-worm somatic antisera it was demonstrated that, although antigen was present in faeces before patency, the onset of egg production led to a sharp increase in the levels of parasite antigen in the faeces. levels of antigen in host faeces were independent of worm burden. parasite eggs did not contribute significantly to ... | 1994 | 7930463 |
| [the effect of ionizing radiation on various factors of natural immunity of hamsters under normal conditions and during invasion with the cestode, hymenolepis diminuta]. | effect of single and chronic irradiation on factors of hamsters natural immunity such as complement, lysozyme and antibodies in norm and in the cestode invasion has been investigated. significant phase changes in the complement activity level, lysozyme content and specific antibodies titre have been shown to occur in hamster blood under the influence of ionizing radiation. cestode invasion in irradiated host organism increases the negative effect of ionizing radiation on the hamster immune syste ... | 1994 | 7951874 |
| the distribution of calmodulin/calmodulin binding proteins in the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. | live tapeworms have been fixed to retain antigenicity of their proteins, and subsequently prepared for electron microscopy. thin sections of tapeworms were prepared from resin blocks. sections were immunocytochemically labelled using a colloidal gold probe and viewed using transmission electron microscopy. calmodulin was detected associated with cellular structures to which calmodulin has previously been linked in other higher eukaryotes. calmodulin would appear to have a similar role of importa ... | 1994 | 7953068 |
| hymenolepis diminuta: two morphologically distinct tegumental secretory mechanisms are present in the cestode. | the free-surface of the tapeworm's tegument was examined for morphological evidence of secretion after fixation by rapid freezing-freeze substitution and alternatively by immersion in low concentrations of glutaraldehyde maintained at room temperature. after low-aldehyde fixation, omega profiles were at the bases of tegumental microvilli, arguing for the participation of some of the ectocytoplasm's vesicles in secretion of their contents to the intestinal lumen. the almost instantaneous fixation ... | 1994 | 7957751 |
| fmrfamide-related peptides in hymenolepis diminuta: immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay. | the localization of fmrfamide-related peptide (farp) immunoreactivity was determined during different stages of development of the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. in the adult worm (14 days old), farp immunostaining was most intense in the scolex and concentrated in the central nervous system (cerebral ganglia and transverse commissures) and around the lips of the suckers. in the strobila, medial and lateral longitudinal nerve cords (lncs) and ladder-like connecting commissures were the only ... | 1994 | 7971923 |
| intestinal myoelectric alterations in rats chronically infected with the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. | this study determined that intestinal myoelectric activity was profoundly altered during a strictly luminal, chronic, tapeworm infection. chronically implanted bipolar electrodes were attached to five sites on the serosal surface of the rat small intestine. one was placed on the duodenum, three on the jejunum, and the fifth on the ileum. electromyographic recording in nonfasted unanesthetized animals was begun at day 5 postsurgery. all electromyographic recordings were analyzed for slow wave (sw ... | 1994 | 7977747 |
| effect of metacestodes of hymenolepis diminuta on storage and circulating carbohydrates in the intermediate host, tenebrio molitor. | the metamorphosis of oncospheres of the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, to mature metacestodes induces several pathophysiological effects in the intermediate host, tenebrio molitor (coleoptera). previous investigations have failed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for changes in the host reproductive physiology and behaviour. this work forms part of an assessment of the degree to which nutrient resource management may be involved in these interactions. we report that developing metacest ... | 1994 | 8008461 |
| worm burden and mucosal mast cell response in da and f344/n rat strains infected with hymenolepis diminuta. | after oral administration of 1 or 5 cysticercoids of hymenolepis diminuta, 5-week-old da male rats showed significant mastocytosis. in f344/n rats, however, neither mastocytosis nor worm loss occurred during a 6 week infection. with regard to mucosal mast cell response to infection with h. diminuta, da rats can be looked on as high responders and f344/n rats as low responders. | 1994 | 8026910 |
| the effect of sodium ions on the excystment of hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids. | | 1994 | 8050754 |
| failure to demonstrate suppressor t cell activity in the lamina propria of hymenolepis diminuta-infected rats. | the aim of this study was to examine whether there was an increase of suppressor t cells, relative to helper t cells, in the intestinal lamina propria of hymenolepis diminuta-infected rats, a condition which might allow the parasite to survive for the life-span of the host. lamina propria cells were isolated by enzymatic procedure. all lymphocytes were passed over nylon wool columns in order to remove b cells; then the t cells were purified by a panning technique using monoclonal anti-t cell ant ... | 1993 | 8099597 |
| quantification of the control of carbohydrate catabolism in the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. | the elasticities for the different steps of carbohydrate catabolism in the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta were estimated from perturbation experiments. these data were then used to calculate flux and metabolite control coefficients. enzyme elasticities were also calculated from the rate equations and an independent estimate of the flux control coefficients for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was made by inhibitor titration. the values obtained for the flux control coefficients for carbohydrate ... | 1993 | 8123248 |
| the rapid development of the glucose transport system in the excysted metacestode of hymenolepis diminuta. | temporal changes in glucose transport capacity in excysted scoleces of hymenolepis diminuta were examined. assays involved incubation for 1 min in [3h]glucose after pre-incubation for 1 min to 8 h in saline. there were two abrupt increases in uptake velocity, a relatively small one between 15 and 75 min, and a large one between 5 and 6 h, during which the vmax increased from 0.36 to 2.49 nmol/25 larvae/h. the second increase was unaffected when the pre-incubation saline contained 5 mm glucose, b ... | 1994 | 8159466 |
| interaction of 2-thio-5-fluoro-dump and 4-thio-5-fluoro-dump with mammalian normal and tumour and helminthic thymidylate synthases: influence of c(4)-substituents on specificity for enzyme inactivation. | to determine how 5-fluoro-dump modifications may affect its specificity, 2-thio-5-fluoro-dump and 4-thio-5-fluoro-dump were compared as inhibitors of thymidylate synthases isolated from parental and fdurd-resistant mouse leukemia l1210 cells, human and rat colon adenocarcinomas, regenerating rat liver and the tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, differing in sensitivity to time- and n5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent inactivation by 5-fluoro-dump (ki values ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-7) m). in ... | 1993 | 8216262 |
| preparation of the oncospheres of the cestode, hymenolepis diminuta for experimental studies. | the paper deals with methods facilitating the preparation of oncospheres of the cestode, hymenolepis diminuta, for experimental studies. described in detail are procedures for the infection of the definitive hosts with the oncospheres; collection and artificial hatching of oncospheres; purification of hexacanths; preparation of extracts from the hexacanths; and preparation of hexacanths for electronmicroscopic studies. | 1993 | 8237007 |
| in vitro protein synthesis in hymenolepis diminuta, a rat intestinal cestode. | helminth parasitic infestations are of great concern to the health of man and other animals. limited studies have been carried out on the process of protein synthesis which, apart from having academic importance, could possibly provide a target for drug attack. in the present study distribution pattern of newly synthesized proteins in hymenolepis diminuta, a rat intestinal cestode, has been worked out. the worms absorbed and incorporated about 21% and 3.8% of the amino acids added to the incubat ... | 1993 | 8275025 |
| 1h nmr study of metabolic alterations in the small intestine of rats infected with hymenolepis diminuta. | 1h nmr spectra of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissues of the small intestine of a rat showed metabolic gradients. 2. the concentrations of metabolites in these gut regions were altered by the presence of the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta. 3. in the infected duodenum there was significantly less glycogen, glucose and phosphocreatine/creatine, but significantly more lactate than in the corresponding controls. 4. infected jejunum contained significantly less betaine but significantly more succi ... | 1993 | 8288027 |
| ultrastructure of the gravid uterus of hymenolepis diminuta (platyhelminthes: cestoda). | the fine structure of the uterus in gravid proglottids of hymenolepis diminuta was examined by standard techniques for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the uterus consisted of a syncytial uterine epithelium attached to the medullary parenchyma through a thin extracellular basal matrix. the epithelium contained prominent nuclei in the juxtalumenal cytoplasm. the cytoplasm was dominated by extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum, with dilated cisternae containing an electron-lucent ... | 1993 | 8331479 |
| molecular modeling: a tool for predicting anthelmintic activity in vivo. | the structural and electronic features of the broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic mebendazole [mbz, methyl 5-(benzoyl)-benzimidazole-2-carbamate] have been determined using a combination of quantum mechanics, molecular graphics, and molecular modeling techniques. using conformational analyses and quantum mechanics, we found that the three-dimensional structure and electronic features of mbz were consistent with those previously reported for highly active broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthel ... | 1993 | 8415561 |
| a study of carbohydrate metabolism in the eggs (oncospheres) of the tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, with special reference to glucose. | when incubated in vitro for 24 h, intact eggs, chemically shelled eggs (obtained by treating intact eggs with naocl), activated larvae (eggs in which the outer shell and inner envelope were removed), and oncospheres (activated larvae treated with papain to remove the embryophore) absorb and metabolize radioactive glucose. intact eggs, which are covered by the impermeable shell, absorb only small amounts of exogenous radioactive glucose, while chemically shelled eggs, activated larvae, and oncosp ... | 1993 | 8446473 |