| control of morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium on pemba island: programme organization and management. | a programme to control urinary schistosomiasis was initiated on pemba island in january 1986 with the objectives of eliminating morbidity due to s. haematobium by utilizing a primary health care approach of strengthening the existing health care delivery system and creating a sound basis for future control of other parasitic and communicable diseases. the plan of action included training of rural health assistants to undertaken an intervention phase targeted to schools for selective population c ... | 1989 | 2505381 |
| effects of borehole wells on water utilization in schistosoma haematobium endemic communities in coast province, kenya. | to determine the impact of the introduction of borehole wells on water use patterns and the consequent risk of transmission of schistosoma haematobium in 3 endemic villages in kenya, we performed a survey (a 1:6 sample of affected households) to identify sources of water and types of water utilization before and after well introduction. water usage was also determined in 2 unaffected neighboring villages not given borehole wells, but having continuous access to piped water from communal taps. pr ... | 1989 | 2505626 |
| schistosoma bovis as an immunological analogue of s. haematobium. | the host-parasite relationships of schistosoma bovis and s. haematobium have been compared in normal and t-cell-deprived mice, and have been found to contrast with that of s. mansoni. deprived mice infected with either of the former two schistosome species survived as long as, or longer than, comparably infected immunologically intact controls, and hepatocytes of infected deprived mice were not damaged in the absence of granuloma formation. s. mansoni-infected deprived mice, however, die earlier ... | 1989 | 2506507 |
| specific cross-protection between schistosoma bovis and s. haematobium induced by highly irradiated infections in mice. | significant levels of resistance against schistosoma haematobium challenge were developed by mice exposed to highly irradiated (20 krad) cercariae of the homologous species (46-53%) or of the closely related species, s. bovis (34-56%) but not of s. mansoni (-6-28%). this ability to cross-protect reflects the phylogenetic relationships between these species; s. mansoni and s. bovis, as well as s. mansoni and s. haematobium, failed to cross-protect. the cross-protection demonstrated between s. bov ... | 1989 | 2506508 |
| endemicity, focality and seasonality of transmission of human schistosomiasis in amagunze village, eastern nigeria. | the pattern of transmission of human schistosomiasis was studied in amagunze village, eastern nigeria, during 1986-1987. the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium in 119 schoolboys aged 5-12 years was 79%. the geometric mean of intensity of infection was 49 eggs/10 ml urine and the frequency of visible haematuria was 25.2%. no s. mansoni infections were demonstrated. a marked seasonality in population density of bulinus truncatus, b. forskalii and biomphalaria pfeifferi was demonstrated with red ... | 1989 | 2507628 |
| single dose metrifonate or praziquantel treatment in kenyan children. i. effects on schistosoma haematobium, hookworm, hemoglobin levels, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. | the relationships between s. haematobium, hookworm, malaria, hemoglobin level, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly before and 8 months after treatment with a single dose of metrifonate or praziquantel were studied in kenyan primary schoolchildren in an area where anemia, s. haematobium, and hookworm are common and malaria is holoendemic. children with light to moderate s. haematobium infection were examined (exam 1), assigned at random to groups receiving placebo (pl, n = 104), metrifonate (mt, n = 1 ... | 1989 | 2508501 |
| single dose metrifonate or praziquantel treatment in kenyan children. ii. effects on growth in relation to schistosoma haematobium and hookworm egg counts. | we studied the growth of comparable groups of children with light to moderate schistosoma haematobium infections who received a single dose of metrifonate (mt, 10 mg/kg), praziquantel (pr, 40 mg/kg), or a placebo (pl). children were re-examined 8 months later. the mt and pr groups gained significantly more than the placebo group in weight, percent weight for age, percent weight for height, arm circumference, and in triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. the mt and pr groups did not differ ... | 1989 | 2508502 |
| radiological changes and circulating immune complexes in patients with urinary schistosomiasis. | the degree of infection and the urographic picture was correlated to the presence and level of circulating immune complexes (cics) in 69 patients affected by urinary schistosomiasis. patients were divided into 2 groups: those eliminating less and those eliminating more than 25 eggs/10 ml of urine. radiological changes in the urinary tract were present in 67% of patients, the most frequent finding being single or multiple filling defects in the bladder. cics were present in 39 patients. a positiv ... | 1989 | 2508987 |
| presence of the schistosome circulating anodic antigen (caa) in urine of patients with schistosoma mansoni or s. haematobium infections. | we investigated the presence of the circulating anodic antigen (caa) in the urine of schistosomiasis patients. this genus specific antigen was hitherto demonstrated only in the serum of schistosomiasis patients. the urine of 80 patients with schistosoma mansoni infections, 33 patients with s. haematobium infections, and 2 patients with mixed s. haematobium and s. mansoni infections were screened by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). caa was demonstrated in 81% of those wit ... | 1989 | 2510528 |
| schistosomal granulation masquerading as testicular tumour. | the case of a 7-year-old boy is reported in whom the schistosoma haematobium infection manifested as the clinical picture of metastasizing testicular tumour. the correct diagnosis was established by the postoperative pathohistological examination. no similar observations was found in the literature studied. | 1989 | 2512753 |
| field trial of the efficacy of a simplified and standard metrifonate treatments of schistosoma haematobium. | in a randomized double-blind study, the percentage egg reduction and cure rate after the standard schedule of metrifonate treatment of schistosoma haematobium (3 doses of 7.5 mg.kg-1 at two-weekly intervals; a) and an abbreviated regimen (3 doses of 5 mg.kg-1 in one day; b) were compared in five villages in somalia. 300 patients who were excreting 20 or more eggs of s. haematobium in 10 ml urine were recruited. the patients were classified according to their home villages and were then, randomly ... | 1989 | 2513207 |
| [bladder schistosomiasis in school children; random study in the ketu district, ghana]. | in 2 periods 1986/'87 and 1987/'88 1193 school children (5-19 years) from 13 randomly selected villages in the ketu district, ghana, were examined for schistosoma haematobium (sh) in the urine. for the egg count the quantitative urine filtration technique was used and besides 3 indirect indicators of sh infection were evaluated. an arbitrary division was made into areas of high and low endemicity, showing sh prevalence rates of 54.3-23.0% and 2.3-16.0%, respectively. the condition of the "dams' ... | 1989 | 2513491 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a diagnostic method for schistosomiasis haematobium. standardization and application in the field. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for the quantification of antibodies to schistosoma haematobium in both human serum and urine samples. the serum elisa was reproducible with coefficients of variation in intra-day tests and inter-day tests being 2.54-3.64% and 5.04-7.48%, respectively. the specificity of serum elisa was 100% and its sensitivity was 97%. when the eggs recovered from patients' urine were used for antigen, there occurred non-specific reactions, which were markedly d ... | 1989 | 2514279 |
| the potential role of various species of intermediate hosts of schistosoma haematobium in saudi arabia. | the potential role of 3 species of bulinus in the transmission of schistosoma haematobium in saudi arabia was assessed on the basis of their susceptibility to experimental infection, their geographical distribution and numbers, and the type of habitats in which they were found. b. truncatus, distributed mainly in the mid- and south-western regions, showed extremely low susceptibility to strains of s. haematobium from yemen, egypt and sudan. the same species from one area in the north-west was re ... | 1989 | 2514473 |
| prevalence of vaginal schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma haematobium in an endemic village in niger. | | 1989 | 2515636 |
| control of morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium on pemba island; selective population chemotherapy of schoolchildren with haematuria to identify high-risk localities. | in pemba, tanzania, 2 sequential surveys were made of the prevalence of haematuria in children (aged 5-19 years) in 52 schools, using direct observation of gross haematuria (bloody urine) and chemical reagent strips as indicators of schistosoma haematobium infection. 24,462 children were examined in the first survey and 25,575 in the second, 6 months later. the prevalence of gross haematuria was initially 15.8% (3876 cases); 6 months later, after a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg), it was ... | 1989 | 2515637 |
| the snail host of schistosomiasis in são tomé. | | 1989 | 2515638 |
| [fever, hematuria and dysuria upon returning from africa]. | | 1989 | 2518767 |
| [intermittent macroscopic hematuria as a sole manifestation of schistosomiasis]. | | 1989 | 2518956 |
| [screening for urinary schistosoma by strips reactive to hematuria. evaluation in zones of intermediate and weak endemicity in the ivory coast]. | sticks hemastix, reactive to haematuria have been tested into a focus ivory coast located in a humid savanna area. into this focus the prevalence rate of urinary schistosomiasis (schistosoma haematobium) was 27% taken as a whole and 40% for 5 to 19 years old persons. this study has shown that reactive sticks have a good sensitivity and an acceptable specificity compared with filtration. more, a good correlation between intensity of eggs count and the haematuria is observed. | 1989 | 2545370 |
| a laboratory study on the possible use of helisoma duryi in the biological control of bulinus africanus, intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium. | in order to evaluate the possible use of helisoma duryi as biological competitor of bulinus africanus, life-tables were compiled for these two snail species maintained either in the presence of each other, or separately. population parameters were calculated from these life-tables and it was found that h. duryi had a higher innate capacity of increase, net reproduction rate and growth rate as well as a longer lifespan and reproductive period than bu. africanus. furthermore, the biological potent ... | 1989 | 2609375 |
| identification of schistosoma haematobium, s. bovis and s. curassoni by multivariate analysis of cercarial papillae indices. | the disposition of cercarial papillae of 68 pre-identified schistosoma species was established. all the cercariae originated from africa and madagascar and were either obtained from natural or experimental infections, and belonged to three species schistosoma haematobium, s. bovis and s. curassoni. discriminant analysis was based on nine characters: average values, skewness and kurtosis of three cercarial indices (ad, al and u) for each sample or isolate. ad, al correspond respectively to the re ... | 1989 | 2635160 |
| drugs five years later: praziquantel. | to identify advances in knowledge of the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, clinical use, and side effects of the antihelminthic drug praziquantel in the 5 years since its introduction in the united states. | 1989 | 2643915 |
| spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the population dynamics of bulinus globosus and biomphalaria pfeifferi and in the epidemiology of their infection with schistosomes. | populations of bulinus globosus and biomphalaria pfeifferi were studied in a river habitat in zimbabwe over a period of 12 months. data were obtained on the prevalences of infections of schistosoma haematobium (also s. mattheei) and s. mansoni respectively. population parameters showed the following patterns for both snail species. (1) a patchy distribution correlated with the distributions of aquatic plants. (2) life-expectancies of only a few weeks. (3) recruitment rates correlated with water ... | 1989 | 2717216 |
| dynamics of the intramolluscan larval development of schistosoma haematobium: replication of daughter sporocysts and cercarial production. | during the intramolluscan larval development of schistosoma haematobium (algerian strain) in bulinus truncatus, two replication processes of daughter sporocysts occur. replication by direct sporocystogenesis appears more important than sporocystogenesis post cercariogenesis. these mechanisms assure a periodic renewal of the sporocyst stock in the snail host and seem to be synchronized with the development of cercarial generations. the succession of several generations of cercariae is responsible ... | 1989 | 2723382 |
| can tegumental morphology be used as a taxonomic criterion between schistosoma haematobium, s. intercalatum, and s. bovis? | a comparative study of the evolution in time of the tegumental morphology of male adult schistosoma haematobium from niger, s. intercalatum from cameroon and zaire, and s. bovis from spain and sudan was carried out with scanning electron microscopy. interindividual, interstrain, and interspecies variations are pointed out. the value of the morphological criterion (tegument with or without spines) is discussed. the tegumental morphology can be used for the identification of schistosome species sh ... | 1989 | 2726719 |
| isolation and characterisation of a surface membrane glycoprotein from adult schistosoma mansoni. | a peanut agglutinin-binding glycoprotein in adult schistosoma mansoni was shown to be absent from pre-liver worms, but could be detected on the worm surface in large amounts at four weeks post-infection. four-week parasites incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-peanut agglutinin showed a general surface fluorescence. the molecule did not incorporate methionine or palmitate. elisa using the isolated glycoprotein showed the presence of antibodies to it in serum from infected mice and from huma ... | 1989 | 2733729 |
| comparative study of urinary bladder carcinomas in japanese and egyptians. | one hundred six japanese and 169 egyptian cases of urinary bladder carcinoma treated by total cystectomy were analyzed histopathologically. urinary bladder carcinomas in egypt were encountered at an earlier age than those in japan. the proportion of carcinomas in egyptian males was higher than in japanese males. squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) predominated in egyptian cases whereas transitional cell carcinomas predominated in japanese cases. the pathological stage of egyptian cancers was more ad ... | 1989 | 2741695 |
| histological and histochemical studies on the digestive gland of bulinus truncatus infected with schistosoma haematobium. | the structure of the uninfected and infected digestive gland of the fresh-water snail, bulinus truncatus, was studied histologically and histochemically. the digestive gland consists of two types of cells: digestive and secretory cells clearly differentiated from each other. the pathological effects of infection of the snail with cercariae of schistosoma haematobium have resulted in considerable structural and histochemical alterations in the digestive gland. generally, the main effects were ref ... | 1989 | 2768865 |
| carbohydrate metabolism in adult schistosomes of different strains and species. | in this comparative study the carbohydrate metabolism of schistosoma japonicum, s. haematobium, s. intercalatum, s. bovis and three strains of s. mansoni was investigated. no large differences were found in the protein and glycogen contents of all species involved. in all species investigated, lactate was the main end product of carbohydrate breakdown. however, all parasites degraded part of the glucose to co2 via the krebs cycle. no difference was observed in the contribution of this aerobic pr ... | 1989 | 2777465 |
| on the interpretation of age-prevalence curves for schistosome infections of host snails. | the prevalence of schistosome infections in intermediate host snails varies with snail age. the relationship between age and prevalence, the age-prevalence curve, is complex and may vary in space and time, and among parasite-host species. field studies show that the shape of the age-prevalence curve may be seasonally variable, and that at some times there may be a decline in prevalence among older snails. this paper attempts to explain these observations in terms of the underlying epidemiologica ... | 1989 | 2797871 |
| susceptibility of some bulinid species to infection with schistosoma haematobium. | | 1989 | 2802812 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection among schoolchildren in the babana district, kwara state, nigeria. | a study was carried out in the babana district of borgu local government areas in kwara state, nigeria, to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren. of 425 pupils found and examined in nine communities, 193 (45.4%) were infected. infection rates for boys and girls (44.7% and 47.9%, respectively) were not significantly different (p greater than 0.5). children between 11 years and 13 years of age had the highest prevalence (59.2%), while those between ... | 1988 | 2854364 |
| value of ultrasonography in investigating morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium infection. | in an area where urinary schistosomiasis was endemic 349 patients were examined by ultrasonography. to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this technique, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopies were also done on 29 and 31 patients, respectively. ultrasonography compared favourably with pyelography and cystoscopy except in demonstrating bladder calcifications. it was a valuable tool for rapid mass detection of schistosoma haematobium related morbidity. major renal congestion and irregul ... | 1985 | 2858617 |
| urban transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in dar es salaam, tanzania. | a cross sectional survey for schistosoma haematobium infections was undertaken in 12 primary schools in the city of dar es salaam. the prevalence in the schools ranged from 5.3 to 55.1%, with an overall prevalence of 19.3%. more males (23.5%) than females (15.0%) were infected, and the highest prevalence was recorded in the 11-16 year age group. intensity of infection was high, ranging from 12 to 96 eggs/10 ml urine in individual schools. 26% of the infected excreted more than 50 eggs/10 ml urin ... | 1985 | 2859753 |
| schistosoma mansoni, s. japonicum, and s. haematobium: permeability to acidic amino acids and effect of separated and unseparated adults. | permeability of the tegument of male and female schistosoma mansoni was measured in vitro and a comparison was made between copulating and separated worms. in unpaired (separated) schistosomes, a carrier-mediated (selective) transport system for acidic amino acids was demonstrated. males and females exhibited similar uptake rates for aspartate and glutamate. half-saturation constants for aspartate (males, 0.035 +/- 0.008 mm; females, 0.026 +/- 0.006 mm) and glutamate (males, 0.010 +/- 0.007 mm; ... | 1985 | 2860003 |
| studies on the ecology of bulinus globosus, the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium in the ifakara area, tanzania. | during a period of 2 years, the ecology of bulinus globosus was studied in 8 habitats in two streams near ifakara, se-tanzania. the relative bulinus densities were followed monthly. two different methods for estimating snail densities (man/time vs. palmleaf traps) gave comparable results. bulinus densities were constantly low throughout the year in the stream, but they showed distinct seasonal fluctuations in adjacent pools, with a density-peak at the end of the small rainy season. b. globosus, ... | 1985 | 2862780 |
| the carboxylic and amino acid chemoreception niche of bulinus rohlfsi (clessin), the snail host of schistosoma haematobium. | the response of the freshwater snail, bulinus rohlfsi, to gradients of carboxylic acids, amino acids and some related compounds was investigated by means of diffusion olfactometers. the snails proved to be very discriminating in their responses to the chemical species tested and there were also very marked ontogenetic differences. although 15 distinctive types of amino and carboxylic acids proved to be attractants and arrestants, only octanoic acid proved effective for snails of all ages. possib ... | 1985 | 2865079 |
| evaluation of indirect screening techniques for the detection of schistosoma haematobium infection in an urban area, dar es salaam, tanzania. | 393 primary school children were screened for schistosoma haematobium using four indirect techniques (a) history of haematuria, (b) visual appearance of urine and use of chemical reagent strips to detect presence of (c) blood and (d) protein in urine. results showed that the use of chemical reagent strips for the detection of blood was the most specific and sensitive method, even in areas of lower prevalence and intensity. history of haematuria, protein in urine and visual appearance were respec ... | 1985 | 2865880 |
| schistosomiasis in expatriates returning to britain from the tropics: a controlled study. | clinical features in 173 white expatriates returning to britain with the sole diagnosis of schistosomiasis were compared with those in non-infected control subjects, matched for age and sex, returning from similar endemic areas. infection was, with one exception, acquired in africa. schistosoma mansoni was found in 135 patients, s haematobium in 29, and mixed infection in 9. 79% of patients with s haematobium had symptoms, compared with 47% of patients with s mansoni. tiredness, headache, and ga ... | 1986 | 2867326 |
| a study of the biological characteristics of a hybrid line between male schistosoma haematobium (dar es salaam, tanzania) and female s. intercalatum (edea, cameroun). | the viability of a hybrid between male schistosoma haematobium (dar es salaam, tanzania) and female s. intercalatum (edea, cameroun) was studied for up to the f7 hybrid generation and the biological characteristics of the hybrid were compared with those of each of the parental species. using the total cercarial production/100 exposed snails/5 weeks value (tcp) as an index the hybrid miracidial infectivity to bulinus forskalii (kinshasa, zaire), the host snail for s. intercalatum, remained compar ... | 1985 | 2868634 |
| comparison of ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopy in detection of urinary tract lesions due to schistosoma haematobium. | the use of ultrasound in detecting urinary tract alterations by schistosoma haematobium such as hydronephrosis and bladder calcifications was studied in 125 patients of the out-patients department of a district hospital in se tanzania, in an area highly endemic for this disease. ultrasound was compared with plain abdominal x-ray (in 33 patients), intravenous pyelography (29), cystoscopy (31) and simple urine examination (125). except for bladder calcifications which could not be demonstrated oth ... | 1986 | 2874711 |
| comparative evaluation of the el zogabie modification of the nytrel urine filtration technique for the detection and enumeration of schistosoma haematobium ova. | | 1986 | 2877557 |
| longitudinal study on the health status of children in a rural tanzanian community: parasitoses and nutrition following control measures against intestinal parasites. | three repeated cross-sectional surveys were undertaken among children (1 month to 15 years) of a rural community in southeastern tanzania. the study was part of a longitudinal project on the interactions among nutrition, parasitic infections and immunity within a primary health care programme emphasizing village health workers. all children underwent interviews and parasitological, anthropometric, anamnestic and clinical examinations. out of 550-590 children examined each year, a cohort of 170 c ... | 1987 | 2891267 |
| a longitudinal study on relations of retinol with parasitic infections and the immune response in children of kikwawila village, tanzania. | from 1982 to 1984 170 children of kikwawila village (kilombero district, tanzania) were followed for nutritional (anthropometric measures, hematocrit, serum retinol, prealbumin, and zinc concentrations), parasitological (malaria parasitemia, urinary schistosomiasis, intestinal parasites) and immunological characteristics. between 2.9% and 12.4% had serum retinol levels less than 100 micrograms/l which indicate deficiency. retinol concentrations were correlated with age, hematocrits, prealbumin l ... | 1987 | 2891270 |
| seasonal patterns in the transmission of schistosoma haematobium, s. mattheei and s. mansoni in the highveld region of zimbabwe. | the pattern of fluctuation in the population size of bulinus globosus and biomphalaria pfeifferi, in their infection rates with schistosoma haematobium/s. mattheei and s. mansoni, respectively, and in the cercarial population size as monitored using hamster immersions, was elucidated in streams in the temperate highveld region of zimbabwe over a 27-month period during 1982-1984. the results revealed that transmission of s. mansoni was erratic and unpredictable without a clearcut seasonal transmi ... | 1987 | 2894133 |
| pelveo-peritoneal schistosomiasis as a cause of primary infertility. | an unusual case of bilharziosis apparently leading to anatomic infertility in a kuwaiti woman is reported. | 1988 | 2904917 |
| [vitamin a deficiency in a rural population of mauritania and absence of a correlation with urinary schistosomiasis]. | this work is part of a wider study on urinary schistosomiasis in a west african rural population and was devoted to the assessment of vitamin a deficiency and the analysis of relations between serum retinol levels and schistosoma haematobium infection. the study took place in two villages located in a southeastern region of mauritania (hodh-el-gharbi), a semi-arid zone struck by the sahel drought. during the dry season 1985, 206 children between 1 and 15 years of age were randomly selected (sing ... | 1988 | 2907265 |
| schistosoma haematobium: analysis of eggshell protein genes and their expression. | eggshell protein genes of schistosoma mansoni that encode a 14 kda protein have been shown to be highly conserved and expressed in a sex-, tissue-, and temporal-specific manner. to initiate studies on the eggshell protein genes of s. haematobium, a cdna probe, psmf 61-46, representing a s. mansoni eggshell protein mrna was used to screen a s. haematobium genomic library. of the seven independent recombinant clones isolated, two (lambda sh 2-1 and lambda sh 6-1) were analyzed and compared to thos ... | 1989 | 2917627 |
| adult schistosome cdna libraries as a source of antigens for the study of experimental and human schistosomiasis. | protective immunity has been demonstrated in experimental schistosomiasis and is also believed to occur in man. it can be mediated by antibodies from infected animals or animals immunized with attenuated organisms. recombinant escherichia coli synthesizing antigenic polypeptides from the three principal species of schistosome that infect man, schistosoma mansoni, s. japonicum and s. haematobium, have been constructed. libraries of adult worm cdna were prepared from each species in the expression ... | 1986 | 2938004 |
| molecular cloning of schistosome genes. | | 1986 | 2940502 |
| differentiation of schistosoma haematobium from related species using cloned ribosomal rna gene probes. | the ribosomal rna (rrna) gene units of schistosoma mansoni (lateral spined eggs) and six species of schistosomes with terminal spined eggs (s. haematobium, s. curassoni, s. bovis, s. intercalatum, s. margrebowiei and s. mattheei) have been studied. the schistosome rrna gene unit consists of a regular interspersion of the two genes encoding the large and small rrna units with two spacers. the large spacer is not transcribed while the small spacer is part of the transcription unit. variation in th ... | 1986 | 3018558 |
| diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and spontaneous pneumothorax associated with schistosoma haematobium infestation of the lungs. a case report. | a patient with schistosoma haematobium infestation of the lungs is described. the most significant histological change was diffuse interstitial fibrosis. the patient presented initially with spontaneous pneumothorax. | 1986 | 3079925 |
| the effect of metrifonate in mixed schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni infections in humans. | in order to examine the effect of metrifonate, 156 patients with mixed schistosoma haematobium and mansoni infection were randomly divided into three groups and treated with metrifonate (twice 10 mg/kg body weight), oxamniquine (60 mg/kg) and praziquantel (40 mg/kg), respectively. the output of s. haematobium and s. mansoni ova were quantitatively assessed in urine and stool. application of metrifonate resulted in a similar reduction of s. haematobium and s. mansoni eggs in the urine, whereas no ... | 1986 | 3082230 |
| the pathobiology of schistosoma haematobium infection in humans. | schistosoma haematobium infection is a common occurrence in africa and the middle east and is the world's leading cause of hematuria. since more north americans are venturing into endemic areas and more residents of endemic areas are seeking medical care in north america, pathologists must be able not only to diagnose urinary schistosomiasis but also to provide advice as to further therapy. these endeavors mandate knowledge of the pathobiologic features of the disease. the severity and frequency ... | 1986 | 3082740 |
| [use of bladder biopsy in the study of urinary schistosomiasis]. | it is common to find schistosoma eggs in urine, faeces, and biopsies from rectal mucus membranes presently in use. it is less common to observe adults in routine bladder biopsies. the authors report such a case and discuss the importance of the bladder biopsy to estimate tissular inflammatory response which could reflect the host-parasite balance. | 1986 | 3084108 |
| schistosoma haematobium in western ethiopia. | | 1986 | 3084236 |
| [chemotherapy trial in the battle against schistosoma haematobium in an irrigated sahelian zone in niger]. | this study of s. haematobium infection in communities associated with irrigated schemes shows that prevalence rates are unusually high in adults, especially in men; and distribution disease is probably associated with at least the following three factors: (i) distance of the place of residence from the main transmission sites (ii) the dynamics of transmission in the waterbody and (iii) the human/water contact and contamination patterns. during this chemotherapy trial, at the first survey, only a ... | 1986 | 3084903 |
| cutaneous schistosomiasis in nigeria. an update. | two patients with schistosomiasis of the skin were seen at the ahmadu bello university teaching hospital, kaduna, northern nigeria, between june 1978 and december 1980. the first case was not suspected on clinical grounds, but was diagnosed only after terminally-spined ova of schistosoma haematobium were found in histological sections of the skin lesions. both patients were successfully treated with niridazole (ambilhar). these bring to eight the total number of cases of cutaneous schistosomiasi ... | 1986 | 3087404 |
| frequency of haematuria and proteinuria in relation to prevalence and intensity of schistosoma haematobium infection in dar es salaam, tanzania. | | 1986 | 3087728 |
| schistosoma haematobium treatment with praziquantel: preliminary clinical observations. | | 1986 | 3087746 |
| enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the evaluation of praziquantel therapy in different groups of bilharzial patients. | | 1986 | 3088143 |
| [effectiveness of praziquantel as an antihelmintic agent in the treatment of bilharziasis]. | with the introduction of praziquantel a highly effective anthelminticum against trematodes and cestodes has become available. after antischistosomal therapy with praziquantel reduction of parasitic egg excretion occurs rapidly and lasts for at least one year under conditions with a low risk of reinfection. patients treated with praziquantel predominantly excrete non-viable eggs and therefore hardly contribute to a further transmission of the disease. besides this parasitological improvement prot ... | 1986 | 3088435 |
| schistosoma haematobium: effect of non-schistosomicidal drugs (tetracycline and sulphadimidine) on schoolchildren. | pupils attending four secondary boarding schools in mwanza municipality, tanzania, were examined parasitologically for schistosoma haematobium. prevalence of infection was highest in the age group 17 to 18 years in both sexes whereas the intensity was highest in the age group 15 to 16 years in girls and 17 to 18 in boys. absence on grounds of sickness among the pupils studied was not related to the infection and the over-all academic performance was not clearly related to s. haematobium infectio ... | 1986 | 3088784 |
| patterns of schistosoma haematobium egg distribution in the human lower urinary tract. i. noncancerous lower urinary tracts. | schistosoma haematobium egg burdens (eggs/g of tissue) of 17 anatomic segments of lower urinary tracts from 32 unselected egyptian autopsies have been determined by tissue digestion and replicate counts of aliquots of the digestate. there were three anatomic patterns of egg distribution in these lower urinary tracts: apical, basal and diffuse. regression of egg burdens of each of the anatomic segments as the dependent variable against egg burdens of the entire lower urinary burden yielded a good ... | 1986 | 3089034 |
| patterns of schistosoma haematobium egg distribution in the human lower urinary tract. iii. cancerous lower urinary tracts. | the distribution of s. haematobium eggs in urinary bladders containing tumors and removed at surgery has been studied; the majority of these tumors are well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. the same three anatomic patterns of egg accumulation described in part i of this series (noncancerous lower urinary tracts) were found in these cancerous bladders, but, in addition, most of the tumors were surrounded by a collar of heavy s. haematobium egg deposition. the egg burdens in these collars ... | 1986 | 3089035 |
| morbidity from urinary schistosomiasis in relation to intensity of infection in the natal province of south africa. | morbidity from urinary schistosomiasis was assessed on clinical, radiological, parasitologic and biochemical evidence in 510 schoolchildren living in a schistosoma haematobium endemic area. the results were viewed against the background of the prevalence and intensity of infection in the subjects. clinical morbidity correlated well with the intensity of infection, the latter in turn being influenced by factors such as water contact pattern, sex and water source. a surprisingly high prevalence (4 ... | 1986 | 3089036 |
| isolation and characterization of schistosoma haematobium egg antigens. | schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen (shsea) was prepared from eggs isolated from the livers of hamsters or mice infected for at least 3 months. immunoaffinity purified s. haematobium egg antigens (shsh) were isolated by first passing shsea through a column containing anti-s. mansoni hamster igg coupled to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b, and recycling the unbound fraction until no more bound material could be eluted with an acid wash. the unbound fraction was then filtered through a second a ... | 1986 | 3089037 |
| the role of human water contact patterns in the transmission of schistosomiasis in an informal settlement near a major industrial area. | human contact with schistosome-infested water was studied in a rapidly growing community near an industrial area: water-contact was observed and categorized; interviews concerning water usage were conducted and schoolchildren and adult women were tested for schistosome infections. results indicated that swimming amongst certain young people was an important contact activity in summer. to a lesser extent the washing of clothes and blankets was found to be an activity of importance, providing a fo ... | 1986 | 3089185 |
| stage and species specificity of antigens encoded by two geographic strains of schistosoma mansoni mrna. | proteins translated in vitro from schistosoma mansoni adult worm mrna were assessed for their antigenic specificities compared to different stages, strains and species of the parasite. rna was extracted from both puerto rican and brazilian parasites and directed the synthesis of high molecular weight proteins. preabsorption of immune human serum with schistosomula was used to determine whether the in vitro translated proteins contained antigens shared between the adult and this immature stage. t ... | 1986 | 3091803 |
| attrition and temporal distribution of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium schistosomula in laboratory mice. | the total number and distribution of schistosomula of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium in all tissues and organs of mice from infection to 14-27 days was determined by compressed tissue autoradiography. attrition of schistosomula, manifested as a decrease in the number of autoradiographic foci, was observed in organs other than the liver. attrition commenced about 2 days after cercariae entered the skin, and conformed to a single exponential function with a rate constant (+/- standard erro ... | 1986 | 3092171 |
| early ureteric changes in schistosoma haematobium infection. | radiological findings were analysed in 56 young patients with proven schistosoma haematobium infection. in 31 patients (55%) changes were present in both the bladder and the ureters but in seven patients (13%) only ureteric changes were seen. hypertrophy of the mucosa, mild stenosis, linear calcification, punctate calcification or 'ureteritis calcinosa' and polyps are highly suggestive features of an early involvement of the upper urinary tract in this insidious disease. | 1986 | 3093132 |
| daily urinary protein loss in schistosoma haematobium infection. | proteinuria was studied in 128 children aged 6 to 18 years with schistosoma haematobium infection in the people's republic of congo. urinary protein concentration in spontaneously voided midday urine of patients with greater than 100 ova/10 ml was significantly higher than in 24-hr urine specimens. median daily urinary protein loss in patients with moderate intensity of infection (100-350 ova/10 ml) was 300 mg and 584 mg/1.73 m2 body surface in heavily infected patients (greater than 350 ova/10 ... | 1986 | 3094395 |
| the effects of schistosomiasis haematobium on the activity of school children. | schistosomiasis haematobium is prevalent in many parts of africa, especially among school-age children. it is thought to cause lethargy, but the effect may be masked by the selective exposure of more active children to the disease. infected children at a primary school in an endemic area in south africa were used as their own controls in a before-and-after treatment study. energetic activity was monitored by means of electronic meters before treatment, and at 3 and 6 months after treatment with ... | 1986 | 3095562 |
| some aspects of bilharzia in southern africa. | | 1986 | 3095935 |
| schistosomiasis in an american medical investigator. | a 42-year-old american male researcher contracted schistosomiasis from environmental sources in the course of his observations on human behavior in upper egypt. after a long asymptomatic period, he developed various symptoms and schistosoma haematobium was found in a urine examination. after treatment with metrifonate, urine examination became negative. however, abdominal pain persisted and most diagnostic tests were negative. colonoscopic examination and biopsy of the mucosa revealed schistosom ... | 1986 | 3097117 |
| studies on the effect of amoscanate on the immature stages of s. mansoni and s. haematobium worms in hamsters. | | 1986 | 3097173 |
| reversibility of urinary tract abnormalities due to schistosoma haematobium infection. | in view of the controversial results regarding reversibility of urinary tract lesions due to schistosoma haematobium infection, 103 patients in the people's republic of congo were followed up one year after treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg body wt) by means of ultrasonography. the study group consisted mainly of children. before therapy a total of 113 lesions were detected in the lower urinary tract. these consisted of bladder wall enlargements (n = 53), enlargements of the bladder wall in ... | 1986 | 3097374 |
| studies on schistosomiasis in the niger delta: prevalence of schistosoma haematobium among inhabitants of ahoada district. | | 1986 | 3097734 |
| false epidemiological results from the bulk transport of dried filter papers in urinary schistosomiasis. | in field studies in schistosoma haematobium endemic areas, dried filters must be transported in bulk to central laboratories, either for primary screening and counting, or for quality control of field workers. we examined filters before and after bulk transport, from three populations, of high, medium and low prevalence rate. a total of 312 filters were examined before and after transport; 28.6% of all eggs on filters were lost during transport. negative filters became positive during transport, ... | 1986 | 3097800 |
| urinary tract lesions due to schistosoma haematobium infection assessed by ultrasonography in a community based study in niger. | the comparative prevalences of urinary tract lesions in 2 villages where urinary schistosomiasis was endemic and in a control village free from infection were assessed by ultrasonography. of the 822 residents greater than 4 years of age in the first village (sébéri) where the prevalence of infection was 57%, 279 were examined by ultrasonography. the prevalence of bladder lesions was 71% in those 5-14 years of age, 57% among adult men, and 24% among women in this endemic village, compared to 10%, ... | 1986 | 3098123 |
| detection and quantification of circulating antigen in schistosomiasis by monoclonal antibody. ii. the quantification of circulating antigens in human schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobium: relationship to intensity of infection and disease status. | circulating cathodic and circulating anodic antigens were quantified in sera of patients infected with s. mansoni, s. haematobium or both parasites. a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antiserum were applied in precipitation and solid phase immunosorbent techniques using radio- and enzyme-labelled antibody as a tracer to detect the cathodic and anodic antigen respectively. the results show that circulating cathodic antigen can frequently be detected in an immunoprecipitation or an immunoradio ... | 1986 | 3098475 |
| resumption of schistosoma haematobium transmission after drought and subsequent flood. | | 1986 | 3099660 |
| further observations on the use of gross haematuria as an indirect screening technique for the detection of schistosoma haematobium infection in school children in dar es salaam, tanzania. | the reliability of using visible haematuria as an indirect screening technique to detect schistosoma haematobium was investigated in 418 school children from dar es salaam, tanzania. the sensitivity of the test varied significantly with the time of urine collection and the portion of the micturition stream examined. whereas sensitivity was 50% and accuracy 73% in the morning, in the afternoon sensitivity and accuracy had increased to 75% and 97% respectively if terminal urine samples were examin ... | 1986 | 3100822 |
| schistosomiasis in a cystic teratoma of the ovary. | the authors report the case of an ovarian teratoma infected by the eggs of the trematode schistosoma haematobium. in consideration of the rare observation, bearing a paradigmatic value, they briefly discuss the particular tropism that the parasite demonstrated towards some tumoral structures and they also outline the immunological mechanisms activated by the schistosoma. | 1987 | 3102128 |
| the effects of schistosoma haematobium infestation on the vermiform appendix: the nigerian experience. | in a prospective study of 518 consecutive appendices removed at surgery for symptomatic appendicitis, 32 appendices showed evidence of chronic schistosoma haematobium appendicitis (a frequency of 6.2%). as the diagnosis can only be confirmed by histology of the removed appendix, the authors believe that in endemic areas chronic s. haematobium appendicitis may not be as rare as the few recorded cases would seem to suggest. appendiceal mucosal ulceration with chronic inflammatory infiltration and ... | 1987 | 3102755 |
| comparative trials of regimes for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in the gambia. | alternative regimes for the treatment of schistosoma haematobium infection were compared in two trials. praziquantel at a dose of 40 mg kg-1 appeared to cure 63% of a random sample of heavily infected subjects; significantly more than the 18% cured by three fortnightly doses of metrifonate at 10 mg kg-1. however, praziquantel led to a greater incidence of mild, transient side-effects. a single dose of metrifonate was found to be an inadequate treatment in the same group of subjects as it left 53 ... | 1987 | 3104624 |
| urinary schistosomiasis acquired in mali, west africa. i. case report of schistosoma haematobium infection in a sri lankan with a note on the parasitic life cycle and the risk of local transmission. | | 1986 | 3109751 |
| epidemiological survey of urinary schistosomiasis in southeastern mauritania. | nine villages in the sahelian western hodh region of mauritania, west africa, were surveyed for infection with schistosoma haematobium. a total of 983 subjects were randomly selected (single stage cluster sampling) and they provided specimens. the populations of five villages were highly infected with prevalence rates exceeding 50% among children under 16 years of age and peak prevalences ranging from 75% to 100% for children 6-10 or 11-15 years old. mean densities of infection reached their pea ... | 1987 | 3110930 |
| haematuria and proteinuria in urinary schistosomiasis: response to therapy with praziquantel in tanzanian children. | in order to assess the efficacy of praziquantel against schistosoma haematobium and its effect on the morbidity indices, haematuria and proteinuria, a study was carried out using school receiving praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. twenty-four weeks after treatment, the percentage of cure was high and reached 100% among the 'light' and 'moderate' infection groups. in the 'heavy' infection group, a cure rate of 50% and a 69.3% egg reduction was observed. an overall cure rate of 94% was achieved ... | 1987 | 3110931 |
| the incidence of squamous and transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in northern tanzania in areas of high and low levels of endemic schistosoma haematobium infection. | squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest type of bladder malignancy in most areas of northern tanzania. of 172 cases of bladder cancer recorded in 9 years, 72% were squamous cell carcinomas. of these, 46% had schistosoma haematobium eggs in sections taken from tumour tissue. the geographical distribution of this tumour closely corresponded to the prevalence of s. haematobium infection. the mt kilimanjaro area is free of schistosomiasis and virtually lacks squamous cell carcinoma. although transi ... | 1986 | 3111028 |
| effect of praziquantel on certain immune responses of schistosomal egyptian patients. i. changes of specific immunoglobulins. | specific antischistosomal igg, igm, and ige were estimated by elisa in 117 rural school students before specific treatment with praziquantel monthly for 3-4 months thereafter. igg and igm were estimated as percentage of bound antibodies. ige was estimated by avidin-biotin elisa (ab-elisa) as iu/ml using a panel of known ige standards. soluble surface schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen was used for all estimates. total ige was estimated in a smaller group by an elisa kit. the percentage of sp ... | 1987 | 3112768 |
| a simplified dosage schedule of metrifonate in the treatment of schistosoma haematobium infection in somalia. | we have carried out an open clinical study in somalia to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a simplified dosage schedule of metrifonate in the treatment of schistosoma haematobium infection. the doses used were: i. 10 mg x kg-1 once daily for 3 days ii. 5 mg x kg-1 thrice daily for one day iii. 7.5 mg x kg-1 thrice daily for one day. we screened a total of 550 subjects in four villages for egg excretion in urine, and selected patients with more than 200 eggs per 10 ml of urine. in the initial p ... | 1987 | 3113973 |
| epidemiological considerations for development of a schistosome vaccine. | | 1987 | 3115073 |
| immunity in human schistosomiasis. | | 1987 | 3115074 |
| [schistosomiasis and cancer of the bladder in the ouémé valley. importance of a new technic of cell and parasite concentration using gum arabic]. | | 1987 | 3115199 |
| urinalysis reagent strips in the screening of children for urinary schistosomiasis in the rsa. | the use of urinalysis reagent strips (labstix; ames) in screening for schistosoma haematobium infection in various schistosomiasis-endemic areas of the rsa was assessed in 941 children. sensitivity, specificity, false-positive and false-negative rates and the positive predictive value for haematuria and proteinuria were calculated. both haematuria and proteinuria were positively correlated with the presence of s. haematobium eggs in the urine. intensity of infection correlated positively with th ... | 1987 | 3116682 |
| haemospermia: observations in an area of endemic bilharziasis. | observations are presented on 11 cases of haemospermia in the university teaching hospital, zambia, a country where bilharziasis is endemic. seven patients were severely hypertensive but only two had urinary bilharziasis. the incidence of schistosoma haematobium infection of the prostate and seminal vesicles is discussed and it is concluded that there is no significant association between the parasitic infection and haemospermia. | 1987 | 3117161 |
| focal, seasonal and behavioural patterns of infection and transmission of schistosoma haematobium in a farming village at the volta lake, ghana. | integrated sampling for human prevalence, intensity, and incidence of schistosoma haematobium, as well as for human water contact and snail distribution and density was carried out in the volta lake farming village of agbenoxoe at various times between 1978 and 1980. nuclepore filters were used for determining egg output. snail sampling was by the man-time method. a new system of recording human water contact was introduced for the peculiar condition at agbenoxoe. results indicated significant f ... | 1987 | 3118054 |
| community water-contact patterns and the transmission of schistosoma haematobium in the highveld region of zimbabwe. | the patterns of community water-contact, their relationships to schistosoma haematobium infection in the human population and also in bulinus globosus, snail host for s. haematobium and s. mattheei were carried out at 12 human water contact sites located in stream habitats in the temperate highveld region of zimbabwe over a 27-month period during 1982-1984. it was shown that water contact was markedly heterogeneous with sex, age, type of activity and village location being the major variables af ... | 1987 | 3118479 |